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Fundamentalista

Fundamentalista

FUNDAMENTALISMO (n) [Fun-da-men-ta-lì-smo] --------------------------- Definition: Le adjectivo "fundamentalista" es hodie frequentemente utilisate in le pressa. Infelicemente, iste termino ha essite utilisate pro describer phenomenos tanto diverse uno del alteres, que nemo pare saper plus lo que exactemente illo significa. Hodie on refere se a "fundamentalismo" pro describer alicun sorta de credentia religiose traditional [radical e aggressive], mesmo si se tracta de un predicator televisive baptista, un rabbin hasidic, un femina mormon, o un soldato del Jihad islamic. Assi, le termino "fundamentalista" deveniva quasi inutile. Quando illo es usate in le contexto historic del America del Nord, tamen, il ha precedentes pro le utilisation de iste termino, le quales restabli un senso de cohesion descriptive. Le Fundamentalismo esseva un movimento que surgeva in le tarde 19e seculo e in le preste 20e seculo intra le Protestantismo american, le qual reageva sia contra le theologia "modernista" e le critica biblic, sia contra le cambios del scena cultural e social del Statos Unite. Illo prendeva su nomine de "Le fundamentales" (The Fundamentals), 1910-15, un serie de essayos in 15 volumines, projectate pro contrastar le theologia liberal. Iste movimento cresceva multo de post le prime guerra mundial. Durante le annos 1920, le fundamentalistas luctava contra le modernismo in tres manieras, per essayar, primo, de reprender le controlo (sin successo) del denominationes protestante, agentias missionari e seminarios; secundo: per supportar (con un poco de successo) le Prohibitionismo, le leges pro le respecto del reposo dominical e altere actiones pro defender le moralitate e sensibilitate traditional del Protestantismo; e, tertio (con relative successo) per essayar de haltar le inseniamento del hypothese evolutionista in le scholas public, un doctrina que illes videva inextricabilemente associate al alte critica "german" e al fonte del Grande Guerra. Iste ultime strategia resultava in le insuccesso del infame processo Scopes del 1925 (plus tarde representate in un film multo poco accurate, "Inherit the Wind"), in le qual un inseniante de biologia de Dayton (MN) esseva accusate de inseniar illegalmente le evolutionismo a su classe. Le atmosphera de circo que se creava, discreditava le movimento al oculos del intellecttuales e del medios, e resultava in le subsequente disparition del fundamentalismo del scena cultural nordamerican. Desde de annos 1940, le termino "fundamentalista" perveniva a denotar un stylo particularmente aggressive ligate al conviction que le separation ab le decadentia cultural e apostasia del ecclesias liberal, es le signo meritori de distinction del fidelitate a Christo. Le major parte hodie del ecclesias que se describe como "fundamentalista" es ecclesias baptista separatista (que sovente se appella "ecclesias biblic"), gruppos como le General Association of Regular Baptist Churches (GARBC), or le Independent Fundamental Churches of America (IFCA). Institutiones associate a iste movimento include le Bob Jones University (Greenville, SC) e le Tennessee Temple (Chattanooga, TN). Publicationes representative es: The Sword of the Lord and The Biblical Evangelist. ---------------- Vide: Theologia relational.

Mormon

Definition

Le Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies es un communitate christian con 12.300.000 de membros in tote le mundo e un crescite medie annue de 300.000 (estimation de 2005). Le termino mormon, generalmente usate pro referer se al membros de iste ecclesia, deriva del nomine del propheta Mormon un del autores del Libro de Mormon.

Doctrina

A Joseph Smith esseva demandate qual esseva le doctrinas fundamental del Ecclesia. Ille resumeva le inseniamentos e le doctrinas in 13 punctos fundamentales que es cognoscite como le Articulos de Fide.
# Nos crede in Deo, le Patre Eterne, e in Su Filio Jesus Christo e in le Spirito Sancte. # Nos crede que le homines essera punite pro lor proprie peccatos e non pro le transgression de Adam. # Nos crede que per medio del expiation de Christo tote le humanitate pote esser salvate, per medio del obedientia al leges e al ordinantias del Evangelio. # Nos crede que le prime principios e le prime ordinantias del Evangelio es: primo, le fide in le Senior Jesus Christo; secundo, le repententia; tertio, le baptismo per immersion pro le remission del peccatos; quarto, le imposition del manos per le dono del Spirito Sancte. # Nos crede que un homine debe esser appellate per Deo, per prophetia, e per medio del imposition del manos per illes que detene le autoritate, pro predicar le Evangelio e pro administrar le ordinantias. # Nos crede in le mesme organisation que existeva in le ecclesia primitive, i.e.: apostolos, prophetas, pastores, inseniantes, evangelistas etc. # Nos crede in le dono del linguas, del prophetia, del revelation, del visiones, del cura, del interpretation del linguas etc. # Nos crede que le Biblia es le parola de Deo, per quanto illo es traducite correctemente; nos crede anque que le Libro de Mormon es le parola de Deo. # Nos crede in toto que Deo ha revelate, in toto que ille revela nunc, e nos crede que Ille revelara ancora multe cosas grande e importante relative al Regno de Deo. # Nos crede in le reunion litteral de Israel e in le restauration del dece tribos, que Sion (le Nove Jerusalem) essera edificate in le continente american, que Christo regnara personalmente sur le terra e que le terra essera renovate e recipera su gloria paradisiac. # Nos revindica le privilegio de adorar le Deo Omnipotente secundo le dictamine de nostre conscientia e nos recognosce a tote le homines le mesme privilegio: que illes pote adorar como, ubi o lo que illes desidera. # Nos crede de deber esser subjectos al reges, al presidentes, al governantes e al magistratos, de deber obedir, honorar e sustener le leges. # Nos crede de deber esser honeste, fidel, caste, benevole e virtuose e in facer le ben a tote le homines. In veritate nos pote dicer de sequer le admonition del apostolo Paulo: Nos crede in omne cosa, nos spera omne cosa, nos ha supportate multe cosas e nos spera de esser capace de supportar omne cosa. Si il ha cosas virtuose, amabile, de bon reputation o digne de laude, istes es le cosas que nos cerca.

Historia

Le Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies esseva organisate le 6 de april 1830 in Fayette, New York in le Statos Unite de America, illo non face parte del protestantismo, le mormones sustene que illo es le primitive ecclesia restaurate del Senior Jesus Christo in iste ultime dies con le scopo de edificar le regno de Deo sur le terra ante le secunde venita del Salvator.

Ligamines externe


- http://www.lds.org — Le sito official del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies (in multilingue)
- http://www.mormon.org — sito official multilingue
- http://www.nauvoo.it — sito non official in lingua italian
- http://www.mormoni.info — sito non official in lingua italian
- http://www.familysearch.org — sito official in lingua anglese sur le genealogia
- http://www.mormoni.pl — sito official in lingua polac
- http://members.aol.com/nomhawj/viet/mission.html — sito non official in lingua vietnamese
- http://www.book-of-mormon.narod.ru/ — sito non official in lingua ukranian
- http://mormonsud.8m.com/ — sito non official in lingua espaniol
- http://www.volny.cz/cjksnd/ — sito non official in lingua slovac
- http://www.ldsfriend.com/ — sito non official in lingua russe
- http://ijcsud.aller.com/testjossmit.htm — sito non official in lingua portugese
- http://www.ldslodz.prv.pl/ — sito non official in lingua polac
- http://www.jesu-kristi-kirke.no/ — sito non official in lingua norvegian
- http://www.mormone.de/ — sito non official in lingua german
- http://perso.wanadoo.fr/sdj/ — sito non official in lingua francese
- http://www.mapkirkko.fi/ — sito non official in lingua finnese
- http://my.tele2.ee/lds/ — sito non official in lingua estonian
- http://www.kerkvanjezuschristus.nl/ — sito non official in lingua hollandese
- http://www.kitto.cc/danish/ — sito non official in lingua danese
- http://tcojcolds.it1999.com/ — sito non official in lingua chinese
- http://www.arablds.net/ — sito non official in lingua arabe
- http://www.cumorah.com/language/scrisoarea.html — sito non official in lingua romanian Category:Mormones ja:末日聖徒イエス・キリスト教会 zh-min-nan:Iâ-so• Ki-tok Āu-kî Sèng-tô· Kàu-hōe

Jihad Islamic

Jihad

Modernismo

Modernismo. Rationalismo del 17e seculo que culminava in le 1800 in le negation del possibilitate del supernatural. Illo repulsava le Biblia como divin e inerrante, e substitueva le Christianismo con le scientias moderne e systemas politic altruistic. Essentialmente hic le homine es su proprie salvator. Simile a Naturalismo.

Protestantismo

---- PROTESTANTISMO [pro-test-tan-tís-mo] ---- Etymologia ab le lat. pro, in favor de, e testari, testificar = testificar al veritate (biblic) contra su oppositores. Definition: # Termino usate in le periodo immediatemente successive al Dieta de Spyra (1529) pro designar illes qui “protestava” contra le practicas e credentias del Ecclesia catholic-roman. Ante al 1529, tal individuos e gruppos refereva a se mesme como “evangelicos”. Exegese: Le Protestantismo in le stricte senso del parola face referentia al gruppo de citates imperial e principes qui al "dieta de Speyer" in 1529 firmava un protestation contra le Edicto de Worms le qual prohibeva le inseniantias Lutheran in le Imperio Sacre Roman. De illac, le parola "Protestante" in germano ancora se refere al ecclesias Lutheran in contraste con le ecclesias Reformate, durante que le designation commun pro omne ecclesias originante ab le Reformation es evangelic. In senso plus amplie, le parola "Protestantismo" es qualque del gruppos christian de origine West Europee, que se appartava del ecclesia catholic a causa del influentia de Martin Luther, le fundator del ecclesia Lutheran, e John Calvin, le fundator del movimento Calvinista. Un tertie branca major del Reformation, que se incontrava con conflicto ab ambe le catholicos e altere protestantes, es alcun vices nominate le Reformation Radical, o le Anabaptismo. Alcun gruppos christian occidental ma non-catholic son nominate como protestante, mesmo si ille secta non recognosce un connexion con le ideologias de Luthero o Calvin, o le anabaptistas.

Origines del Protestantismo

Le protestantes generalmente tracia lor separation ab le Ecclesia Catholic Roman al seculo XVI, lo que es alcun vices nominate le Reformation magisterial proque initialmente illo proponeva numerose revisiones radical al standards doctrinal del Ecclesia Catholic Roman (appellate le magisterium). Le protesta eruptava subindemente, in multe sitos al mesme tempore, con le distinctive characteristicas national in le varie regiones in le quales illo appariva. A un certe grado, iste explosion de protesta pote esser explicate per le eventos del duo seculos previe in le Europa Occidental. Discontento in le Ecclesia Occidental e le Imperio, que culminava in le Papato de Avignon (1308 - 1378), e depois in le schismo papal (1378-1416), excitava guerras inter principes, sublevamentos per le paisanos, et extense anxietate super le corruption in le systema monastic. Additionalmente, le Renascentia humanistic stimulava le fermento academic sin precedente, con un accompaniante preoccupation pro le libertate academic. Sincer debattos theoretic
    - Traduction in processo
    - excited wars between princes, uprisings among the peasants, and widespread concern over corruption in the monastic system. In addition, the humanistic Renaissance was stimulating an unprecedented academic ferment, with a concomitant concern for academic freedom. Earnest theoretical debates were ongoing in the universities concerning the nature of the church, and the proper source and extent of the authority of the papacy, of councils, and of princes. One of the most disruptive and radical of the new perspectives came first from John Wyclif at Oxford and then from Jan Hus at the University of Prague. Within the Roman Catholic Church, this debate was officially concluded by the Council of Constance (1414-1418), which executed Jan Hus, and posthumously burned Wyclif as a heretic. However, while Constance confirmed and strengthened the Medieval conception of church and empire, it could not entirely resolve the national tensions, nor the theological tensions which had been stirred up during the previous century. Among other things, the council could not prevent schism and the Hussite Wars in Bohemia. To some extent, the protest that began when Luther, an Augustinian monk and professor at the University of Wittenberg, called for reopening of debate on the sale of indulgences (or as tradition holds, literally nailed his 95 theses to the door of the Wittenberg Church). It was a sudden outbreak with new and irresistible force of discontent which had been pushed underground but not resolved. Parallel to events in Germany, a movement began in Switzerland under the leadership of Huldreich Zwingli. These two movements quickly agreed on most issues, as the recently introduced printing press spread ideas rapidly from place to place but some unsolved differences kept them separate. Some followers of Zwingli believed that the Reformation was too conservative, and moved independently toward more radical positions, some of which survive among modern day Anabaptists. Other Protestant movements grew up along lines of mysticism or humanism (cf. Erasmus), sometimes breaking from Rome or from the Protestants, or forming outside of the churches. After this first stage of the Reformation, following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere. The separation of the Church of England from Rome under Henry VIII, beginning in 1529 and completed in 1536, brought England alongside the Reformation. However, change in England proceeded more conservatively than elsewhere in Europe and alternated between traditional and Protestant sympathies for centuries, progressively forging a stable compromise. Thus, the West was permanently divided into Catholic and Protestant.

Basic Theological Tenets

Four Latin slogans of the Protestant Reformation express the principal theological concerns. See also five solas.
- Solus Christus: Jesus Christ alone. :Jesus Christ (God) is the only referent for adoration and worship. Some believe that Catholics worship saints as well, apparently from the prominent display of statues and images of the saints in Catholic churches and homes, but this belief is in error. Catholics honor saints, and worship God alone.
- Sola Scriptura: Scripture alone. :Against the Catholic view which decided orthodoxy by interpretation of the writings of the Fathers and doctors of the church, through the decisions of councils and the declarations of the bishop of Rome, the Protestants argued that the Bible alone is the Word of God, self-interpreting, and the foundation and test of authority for the Church.
- Sola fide: Faith alone. :In contrast to the Roman Catholic system of meritorious works, of penance and indulgences, masses for the dead, the treasury of the merits of saints and martyrs, a ministering priesthood, and purgatory, the Protestants argued that every believer is a priest, called to be a saint, and obtains reconciliation with God through faith in Jesus Christ, alone.
- Sola gratia: Grace alone. :Against the Roman Catholic view that faith and works are necessary to preserve the state of grace freely given by God, the Reformers posited that salvation is a gift from God dispensed through Jesus Christ, regardless of merit - for no one deserves salvation.

Lord's Supper

From the beginning, Protestantism was in agreement against the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation, which teaches that the substance of the bread and wine used in the sacrificial rite of the Mass, is exchanged for the substance of Christ's body and blood. However, they disagreed with one another concerning the manner in which the believer is united with Christ through the Eucharist. The Lutherans held to a theory called consubstantiation (affirming the substantial presence of Christ in or under the bread). The Reformed according to Zwingli see the Lord's Supper as a memorial ceremony, denying the substantial presence of Christ but affirming that Christ is united to the believer through faith (a view referred to somewhat derisively as memorialism). The Calvinists affirm the real presence of Christ in a manner different from Lutherans, saying that the Church has a new identity from Him in a manner analogous to naming the bread "my body", effecting a spiritual union with the Church, symbolized and given by means of the bread, by the Holy Spirit, through faith, but without changing the bread into Himself.

Major Influences on the Development of Protestantism

Protestants can be differentiated according to how they have been influenced by important movements since the magisterial Reformation and the Puritan Reformation in England. Some of these movements have a common lineage, sometimes directly spawning later movements in the same groups.

Holiness Movement and Pietism

The Holiness movement in the 17th and the 18th century, began after the English Puritan Reformation, joined on the continent of Europe the German Pietist movement, and returned to Britain in a changed form through John Wesley and the Methodist Church, as well as through smaller, new groups such as the Quakers. The practice of a spiritual life, often combined with social engagement, predominates in classical Pietism, which was a protest against the doctrine-centeredness Protestant Orthodoxy of the times, in favor of depth of religious experience.

Evangelicalism

Beginning at the end of 18th century, several international revivals of Pietism took place across denominational lines, which are referred to generally as the Evangelical movement. The chief emphases of this movement were individual conversion, personal piety and Bible study, public morality often including Temperance and family values, and Abolitionism, de-emphasis of formalism in worship and in doctrine, a broadened role for laity (including women) in worship, evangelism and teaching, and cooperation in evangelism across denominational lines.

Pentecostalism

Pentecostalism as a movement began in the United States early in the 20th century, starting especially within the Holiness movement. Seeking a return to the operation of New Testament gifts of the Holy Spirit, speaking in tongues as evidence of the "baptism of the Holy Ghost" became the leading feature. Divine healing and miracles were also emphasized. Pentecostalism swept through much of the Holiness movement, and eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations in the United States. A later "charismatic" movement also stressed the gifts of the Spirit, but often operated within existing denominations rather than coming out of them.

Liberalism

Liberalism is a label for various attempts to accommodate the doctrine and practice, especially of the main branches of the Protestant churches, to the principles of the Enlightenment. These adaptations achieved critical momentum at the end of the 19th century in the Modernist movement and the historical critical Bible exegesis.

Fundamentalism

In reaction to liberal Bible critique, Fundamentalism arose in the 20th century, primarily in the United States and Canada, among those denominations most affected by Evangelicalism. Fundamentalism placed primary emphasis on the authority and sufficiency of the Bible, and typically advised separation from error, and cultural conservatism, as important aspects of the Christian life.

Neo-Evangelicalism

Neo-evangelicalism is a movement from the middle of the 20th century, that reacted to perceived excesses of Fundamentalism, adding to concern for biblical authority an emphasis on liberal arts, co-operation among churches, Christian Apologetics, and non-denominational evangelicalization.

Protestant Denominations

Protestants often refer to specific Protestant churches and groups as denominations to imply that they are differently named parts of the whole church. Some denominations, though, are less accepting of others, and some are so unorthodox as to be questioned by most. But there are also denominations where the theological differences are very small. Other denominations are simply regional expressions of the same beliefs found in other places under other names. The actual number of distinct denominations is hard to calculate, but has been estimated to be in the tens of thousands. Various ecumenical movements have attempted cooperation or reorganization of Protestant churches, according to various models of union, but divisions continue to outpace unions. Most denominations claim to have a certain unity with other groups of Christians, but contain doctrines which fundamentally contradict each other.

Protestant Families of Denominations

Please note that only general families are listed here (tens of thousands of individual denominations exist):
- Anabaptist
- Anglican
- Baptist
- Calvinist/Reformed/Presbyterian
- Lutheran
- Methodist
- Pentecostal
- Unitarian (many Christians hold Unitarians not to be Christians at all due to the rejection of the godhead of Christ)

Well-known Protestant Religious Figures


- John Wesley, founder of the Methodist movement
- Billy Graham, American evangelist
- Jerry Falwell, American religious/political activist
- Desmond Tutu, Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town, peace activist
- Auguste Sabatier, founder of the French fideo-symbolist tendency and of the Institut de Théologie Protestante [ITP], in Paris (1872)
- Paul Tillich, Lutheran theologian, involved in Process Theology
- John B. Cobb, theologian, involved in Process Theology
- Martin Luther, Reformer, founder of Lutheranism
- Ulrich Zwingli, early Swiss religious reformer,
- John Calvin, Reformer, founder of Calvinism
- Philipp Melanchthon, early Lutheran leader
- John Knox, Scottish reformer,
- William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury under Charles I of England
- George Fox, Founder of the Society of Friends
- George Whitefield, Great Awakening reformist preacher
- Jonathan Edwards, Great Awakening reformist preacher
- Menno Simons, founder of Mennonitism
- Jacob Amman, founder of the Amish church
- Pat Robertson, American fundamentalist leader
- Ellen White, American prophetess, founder of Seventh-Day Adventism Vide tamben:
- Reformation, Reformation protestante
- Adventismo
- Anglicanismo
- Calvinismo, reformatos
- Evangelismo
- Lutheranismo
- Methodismo
- Unitarianismo Category:Protestantismo ja:プロテスタント ko:개신교 ms:Protestan

Fundamentalista

FUNDAMENTALISMO (n) [Fun-da-men-ta-lì-smo] --------------------------- Definition: Le adjectivo "fundamentalista" es hodie frequentemente utilisate in le pressa. Infelicemente, iste termino ha essite utilisate pro describer phenomenos tanto diverse uno del alteres, que nemo pare saper plus lo que exactemente illo significa. Hodie on refere se a "fundamentalismo" pro describer alicun sorta de credentia religiose traditional [radical e aggressive], mesmo si se tracta de un predicator televisive baptista, un rabbin hasidic, un femina mormon, o un soldato del Jihad islamic. Assi, le termino "fundamentalista" deveniva quasi inutile. Quando illo es usate in le contexto historic del America del Nord, tamen, il ha precedentes pro le utilisation de iste termino, le quales restabli un senso de cohesion descriptive. Le Fundamentalismo esseva un movimento que surgeva in le tarde 19e seculo e in le preste 20e seculo intra le Protestantismo american, le qual reageva sia contra le theologia "modernista" e le critica biblic, sia contra le cambios del scena cultural e social del Statos Unite. Illo prendeva su nomine de "Le fundamentales" (The Fundamentals), 1910-15, un serie de essayos in 15 volumines, projectate pro contrastar le theologia liberal. Iste movimento cresceva multo de post le prime guerra mundial. Durante le annos 1920, le fundamentalistas luctava contra le modernismo in tres manieras, per essayar, primo, de reprender le controlo (sin successo) del denominationes protestante, agentias missionari e seminarios; secundo: per supportar (con un poco de successo) le Prohibitionismo, le leges pro le respecto del reposo dominical e altere actiones pro defender le moralitate e sensibilitate traditional del Protestantismo; e, tertio (con relative successo) per essayar de haltar le inseniamento del hypothese evolutionista in le scholas public, un doctrina que illes videva inextricabilemente associate al alte critica "german" e al fonte del Grande Guerra. Iste ultime strategia resultava in le insuccesso del infame processo Scopes del 1925 (plus tarde representate in un film multo poco accurate, "Inherit the Wind"), in le qual un inseniante de biologia de Dayton (MN) esseva accusate de inseniar illegalmente le evolutionismo a su classe. Le atmosphera de circo que se creava, discreditava le movimento al oculos del intellecttuales e del medios, e resultava in le subsequente disparition del fundamentalismo del scena cultural nordamerican. Desde de annos 1940, le termino "fundamentalista" perveniva a denotar un stylo particularmente aggressive ligate al conviction que le separation ab le decadentia cultural e apostasia del ecclesias liberal, es le signo meritori de distinction del fidelitate a Christo. Le major parte hodie del ecclesias que se describe como "fundamentalista" es ecclesias baptista separatista (que sovente se appella "ecclesias biblic"), gruppos como le General Association of Regular Baptist Churches (GARBC), or le Independent Fundamental Churches of America (IFCA). Institutiones associate a iste movimento include le Bob Jones University (Greenville, SC) e le Tennessee Temple (Chattanooga, TN). Publicationes representative es: The Sword of the Lord and The Biblical Evangelist. ---------------- Vide: Theologia relational.

Crash (2005 film)

Crash is a 2004 drama film directed by Paul Haggis. It premiered at the Toronto Film Festival in September 2004, but was released internationally the following year. The film is a social commentary on racial and social tensions in Los Angeles, and has often been compared to Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing. It was a critical and box-office success in the early summer of 2005.

Plot summary

Two car accidents, two shootings, and a carjacking bring together a group of strangers in Los Angeles. The film switches between different storylines in a style reminiscent of Paul Thomas Anderson's 1999 movie Magnolia. Characters are from a wide range of ethnic backgrounds, and racism and sexism feature in many scenes. Tagline: Live your life at the point of impact.

Characters


- Jean is the wife of Rick, the district attorney of Los Angeles. The Brentwood housewife is paranoid of people who are of other races.
- Graham is a black police officer in the Los Angeles Police Department. He wants to prevent his brother, Peter, from going to prison.
- Officer Ryan is a racist police officer who molests Christine during a traffic stop. This causes his partner, Officer Hanson, to realize his partner's racist tendencies and ask to have his own beat. Officer Ryan is also trying to get help for his father, who has what the viewer is led to believe is prostate cancer misdiagnosed as a bladder infection.
- Ria is a police officer and Graham's girlfriend.
- Flanagan is a police officer and aid to Rick who talks Graham into accepting a corrupt deal.
- Rick is the district attorney of Los Angeles. He was carjacked with his wife Jean, and he spends the movie trying to save his political career by showing that he is racially sensitive and still tough on law-and-order issues.
- Cameron is a Los Angeles film director who witnesses his wife getting molested by Officer Ryan and is mentally shaky for most of the movie as a result.
- Anthony is a carjacker who sells stolen cars to a corrupt business. Anthony perceives racism in almost everything around him. Anthony's partner in crime is Peter, Graham's younger brother.
- Christine is the wife of Cameron, the Los Angeles film director. She is molested by Officer Ryan after she and Cameron are pulled over. She becomes very angry with her husband because he does not say anything while she is being molested, but later has another encounter with Officer Ryan.
- Officer Hanson is Officer Ryan's partner. Officer Hanson asks for a solo patrol after witnessing Officer Ryan molesting Christine. He cannot complain about Officer Ryan because of the risk that it would pose to his career.
- Daniel is a Mexican-American locksmith who faces discrimination from Jean and others. He is seeking a safe environment for his young daughter.
- Farhad is a Persian store owner who is afraid for his safety. He quickly becomes angry when he believes that people are cheating him.

Cast


- Sandra Bullock — Jean
- Don Cheadle — Graham
- Matt Dillon — Officer Ryan
- Jennifer Esposito — Ria
- William Fichtner — Flanagan
- Brendan Fraser — Rick
- Terrence Howard — Cameron
- Ludacris — Anthony (as Chris 'Ludacris' Bridges)
- Thandie Newton — Christine
- Ryan Phillippe — Officer Hanson
- Larenz Tate — Peter
- Tony Danza — Fred
- Keith David — Lt. Dixon
- Shaun Toub — Farhad
- Loretta Devine — Shaniqua Johnson
- Michael Peña — Daniel
- Bahar Soomekh — Dorri

See also


- 2005 in film

External links


- [http://www.crashfilm.com/ Official site]
- Category:2005 films Category:Crime films Category:Drama films Category:Race-related films

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Kathleen Hanna (Born 12 November 1969) is an American musician. She is the former lead singer of Bikini Kill (early 1990s) and current member of feminist electronic band Le Tigre. In 1998, Hanna released a solo album under the name Julie Ruin. Hanna has also written abou
Weak atheism
Weak atheism also called negative atheism or implicit atheism is the disbelief in the existence of God or gods, without a commitment to the necessary non-existence of God or gods. Weak atheism contrasts with strong or explicit atheism, which is the belief that God or gods do not exist, and theism, which asserts that there is at least one god. The weak atheist generally g
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