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Virgilkapelle

Virgilkapelle

The Virgilkapelle is a rectangular crypt with a size approximately 6 meters by 10 meters. The underground vault has 6 niches and lies 12 meters underneath Stephansplatz near Stephansdom. Category:Buildings and structures in Vienna

Crypt

: Crypt is also a commonly used name of water trumpets, aquatic plants. water trumpet water trumpet]] In medieval terms, a crypt (from the Latin crypta and the Greek kryptē) is a stone chamber or vault, usually beneath the floor of a church, usually containing tombs of important personalities such as saints or saints' relics, or high ranking church officials. Churches were occasionally raised above ground level to accommodate a crypt at the ground level, such as St. Michael's Church in Hildesheim, Germany. Crypts are typically found below the apse such as at Saint-Germain en Auxerre, but occasionally found beneath church wings and naves. First known in the early Christian period, in particular North Africa at Orleansville and Djemila in Algeria, and Byzantium at Saint John Studio in Constantinople, crypts were first used and spread widely in western Europe under Charlemagne, they are most common in the early medieval West, for example in Burgundy at Dijon and Tournus. After the 10th century the need for crypts faded, when Church officials permitted relics to be held in the main level of the church. By the Gothic period crypts were rarely built. In modern terms a crypt is a stone chamber or vault used to store the deceased. Crypts are usually found in cemeteries and in religious buildings such as cathedrals but are also occasionally found on personal estates. Wealthy or prestigious families will often have a "family crypt" in which all members of the family are stored. Many royal families, for example, have vast crypts containing the bodies of dozens of former royals. In some localities an above ground crypt is more commonly called a mausoleum, which also refers to any elaborate building intended as a burial place, for one or any number of people. Category:Death customs

Stephansdom

The Stephansdom (Cathedral of Saint Stephen), in Vienna, Austria, is the seat of a Roman Catholic Archbishop, a beloved symbol of Vienna and the site of many important events in Austria's national life.

History

The cathedral was first built as a parish church in 1147 and rebuilt and enlarged over the centuries, with major new work concluding in 1511, but repair and restoration has continued from the beginning to the present day. It had previously been thought that the church had been built in an open field outside the city walls, but during excavations for a long-awaited heating system during 2000, graves carbon-dated to the fourth century were found 8 feet (2.5m) below the surface. The 430 skeletons were then moved to the catacombs. Thousands of others must have been buried in the ancient cemetery of this neighborhood starting in Roman times, and this (instead of St. Ruprecht's Church) could be the oldest church site in Vienna. The first recorded church here was founded in 1137 by Duke Leopold IV in a contract with Reginmar, Bishop of Passau. The church was dedicated to St. Stephen, the patron of the bishop's cathedral in Passau. The first church building was built in Romanesque style and consecrated ten years later. The present west wall and Roman towers date from 1237. After a great fire in the city in 1258, a larger replacement structure was consecrated in 1263 incorporating the Roman towers. In 1304 Emperor Albert I ordered construction of a Gothic 3-naved choir, further east of the church and wide enough to attach to the tips of the old transepts. Work continued under his son Duke Albert II and it was consecrated on 23 April 1340 (an anniversary highlighted each year by a rare ringing of the Pummerin, for three minutes in the evening). The theme of the north nave furnishings was St. Mary, the middle nave was for St. Stephen and All the Saints, and the Apostles were honored in the south nave. This part of the present cathedral east of the present transepts is called the Albertine Choir. His son Duke Rudolf IV (who is called "the founder") laid the cornerstone in the vicinity of the present south tower in 1359 for a Gothic extention of Albert's choir westward to encapsulate the existing second church. That old church was then removed from inside the new one. (A bunch of other stuff happened in between, which will be added here.) The Stephansdom was saved from deliberate destruction by retreating German forces during World War II when Captain Gerhard Klinkicht disregarded orders from the city commandant, Sepp Dietrich, to "fire a hundred shells and leave it in just debris and ashes." One of the fires set by plunderers as Russian troops entered the city was carried by the wind to the cathedral and it was severely damaged on 12 April 1945. Fortunately, protective brick shells had been built around the Pulpit, Frederick III's tomb and other treasures so damage to the most valuable artworks was minimzed. Unfortunately, the beautifully-carved choir stalls from 1487 burned. Rebuilding started immediately, with a partial reopening on 12 December 1948 and full reopening on 23 April 1952.

Exterior

1952 The Romanesque and gothic cathedral is 107 meters (351 feet) long and 34 meters (111.5 feet) wide. The soot accumulated over centuries has been removed in recent years, changing it from a black-colored structure to a white one.

Towers

The massive south tower is the dominent feature of the Vienna skyline at 136 meters (445 feet) and is affectionatly called Steffl ("Steve") by the Viennese. It served as the main observation and command post for the defense of the walled city during the Siege of Vienna in 1523 and again during the second siege in 1683. It is as much the most recognized symbol of Vienna as the Eiffel Tower is of another city. Its construction took 65 years to complete, from 1368 to 1433, and it contains an apartment for the watchmen who, for centuries (ending in 1955), manned the tower during the night to ring its bells if they spotted a fire. [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;ikufo=;N_kufo=0;R_kufo=%3D;iauen=;N_auen=1;R_auen=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i025=Stephansdom;N_025=3;R_025=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=4;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=5;R_029=%3D;i037=;N_037=6;R_037=%3D;i038=;N_038=7;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=8;R_039=%3D;i040e=;N_040e=9;R_040e=%3D;i027=Turmhelm%20-%20au%DFen;N_027=10;R_027=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0000961 The tip of the tower] has the double eagle imperial emblem with the Habsburg-Lorraine coat of arms on its chest, surmounted by the double-armed apostolic cross symbolic of the emperors' style Apostolic Majesty as kings of Hungary. The north tower, planned as a twin to the south tower, has not been completed and is only half as tall, at 68 meters (223 feet). It was given a temporary cap that the Viennese call the "water tower top" when its construction paused in 1511. Construction has not yet resumed. On the left and on the right from the main entrance are the two Roman towers which are about 65 meters (215 feet) tall. They are called "Roman" (heidnischen in old Viennese dialect) because they were built from rubble of structures built by the Romans during their their occupation of the city site. They each house a lower and an upper storey chapel, and although the south Roman tower lost its bells during World War II, the north one is still a working bell tower.

Roof

A glory of the Stephansdom is its ornately patterned, richly colored roof, 110 meters (361 feet) long, and covered by 230,000 glazed tiles. Above the choir, on one side of the building the tiles form a mosaic of the double-headed eagle that is symbolic of the empire ruled from Vienna by the Habsburg dynasty, and on the other the coats of arms of the City of Vienna and of the Republic of Austria are depicted. In 1945, fire caused by World War II damage to nearby buildings lept to the north tower of the Stephansdom and went on to destroy the roof. Replicating the original bracing for so large a roof (it rises 38 meters above the top of the walls) would have required an entire square kilometer of forest, so over 600 metric tons of [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=dach;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0007222 steel bracing] were used instead. The roof is so steep (an 80-degree pitch in some areas) that it is sufficiently cleaned by the rain alone and is never covered by snow.

Bells

The cathedral has 23 bells. The largest is officially named for St. Mary, but usually called Pummerin ("Boomer") and hangs in the north tower. At 20,130 kilograms (44,000 pounds), it is the largest in Austria and the second largest swinging bell in Europe (after the 23,500-kilogram (52,000-pound) Peter in Cologne Cathedral). [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=historisches;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0007332 Originally cast] in 1711 from cannons captured from the Muslim invaders, it was recast (partly from its original metal) in 1951 after crashing onto the floor when [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=historisches;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0015706 its wooden cradle] burned during the 1945 fire. The [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=historisches;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0014700 new bell] has a diameter of 3.14 meters (9.6 feet) and was a gift from the province of Upper Austria. It sounds on only a few special occasions each year, including the arrival of the new year. There are three other bells hanging in this tower, but they are older and no longer used. A peal of eleven [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=historisches;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0001724 electrically operated] bells, cast in 1960, hangs in the soaring south tower. Replacements for other ancient bells also lost in the 1945 fire, they are used during Masses at the cathedral: four are used for an ordinary Mass; the quantity increases to as many as ten for a major holiday Mass; and the eleventh and largest is added when the Cardinal Archbishop of Vienna himself is present. From the largest to the smallest, they are named the St. Stephen (5,700kg); St. Leopold (2,300kg); St. Christopher (1,350kg); St. Leonhard (950kg); St. Josef (700kg); St. Peter Canisius (400kg); St. Pius X (280kg); All Saints (200kg); St. Clement Maria Hofbauer (120kg); St. Michael (60kg); and St. Tarsicius (35kg). Also in this tallest tower are the Primglocke (recast in 1772) and the Uhrschälle (cast in 1449), which mark the passing of the hours. The north Roman tower contains six bells, five of which were cast in 1772, that ring for evening prayers and toll for funerals. They are working bells of the cathedral and their names usually recall their original uses: Feuerin ("fire alarm" but now used as a call to evening prayers) cast in 1859; Kantnerin (calling the cantors (musicians) to Mass); Feringerin (used for High Mass on Sundays); Bieringerin ("beer ringer" for last call at taverns); Poor Souls (the funeral bell); and Churpötsch (donated by the local curia in honor of the Maria Pötsch icon in the cathedral). The 1945 fire destroyed the bells that hung in the south Roman tower. It is said that the composer Ludwig van Beethoven discovered the totality of his deafness when he saw birds flying out of the bell tower as a result of the bells' tolling but couldn't hear the bells.

Fixtures

Along the outside walls of the cathedral can be seen
- the spot where the body of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was blessed after his funeral inside.
- the outdoor pulpit where St. John Capistrano preached a crusade in 1454 to hold back Muslim invasions of Christian Europe.
- a figure affectionately known to the Viennese as "Christ with a toothache," from the agonized expression of his face.
- various other memorials, from the time the area outside the cathedral was a cemetery.
- a recently-restored 15th century sundial, on a flying buttress at the southwest corner.

Interior

flying buttress

Altars

There are 18 altars in the main part of the church, and more in the various chapels. The High Altar and the Wiener Neustädt Altar are the most famous.

High Altar

The first focal point of any visitor is the distant High Altar, built over seven years from 1641 to 1647 as part of the first refurbishment of the cathedral in the baroque style. The altar was built by the Tobias Pock at the direction of Vienna's Bishop Philipp Friedrich Graf Breuner with marble from Poland, Styria and Tyrol. The altarpiece shows the stoning of St. Stephan, this church's patron. It is framed by figures of the patron saints of the surrounding areas — Saints Leopold, Florian, Sebastian and Rochus — and surmounted with a statute of St. Mary which draws the beholder's eye to a glimpse of heaven where Christ waits for Stephan (the first martyr) to ascend from below.

Wiener Neustädter Altar

This altar at the head of the left aisle was made in 1447 on the orders of Emperor Frederick III, whose tomb is opposite it, at the head of the right aisle. On the predella is his famous A.E.I.O.U. device. Frederick ordered it for the Cistercian monastery in Viktring (near Klagenfurt) where it remained until the monastery was closed in 1786 as part of Emperor Joseph II's anti-clerical reforms. It was then sent to the Cistercian monastery of St. Bernard (founded by Emperor Frederick III) in the city of Wiener Neustadt, and finally sold in 1885 to the Stephansdom when that the Wiener Neustadt monastery was closed after merging with the Heiligenkreuz monastery. A project to restore the altar was begun on the 100th anniversary, in 1985, and, primarily because of the large surface area (100 square meters) involved, took 20 years, 10 art restorers, 40,000 man-hours, and €1.3 million to complete. The altarpiece is composed of two triptychs, the upper being four times taller than the lower one. When the lower panels are opened, the gothic grate of the former reliquary depot above the altar is revealed. On weekdays, the four panels are closed and display a drab painted scene involving 72 saints. On Sundays, the panels are opened showing gilded wooden figures depicting events in the life of the Virgin Mary.

Maria Pócs (Maria Pötsch) Icon

This Byzantine style icon of St. Mary with the child Jesus was originally in the Uniate church in the Hungarian town of Pócs (pronounced Poach), from which this Marian icon takes its name. After two miraculous incidents in 1696 of the mother in the picture shedding real tears, Emperor Leopold I, king of Hungary, ordered it brought to the Stephansdom, where it would safe from the Muslim armies that still controlled much of Hungary. Upon its arrival after a triumphal 5-month journey in 1697, Empress Eleonora Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg commissioned the splendid [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=maria;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0016739 Rosa Mystica oklad and framework] (now one of several) for it, and the Emperor personally ordered the icon [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=historisches;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0013529 placed near the High Altar] in the front of the church, where it stood prominently from 1697 until 1945. Since then, it has been in a different framework, [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=maria;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0007012 above an altar] under a mideval stone baldachin near the southwest corner of the nave — where the many burning candles indicate the extent of its veneration, especially by Hungarians. The 20 by 28-inch icon was commissioned in 1676 from painter Istvan Papp by Laszlo Csigri upon his release as a prisoner of war from the Turks who were invading Hungary at the time. Perhaps Csigri was unable to pay the 6-ducat fee, because the icon was bought by Laszlo Hurta who donated it to the church in Pócs. [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=P%F6tsch%20;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0014861 The picture shows] the mother pointing to the child (signifying he is the way), and the child holds a three-stemmed rose (symbolizing the holy trinity) and wears a prescient cross from his neck. Since its arrival the picture has not been seen to weep again (perhaps because it enjoys the Gemütlichkeit of Vienna) but other miracles and answered prayers have been attributed to it, including Prince Eugene of Savoy's victory over the Turks at Zenta a few weeks after the icon's installation in the Stephandom. The residents of Pócs wanted their holy miracle-working painting returned, but the emperor sent them a copy instead. Since then, the copy has been reported to weep real tears and work miracles, so the village changed its name from merely Pócs to Máriapócs and has become an important pilgrimage site.

Pulpit

Máriapócs's signature mark on the shield above the window, leading to speculation that this a self-portrait of the sculptor.]] A masterwork of late gothic sculpture is the stone pulpit. Long attributed to Anton Pilgram, today Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden is thought more likely to be the carver. So that the local language sermon could be better heard by the worshipers in the days before microphones and loud speakers, [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=kanzel;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0007009 the pulpit stands] against a pillar out in the nave, instead of in the chancel at the front of the church. The sides of the pulpit erupt like stylized petals from the stem supporting it. On those gothic petals are relief portraits of the four original Doctors of the Church (St. Augustine of Hippo, St. Ambrose, St. Gregory the Great and St. Jerome), each of them in one of four different temperments and in one of four different stages of life. The handrail of the stairway curving its way around the pillar from ground level to the pulpit has decorations of toads and lizards biting each other, symbolizing the fight of good against evil. At the top of the stairs, a stone puppy protects the preacher from intruders. Beneath the stairs is one of the most beloved symbols of the cathedral: a stone self-portrait of the unknown sculptor gawking (Ger. "gooken") out of a window (Ger. "fenster") and thus famously known as the Fenstergucker.

Tombs

It has always been an honor to be allowed to be buried inside a church, thus close to the physical presence of the saints whose relics are preserved there. Those less honoured were buried near (but outside) the church. Since its earliest days, the Stephansdom has been surrounded by cemeteries dating back to Roman times, and has sheltered the bodies of notables and commoners.

Ground Floor

In the cathedral may be seen the tombs of
- Emperor Frederick III, (21 September 1415 - 19 August 1493) under whose reign Vienna obtained its own bishop. His motto "A.E.I.O.U." became synonymous with Austria. Constructed over a span of 45 years, starting 25 years before the emperor's death, this impressive sarcophagus is made of the unusually dense red marble found at the Adnet quarry. Carved by Niclaes Gerhaert van Leyden, [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=friedrichsgrab;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0012961 the tomb lid] shows Emperor Frederick in his coronation regalia surrounded by the coats of arms of all of his dominions. The body of the tomb has 240 statues and is a glory of medieval sculptural art. [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=friedrichsgrab;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0013694 It is prominent] in the southeast corner of the cathedral.
- Prince Eugene of Savoy, (16 October 1663 – 24 April 1736) commander of the Imperial forces during the War of the Spanish Succession, and others to repel Muslim invasions. [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=eugen;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0006752 His vault is in the large chapel named for him], in the northwest corner of the cathedral. That chapel has several other names, among them Chapel of The Cross and the beard on the crucifed Christ above the altar is of real hair.

Catacombs

When the charnel house and eight cemetaries against the Stephansdom's side and back walls were closed due to an outbreak of bubonic plague in 1735), the bones within them were moved to the catacombs below the church. Burials directly in the catacombs occurred until 1783, when a new law forbade most burials within the city. The remains of over 11,000 persons are in the catacombs (which may be toured).

Bishops Crypt

The most recent interrment [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=gruft;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0008355 in this crypt] (completed in 1952) under the south choir was that of Cardinal Franz König in 2004.

Pastoral Crypt

Ducal Crypt

A crypt under the chancel holds 78 containers with the bodies, hearts, or viscera of 72 members of the Habsburg dynasty. Before his death in 1365, Duke Rudolf IV had ordered such a crypt to be built for his remains in the new cathedral he commissioned. By 1758 the small rectangular chamber was overcrowded with 12 sarcophagi and 39 urns, so the area was expanded with an oval chamber being added adjacent to the east end of the rectangular one. In 1956 the two chambers were renovated and their [http://www.deca-forum.net/deca-cgi/getdoc_e.pl?DEF=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Chida;DATEN=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cdata;THE=d%3A%5Cdata%5Cdeca%5Cidx;USER=bild;DOK_TPL=deca_doc_e.tpl;LIST_TPL=deca_list_e.tpl;FCT=g;iftxt=;N_ftxt=0;R_ftxt=%3D;ikufo=;N_kufo=1;R_kufo=%3D;i024=wien;N_024=2;R_024=%3D;i031e=;N_031e=3;R_031e=%3D;i029=;N_029=4;R_029=%3D;i038=;N_038=5;R_038=%3D;i039=historisches;N_039=6;R_039=%3D&KEY=fot%20w0008329 contents] were rearranged. The sarcophagi of Duke Rudolf IV and his wife were placed upon a pedestal and the 62 urns containing organs were moved from the two rows of shelves around the new chamber to cabinets in the original one.

Conservation and Restoration

Preservation and repair of the fabric of the mideval cathedral has been a continuous process at the Stephansdom since its original contruction in 1147. The porous limestone is subject to weathering, but coating it with a sealer like silicone would simply trap moisture inside the stone and cause it to crack faster when the water freezes. The permanent Dombauhütte (Construction Department) uses the latest scientific techniques (including laser cleaning of delicate features on stonework), and is investigating a process that would impregnate the cavaties within the stone with something that would keep water from having a place to infiltrate. The most visible current repair project is a multi-year renovation of the tall south tower, for which scaffolding has been installed. Fees from advertising on the netting around the scaffolding were defraying some of the costs of the work, but the concept of such advertising was controversial and has been discontinued. Systematic cleaning of the interior is gradually proceeding around the walls, and an outdoor relief of Christ in Gethsemane is being restored. Recently completed is a giant project for which visitors and worshipers in the Stephansdom had been waiting since 1147: better heating of the church during the winter. Previous systems, including fireplaces, just deposited soot and grease on the artwork, but the new system uses apparatus in many different locations so that there is little moving airflow to carry damaging particles. The church is now heated to around 10° C. (50° F.). Some of the architectual drawings date from the middle ages and are on paper 15 feet long and too fragile to handle. Laser measurements of the ancient cathedral have now been made so that a digital 3-dimensional virtual model of the cathedral now exists in its computers, and detailed modern plans can be output at will. When weathered stonework needs to be repaired or replaced, the computerized system can create life-sized models to guide the nine full-time stonemasons on staff in the on-site workshops against the north wall of the cathedral.

Other Facts

The Stephansdom is depicted in a small oval on the packaging of the Manner-Schnitten wafer treat.

References

[http://www.stephansdom.at/data/derdom/einfuehrung/index.php Official Website of the Stephansdom] (in German) :[http://www.dommuseum.at/ of the Museum] (in German) :[http://www.dombauwien.at/ of the Permanent Construction Office] (in German) :[http://stephanscom.at of the Archdiocese of Vienna] (in German) [http://www.st.stephan.at/dompfarre/PDF/Pfarrblatt_0902.pdf About the Bells] (in German) [http://www.deca-forum.net/e_index.htm Digital European Cathedral Archives]

See also


- List of tallest churches Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Europe Category:Gothic architecture category:Churches in Vienna

Category:Buildings and structures in Vienna

Category:Vienna Vienna Vienna

Categoria:Ursídeos

Esta categoria contém artigos sobre animais pertencentes à família Ursidae. Categoria:Carnívoros

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