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Category:OGamePages relating to the MMOG, OGame.
Category:Browser-based games
MMOGA massively multiplayer online game (MMOG or MMO) is a type of computer game that enables hundreds or thousands of players to simultaneously interact in a game world they are connected to via the Internet. Typically this kind of game is played in an online, multiplayer-only persistent world. Some MMOGs are played on a mobile device (usually a phone) and are thus Mobile MMOG or MMMOG or 3MOG.
Mmos enable people to play with and against each other and take gaming to a new dimension. The friendships made on mmos are as real as those in real life and generate a huge amount of online 'social capital'. However most mmos require players to invest large amounts of time in them and are most suitable for the obsessive gamer or people who due to health reasons etc don't have a full time job and have time to burn.
Overview and history
The most popular type of MMOG, and the sub-genre that did much to pioneer the category, is the massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG). MMORPG's descend from university mainframe computer MUD and adventure games such as Rogue on the PLATO System and Dungeon on the PDP-10 that pre-date the commercial games industry.
The first graphical MMOG, and a major milestone in the creation of the genre, is the multi-player flight combat simulation game Air Warrior by Kesmai on the GEnie online service, which first appeared in 1987.
Commercial MMORPG's gained early acceptance in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The genre was pioneered by GemStone on GEnie, also created by Kesmai, and Neverwinter Nights, the first such game to include graphics, on AOL.
As computer game developers applied MMO ideas to other computer and video game genres, new acronyms started to develop, such as MMORTS. MMOG emerged as a generic term to cover this growing class of games. These games became so popular that a magazine, called Massive Online Gaming, released an issue in October 2002 hoping to cover MMOG topics exclusively, but it never released its second issue.
The debuts of Ultima Online and EverQuest in the late 1990's popularized the MMORPG genre. The growth in technology meant that where Neverwinter Nights in 1991 had been limited to 50 simultaneous players (a number that grew to 500 by 1995), by the year 2000 multiple MMORPG's were each serving thousands of simultaneous players.
Despite the genre's focus on multiplayer gaming, AI-controlled characters are still common. NPCs and mobs who give out quests or serve as opponents are typical mostly in MMORPGs. AI-controlled characters are not as common in action-based MMOGs.
The popularity of MMOGs was mostly restricted to the computer game market until the sixth-generation consoles, with the launch of Phantasy Star Online on Dreamcast and the emergence and growth of online service Xbox Live. There have been a number of console MMOGs, including EverQuest Online Adventures (PlayStation 2), and the multiplatform Final Fantasy XI (PC, PS2 and soon Xbox 360).
Xbox 360
On PC's, The massively multiplayer market has always been dominated by successful fantasy MMORPGs such as Ultima Online, EverQuest, Asheron's Call, Ragnarok Online, Anarchy Online, Star Wars Galaxies, Dark Age of Camelot, City of Heroes, Final Fantasy XI Lineage and Eve Online.
Most recent sucessful titles are Everquest 2, Lineage 2 and World of Warcraft.
Some upcoming MMO titles that show promise are Vanguard and Dark and Light.
Compared to other computer games
There are a number of factors shared by most MMOGs that make them different from other types of computer games. MMOGs create a persistent universe where the game continues playing regardless of whether or not anyone else is. Since these games strongly or exclusively emphasize multiplayer gameplay, few of them have any significant single-player aspects or client-side artificial intelligence. As a result, players cannot "beat" MMOGs in the typical sense of single-player games. Some MMOGs, such as Star Sonata, do have an end condition that includes awarding a "winner" based on a player's standing in the game at the finale.
Most MMOGs also share characteristics that make them different from other multiplayer online games. MMOGs host a large number of players in a single game world where all those players can interact. Popular MMOGs might have thousands of players online at any given time usually exclusively on a company owned server. Non-MMOGs, such as Battlefield 1942 or Half-Life usually have less than 50 players online (per server) and are usually played on private servers. Also, MMOGs usually do not have any significant mods since the game must work on company servers. There is some debate if a high head-count is the requirement to be a MMOG. Some say that it is the size of the game world and its capability to support a large number of players that should matter. For example, despite technology and content constraints, most MMOGs can fit up to a few thousand players on a single game server at a time.
To support all those players, MMOGs need large-scale game worlds. In MMOGs, large areas of the game are interconnected within the game such that a player can traverse vast distances without having to switch servers manually. For example, Tribes comes with a number of large maps a server plays in rotation (one at a time), but in the MMOG PlanetSide all map-like areas of the game are accessible via flying, driving, or teleporting.
In a new mmo development, the space sim Eve Online has up to over 17,000 people playing simultaneously on the one server. This is different to most other mmos that might have a far bigger player base but spreads them over a large number of servers.
There are few more common differences between MMOGs and other online games. Most MMOGs charge the player a monthly fee to have access to the exclusive servers. The game state in a MMOG rarely resets; what the player earned yesterday is with them still today. MMOGs often feature in-game support for clans and guilds, such as the ability to manage an association with in-game tools.
The boundaries between multiplayer online games and MMOGs are not always clear or obvious. Neverwinter Nights (2002) and Diablo II are usually called online role-playing games (RPGs) but are also sometimes called MMORPGs (a type of MMOG). Guild Wars has been called an MMORPG, but most of its gameplay involves small groups of players in private areas. That game's developer prefers the term "competitive online role-playing game".
Types of MMOGs
Guild Wars games.]]
There are several types of massively multiplayer online games.
MMORPG
Massive multiplayer online role-playing games, known as MMORPGs, are perhaps the most famous type of MMOG. See MMORPG and list of MMORPGs for more information.
MMOFPS
Several MMO first-person shooters have been made. These games provide large-scale, team-based combat. The addition of persistence in the game world means that these games add elements typically found in RPGs, such as experience points. The first MMOFPS was probably 10SIX, released in 2000. Other popular MMOFPS games include World War II Online and PlanetSide. See massively multiplayer online first-person shooter for more information. For building your own MMOFPS, there are now free MMOG game engines, like Kaneva.
MMORTS
A number of developers have attempted to bring real-time strategy games into the MMOG fray. Some notable MMORTS games include Mankind and Shattered Galaxy. See massively multiplayer online real-time strategy for more information.
Others
Most other MMOs are apparently simulation games, such as Motor City Online, The Sims Online (though this is often called an MMORPG), Ace of Angels, and Jumpgate. There are also games like Second Life, Furcadia and There that derive from the tradition of MUSHes, emphasizing socializing and world-building.
In April 2004, the United States Army announced that it is developing a massively multiplayer training simulation called AWE (asymmetric warfare environment) that was expected to begin operation among soldiers by June. The purpose of AWE is to train soldiers for urban warfare and there are no plans for a public commercial release. Forterra Systems Inc. is developing it for the Army based on the There engine. [http://www.gamespot.com/news/2004/04/21/news_6093860.html]
Alternate reality games (ARGs) can be massively multiplayer, allowing thousands of players worldwide to co-operate in puzzle trails and mystery solving. ARGs take place in a unique mixture of online and real-world play that usually does not involve a persistent world, and are not necessarily multiplayer, making them different from MMOGs.
Considered by some to be a MMORPG, Castle Infinity was the first MMOG developed for children. Its gameplay, however, is somewhere between puzzle and adventure, making it more like a massively multiplayer platformer than a MMORPG.
'Quick Fix' MMOGs, such as Racing Frogs are MMOGs that can be played with only a small amount of time every day.
External links and references
- [http://mmogchart.com MMOGCHART.COM] - Research on MMOGs
- [http://www.MMOG-Welten.de MMOG Portal] - MMOG + MMORPG Portal
Category:Computer and video game genres
Category:Browser-based gamesComputer games played primarily through a web browser.
Category:Computer and video games by platform
Category:Computer and video game websites
Category:Internet games
Mikhailo Shcherbatov
Prince Mikhailo Mikhailovich Shcherbatov (July 22, 1733 - December 12, 1790) was a leading ideologue and exponent of the Russian Enlightenment, on the par with Mikhail Lomonosov and Nikolay Novikov. His view of human nature and social progress is kindred to Swift's pessimism.
Scherbatov's father was a governor-general of Moscow and a Rurikid prince. His belonging to the oldest of Russian families may explain Scherbatov's life-long interest in the national history. In a series of articles published in 1759-61 he defended serfdom and upheld ancient provileges of nobility which had been repealed by Peter the Great.
When elected by the nobility of Yaroslavl to represent their interests at the Legislative Assembly of 1767, Shcherbatov virulently slammed the existing institutions of the Russian Empire. He caught the attention of the Empress and was appointed imperial historian in 1768 and president of a ministry in 1778. He worked in the Senate from 1779 to 1786.
Scherbatov's History of Russia from the Earliest Times, of which seven volumes appeared between 1771 and 1791, is imbued with rationalistic ideals of the Age of Reason. He thought that inequality was inherent to human nature and illustrated this tenet in the first Russian utopia, entitled Journey to the Land of Ophyr (1783). Scherbatov's final and probably most lasting work was a scathing attack on the contemporary social customs in the treatise On the Corruption of Morals in Russia, published in 1797.
Shcherbatov Shcherbatov Shcherbatov Shcherbatov Shcherbatov Shcherbatov Shcherbatov Shcherbatov
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