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Pomona, California

Phở

, and Sriracha hot sauce, before mixing.]] Phở (pronounced by English-speakers, in IPA: ) is a traditional Vietnamese noodle dish. It is composed of thin white rice noodles in a clear beef broth, with thin cuts of beef (steak, fatty flank, lean flank, brisket), tendon, tripe, meatballs, or other ingredients such as green onions, white onions, coriander, ngo gai ("saw leaf herb"), basil, lemon or lime, bean sprouts, or chile peppers. In many restaurants, the last four items are usually provided on a separate plate, which allows customers to add as many or as few condiments to the broth soup as they desire. Some sauces, such as hoisin sauce and the popular Thai hot sauce Sriracha, are a popular addition to phở noodles as well. It can be eaten for breakfast, lunch, or dinner. The broth is generally made from beef bones, oxtails, flank steak, and spices, and generally takes several hours to prepare. The spices used include Saigon cinnamon, star anise, and ginger.

Possible origin and regional differences

This noodle dish had its origins in northern Vietnam and spread to southern Vietnam in the mid-1950s, after the defeat of the French and the eventual partitioning of the country. Incidentally, the communist government of North Vietnam actually forcibly closed many private phở businesses in the 1950s and opened government-run eateries, which tended to offer phở of rather inferior quality. Northern Vietnamese fleeing communist rule for South Vietnam introduced phở to their southern counterparts. By this time, where unlike in Hanoi, North Vietnam, the development of phở flourished especially in the former Saigon, South Vietnam. With the arrival of anti-communist Vietnamese exiles and refugees (that is, hailing from South Vietnam) in the post-Vietnam War period, phở was also gradually introduced to Western countries, especially to France and the United States, both of which were major actors in Vietnam's colonial and post-colonial history. There are also many phở restaurants in Australia and Canada, as these countries had received many Vietnamese refugees and immmigrants. Non-refugee Vietnamese immigrants also brought phở noodles to the former Soviet bloc countries, namely Russia, Poland, and the Czech Republic. There are several regional differences of phở in Vietnam, particularly divided among northern (Hanoi, called phở bắc or northern phở), central (Hue), and southern (Ho Chi Minh City). One regional phở may be sweeter, and another variation emphasizes a more bolder and spicier flavor. "Northern phở" tends to use somewhat wider noodles and use spring onions. On the other hand, Vietnamese southerners generally use thinner noodles and add bean sprouts to their phở instead.

Chains and franchises

Phở 54 Restaurant is a small restaurant chain with origins in the prominent Little Saigon of Westminster, in Orange County, California and with locations scattered in parts of Southern California. Phở Hòa Restaurant, originated in San Jose, California, is among the largest, albeit somewhat semi-authentic, phở cuisine chains worldwide. Pho 2000 is another growing Vietnamese restaurant chain, which started in Los Angeles's Koreatown district and actually caters to Korean American populations. [http://www.google.com/local?hl=en&lr=&safe=off&q=what+the+pho&near=Bellevue,+WA&sa=X&oi=locald&radius=0.0&latlng=47610556,-122199444,1778873553292334631 What the Pho?] is a humorously named chain originating in the Pacific Northwest. According to the owner of one of the stores, they have been refused permission to use this name in a number of locales and have as a result decided not to open restaurants in those cities. Other east coast chains are Pho 75 and Pho 95.

Cultural practices

Vietnamese phở restaurants usually have the cultural practice of not delivering the bill to customers' tables, since it is considered rude in Vietnamese culture and is seen as rushing the customer out the door. Most tables usually have a numbering system and have chopsticks, spoons, and condiment dispensers.

Styles of phở

Some Vietnamese restaurants have begun catering to non-Vietnamese customers by opening in other areas. Adapting to local tastes and diets, some Vietnamese restaurants in the United States have also started making chicken-based phở (phở gà) or even vegetarian phở, in addition to the traditional beef noodle soup. Seafood-based phở has also been known to exist. Another variation of phở involves using egg noodles instead of rice noodles. There is also a Korean version of phở available.

Pronunciation

The Vietnamese word "phở" is properly pronounced with a rising tone, as if asking a question. Its final vowel is not a long "o," but instead rhymes with the "u" in the English word "but."

See also


- Beef noodle soup
- Bánh mì
- Vietnamese cuisine

External links


- [http://www.phohoa.com/ Phở Hòa] is a popular chain that serves many types of phở. Many phở enthusiasts feel their noodle dishes are "McDonald-ized" in the sense that as a franchise, their products are not as authentic. Many laud their ability to introduce phở to those people who have never seen or tried it before.
- [http://www.pholist.org/ Phở List] is a group of artists who share ideas of digital art over lunch (presumably a bowl of phở) at phở restaurants.
- [http://www.nhandan.org.vn/english/dishes/bai-ecopho.html A description of pho]
- [http://www.mediterrasian.com/delicious_recipes_pho_bo.htm Phở bo recipe (with photo)]
- [http://www.phofever.com/index.htm PhởFever.com] contains a phở menu guide, phở primer and directory of phở restaurants in the United States. Category:Noodles Category:Soups Category:Vietnamese cuisine

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