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Mangan

Mangan

Mangan (Mn, latinski - manganium) je metal VIIB, grupe. Ima 15 izotopa čije se atomske mase nalaze između 49-62. Postojan je samo jedan- 55, koji čini skoro 100% sastava izotopa mangana koji se javljaju u prirodi.

Zastupljenost

Zastupljen je u zemljimoj kori u količini od 950 ppm (eng. parts per million) u obliku rude koju čine mješavine nekoliko vrsta oksida. Važniji minerali su: Braunit, piroluzit i Hausmanit - Sva tri su oksidi mangana. Mangan je 1774 otkrio J.G. Gahna. Najpoznatije jedinjenje mangana je kalijumpermanganat KMnO₄, koji ima baktericidne osobine, a koristi se i za borbu protiv gljivičnih oboljenja kože.

Biološki značaj

Mangan je sastojak mnogih enzima. Njega bi trebalo dnevno unositi u količini od najmanje 1 miligram. U velikim količinama soli mangana su toksične

Osobine

Mangan je tvrd, srebrnast i krh metal. Vrlo je reaktivan, na vazduhu se pali, reaguje sa vodom gradeći hidroksid. Mangan ima slične osobine kao i alkalni metali. Mangan se masovno koristi kao dodatak čeliku smanjujući njegovu temperaturu topljenja i popravljajući mehaničke osobine. Category:Hemijski element

Latinski

Latinski je indoevropski jezik, prvobitno govoren u oblasti oko Rima, zvanoj Latium. It gained great importance as the formal language of the Roman Empire. All Romance languages, those being most notably Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian, are descended from Latin, and many words based on Latin are found in other modern languages such as English. The Latin alphabet, derived from the Greek, remains the most widely-used alphabet in the world. It is said that 80 percent of scholarly English words are derived from Latin (in a large number of cases by way of French). Moreover, in the Western world, Latin was a lingua franca, the learned language for scientific and political affairs, for more than a thousand years, being eventually replaced by French in the 18th century and English in the late 19th. Ecclesiastical Latin remains the formal language of the Roman Catholic Church to this day, and thus the official national language of the Vatican. The Church used Latin as its primary liturgical language until the Second Vatican Council in the 1960s. Latin is also still used (drawing heavily on Greek roots) to furnish the names used in the scientific classification of living things. The modern study of Latin, along with Greek, is known as Classics.

Main features

Latin is a synthetic inflectional language: affixes (which usually encode more than one grammatical category) are attached to fixed stems to express gender, number, and case in adjectives, nouns, and pronouns, which is called declension; and person, number, tense, voice, mood, and aspect in verbs, which is called conjugation. There are five declensions (declinationes) of nouns and four conjugations of verbs. There are six noun cases: #nominative (used as the subject of the verb or the predicate nominative), #genitive (used to indicate relation or possession, often represented by the English of or the addition of s to a noun), #dative (used of the indirect object of the verb, often represented by the English to or for), #accusative (used of the direct object of the verb, or object of the preposition in some cases), #ablative (separation, source, cause, or instrument, often represented by the English by, with, from), #vocative (used of the person or thing being addressed). In addition, some nouns have a locative case used to express location (otherwise expressed by the ablative with a preposition such as in), but this survival from Proto-Indo-European is found only in the names of lakes, cities, towns, small islands, and a few other words related to locations, such as "house", "ground", and "countryside". Latin itself, being a very old language, is far closer to Proto-Indo-European than are most modern Western European languages; it has, in fact, about the same relationship with PIE as modern Italian or French has to Latin. There are six general tenses in Latin (technically they are tense/aspect/mood complexes). The indicative mood can be used with all of them. The subjunctive mood, however, has only present, imperfect, perfect, and pluperfect tenses. These tenses in the subjunctive mood do not completely correlate in meaning to the tenses in the indicative.
Present system tenses
# present (laudo, "I praise") # imperfect (laudabam, "I was praising") # future (laudabo, "I shall praise," "I will praise")
Past system tenses
# perfect (laudavi, "I praised", "I have praised") # pluperfect (laudaveram, "I had praised") # future perfect (laudavero, "I shall have praised," "I will have praised") The future perfect tense can also imply a normal future idea (like in "When I will have run...") and so may also sometimes be included in the present system.
Latin and Romance
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, Latin evolved into the various Romance languages. These were for many centuries only spoken languages, Latin still being used for writing. For example, Latin was the official language of Portugal until 1296 when it was replaced by Portuguese. The Romance languages evolved from Vulgar Latin, the spoken language of common usage, which in turn evolved from an older speech which also produced the formal classical standard. Latin and Romance differ (for example) in that Romance had distinctive stress, whereas Latin had distinctive length of vowels. In Italian and Sardo logudorese, there is distinctive length of consonants and stress, in Spanish only distinctive stress, and in French even stress is no longer distinctive. Another major distinction between Romance and Latin is that all Romance languages, excluding Romanian, have lost their case endings in most words except for some pronouns. Romanian retains a direct case (nominative/accusative), an indirect case (dative/genitive), and vocative. In Italy, Latin is still compulsory in secondary schools as Liceo Classico and Liceo Scientifico which are usually attended by people who aim to the highest level of education. In Liceo Classico Ancient Greek is a compulsory subject.
Latin and English
See Latin influence in English for a more complete exposition. English grammar is independent of Latin grammar, though prescriptive grammarians in English have been heavily influenced by Latin. Attempts to make English grammar follow Latin rules — such as the prohibition against the split infinitive — have not worked successfully in regular usage. However, as many as half the words in English were derived from Latin, including many words of Greek origin first adopted by the Romans, not to mention the thousands of French, hundreds of Spanish, Portuguese and Italian words of Latin origin that have also enriched English. During the 16th and on through the 18th century English writers created huge numbers of new words from Latin and Greek roots. These words were dubbed "inkhorn" or "inkpot" words (as if they had spilled from a pot of ink). Many of these words were used once by the author and then forgotten, but some remain. Imbibe, extrapolate, dormant and inebriation are all inkhorn terms carved from Latin words. In fact, the word etymology is derived from the Greek word etymologia, meaning "true sense of the word." Latin was once taught in many of the schools in Britain with academic leanings - perhaps 25% of the total [http://www.channel4.com/history/microsites/T/teachem2/thennow/]. However, the requirement for it was gradually abandoned in the professions such as the law and medicine, and then, from around the late 1960s, for admission to university. After the introduction of the Modern Language GCSE in the 1980s, it was gradually replaced by other languages, although it is now being taught by more schools along with other classical languages.
Latin education
The linguistic element of Latin courses offered in high schools or secondary schools, and in universities, is primarily geared toward an ability to translate Latin texts into modern languages, rather than using it in oral communication. As such, the skill of reading is heavily emphasized, whereas speaking and listening skills are barely touched upon. However, there is a growing movement, sometimes known as the Living Latin movement, whose supporters believe that Latin can, or should, be taught in the same way that modern "living" languages are taught, that is, as a means of both spoken and written communication. One of the most interesting aspects of such an approach is that it assists speculative insight into how many of the ancient authors spoke and incorporated sounds of the language stylistically; without understanding how the language is meant to be heard it is very difficult to identify patterns in Latin poetry. Institutions offering Living Latin instruction include the Vatican and the University of Kentucky. In Britain the Classical Association encourages this approach, and there has been something of a vogue for books describing the adventures of a mouse called Minimus. In the United States there is a thriving competitive organization for high school Latin students, the National Junior Classical League (the second-largest youth organization in the world after the Boy Scouts), backed up by the Senior Classical League for college students. Many would-be international auxiliary languages have been heavily influenced by Latin, and the moderately successful Interlingua considers itself to be the modernized and simplified version of the language (le latino moderne international e simplificate). Latin translations of modern literature such as Paddington Bear, Winnie the Pooh, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Le Petit Prince, Max und Moritz, and The Cat in the Hat have also helped boost interest in the language.
See also

About the Latin language

- Latin grammar
- Latin spelling and pronunciation
- Latin declension
- Latin conjugation
- Latin alphabet
- List of Latin words with English derivatives
- Latin verbs with English derivatives
- Latin nouns with English derivatives
- ablative absolute
- Word order in Latin
About the Latin literary heritage

- Latin literature
- Romance languages
- Loeb Classical Library
- List of Latin phrases
- List of Latin proverbs
- Brocard
- List of Latin and Greek words commonly used in systematic names
- List of Latin place names in Europe
- Carmen Possum
Other related topics

- Roman Empire
- Internationalism
References

- Bennett, Charles E. Latin Grammar (Allyn and Bacon, Chicago, 1908)
- N. Vincent: "Latin", in The Romance Languages, M. Harris and N. Vincent, eds., (Oxford Univ. Press. 1990), ISBN 0195208293
- Waquet, Françoise, Latin, or the Empire of a Sign: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries (Verso, 2003) ISBN 1859844022; translated from the French by John Howe.
- Wheelock, Frederic. Latin: An Introduction (Collins, 6th ed., 2005) ISBN 0060784237
External links

- [http://www.jambell.com/latin.html Latin Phrases for after dinner conversation (Thanks to Elaine Poole)]
- [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=lat Ethnologue report for Latin]
- [http://forumromanum.org/literature/index.html Corpus Scriptorum Latinorum] is a comprehensive webography of Latin texts and their translations.
- [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/ The Perseus Project] has many useful pages for the study of classical languages and literatures, including [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/resolveform?lang=Latin an interactive Latin dictionary].
- [http://lysy2.archives.nd.edu/cgi-bin/words.exe words by William whitaker] is a dictionary program online capable of looking up various word forms.
- [http://retiarius.org/ Retiarius.Org] includes a Latin text search engine.
- [http://www.nd.edu/~archives/latgramm.htm Latin-English dictionary and Latin grammar from U of Notre Dame]
- [http://latin-language.co.uk/ Latin language] History of Latin language, Latin texts with English translation and a collection of dictionaries.
- [http://augustinus.eresmas.net/scl/ Societas Circulorum Latinorum] gathers together Latin Circles all over the world.
- [http://www.learnlatin.tk LearnLatin.tk] - Free online course in Latin
- [http://www.latintests.net/ LatinTests.net] - Lets Latin learners test their grammar and vocabulary with self-checking quizzes.
- [http://thelatinlibrary.com/ The Latin Library] contains many Latin etexts
- [http://www.textkit.com/ Textkit] has Latin textbooks and etexts.
- [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/Latin-english/ Latin–English Dictionary]: from Webster's Rosetta Edition.
- [http://www.language-reference.com/ Language reference] Cross-foreign-language lexicon powered by its own search engine. All cross combinations between Latin and French, German, Italian, Spanish.
- [http://comp.uark.edu/~mreynold/rhetor.html Rhetor by Gabriel Harvey] was originally published in 1577 and never again reprinted.
- [http://freewebs.com/omniamundamundis omniamundamundis] Latin hypertexts from fourteen ancient Roman authors.
- [http://www.saltspring.com/capewest/pron.htm Pronunciation of Biological Latin, Including Taxonomic Names of Plants and Animals]
- [http://www.yleradio1.fi/nuntii Nuntii Latini (News in Latin)], written and spoken (RealAudio) news in latin. Weekly review of world news in Classical Latin, the only international broadcast of its kind in the world, produced by YLE, the Finnish Broadcasting Company.
- [http://www.tranexp.com:2000/InterTran?url=http%3A%2F%2F&type=text&text=Replace%20Me&from=eng&to=ltt InterTran Latin], Translate from Latin to ENGLISH or vice versa.
- [http://www.latinvulgate.com Latin Vulgate] The Latin and English of the Old & New Testaments in parallel, along with the Complete Sayings of Jesus in parallel Latin and English. Category:Classical languages Category:Ancient languages Category:Fusional languages Category:Languages of Italy Category:Languages of Vatican City als:Latein zh-min-nan:Latin-gí ko:라틴어 ja:ラテン語 simple:Latin language th:ภาษาละติน

1774

Događaji

1774. u temama

Rođenja

Smrti

ko:1774년 ms:1774 simple:1774

Enzim

Enzim (grč. en-u zyme=kvasac)je svaki protein sposoban da katalizira neku biohemijsku reakciju u živim organizmima.Reakcije koje se dešavaju u organizmu ne mogu uvijek same de se finaliziraju.Tada im pomažu enzimi.Svaka biohemijska reakcija ima svoj specifični enzim, mada postoje i enzimi koji mogu katalizirati (pomoći, ubrzati) par reakcija više.Enzimi su prema reakcijama koje kataliziraju podijeljeni u šest grupa i vi oni imaju svoju oznaku u međunarodno prihvaćenom indeksu.Za enizme se često upotrijebljava i naziv fermenti. ->r.g.

Alkalni metali

U ovu grupu pripadaju Litijum (Li), natrijum (Na), kalijum (K), rubidijum (Ru), cezijum (Cs) i francijum (Fr). Naziv alkalni metali vode od reči algili (biljni pepeo, jer se soli alkalnih metala nalaze u biljnom pepelu. 1807.godine Hemfri Devi otkrio je za samo nedelju dana dva elementa kalijum i natrijum, 1817.godine John August Arfedson otkria Litijum, 1860 Bunzen i Kirkof otkrivaju Cezijum, 1861. isti naučnici otkrivaju Rubidijum koji dobija naziv po latinskoj reči ruber - crven. 1939. godine Margareta Peri otkriva francijum ali zbog radioaktivnosti i brzog vremena raspada (22 min) njegove osobine nisu ispitane. --212.200.96.61 01:12, 9 decembar 2005 (CET)Stefan Jovanović ja:第1族元素 ko:알칼리 금속 ms:Logam Alkali th:โลหะแอลคาไล

Category:Hemijski element

Spisak Hemijskih elemenata

Charles Robinson (James Bond)

The following is a list of allies found throughout the James Bond film and novel series.

Main allies

M

Bond's superior in the Secret Service.
- Bernard Lee (1962 - 1979)
- John Huston (1967) - unofficial Casino Royale
- Robert Brown (1983 - 1989)
- Edward Fox (1983) - Unofficial Never Say Never Again
- Judi Dench (1995 - current) Also, in the spoof Casino Royale, Sir James Bond (David Niven) is promoted to the position of M.

Miss Moneypenny

M's faithful secretary, forever pining for Bond's affections.
- Lois Maxwell (1962 - 1985)
- Barbara Bouchet (1967) - unofficial Casino Royale (actually Moneypenny's daughter)
- Pamela Salem (1983) - unofficial Never Say Never Again
- Caroline Bliss (1987 - 1989)
- Samantha Bond (1995 - 2002) As of October 2005, the character of Moneypenny is not expected to appear in the 2006 Bond film, Casino Royale. Samantha Bond will not be returning to the role, in any event. Moneypenny's first name is not mentioned in any of the films, but is revealed in the 2005 book The Moneypenny Diaries.

Q

The Secret Service's resident inventor, who provides Bond with his life-saving (and life-taking) equipment.
- Peter Burton (1962) - Dr. No only (referred to as Major Boothroyd)
- Desmond Llewelyn (1963 - 1999)
- Geoffrey Bayldon (1967) - unofficial Casino Royale
- Alec McCowen (1983) - unofficial Never Say Never Again (also referred to as Algernon)
- John Cleese (1999 - current) - first appearance in The World Is Not Enough referred to as "R". Became Q in Die Another Day. As of October 2005, the character Q is not expected to appear in the 2006 version of Casino Royale, although Cleese, at the present time, remains the assigned actor for the role.

Felix Leiter

Bond's longtime friend and colleague. Originally a CIA agent, in the films Leiter later becomes a member of the DEA; in the books he becomes a member of Pinkerton's and later goes into business for himself.
- Jack Lord (1962) - Dr. No
- Cec Linder (1964) - Goldfinger
- Rik Van Nutter (1965) - Thunderball
- Norman Burton (1971) - Diamonds Are Forever
- David Hedison (1973) - Live and Let Die
- Bernie Casey (1983) - Unofficial Never Say Never Again
- John Terry (1987) - The Living Daylights
- David Hedison (1989) - Licence to Kill An altered version of the character appears in the 1954 television adaptation of Casino Royale. In that version, Leiter is a British agent named Clarence Leiter and is played by Michael Pate. It has yet to be announced whether Leiter will appear in the 2006 version of Casino Royale, although it seems likely as he plays a crucial role in the novel.

Recurring allies

Gogol, General Anatol

General Anatol Gogol is the head of the KGB in the films, The Spy Who Loved Me, Moonraker, For Your Eyes Only, Octopussy, and A View to a Kill; in his final appearance in The Living Daylights the character has become a post-Glasnost envoy and was succeeded as head of the KGB by General Pushkin. Gogol is played by Walter Gotell. Although with the KGB, Gogol often allies himself with Bond to stave off the possibility of war with the West, an ideal that is not always shared with his comrades. Only in For Your Eyes Only and A View to a Kill does Gogol act as an enemy, but in a relatively benign, good-natured way. He particularly opposes the methods of the villain Zorin in A View to a Kill. Note that General Gogol also has a secretary, who is called Miss Roublevitch.

Goodnight, Mary

Mary Goodnight is Bond's second personal secretary. She first appears in On Her Majesty's Secret Service and You Only Live Twice. By the time of The Man with the Golden Gun she has been assigned to the Kingston station of the service, although she has a much greater role. She appears in the film, The Man with the Golden Gun as a Bond girl, played by Britt Ekland.

Gray, Sir Fredrick

Sir Frederick Gray is the Minister of Defence in the films The Spy Who Loved Me, Moonraker, For Your Eyes Only, Octopussy, A View to a Kill, and The Living Daylights. He is played by Geoffrey Keen. In The Spy Who Loved Me, Bond is familiar enough with Gray to address him by his first name, but their relationship in later films is more formal.

Mathis, Rene

Bond's French counterpart in Station F in the novels. He has, to date, never appeared in an official James Bond film, however, he was in the 1967 spoof Casino Royale played by Duncan Macrae. Mathis in the novels, was a main character in Casino Royale and played a supporting character in From Russia With Love. It was Mathis who captured the SMERSH villain, Rosa Klebb.

May

May is Bond's loyal and elderly, Scottish housekeeper who is often mentioned in numerous novels by Ian Fleming. She also appeared in several John Gardner novels as well as a cameo in the first Young James Bond novel, SilverFin. She has yet to make an appearance in any film.

Pepper, Sheriff J.W.

Sheriff J.W. Pepper is a parish sheriff in Louisiana. He appears in the films Live and Let Die and The Man with the Golden Gun. The character, played by Clifton James and mostly used as comic relief, is most memorable for his somewhat bigoted attitudes and his tendency to speak loudly about whatever is on his mind.

Ponsonby, Loelia

Loelia Ponsonby is Bond's personal secretary in many James Bond novels. She retires and is replaced in On Her Majesty's Secret Service by Mary Goodnight after marrying a member of the Baltic Exchange. For the films, her relationship with James is transferred and replaced by Miss Moneypenny.

Quarrel

Quarrel is a Cayman Islander living in Jamaica. He first appears in the novel Live and Let Die as Bond's guide while 007 is investigating Mr. Big. He later appears in the novel Dr. No to aid Bond once again, this time to infiltrate Dr. Julius No's island, Crab Key. Quarrel only appears in the 1962 film Dr. No played by John Kitzmiller where likewise in the novel he is killed by Dr. No's mythical "dragon". For the film adaptation of Live and Let Die Bond teams up with Quarrel's son, Quarrel Jr., played by Roy Stewart.

Robinson, Charles

Charles Robinson is a senior MI6 operative in the Pierce Brosnan era of films. He first appears in Tomorrow Never Dies and later The World Is Not Enough, and Die Another Day. He is played by Colin Salmon. Robinson appears to be M's right-hand and is often seen at her side. When Bond reports in with MI6 he often does so with Robinson.

Smithers

Smithers is one of Q's assistants. He makes two appearances, the first in For Your Eyes Only and his last in Octopussy. He is played by Jeremy Bulloch.

Strangways, John

Appears in both the novel and the film Dr. No, where in both he is assassinated for prying into Dr. Julius No's business. In the novel series, he had previously appeared in Live and Let Die. Strangways is an MI6 agent stationed in Jamaica. In the film he is portrayed by Tim Moxon and voiced by Robert Rietty.

Tanner, Bill

Bill Tanner is MI6's Chief of Staff. Tanner is a regular literary character from Fleming and Gardner's novels, as well as Amis' Colonel Sun, but has never been considered a regular cinematic character. His biggest role in the films was in 1981's For Your Eyes Only in which after the death of Bernard Lee (M), Tanner was given a bigger role to substitute while M was "on leave." In 1965, Kingsley Amis wrote the authorised spin-off The Book of Bond, or Every Man His Own 007, a tongue-in-cheek guide to being a spy. The book is not credited to Amis, but rather to Lt.-Col. William "Bill" Tanner.
- played by: Michael Goodliffe — The Man with the Golden Gun (uncredited)
- played by: James Villiers — For Your Eyes Only
- played by: Michael Kitchen — GoldenEye and The World Is Not Enough

Wade, Jack

Jack Wade is an American CIA agent that appears in the films GoldenEye and Tomorrow Never Dies. Played by Joe Don Baker, Wade is often considered a semi-replacement in the films for Felix Leiter after the events of Licence to Kill.

Zukovsky, Valentin Dmitrovich

Valentin Dmitrovich Zukovsky is an ex-KGB agent turned Russian mafia head who runs a bar, a casino, and a caviar factory. When he was younger (and a KGB agent), a conflict with James Bond ended with Zukovsky having a limp; however, after leaving KGB, Zukovsky does not keep a grudge towards Bond, specially when dealing with Bond can mean profit. Played by Robbie Coltrane, Zukovsky makes two appearances in the films before being killed by Elektra King in The World Is Not Enough, but not before executing a trick shot using a gun hidden within his cane that allows Bond to escape King's trap. His first appearance was in GoldenEye.

Film-specific allies

This section lists allies who appeared in only one film. Recurring allies are listed, above. Dr. No
- Quarrel - played by: John Kitzmiller From Russia With Love
- Kerim Bey - played by: Pedro Armendariz Goldfinger
- Colonel Smithers played by: Richard Vernon
- Hawker - played by: Gerry Duggan Thunderball
- Paula Caplan - played by: Martine Beswick You Only Live Twice
- Tiger Tanaka - played by: Tetsuro Tamba
- Henderson - played by: Charles Gray Casino Royale (unofficial film)
- Evelyn Tremble - played by: Peter Sellers
- Mata Bond - played by: Joanna Pettet
- "The Detainer" - played by: Daliah Lavi
- Cooper - played by: Terence Cooper On Her Majesty's Secret Service
- Marc Ange Draco - played by: Gabriele Ferzetti
- Campbell - played by: Bernard Horsfall
- Sir Hilary Bray - played by: George Baker Diamonds Are Forever
- Willard Whyte - played by: Jimmy Dean
- Sir Donald Munger - played by: Laurence Naismith Live and Let Die
- Quarrel Jr - played by: Roy Stewart
- Harold Strutter - played by: Lon Satton The Man with the Golden Gun
- Lt. Hip - played by: Soon Taik Oh The Spy Who Loved Me
- Captain Carter - played by: Shane Rimmer
- Captain Benson - played by: George Baker
- Sheikh Hosein - played by: Edward de Souza
- Admiral Hargreaves - played by: Robert Brown Moonraker
- Colonel Scott - played by: Mike Marshall
- Manuela - played by: Emily Bolton For Your Eyes Only
- Milos Columbo - played by: Chaim Topol
- Luigi Ferrara - played by: John Moreno Octopussy
- Vijay - played by: Vijay Amritraj
- Saddrudin - played by: Albert Moses Never Say Never Again (unofficial film)
- Nigel Small-Fawcett - played by: Rowan Atkinson A View to a Kill
- Sir Godfrey Tibbett - played by: Patrick Macnee
- Chuck Lee - played by: David Yip
- Achille Aubergine - played by: Jean Rougerie The Living Daylights
- Kamran Shah - played by: Art Malik
- General Leonid Pushkin - played by: John Rhys-Davies
- Saunders - played by: Thomas Wheatley Licence to Kill
- Sharkey - played by: Frank McRae GoldenEye
- Dimitri Mishkin - played by: Tcheky Karyo Tomorrow Never Dies
- Admiral Roebuck - played by: Geoffrey Palmer The World Is Not Enough
- Dr. Molly Warmflash - played by: Serena Scott Thomas Die Another Day
- Raoul - played by: Emilio Echevarria
- Damian Falco - played by: Michael Madsen
- Mr. Chang - played by: Ho Yi
- Verity - played by: Madonna

00-agents

The 00 Branch of MI6 is considered the elite of the Secret Service. These are agents who have proven themselves capable enough in the field to be entrusted with the licence to kill -- the authorisation to, at their own discretion, commit assassination and acts that might be otherwise considered murder in order to complete their missions, without having to seek permission from headquarters first. The film The World is Not Enough revealed that the 00 Branch has its own area within MI6 headquarters and its own insignia, though it is not known if this has always been the case. 00-level agents report directly to M. The following list is of the known members of this elite order who have been referenced in officially licensed James Bond fiction: novels, films, video games, and comic strips. Additional 00-agents are glimpsed in the briefing scenes of Thunderball and The World Is Not Enough, but no additional information about them is provided. The latter film suggests that at least one 00-agent is a woman. There is fan speculation that suggests that M, being the head of MI6, is also 001, but this is not supported by any novel or film, and in fact Raymond Benson references a 001 in his novel, Doubleshot. Likewise, speculation that only nine 00-agents exist (001-009) is contradicted by Fleming himself in Moonraker, and likewise is contradicted by later writers. In addition to the above, the John Pearson novel James Bond: The Authorised Biography of 007 mentions "real life" 00 agents 002 (named Bill Fairbanks as per Man with the Golden Gun), 003 (badly injured in 1951), 008 (died in 1951), 009 (died in 1955 in Hungary), 0011 (died in 1951).

Track listing

# "Out of Reach" (Bateman/Bondage) - 1:56 # "Coward" (Bateman/Bondage) - 2:19 # "Insomnia" (Bondage/Rooney) - 2:57 # "Resurrection" (Bateman/Bondage) - 3:1