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Rube Waddell

Rube Waddell

George Edward Waddell (October 13, 1876 - April 1, 1914) was an American left-handed pitcher in Major League Baseball. In his thirteen-year career he played for the Louisville Colonels (1897, 1899), Pittsburgh Pirates (1900-01) and Chicago Orphans (1901) in the National League, and the Philadelphia Athletics (1902-07) and St. Louis Browns (1908-10) in the American League. Waddell earned the nickname "Rube" because he was a big, fresh kid. The term was commonly used to refer to hayseeds or farmboys. He was born in Bradford, Pennsylvania. Waddell was remarkable as a strikeout pitcher in an era when batters mostly slapped at the ball to get singles. He had an excellent fastball, a sharp-breaking curve, a screwball and superb control (his strikeout-to-walk ratio was almost 3-to-1, and he led the American League in strikeouts six years straight). However, he was odd and unpredictable, prompting some recent speculation that he was mentally retarded or autistic. He had a habit of leaving the dugout in the middle of games to follow passing fire trucks to fires, and performed as an alligator wrestler in the offseason. He was an alcoholic for much of his adult life (Sporting News called him "the sousepaw"), and his eccentric behavior led to constant battles with his managers and scuffles with bad tempered teammates. In his career, Waddell had a record of 193-143, 2316 strikeouts, and a 2.16 earned run average, with 50 shutouts and 261 complete games in 2961 innings pitched. Waddell was immortalized in the classic baseball book, The Glory of Their Times by Lawrence Ritter. Rube Waddell died in San Antonio, Texas at 37 years of age, apparently from illness contracted while doing flood relief work. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.

Quotation


- "He was among the game's first real drawing cards, among its first honest-to-goodness celebrities, and the first player to have teams of newspaper reporters following him, and the first to have a mass following of idol-worshiping kids yelling out his nickname like he was their buddy." --Alan Howard Levy, in his book Rube Waddell: The Zany, Brilliant Life of a Strikeout Artist.

Highlights


- Won Triple Crown (1905: 27-10, 287, 1.48)
- 4-time 20-game winner (24, 21, 25, 27: 1902-05)
- Six consecutive strikeout titles (1902-07)
- Set league record for strikeouts in a game (16, 1908)
- Set record for strikeouts in a season (349, 1904)
- First pitcher to strike out the side on just nine pitched balls (July 2, 1902)

External links


- [http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/hofers_and_honorees/hofer_bios/waddell_rube.htm Baseball Hall of Fame]
-
- [http://www.baseballlibrary.com/baseballlibrary/ballplayers/W/Waddell_Rube.stm Page at Baseball Library]
- [http://rsparlourtricks.blogspot.com/2005/10/rube-waddell.html Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: Rube Waddell] Waddell, Rube Waddell, Rube Waddell, Rube

October 13

October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years). There are 79 days remaining.

Events


- 54 - Roman Emperor Claudius dies after being poisoned by his wife Agrippina.
- 1282 - Nichiren Daishonin, founder of the Nichiren School of Buddhism, dies. His ashes are interred at Taisekiji Temple.
- 1307 - All Knights Templar in France are simultaneously arrested by agents of Phillip the Fair, to be later tortured into "admitting" heresy.
- 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1775 - The United States Continental Congress orders the establishment of the Continental Navy (later renamed the United States Navy).
- 1792 - In Washington, DC, the cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House since 1818) is laid.
- 1812 - War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights - On the Niagara frontier in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock.
- 1843 - In New York City, Henry Jones and 11 others found B'nai B'rith (the oldest Jewish service organization in the world).
- 1845 - A majority of voters in the Republic of Texas approve a proposed constitution, that if accepted by the U.S. Congress, will make Texas a U.S. state.
- 1918 - Talaat Pasha and the Young Turk (C.U.P.) ministry resign and sign an armistice, ending Ottoman participation in World War I
- 1943 - World War II: The new government of Italy sides with the Allies and declares war on Germany.
- 1944 - World War II: Riga, the capital of Latvia is taken over by the Red Army
- 1946 - France adopts the constitution of the Fourth Republic.
- 1960 - 1960 World Series: Baseballer Bill Mazeroski becomes the first person to end a World Series with a home run.
- 1962 - Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? opens on Broadway.
- 1972 - An Aeroflot Ilyushin-62 crashed outside Moscow killing 176
- 1972 - Andes flight disaster: Fairchild passenger plane transporting a rugby team crashes in Andes. They are found alive December 20 but they have had to resort to cannibalism to survive, as chronicled in the 1993 film Alive: The Miracle of the Andes.
- 1976 - A Bolivian Boeing 707 cargo jet crashes in Santa Cruz, Bolivia killing 100 (97, mostly children, killed on the ground)
- 1976 - The first electron micrograph of an Ebola viral particle was obtained by Dr. F.A. Murphy, now at U.C. Davis, who was then working at the C.D.C..
- 1977 - Four Palestinians hijack a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demand release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.
- 1983 - Ameritech Mobile Communications (now Cingular) launched the first US cellular network in Chicago.
- 1999 - The United States Senate rejects ratification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT).
- 2003 - The Public Library of Science commences publication of an open-access scientific journal, PLoS Biology.
- 2005 - Peel Day First annual BBC proclaimed "Peel Day" celebrating Life and Work of BBC DJ John Peel.

Births


- 709 - Emperor Kōnin Japan (d. 781)
- 1162 - Leonora of England, queen of Alfonso VIII of Castile (d. 1214)
- 1381 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English politician (d. 1415)
- 1453 - Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (d. 1471)
- 1474 - Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter (d.1515)
- 1566 - Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, Irish politician (d. 1643)
- 1696 - John Hervey, Lord Hervey, English statesman and writer (d. 1743)
- 1713 - Allan Ramsay, Scottish painter (d. 1784)
- 1714 - Pieter Burmann the Younger, Dutch philologist (d. 1778)
- 1821 - Rudolf Virchow, German physician, pathologist, biologist, and politician (d. 1902)
- 1853 - Lillie Langtry, British actress (d. 1929)
- 1862 - Mary Kingsley, English writer and explorer (d. 1900)
- 1876 - Rube Waddell, baseball player(d. 1914)
- 1880 - Sasha Cherny, Russian poet (d. 1932)
- 1909 - Art Tatum, American jazz pianist (d. 1956)
- 1909 - Herbert Block, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
- 1911 - Ashok Kumar, Indian actor (d. 2001)
- 1915 - Terry Frost, English artist (d. 2003)
- 1915 - Cornel Wilde, American actor (d. 1989)
- 1917 - Laraine Day, American actor
- 1917 - Burr Tillstrom, American puppeteer (d. 1985)
- 1918 - Robert Hudson Walker, American actor (d. 1951)
- 1921 - Yves Montand, Italian-born singer and actor (d. 1991)
- 1923 - Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player
- 1924 - Nipsey Russell, American comedian, actor, and television personality (d. 2005)
- 1925 - Lenny Bruce, American comedian (d. 1966)
- 1925 - Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
- 1931 - Eddie Mathews, baseball player (d. 2001)
- 1931 - Raymond Kopa, French footballer
- 1932 - Jack Colvin, American actor (d. 2005)
- 1934 - Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer
- 1938 - Hugo Young, English journalist (d. 2003)
- 1940 - Pharoah Sanders, American saxophonist
- 1941 - Paul Simon, American singer, songwriter, and guitarist
- 1942 - Jerry Jones, American football team owner
- 1944 - Robert Lamm, American musician (Chicago)
- 1946 - Edwina Currie, British politician
- 1947 - Sammy Hagar, American singer
- 1948 - Ted Poe, American politician
- 1950 - Dan Seals, American singer and songwriter
- 1953 - Pat Day, American jockey
- 1954 - Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician
- 1956 - Chris Carter, American television producer
- 1958 - Jair-Rohm Parker Wells, American musician and composer
- 1959 - Marie Osmond, American singer, actress, and television personality
- 1962 - Kelly Preston, American actress
- 1962 - Jerry Rice, American football star
- 1964 - Niè Hǎishèng, Chinese astronaut
- 1969 - Nancy Kerrigan, American figure skater
- 1971 - Sacha Baron Cohen, British comedian
- 1971 - Pyrros Dimas, Albanian weightlifter
- 1971- Billy Bush, American TV host (Access Hollywood)
- 1973 - Brian Dawkins, American football player
- 1974 - Joseph Utsler, American rapper (Insane Clown Posse)
- 1978 - Jermaine O'Neal, American basketball player
- 1979 - Wes Brown, English footballer
- 1980 - Ashanti, American musician
- 1980 - Magne Hoset, Norwegian footballer
- 1982 - Ian Thorpe, Australian swimmer

Deaths


- 54 - Claudius, Roman Emperor (b. 10 BC)
- 1282 - Nichiren Japanese founder of Nichiren Buddhism (b. 1222)
- 1415 - Thomas FitzAlan, 12th Earl of Arundel, English military leader (b. 1381)
- 1508 - Edmund de Ros, 11th Baron de Ros, English politician (b. 1446)
- 1605 - Theodore Beza, French theologian (b. 1519)
- 1673 - Kristoffer Gabel, Danish statesman (b. 1617)
- 1687 - Geminiano Montanari, Italian astronomer (b. 1633)
- 1694 - Samuel von Pufendorf, German jurist (b. 1632)
- 1706 - Iyasus the Great, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
- 1715 - Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (b. 1638)
- 1759 - John Henley, English minister (b. 1692)
- 1788 - Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent, Irish politician and poet (b. 1702)
- 1812 - Sir Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1769)
- 1815 - Joachim Murat, French marshal and King of Naples (executed) (b. 1767)
- 1825 - King Maximilian I of Bavaria (d. 1756)
- 1869 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
- 1882 - Arthur de Gobineau, French philosopher (b. 1816)
- 1890 - Samuel Freeman Miller, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1816)
- 1905 - Sir Henry Irving, the first British actor to be knighted (b. 1838)
- 1909 - Francisco Ferrer Guardia, Spanish free-thinker (b. 1849)
- 1917 - Florence La Badie, American actress
- 1919 - Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
- 1945 - Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
- 1950 - Ernest Haycox, American writer (b. 1899)
- 1955 - Manuel Ávila Camacho, President of Mexico (b. 1897)
- 1966 - Clifton Webb, American actor (b. 1889)
- 1968 - Bea Benaderet, American actress (b. 1906)
- 1974 - Ed Sullivan, American television personality (b. 1901)
- 1979 - Rebecca Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886)
- 1987 - Walter Brattain, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
- 1990 - Le Duc Tho, Vietnamese general and politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1911)
- 2002 - Stephen Ambrose, American historian and biographer (b. 1936)
- 2003 - Bertram Brockhouse, Canadian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
- 2005 - Vivian Malone Jones, American civil rights activist

Holidays and observances


- Roman festivals - Fontanalia: festival dedicated to Fontus
- RC Saints - translation (1163) of Saint Edward the Confessor; memorial of Saint Gerald of Aurillac
- Also see October 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- John Peel Day - A day celebrating the life and influence of the late John Peel.

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/13 BBC: On This Day] ---- October 12 - October 14 - September 13 - November 13 - more historical anniversaries ko:10월 13일 ms:13 Oktober ja:10月13日 simple:October 13 th:13 ตุลาคม

April 1

April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining.

Events


- 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne.
- 1318 - Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured by the Scottish from the English
- 1572 - The Watergeuzen succeeded in capturing Den Briel, effectively sealing off the Meuse from the Spaniards.
- 1789 - In New York City, the United States House of Representatives holds its first quorum and elects Frederick Muhlenberg of Pennsylvania as its first House Speaker.
- 1826 - Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
- 1854 - Hard Times begins serialisation in Charles Dickens magazine, Household Words.
- 1857 - Herman Melville publishes The Confidence-Man.
- 1865 - American Civil War: Battle of Five Forks - In Petersburg, Virginia, Confederate General Robert E. Lee begins his final offensive.
- 1867 - Singapore becomes British crown colony.
- 1868 - Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute is established in Hampton, Virginia
- 1873 - The British steamer SS Atlantic sinks off Nova Scotia killing 547.
- 1891 - The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
- 1918 - The Royal Flying Corps is replaced by the Royal Air Force.
- 1924 - Adolf Hitler is sentenced to five years in jail for his participation in the "Beer Hall Putsch." However, he spends only nine months in jail, during which he writes the book Mein Kampf.
- 1924 - First revenue flight for Belgium's Sabena Airlines
- 1933 - The recently elected Nazis under Julius Streicher organize a one-day boycott of all Jewish-owned businesses in Germany, ushering in the series of anti-Semitic acts that will be known as the Holocaust.
- 1934 - Bonnie and Clyde kill two young highway patrolmen near Grapevine, Texas.
- 1937 - Aden becomes a British crown colony.
- 1941 - The Blockade Runner Badge for German navy is instituted.
- 1945 - World War II: Operation Iceberg - United States troops land on Okinawa in the last campaign of the war.
- 1946 - Aleutian Island earthquake: A 7.8 magnitude earthquake near the Aleutian Islands creates a tsunami that strikes the Hawaiian Islands killing 159 (mostly in Hilo, Hawaii).
- 1946 - Formation of the Malayan Union.
- 1948 - Cold War: Berlin Airlift - Military forces, under direction of the Soviet-controlled government in East Germany, set-up a land blockade of West Berlin.
- 1948 - Faroe Islands receive autonomy from Denmark
- 1949 - Newfoundland becomes the tenth Province of Canada
- 1949 - Chinese Civil War: Communist Party of China hold unsuccessful peace talks with the Kuomintang in Beijing, after three years of fighting.
- 1949 - The twenty-six counties of the Irish Free State become the Republic of Ireland.
- 1954 - President Dwight D. Eisenhower authorizes the creation of the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado.
- 1960 - The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
- 1967 - The United States Department of Transportation begins operation.
- 1969 - The Hawker Siddeley Harrier enters service with the RAF.
- 1970 - Phil Spector finishes the orchestral overdubs for the upcoming Beatles album, Let It Be, including the songs "Let It Be", "Across the Universe", and "The Long and Winding Road". This causes controversy among Beatles fans who feel that Phil Spector has overproduced the album.
- 1970 - President Richard Nixon signs the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
- 1970 - American Motors introduces the Gremlin.
- 1973 - Project Tiger, a tiger conservation project, is launched in the Corbett National Park, India.
- 1974 - In the United Kingdom, new administrative counties come into being.
- 1976 - Apple Computer Company is formed by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak.
- 1976 - The Central Railroad of New Jersey goes bankrupt and Conrail takes over its operations.
- 1979 - Iran's government becomes an Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially.
- 1996 - University of Kentucky team wins NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
- 1999 - Nunavut is established as a Canadian territory carved from the eastern part of the Northwest Territories.
- 2001 - An EP-3E United States Navy plane collides with a Chinese People's Liberation Army fighter jet. The Navy crew makes an emergency landing in Hainan, People's Republic of China and is detained.
- 2001 - Former president of Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Slobodan Milošević surrenders to police special forces, to be tried on charges of war crimes.
- 2001 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Netherlands is celebrated.
- 2002 - The Netherlands legalizes euthanasia, becoming the only nation in the world to do so.
- 2004 - George W. Bush signs the Unborn Victims of Violence Act, which makes an attack that leads to the death of a mother and her unborn child two criminal charges.
- 2004 - The first legal same-sex marriage in the Canadian province of Quebec: Michael Hendricks and René Leboeuf wed in Montreal. Montreal
- 2004 - Faroese Prime Minister's Office announces that from then on the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister's Office would use a new version of the Faroese Coat of Arms.
- 2004 - Gmail, an email service from Google launches.

Births


- 1220 - Emperor Go-Saga of Japan (d. 1272)
- 1543 - François de Bonne, duc de Lesdiguières, Constable of France (d. 1626)
- 1578 - William Harvey, English physician (d. 1657)
- 1610 - Charles de Saint-Évremond, French soldier (d. 1703)
- 1640 - Georg Mohr, Danish mathematician (d. 1697)
- 1647 - John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (d. 1680)
- 1732 - Franz Josef Haydn, Austrian composer (d. 1809)
- 1765 - Luigi Schiavonetti, Italian engraver (d. 1810)
- 1776 - Sophie Germain, French mathematician (d. 1831)
- 1815 - Otto von Bismarck, German politician (d. 1898)
- 1815 - Edward Clark, Governor of Texas (d. 1880)
- 1834 - Big Jim Fisk, American entrepreneur (d. 1872)
- 1854 - Bill Traylor, American artist (d. 1949)
- 1856 - Acacio Gabriel Viegas, Indian physician (d. 1933)
- 1865 - Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1929)
- 1866 - Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist and composer (d. 1924)
- 1873 - Sergei Rachmaninoff, Russian composer, pianist, and conductor (d. 1943)
- 1875 - Edgar Wallace, English writer (d. 1932)
- 1883 - Lon Chaney, Sr., American actor (d. 1930)
- 1885 - Wallace Beery, American actor (d. 1949)
- 1895 - Alberta Hunter, American singer (d. 1984)
- 1897 - Nita Naldi, American actress (d. 1961)
- 1898 - William James Sidis, eccentric genius and child prodigy (d. 1944)
- 1899 - Gustavs Celmins, Latvian politician (d. 1968)
- 1900 - Robert McDowell, Mayor of Maryborough, Queensland (d. 1988)
- 1901 - Whittaker Chambers, American writer, editor, and defector (d. 1961)
- 1906 - Alexander Sergeyevich Yakovlev, Russian engineer and airplane designer (d. 1989)
- 1908 - Abraham Maslow, American psychologist (d. 1970)
- 1914 - Jerome L. Walton, Canadian author
- 1915 - Otto Wilhelm Fischer, Austrain actor (d. 2004)
- 1919 - Joseph Murray, American surgeon, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1920 - Toshiro Mifune, Japanese actor (d. 1997)
- 1922 - William Manchester, American writer (d. 2004)
- 1924 - Brendan Byrne, Governor of New Jersey
- 1926 - Charles Bressler, American tenor
- 1926 - Anne McCaffrey, American author
- 1928 - George Grizzard, American actor
- 1929 - Milan Kundera, Czech writer
- 1929 - Jane Powell, American dancer, actress, and singer
- 1929 - Bo Schembechler, American football coach
- 1930 - Grace Lee Whitney, American actress
- 1931 - Rolf Hochhuth, German writer
- 1932 - Gordon Jump, American television actor (d. 2003)
- 1932 - Debbie Reynolds, American actress
- 1933 - Claude Cohen-Tannoudji, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1934 - Don Hastings, American actor
- 1934 - Rod Kanehl, baseball player (d. 2004)
- 1935 - Larry McDonald, American politician (d. 1983)
- 1938 - Ali MacGraw, American actress
- 1938 - John Quade, American actor
- 1939 - Phil Niekro, American baseball pitcher
- 1940 - Wangari Maathai, Kenyan environmentalist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1942 - Samuel R. Delany, American author
- 1942 - Annie Nightingale, British disc jockey
- 1946 - Ronnie Lane, British musician (The Small Faces and The Faces) (d. 1997)
- 1947 - Alain Connes, French mathematician
- 1948 - Jimmy Cliff, Jamaican musician
- 1949 - Gérard Mestrallet, French businessman
- 1949 - Gil Scott-Heron, American musician and composer
- 1952 - Annette O'Toole, American actress
- 1953 - Barry Sonnenfeld, producer and director
- 1964 - Erik Breukink, Dutch cyclist and manager
- 1965 - Mark Jackson, American basketball player
- 1965 - Robert Steadman, English composer
- 1970 - Sung Hi Lee, Korean-born model
- 1971 - Method Man, American musician
- 1972 - Allen and Albert Hughes, American film directors
- 1973 - Stephen Fleming, New Zealand cricketer
- 1975 - George Bastl, Swiss tennis player
- 1980 - Randy Orton, American professional wrestler
- 1980 - Takeuchi Yuko, Japanese actress
- 1981 - Hannah Spearritt, British singer (S Club 7)
- 1982 - Sam Huntington, American actor
- 1983 - Ólafur Ingi Skúlason, Icelandic footballer
- 1983 - Sean Taylor, American football player

Deaths


- 1085 - Emperor Shenzong of China (b. 1048)
- 1204 - Eleanor of Aquitaine, queen of Henry II of England
- 1205 - King Amalric II of Jerusalem (b. 1145)
- 1528 - Francisco de Peñalosa, Spanish composer
- 1580 - Alonso Mudarra, Spanish composer
- 1621 - Cristofano Allori, Italian painter (b. 1577)
- 1637 - Niwa Nagashige, Japanese warlord (b. 1571)
- 1682 - Franz Egon of Fürstenberg, Bishop of Strassburg (b. 1625)
- 1684 - Roger Williams, English theologian and colonist (b. 1603)
- 1787 - Floyer Sydenham, English classical scholar (b. 1710)
- 1839 - Benjamin Pierce, Governor of New Hampshire (b. 1757)
- 1872 - Frederick Maurice, English theologian (b. 1805)
- 1878 - John Corry Wilson Daly, Canadian politician (b. 1796)
- 1914 - Rube Waddell, baseball player (b. 1876)
- 1917 - Scott Joplin, American musician and composer (b. 1868)
- 1922 - Emperor Karl I of Austria (b. 1887)
- 1946 - Noah Beery, American actor (b. 1882)
- 1947 - King George II of Greece (b. 1890)
- 1950 - Charles R. Drew, American physician (b. 1904)
- 1966 - Flann O'Brien, Irish humorist (b. 1911)
- 1968 - Lev Davidovich Landau, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1908)
- 1976 - Max Ernst, German artist (b. 1891)
- 1984 - Marvin Gaye, American singer (b. 1939)
- 1986 - Erik Bruhn, Danish ballet dancer, choreographer (b. 1928)
- 1988 - Joe Besser, American actor and comedian (b. 1907)
- 1991 - Martha Graham, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1894)
- 1994 - Léon Degrelle, Belgian Nazi (b. 1906)
- 1993 - Alan Kulwicki, American race car driver (b. 1954)
- 1998 - Rozz Williams, American musician (Christian Death) (b. 1963)
- 1998 - Gene Evans, American actor (b. 1922)
- 2003 - Leslie Cheung, Hong Kong actor and singer (b. 1956)
- 2004 - Carrie Snodgress, American actress (b. 1946)
- 2005 - Harald Juhnke, German entertainer (b. 1929)
- 2005 - Jack Keller, songwriter (leukemia) (b. 1936)
- 2005 - Robert Coldwell Wood, American university president and political appointee (b. 1923)

Holidays and observances


- April 1 is known as April Fool's Day or All Fools' Day in many countries.
- Feast day of Saint Hugh in the Roman Catholic Church calendar
- Roman Empire - Veneralia celebrated to honor Venus
- Japan - The official start of school years in most universities and schools. Also, the official First Day of Work at companies and offices for new university graduates hires, marked by welcoming ceremonies and speeches.
- Canada - Beginning of government's fiscal year
- India - Start of financial year.
- Brielle celebrates victory of 1572 over Spaniards.
- In San Marino, two Captains Regent, elected by Parliament, take office for six months
- Date that bobhouses, used for ice-fishing, must be taken off frozen lakes in New Hampshire.
- International Day of the Birds

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/1 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20050401.html The New York Times: On This Day] ---- March 31 - April 2 - March 1 - May 1 -- listing of all days ko:4월 1일 ja:4月1日 simple:April 1 th:1 เมษายน

1914

1914 (MCMXIV) is a common year starting on Thursday. (see link for calendar)

Events

January-April


- January 4 - 77 seal hunters freeze to death on ice near Labrador.
- January 5 - Ford Motor Company announces an eight-hour workday and a minimum wage of $5 for a day's labor.
- January 10 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa's troops take Ojinaga in the Mexican state of Chihuahua
- February 13 - Copyright: In New York City the ASCAP (for American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers) is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.
- March 1 - The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
- March 10 - Suffragette Mary Richardson damages Velasquez painting Rokeby Venus in London’s national gallery with a meat chopper.
- March 16 - Wife of French minister Joseph Caillaux shoots Gaston Calmet, the editor of Le Figaro because he threatened to publish Caillaux's love letters to her during his previous marriage. (She is later acquitted.)
- March 27 - Belgian surgeon A. Hustin makes the first successful blood transfusion, using anticoagulants.
- March 29 - Katherine Routledge and her husband arrive in Easter Island to make the first true study of it (departs August 1915)
- April 14 - The city of Irving, Texas is incorporated.
- April 20 - Colorado coalfield Massacre or Ludlow Massacre. Colorado National guard attacks 1200 tent colony of striking coal miners in Ludlow - 24 people dead.
- April 21 - 3000 US marines land in Vera Cruz, Mexico.
- The American Radio Relay League is founded.

May-July


- May 9 - J.T. Hearne becomes the first bowler to take 3000 first-class wickets.
- May 14 - Woodrow Wilson signs Mother's Day proclamation.
- May 14 - The Hellenic Holocaust begins in the Ottoman Empire.
- May 25 - The United Kingdom's House of Commons passes Irish Home Rule.
- May 29 - The ocean liner RMS Empress of Ireland sinks in Gulf of St. Lawrence; 1,024 lives lost. Gulf of St. Lawrence, World War I has now become inevitable]]
- June 1 - Woodrow Wilson's envoy Edward Mandell House meets with Kaiser Wilhelm II.
- June 18 - Constitutionals take San Luis Potos - Venustiano Carranza demands Victoriano Huerta's surrender
- June 23 - Kiel Canal reopened (owing to its having been deepened) by the Kaiser: Visit of the British Fleet under Sir G. Warrender: Kaiser inspects the Dreadnought H.M.S. "King George V".
- June 28 - The assassination in Sarajevo: Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria and his wife, the Archduchess Sophie are killed by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
- June 29 - Austria-Hungary: Secretary of the Legation at Belgrade sends despatch to Vienna suggesting Serbian complicity in the crime of Sarajevo.Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo and throughout Bosnia generally.
- June 30-Great Britain: Addresses in Parliament on the murdered Archduke: Lords Crewe and Lansdowne in House of Lords; Messrs. Asquith and Law in House of Commons.
- July 2 -Announcement that the Kaiser will not attend the Archduke's funeral.
- July 4 - Austria-Hungary: Funeral of the Archduke at Artstetten (50 miles west of Vienna).
- July 5 - Council at Potsdam.
- July 6 - Kaiser leaves Kiel for a cruise in Northern waters.
- July 7 - Austria-Hungary: Council of Ministers, including Ministers for Foreign Affairs and War, Chief of General Staff and Naval Commander-in-Chief: Council lasts from 11.30 a.m. to 6.15 p.m.
- July 8 -Count Tisza makes grave statement in Hungarian Chamber concerning the murder of the Archduke.
- July 9 -The House of Lords completed the recasting of the Amendment Bill(Ireland).Among the Amendments adopted with one excluding the Unionists of the West and South (as well as Ulster )from the jurisdiction of the judiciary appointed by the Home Rule Government;and another withdrawing of the Land Purchase Acts from the conrol of the Irish Parliment. Austria-Hungary.-Emperor recieves report of Austro-Hungarian investigation into the Sarajevo crime.The London Times publishes account of Austro-Hungarian press campaign against Serbians (who are described as "pestilent rats").
- July 10 - Mr.Hartwig,Russian Minister to Serbia, dies suddenly at Austrian Legation in Belegrade.
- July 12 - Demonstrations in Ulster suggesting Civil War.
- July 13 - Reports of a projected Serbian attack upon the Austro-Hungarian Legation at Belegrade.
- July 15 - Victoriano Huerta resigns and leaves for Colón. July 17 he leaves for exile in Spain
- July 18 - The Signal Corps of the United States Army is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.
- July 28 - World War I begins: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia after it fails to meet the conditions of an ultimatum it set on July 23 following the Sarajevo assassination.
- July 31 - French pacifist Jean Jaures is assassinated.

August


- August 1 - Germany declares war on Russia, following Russia's military mobilization in support of Serbia.
- August 2 - German troops occupy Luxembourg.
- August 2 - Secret treaty between Turkey and Germany to secure Turkish neutrality
- August 3 - Germany declares war on Russia's ally France.
- August 4 - German troops invade neutral Belgium. Britain declares war on Germany after the latter fails to respect Belgian neutrality. The United States declares neutrality.
- August 5 - USA and Panama sign the Panama Canal Treaty
- August 15 - The Panama Canal opens to traffic.
- August 15 - Venustiano Carranza's troops under general Alvaro Obregon enter Mexico City
- August 17-September 2 - World War I: Battle of Tannenberg
- August 20 - World War I: German forces occupy Brussels.
- August 23 - Japan declares war on Germany.
- August 26-27 - The Battle of Le Cateau.
- August 28 - The Battle of Helgoland - British cruisers under admiral Beatty sink three German cruisers Battle of Helgoland]]
- August 29-30 - The Battle of St. Quentin.

September-October


- September 1 - St. Petersburg, Russia changes its name to Petrograd.
- September 1 - The last known passenger pigeon dies in the Cincinnati Zoo.
- September 2 - Moronvilliers occupied by the Germans.
- September 3 - Giacomo della Chiesa is elected as the new pope of the Roman Catholic Church. He becomes pope Benedict XV.
- September 5 - London Agreement - no member of Triple Entente (Britain, France, or Russia) may seek a separate peace with Central Powers.
- September 5 - World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins - Northeast of Paris, the French 6th Army under General Michel-Joseph Maunoury attack German forces who are advancing on the capital. Over 2 million troops will fight in the battle and 100,000 will be killed or wounded in this significant Allied victory.
- September 6 - French and British counterattack at Marne ends German advance on Paris.
- September 13-28 - The First Battle of the Aisne.
- September 17 - Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
- September 26 - The US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) established by the Federal Trade Commission Act.
- September 30 - Flying Squadron established to promote temperance movement.
- October 9 - World War I: Siege of Antwerp - Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
- October 13 - Boston Braves beat the Philadelphia Athletics 3-1, to win baseball's World Series.
- October 29 - World War I: Ottoman warships shell Russian Black Sea ports: Russia, France, and Britain declare war on November 1-5.

November-December


- November 1 - World War I: Battle of Coronel fought - A Royal Navy squadron commanded by Rear-Admiral Sir Christopher Cradock is met and defeated by the superior German forces led by Vice-Admiral Graf Maximilian von Spee. This is the first British naval defeat of the war.
- November 4 - Britain and France declare war on Turkey.
- November 5 - The United Kingdom annexes Cyprus, and together with France declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
- November 16 - A year after being created by passage of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve Bank of the United States officially opens for business.
- November 23 - US troops withdraw from Veracruz. Venustiano Carranza's troops take over and Carranza makes the town his headquarters
- November 28 - World War I: Following a war-induced closure in July, the New York Stock Exchange re-opens for bond trading.
- December 7 - Federation of Oriental Jews founds the Oriental Jewish Community of New York

Unknown dates


- Marcus Garvey in Jamaica founds Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
- First everyday items made of stainless steel come into public circulation.
- French Buddhist Alexandra David-Neel is the first European woman to visit Tibet (in disguise).
- Jehovah's Witnesses claim October of this year to be the end of the Gentile Times and the beginning of Jesus Christ's rule in Heaven.
- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi returns to India from South Africa to spearhead the Indian independence movement.
- W. H. Carrier patents design of an air conditioner.
- The capital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China is moved from Guilin to Nanning.

Ongoing events


- World War I (1914-1918)
- Assyrian Genocide (1914-(1922)
- Mexican Revolution

Births

January-February


- January 1 - Noor Inayat Khan, World War II heroine (d. 1944)
- January 4 - Jane Wyman, American actress
- January 5 - George Reeves, American actor (d. 1959)
- January 6 - Danny Thomas, American singer, actor, and comedian (d. 1991)
- January 14 - Harold Russell, Canadian actor (d. 2002)
- January 15 - Hugh Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, English historian (d. 2003)
- January 17 - William Stafford, Aerican poet and pacifist (d. 1993)
- January 18 - Arno Schmidt, German author (d. 1979)
- January 30 - John Ireland, Canadian-born actor (d. 1992)
- January 30 - David Wayne, American actor (d. 1995)
- January 31 - Jersey Joe Walcott, American boxer (d. 1994)
- February 4 - Alfred Andersch, German writer (d. 1980)
- February 4 - Ida Lupino, English actress, director, and writer (d. 1995)
- February 5 - William S. Burroughs, American author (d. 1997)
- February 5 - Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, British scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
- February 6 - Thurl Ravenscroft, American voice actor (d. 2005)
- February 9 - Ernest Tubb, American singer (d. 1984)
- February 11 - Matt Dennis, American singer (d. 2002)
- February 12 - Tex Beneke, American musician and band leader (d. 2000)
- February 19 - Jacques Dufilho, French comedian and actor (d. 2005)
- February 22 - Renato Dulbecco, Italian-born virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- February 23 - Theofiel Middelkamp, Dutch cyclist (d. 2005)
- February 24 - Zachary Scott, American actor (d. 1965)

March-April


- March 1 - Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
- March 2 - Martin Ritt, American director (d. 1990)
- March 6 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (d. 1981)
- March 8 - Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich, Russian physicist (d.1987)
- March 13 - Edward O'Hare, American pilot (d. 1943)
- March 14 - Bill Owen, English actor (d. 1999)
- March 17 - Sammy Baugh, American football player
- March 19 - Jay Berwanger, American football player (d. 2002)
- March 25 - Norman Borlaug, American agricultural scientist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- March 26 - William Westmoreland, U.S. general (d. 2005)
- March 28 - Edmund Muskie, American politician (d. 1996)
- March 30 - Sonny Boy Williamson, American musician (d. 1948)
- March 31 - Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
- April 2 - Alec Guinness, English actor (d. 2000)
- April 4 - Marguerite Duras, French author and director (d. 1996)
- April 4 - Frances Langford, American singer and actress (d. 2005)
- April 11 - Robert Stanfield, Premier of Nova Scotia (d. 2003)
- April 22 - Jan de Hartog, Dutch writer (d. 2002)
- April 25 - Ross Lockridge, Jr., American writer (d. 1948)
- April 26 - Bernard Malamud, American author (d. 1986)
- April 26 - Lilian Rolfe, French-born World War II heroine (d. 1945)

May-June


- May - Arnold Gerschwiler, Swiss figure skating trainer (d. 2003)
- May 8 - Romain Gary, Russian-born writer and diplomat (d. 1980)
- May 9 - Hank Snow, Canadian country musician (d. 1999)
- May 12 - Bertus Aafjes, Dutch poet (d. 1993)
- May 12 - Howard K. Smith, American journalist (d. 2002)
- May 13 - Joe Louis, American boxer (d. 1981)
- May 18 - Boris Christoff, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 1993)
- May 19 - Go Seigen, Japanese go player
- May 19 - Max Perutz, Austrian-born molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2002)
- May 22 - Vance Packard, American author (d. 1996)
- May 22 - Sun Ra, American musician (d. 1993)
- May 28 - W. G. G. Duncan Smith, British World War II pilot (d. 1996)
- June 3 - Roy Glenn, American actor (d. 1971)
- June 15 - Yuri Andropov, Soviet politician (d. 1984)
- June 19 - Alan Cranston, U.S. Senator (d. 2000)
- June 19 - Harry Lauter, American actor (d. 1990)
- June 21 - William Vickrey, Canadian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
- June 29 - Rafael Kubelik, Czech-born conductor (d. 1996)

July-September


- July 2 - Frederick Fennell, American conductor (d. 2004)
- July 8 - Sarah P. Harkness, American architect.
- July 15 - Hammond Innes, English author (d. 1998)
- July 19 - John Kenneth Macalister, Canadian World War II hero (d. 1944)
- July 19 - Marius Russo, baseball player (d. 2005)
- July 10 - Joe Shuster, Canadian-born comic book creator, Co-creator of Superman (d. 1992)
- July 30 - Lord Killanin, Irish president of the International Olympic Committee (d. 1999)
- August 2 - Beatrice Straight, American actress (d. 2001)
- August 9 - Tove Jansson, Finnish author (d. 2001)
- August 10 - Jeff Corey, American actor (d. 2002)
- August 15 - Paul Rand, American graphic designer (d. 1996)
- August 17 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1988)
- August 17 - Gabrielle Weidner, Belgian World War II heroine (d. 1945)
- August 26 - Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (d. 1984)
- September 5 - Sor Isolina Ferré, Puerto Rican Catholic nun (d. 2000)
- September 10 - Robert Wise, American film producer (d. 2005)
- September 11 - Sidney Hart, British trade unionist and religious administrator (d. 2005)
- September 12 - Desmond Llewelyn, Welsh actor (d. 1999)
- September 12 - Janusz Zurakowski, Polish-born pilot (d. 2004)
- September 14 - Clayton Moore, American actor (d. 1999)
- September 15 - Creighton Williams Abrams, U.S. general (d. 1974)
- September 15 - Adolfo Bioy Casares, Argentinian writer (d. 1999)
- September 16 - Allen Funt, American television show host (d. 1999)
- September 23 - Bethsabée de Rothschild, English philanthropist and patron of dance (d. 1999)

October-December


- October 1 - Daniel J. Boorstin, American historian, writer, and Librarian of Congress (d. 2004)
- October 4 - Jim Cairns, Australian politician (d. 2003)
- October 6 - Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian explorer (d. 2002)
- October 10 - Tommy Fine, baseball player (d. 2005)
- October 14 - Raymond Davis Jr., American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- October 14 - Dick Durrance, American skier (d. 2004)
- October 16 - Zahir Shah, King of Afghanistan
- October 17 - Jerry Siegel, American comic book creator, Co-creator of Superman (d. 1996)
- October 21 - Martin Gardner, American writer on mathematics and games
- October 27 - Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (d. 1953)
- October 28 - Jonas Salk, American medical scientist (d. 1995)
- October 28 - Richard Laurence Millington Synge, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
- November 11 - Howard Fast, American novelist and television writer (d. 2003)
- November 13 - Alberto Lattuada, Italian film director (d. 2005)
- November 20 - Charles Berlitz, American author (d. 2003)
- November 25 - Joe DiMaggio, American baseball player (d. 1999)
- December 10 - Dorothy Lamour, American actress (d. 1996)
- December 12 - Patrick O'Brian, British writer (d. 2000)
- December 14 - Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichordist (d. 2003)
- December 24 - Herbert Reinecker, German writer
- December 26 - Richard Widmark, American actor
- December 29 - Billy Tipton, American musician (d. 1989)
- December 30 - Bert Parks, American singer and actor (d. 1992)

Deaths


- January 18 - Georges Picquart, French general and Minister of war (b. 1854)
- February 24 - Joshua Chamberlain, American Civil War general (b. 1828)
- March 1 - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (b. 1845)
- March 6 - George Washington Vanderbilt II, American businessman (b. 1862)
- March 16 - Charles Albert Gobat, Swiss politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)
- March 19 - Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (b. 1850)
- March 25 - Frédéric Mistral, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
- April 1 - Rube Waddell, baseball player (b. 1876)
- April 2 - Paul von Heyse, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1830)
- April 7 - Ayub Khan, Afghan military leader (b. 1857)
- May 2 - John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, husband of Princess Louise of the United Kingdom (b. 1845)
- June 14 - Adlai E. Stevenson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1835)
- June 21 - Bertha von Suttner, Austrian writer and pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1843)
- June 28 - Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1873)
- June 28 - Archduchess Sophie Chotek, wife of Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1868)
- July 2 - Joseph Chamberlain, British politician (b. 1836)
- July 31 - Jean Jaurès, French pacifist (assassinated) (b. 1859)
- August 4 - Hubertine Auclert, French feminist (b. 1848)
- August 12 - John Philip Holland, Irish developer of the submarine (b. 1840)
- August 20 - Pope Pius X (b. 1835)
- August 30 - Aleksander Samsonov, Russian general (b. 1859)
- September 3 - Albéric Magnard, French composer (b. 1865)
- September 26 -August Macke, German painter (b. 1887)
- October 10 - King Carol I of Romania (b. 1839)
- November 3 - Georg Trakl, Austrian poet(b. 1887)
- November 11 - A. E. J. Collins, British cricketer and soldier (b. 1885)
- November 14 - Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts of Kandahar, British field marshal (b. 1832)
- December 24 - John Muir, American naturalist (b. 1838)

Nobel Prizes


- Physics - Max von Laue
- Chemistry- Theodore William Richards
- Medicine - Rober