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Chapón
Chapón (Nippon/Nihon 日本, senificau literal: "l'orichen d'o sol") ye un país d'Asia formato por un archipielago clabato entre l'Ozián Pazifico y o Mar d'o Chapón, á l'este d'a peninsula de Corea. Conoxiu como "A Tierra d'o Sol Naxién", o Chapón ye autualmén una potenzia economica con treze sieglos d'istoria y una cultura mui siñalata.
O nome ofizial d'o país ye Nihon-koku, u Nippon-koku (日本国), que senifica "Estau de Chapón".
Category:Chapón
Category:ONU
als:Japan
ja:日本
ko:일본
ms:Jepun
simple:Japan
th:ประเทศญี่ปุ่น
zh-min-nan:Ji̍t-pún
Asia
Asia ye una d'as partis que, chunto con Europa, forma lo subcontinén d'Eurasia. Ye una d'as mayors arias cheograficas d'o planeta Tierra, y s'estendilla en a metá oriental de l'Emisferio Norte, dende l'Ozián Glazial Artico por o Norte dica l'Ozián Indico por o Sur. Por l'este arriba dica l'Ozián Pazifico y por l'ueste dic'os Mons Urals.
category:Asia
category:Continén
ja:アジア
ko:아시아
ms:Asia
simple:Asia
th:ทวีปเอเชีย
zh-min-nan:A-chiu
Ozián Pazifico
L'Ozián Pazifico ye a masa d'augua más gran d'a Tierra, ocupando a terzera parti d'a suya superfizie. S'estendilla alto u baxo
15.000 km dend'o Mar de Bering en l'Artico por o norte, dic'os
margins conchelaus d'o Mar de Ross en l'Antartida por o sur. Adube o suyo mayor amplo (de l'orden de 19.800 km), a alto u baxo 5 graus de latitú norte, estendillando-se dende Indonesia dic'a costa de Colombia. A muga ozidental de l'ozián ye l'Estreito de Malaca.
O Pazifico contien alto u baxo 25.000 islas (más que toz os demás ozians d'o mundo combinatos), cuasi todas son clabadas a lo sur d'a ringla d'o Ecuador. O Pazifico cubre un aria de 179.7 millons de km². O punto más baxo d' a superfizie d'a crosta terrestre, a Fuesa d'as Marianas, se troba en o Pazifico.
O primer europeyo que alufró a inmensidá de l'Ozián Pazifico estió lo fidalgo y esplorador español Vasco Núñez de Balboa, quí o diya 25 de setiembre de 1513 dimpués d'aber prenito posesión d'as suyas auguas en nome d'os reis de Castiella, li otorgó o nome de Mar d'o Sur a la graniza amplaria d'augua que atisbó dende una tuca clabada en l'estreito de Panamá.
O suyo nome autual ye obra d'o nabegán portugués Fernando de Magallanes.
L'esplorador portugués Fernando de Magallanes mientres a suya espedizión arredol d'o mundo a lo serbizio d'a Corona d'España, nombró a iste ozián pazifico pos mientres a mayoría d'o suyo biache dende l'Estreito de Magallanes dic'as Filipinas, lo trobó en calma. Sin dembargo, o Pazifico no perén fa onor a o suyo nome, pos asobén os tifons, os oracáns y os tierratremos zumban as islas d'iste ozián y os litorals continentals.
Beyer tamién
- Mar del Sur
- Chile
- Hawai
- Chapón
- Perú
- Ozián
Enrastres esternos
- [http://www.southpacific.org/ South Pacific Organizer]
- [http://www.mapsouthpacific.com/ Map South Pacific]
- [http://www.pacific-pictures.com/ Pacific Pictures]
Category:Ozians
ja:太平洋
ko:태평양
simple:Pacific Ocean
th:มหาสมุทรแปซิฟิก
zh-min-nan:Thài-pêng-iûⁿ
Category:ONUArticlo prenzipal: Organizazión d'as Nazions Unitas(ONU)
Category:Organizazions internazionals y rechionals
ja:Category:国際連合
ko:분류:국제 연합
th:Category:สหประชาชาติ
zh-min-nan:Category:Liân-ha̍p-kok Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands
Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands (in Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur) is a province entirely separated by the Strait of Magellan from mainland Argentina on the Isla Grande of Tierra del Fuego, which it shares with Chile to the west. Besides the Argentine part of Tierra del Fuego, the province encompasses Argentine claims to Antarctica, and to the Falkland Islands, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, which are administered by the United Kingdom. The province is usually called just "Tierra del Fuego" because it is de facto confined mainly to that island's eastern half. Argentines refer to the Falkland Islands by their Spanish name Islas Malvinas (itself a translation of French Malouines, (i.e. "of Saint-Malo", referring to the place of origin of many of the early whalers and sailors that frequented the archipelago). This is often a sensitive point since in Argentina the name Falklands is not viewed as a translation but as a reassertion of United Kingdom's sovereignty over the territory.
History
The youngest of the Argentine provinces was first inhabited around 12,000 years ago. When the first Europeans arrived, they encountered a population of about 10,000 indigenous people belonging to four different tribes: Yamana, Alakaluf, Selk'nam and Manek'enk. Within fifty years after discovery, only about 350 natives remained after diseases and exploitation ravaged their tribes. The provincial capital city is Ushuaia, from a native word meaning "bay towards the end".
The territory was discovered in 1520 by the expedition of Ferdinand Magellan, who named the place first Land of Smokes and later Land of Fire, as he saw what were probably the fires produced by the local aborigines for heat.
Juan de Alderete in 1555 and later Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa intended to found settlements in the area, but the inclemency of the weather and the constant attacks of British pirates, who took Sarmiento de Gamboa prisoner, frustrated their ambitions.
Spanish, Dutch, British and French explorers ventured on Tierra del Fuego island and the nearby seas. Gabriel de Castilla passed through before discovering the Antarctica, while Fitz Roy, and Charles Darwin explored this land and other parts of Patagonia.
In 1820 Argentina established a penal colony at Puerto Soledad on the Falkland Islands, but the British 1833 invasion of the Falkland Islands forced governor Luis Vernet and the inhabitants of Puerto Soledad off the island.
Luis Piedrabuena installed a base in San Juan de Salvamento on Isla de los Estados island. After accepting Argentine sovereignty, the Briton Thomas Bridges founded an Anglican mission in Ushuaia in 1870, and shortly thereafter Salesians missioneraries founded Río Grande.
In 1884 the Government of Tierra del Fuego was created, which already included an section of Antarctica, and the Islands of the Southern Atlantic. During this time, the meridian 68 36'38 was defined as the boundary between the Chilean and the Argentine sides of the island.
The southern part of the Beagle Channel was an issue of conflict between both states, specially regarding three small islands: Picton, Lennox and Nueva, which were given to Chile by decision of the mediating British Crown and revised by Pope John Paul II.
The gold fever started in Tierra del Fuego around 1883. Many Croatians from the Dalmatian coast arrived to these lands in search of gold. The rush for gold brought with it some progress such as the telegraph in addition to a wave of immigrants. Although by 1910 the gold fever had died along with the exhaustion of the precious metal's sources, most of the pioneers stayed.
With the creation of the Gobernación Marítima de Tierra del Fuego in 1943, construction of naval bases began in Ushuaia and Río Grande, as well as an airport and other infrastructure. This brought a significant number of immigrants from Argentina and other countries.
It was not before 1990 that the Territorio Nacional de la Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur was declared a province, and receiving its first governor 2 years later.
Geography and climate
The province can be geographically divided into 3 distinct areas: the Tierra del Fuego island, the Argentine Antarctica, and the Islands of the South Atlantic.
Tierra del Fuego Island
:See also Tierra del Fuego
There are low mountains and sandy beaches at the north of the island, ascending to the south. The north is somewhat similar to the steppe of the Santa Cruz Province. In the middle of the island, the end of the Andes mountain system runs horizontally, and its highest peak, Mount Cornú, rises only 1490 meters. There are a number of short rivers (Grande, Moneta, Ona, Lasifashaj, etc.), and due to the low temperature, there are many small glaciers that descend towards the sea. The annual average temperature of the island is 5.3 ºC, with precipitation of 300 mm in the north and 550 mm in the south.
Argentine Antarctica
:See also Argentine Antarctica
Argentine Antarctica
The part of Antarctica claimed by Argentina is formed by a long peninsula, and a gulf of which half remains frozen all year round. The highest peak of this section of the continent is Monte Chiriguano, at 3360 meters. The weather is normally cold and windy.
Islands of the South Atlantic
:See also Falkland Islands
Most of the islands of the Southern Atlantic present a more humid climate, except for the Falkland Islands. For instance, the Año Nuevo and Isla de los Estados islands have a dense vegetation of low forests of lenga and ñire.
An arid steppe covers the Falkland Islands, which receive less precipitation than other islands closer to the continent, and is constantly swept by strong winds.
Economy
The province of Tierra del Fuego benefits from certain tax benefits that support industry and immigration to less populated areas.
In addition, it is one of the most prosperous provinces in Argentina, in terms of standard of living, after the autonomous city of Buenos Aires, and the province of Santa Cruz.
Recently, in the city of Río Grande, many international and Argentine companies, most notably the Korean company Samsung and the Argentine company Teltron, have installed factories that produce high-definition televisions (HDTV), mass production of CD-ROM-related articles, and low-cost GSM cell phones built mainly from Argentine components.
Sheep are still the main source of wool, meat and leather throughout the province except for Argentine Antarctica, where there are no commercial enterprises.
A number of factories have opened on Tierra del Fuego Island to take advantage of the tax benefits legislated in 1972, mainly of home appliances and electronics.
Hydrocarbons are extracted on Tierra del Fuego Island, and some companies have been searching extraction points, not only in the Falkland Islands but also in the waters between the islands and the American continent.
Tourism is gaining importance on Tierra del Fuego island, and the region offers mountains, glaciers, forests, fast rivers, waterfalls, a ski centre, and the sea, all within short distances. Both Jules Verne and Darwin were fascinated by the beauties of the island.
The most visited destinations include Ushuaia, the Tierra del Fuego National Park, Fagnano Lake, Museum of the End of the World, Les Eclaireus lighthouse, the old jail, and the Isla de los Estados.
The Argentine Antarctica started receiving tourists a short time ago. Tourists can see wildlife at the Argentine Marambio Base during the summer.
The Falkland Islands gained notoriety after the Falkland War, but very few tourists adventure to the islands.
Political division
The province is divided in 4 departments (Spanish: departamentos), only the first two of which are under the effective control of Argentina:
# Ushuaia (capital Ushuaia)
# Río Grande (capital Río Grande)
# Antártida Argentina: South of the 60° S parallel of latitude and therefore claims suspended under the Antarctic Treaty, sector of Antarctica between 25°W to 74°W, uninhabited apart from staff of scientific bases) (capital Esperanza). The South Orkney Islands, which are also South of the 60° S parallel of latitude and therefore claims suspended under the Antarctic Treaty, are however considered part of the department Islas del Atlántico Sur
# Islas del Atlántico Sur: Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, British overseas territories claimed by Argentina, and South Orkney Islands, which South of the 60° S parallel of latitude and therefore claims suspended under the Antarctic Treaty
See also
- Tierra del Fuego Island
- Tierra del Fuego Province, Chile
External link
- [http://www.tierradelfuego.gov.ar/ Tierra del Fuego provincial government homepage] (in Spanish)
- [http://www.tierradelfuego.org.ar/ Tierra del Fuego tourist information] (English and Spanish)
Category:Provinces of Argentina
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