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List Of Forts In Vermont

List of forts in Vermont

The following is a list of forts in the U.S. state of Vermont.

List of forts


- Orlando Bridgman's Fort
- Josiah Sartwell's Fort
- Fort Dummer
- Brattleboro Barracks
- Fort Putney (also called Fort Hill)
- Fort Defiance
- Fort Rutland
- Fort Ranger
- Fort Warren
- Fort Vengeance
- Fort Mott
- Mount Independence
- Chimney Point
- Champlain Arsenal
- Fort Cassin
- Fort New Haven
- Battery Redoubt
- Fort Frederick
- Fort Ethan Allen
- Fort Sainte Anne
- Fort Loyal
- Camp Baxter (also known as Baxter Barracks)
- Cooke's Hill Fort

Sources


- [http://www.geocities.com/naforts/vt.html American Forts Network: Vermont] Forts in Vermont Vermont

U.S. state

A U.S. state is any one of the fifty states (four of which officially favor the term commonwealth) which, together with the District of Columbia and Palmyra Atoll (an uninhabited incorporated unorganized territory), form the United States of America. The separate state governments and the U.S. federal government share sovereignty, in that an "American" is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of residence. The United States Constitution allocates power between the two levels of government in general terms; the general idea is that by ratifying the Constitution, each state has transferred certain aspects of its sovereign powers to the federal government while retaining the remainder for itself. The tasks of education, health, transportation, and other infrastructure are generally the responsibility of the states. Over time, the Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization, with the federal government playing a much larger role than it once did.

Legal relationship

At the time of the Declaration of Independence from Great Britain in 1776, the 13 colonies became 13 independently sovereign states, which became fourteen in 1777 with the formation of the Vermont Republic; for a brief period, they were in effect legally separate nations. But upon the adoption of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, the states became a single sovereign political entity as defined by international law, empowered to levy war and to conduct international relations, albeit with a very loosely structured and inefficient central government. After the failure of the union under the Articles of Confederation, the thirteen states joined the modern union via ratification of the United States Constitution, beginning in 1789. Under Article IV of the Constitution, which outlines the relationship between the states, the Congress has the power to admit new states to the union. The states are required to give "full faith and credit" to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include the recognition of legal contracts, marriages, criminal judgments, and - at the time - slave status. The states are guaranteed military and civil defense by the federal government, which is also required to ensure that the government of each state remains a republic. The Constitution is silent on the issue of the secession of a state from the union. The Articles of Confederation had stated that the earlier union of the colonies "shall be perpetual", and the preamble to the Constitution states that Constitution was intended to "form a more perfect union". In 1860 and 1861, several states attempted to secede, but were brought back into the Union by force of arms during the Civil War. Subsequently, the federal judicial system, in the case of Texas v. White, established that states do not have the right to secede without the consent of the other states.
- Four of the states bear the formal title of Commonwealth: Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. In these cases, this is merely a name and has no legal effect. However, the United States has non-state areas called commonwealths (Puerto Rico and the Northern Marianas) which do have a legal status different from the states.
- States are free to organize their judicial systems differently from the federal judiciary, as long as due process is protected. See state supreme court for more information. For example, most lawsuits in the state of New York are filed in the Supreme Court, and then appealed to the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court. The highest court in New York is the Court of Appeals.
- The joint resolution which admitted the Republic of Texas to the Union as a state guaranteed Texas the right to divide itself up into up to 5 states. This clause may be redundant, however, as any such state would arguably require Congressional approval, just as when Maine was split off from Massachusetts; it may also be unconstitutional, as reducing the equal suffrage of the other states in the United States Senate.

List of states

The states, with their U.S. postal abbreviations, traditional abbreviations, capitals and largest cities, are as follows. For a complete list of non-state dependent areas and other territory under control of the U.S., see United States dependent areas. State names speak to the circumstances of their creation. (See the lists of U.S. state name etymologies and U.S. county name etymologies for more detail.)
- Southern states on the Atlantic coast originated as British colonies named after British monarchs: Georgia, the Carolinas, Virginia, and Maryland. Some northeastern states, also former British colonies, take their names from places in the British Isles: New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York.
- Many states' names are those of Native American tribes or are from Native American languages: Kansas, Massachusetts, Hawaii, Connecticut, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, Illinois, Minnesota, the Dakotas, Mississippi, Texas, Utah, and others.
- Because they are on territories previously controlled by Spain or Mexico, many states in the southeast and southwest have Spanish names. They include Colorado, New Mexico, Florida, and Nevada.
- Because it was previously a French colony, Louisiana is named after the Louis XIV (King of France at the time).
- The origins of the names of California, Oregon, Idaho, and Rhode Island are unknown, although various theories exist.


Trivia

Names


- "Georgia" can refer to either a U.S. state or to an independent country in the Caucasus.
- The name "New York" can refer to any one of three geographical levels: a state, a city in that state, or a county (coterminous with the borough of Manhattan) in that city.
- "Washington" is a state, a city corresponding to the District of Columbia (and thus not part of any state), and a number of cities and counties in various states. See the list of places named for George Washington.
- The state of Washington is the only state named after a U.S. President (or after a person born within the area now comprising the U.S., for that matter).
- The official name of Rhode Island is "the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations."
- Only two states have state capitals named for the state (however, such name-sharing occurs commonly with states and provinces in some other countries, where the state or province actually often takes its name from a capital city): Oklahoma, with capital Oklahoma City, and Indiana, with capital Indianapolis (which means Indiana City). Iowa City, Iowa was the first state capital of Iowa but the capital was later moved to Des Moines, Iowa.
- Maine is the only state with a one-syllable name.

Geography


- Colorado and Wyoming are bounded by two circles of latitude and two meridians each, i.e. they appear to be rectangles in a cylindrical map projection.
- Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming are the only states whose borders are made up of only straight lines (taking meridians and circles of latitude as straight lines) and, thus, the only states whose borders completely ignore natural features.
- Every state—except Hawaii, which has no land boundaries—has straight lines as at least part of its boundaries. These are usually combined with rivers (see river borders of U.S. states), ridge lines and other natural boundaries. Pennsylvania and Delaware are unique in that their common border is an arc of a circle, see The Twelve-Mile Circle.
- The lower peninsula of Michigan is shaped like a mitten; Louisiana is shaped like a boot.
- Alaska, Florida, Idaho, Maryland, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas and West Virginia have panhandles.
- Alabama, Missouri, New Mexico and Mississippi have bootheels.
- Alaska and Hawaii are the only states that are not physically connected to other states; Maine is the only state that borders only one other state. Missouri and Tennessee each border eight other states, the most for any state.
- Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah are the only four states to share a common border, known as the "Four Corners."
- Appearances given by the stereographic projection to the contrary, Minnesota is the northernmost of the forty-eight contiguous United States, as a northern spur of the state contains a portion of Lake of the Woods. At one time it was thought that Lake of the Woods contained the headwaters of the Mississippi River (now known to be at Lake Itasca).
- Alaska is the northernmost state and the westernmost state. Some would argue that it is also the easternmost state, as the Aleutian island chain crosses the 180º line of longitude.

Grouping of the states in regions

Alaska, The South and The Northeast. Note that Alaska and Hawaii are shown at different scales, and that the Aleutian Islands and the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are omitted from this map.]] States may be grouped in regions; there are endless variations and possible groupings, as most states are not defined by obvious geographic or cultural borders. For further discussion of regions of the U.S., see the list of regions of the United States.

State lists


- List of U.S. state capitals
- List of current and former capital cities within U.S. states
- List of U.S. states' largest cities
- List of U.S. states by date of statehood
- List of U.S. states that were never territories
- List of U.S. state name etymologies
- List of U.S. states by area
- List of U.S. states by elevation
- List of U.S. states by population
- List of U.S. states by population density
- List of U.S. states by time zone
- List of U.S. states by unemployment rate
- Traditional U.S. state abbreviations
- U.S. postal abbreviations
- U.S. state temperature extremes
- Codes: FIPS state code, ISO 3166-2:US
- Lists of U.S. state insignia
  - List of U.S. state amphibians
  - List of U.S. state beverages
  - List of U.S. state birds
  - List of U.S. state butterflies
  - List of U.S. state colors
  - List of U.S. state dances
  - List of U.S. state dinosaurs
  - List of U.S. state fish
  - List of U.S. state flags
  - List of U.S. state flowers
  - List of U.S. state foods
  - List of U.S. state fossils
  - List of U.S. state grasses
  - List of U.S. state insects
  - List of U.S. state instruments
  - List of U.S. state license plates
  - List of U.S. state mammals
  - List of U.S. state minerals, rocks, stones and gemstones
  - List of U.S. state mottos
  - List of U.S. state nicknames
  - List of U.S. state reptiles
  - List of U.S. state seals
  - List of U.S. state slogans
  - List of U.S. state soils
  - List of U.S. state songs
  - List of U.S. state sports
  - List of U.S. state tartans
  - List of U.S. state trees

See also


- Geography of the United States
- List of regions of the United States
- Political divisions of the United States
- United States territory
- United States territorial acquisitions
- List of U.S. counties that share names with U.S. states
- States' rights
- Statehood Quarter

References

External links


- [http://factfinder.census.gov/bf/_lang=en_vt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1R_US9S_geo_id=01000US.html Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (in order of population)]
- [http://factfinder.census.gov/bf/_lang=en_vt_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_GCTPH1_US9_geo_id=01000US.html Tables with areas, populations, densities and more (alphabetical)]
- [http://www.usnewspapers.org US Newspapers by State]
- [http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0854966.html Origin of State Names] United States, States of the Category:Subdivisions of the United States
- U.S. State ja:アメリカ合衆国の地方行政区画 ko:미국의 주 simple:List of U.S. states th:มลรัฐของสหรัฐอเมริกา zh-min-nan:Bí-kok ê hêng-chèng-khu

Brattleboro Barracks

The Brattleboro Barracks is in Windham County, in the southeast corner of Vermont

Refrences


- [http://www.dps.state.vt.us/vtsp/brattleboro.html Vermont State Police] Troop D-Brattleboro Category:Law enforcement

Fort Ranger

Fort Ranger is a historical fort located near Rutland, Vermont, USA. It dates back to the colonial period. Ranger

Fort Mott (Vermont)

Fort Mott, located in Pittsford, Vermont, was a picket fort used by American militiamen during the American Revolutionary War. The fort was constructed by the citizens of Pittsford as a sanctuary in case of approaching British troops or hostile Native Americans. The Battle of Hubbardton was the only major battle fought in Vermont during the war. Just before the battle, fought on July 7, 1777, the townspeople of Pittsford had to evacuate the town. Those that returned decided to build the fort for their own protection; construction was finished later that same year. It is located on the east bank of the Otter Creek, which provided the fort's fresh water. It was only later named Fort Mott, after, the fort's commander, John Mott.

Sources


- [http://www.geocities.com/naforts/vt.html American Forts Network: Fort Mott]
- [http://www.rootsweb.com/~vermont/RutlandCountyHistorypage04.html The History of Rutland County, Part III: The Colonial Period] Mott

Fort Ethan Allen

Fort Ethan Allen was a cavalry outpost in the U.S. state of Vermont named for American Revolutionary War figure Ethan Allen. It was first occupied in 1894. Today it is the center of a designated national historic district straddling the border between Colchester and Essex.

External links


- [http://personalweb.smcvt.edu/thefort/ Historic Fort Ethan Allen] Category:Forts in Vermont

Fort Sainte Anne

A French fort Fort Ste. Anne was built in Acadia (now St Anne's Bay in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia) and occuppied from 1639 to 1641 and was built by Captain Charles. It was amongst a few French forts in the area later known as Englishtown: Simon Denys' Fort 1650 - 1659 and Fort Dauphin 1713-1745. Fort Saint Anne was also the name of settlement at Isle La Motte on Lake Champlain (in modern day Vermont), established in 1666 by French missionaries. Fort Albany, in northern Ontario (On James Bay and the mouth of the Albany River) was named Fort St Anne during the French occupation of the Hudson's Bay Company outpost of Albany Post (or Albany Fort) from 1686-1692. Today is home to 1,400 residents and the nearby Fort Albany First Nations reserve.

External links


- [http://www.blupete.com/Hist/Dates/1627-29.htm History of Nova Scotia]
- [http://www.geocities.com/naforts/ns.html#english Nova Scotia Forts - Englishtown Forts]
- [http://www.saintpierrefarms.com/politics St Anne Shrine]
- [http://www.geocities.com/naforts/on2.html#albany Ontario Forts - Page 2 - Fort Albany] Category:Forts in Vermont Category:Acadia

Category:Forts in Vermont

Vermont Category:Vermont

Category:Lists of structures

These are lists of structures and buildings. Entries are mainly sorted by type and then by location. Lists of structures are under "
- ", buildings under "B". "Tall buildings in Birmingham" are sortey under "Buildings, tallest in Birmingham". To achieve some consistency, the table below details how the sortkeys were set. If there are many of the same type, these are placed in a subcategory, e.g. :Category:Lists of museums. Structures
- Lists

Cannabis rescheduling in the United Kingdom

Cannabis reclassification in the United Kingdom refers to the transfer of cannabis to a different Class of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. Then Home Secretary David Blunkett announced in 2001 that cannabis would be transferred from Class B of the Act to Class C, removing the threat of arrest for possession. Arrest would still be possible for distribution, however[http://www.idmu.co.uk/homeoffpr.htm]. The transfer eventually happened in January 2004, after Class C penalties for distribution had been stiffened. The change was designed to enable police forces to concentrate resources on other (more serious) offences, including those involving "harder drugs". When the change was introduced there were several attempts to establish Dutch-style cannabis cafes. Mostly, however, these have failed. The new law creates no real protection or respectabilty for such establishments and police action has forced their closure.

Criticism

In 2003, the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) criticised the United Kingdom for considering reclassification of cannabis. The INCB's annual report warned that: :The reclassification of cannabis by the Government of the United Kingdom would undermine the efforts of the Governments of African countries to counter illicit cannabis cultivation, trafficking, and abuse. Philip O. Emafo, INCB chairman, said: :It is important that consensus prevails in international drug control. No government should take unilateral measures without considering the impact of its actions and ultimately the consequences for an entire system that took governments almost a century to establish. During the 2005 general election, Tony Blair announced that the reclassification of cannabis would be reviewed in light of new scientific research. It is unclear whether this will lead to Cannabis being reclassified to a Class B drug once again.

Footnote


- Cannabis is primarily a herb or plant but, generally, UK law treats the herb itself as a drug, whether or not a particular specimen or variety has real drug potential, or is grown for drug purposes.. The Home Office takes the view that special licences are neeeded (issued under the Misuse of Drugs Act) when the herb is grown for non-drug purposes, even when the variety of cannabis used is unlikely to produce any real drug material. (Non-drug purposes include production of hemp fibre).

See also


- Cannabis
- Cannabis (drug)
- Cannabis rescheduling
- Hemp
- Legalise Cannabis Alliance
- Legal issues of cannabis
- Marijuana parties

References


- [http://www.idmu.co.uk/homeoffpr.htm Blunkett to Focus on the Menace of Hard Drugs], Home Office Press Release 255/2001, 23 Oct. 2001.
- [http://www.incb.org/e/index.htm International Narcotics Control Board].
- [http://www.incb.org/e/ind_ar.htm Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2002], E/INCB/2002/1.
- [http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/280/roadtovienna.shtml Road to Vienna: British Government Chides International Narcotics Control Board on Cannabis Rescheduling Critique], Mar. 28, 2003.
- [http://www.whspliff.net/blunkettun.html Blunkett defends new cannabis law], Feb. 26, 2003, Female. Category:Cannabis Category:United Kingdom law

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