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| James B. Sumner |
James B. SumnerJames Batcheller Sumner (November 19, 1887 – August 12, 1955) was an American chemist. He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 with John Howard Northrop.
Education
Sumner graduated from Harvard University with a bachelor's degree in 1910. In 1912, he went to study biochemistry in Harvard Medical School and obtained his Ph.D. degree in 1914. He then worked as Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at the Weill Medical College of Cornell University.
Research
It was at Cornell where Sumner began his research into isolating enzymes in pure form; a feat which had never been achieved before. The enzyme he worked with was urease.
Sumner's work was unsuccessful for many years and many of his colleagues were doubtful, believing that what he was trying to achieve was impossible, but in 1926 he discovered that even low molecular weight enzymes could be isolated and crystallized. His successful research brought him to full professorship in 1929.
Awards
In 1937, he was given a Guggenheim Fellowship and he spent five months in Sweden working with Professor Theodor Svedberg. Also that year, John Howard Northrop of the Rockefeller Institute obtained crystalline pepsin making it clear that Sumner had devised a general crystallization method for enzymes and he was awarded the Scheel Medal in Stockholm.
Both Sumner and Northrop shared the Nobel Prize in 1946 for crystallization of enzymes. Sumner was elected to the National Academy of Science in 1948. Sumner died aged 67 of cancer on August 12 1955.
Notes
While hunting at age 17, Sumner was accidentally shot by a companion and as a result his left arm had to be amputated just below the elbow.
External link
- [http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1946/sumner-bio.html James B. Sumner - biography]
- [http://uk.geocities.com/hertouyt/cgi-bin/sumner-speech.html discovery that enzymes can be crystallized.]
Sumner, James B.
Sumner, James B.
Sumner, James B.
Sumner, James B.
November 19
November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 42 days remaining.
Events
- 461 - St. Hilarius becomes Pope.
- 1493 - Christopher Columbus goes ashore on an island he first saw the day before. He names it San Juan Bautista (later renamed Puerto Rico).
- 1794 - The United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign Jay's Treaty, which attempts to clear up some of the lingering problems left over from the American Revolutionary War.
- 1816 - Warsaw University is established.
- 1850 - Alfred Lord Tennyson becomes Poet Laureate, a position he held until his death in 1892.
- 1863 - American Civil War: Union President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the military cemetery dedication ceremony in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
- 1881 - A meteorite lands near the village of Großliebenthal, southwest of Odessa, Ukraine.
- 1916 - Samuel Goldfish (later renamed Samuel Goldwyn) and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Company (the company later became one of the most successful independent filmmakers.)
- 1924 - In Los Angeles, California, famous silent film director Thomas Ince ("The Father of the Western") dies of a heart attack in his bed (rumors soon surface that he was shot dead by publishing tycoon William Randolph Hearst.)
- 1941 - World War II: Battle between HMAS Sydney and HSK Kormoran. The two ships sink each other off the coast of Western Australia, with the loss of 645 Australians and about 77 German seamen.
- 1942 - World War II: Battle of Stalingrad - Soviet Union forces under General Georgy Zhukov launch the Operation Uranus counterattacks at Stalingrad, turning the tide of the battle in the USSR's favor.
- 1944 - World War II: US President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces the 6th War Loan Drive, aimed at selling US$14 billion in war bonds to help pay for the war effort.
- 1946 - Afghanistan, Iceland and Sweden join the United Nations.
- 1954 - Sammy Davis, Jr. loses his left eye in an automobile accident in San Bernardino, California.
- 1959 - Ford Motor Company announces the discontinuation of the unpopular Edsel.
- 1961 - Michael Rockefeller, son of New York governor Nelson Rockefeller, disappears in the jungles near Atsj, Papua New Guinea.
- 1967 - The Establishment of TVB, the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong.
- 1969 - Apollo program: Apollo 12 astronauts Charles Conrad and Alan Bean land at Oceanus Procellarum ("Ocean of Storms") and become the third and fourth humans to walk on the Moon.
- 1973 - American football player Lance Rentzel is arrested for exposing himself to a ten-year-old girl; he is later sentenced to five years' probation.
- 1977 - Egyptian President Anwar Sadat becomes the first Arab leader to officially visit Israel, when he meets with Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin and speaks before the Knesset in Jerusalem, seeking a permanent peace settlement.
- 1977 - Transportes Aereos Portugueses Boeing 727 crashes in Madeira islands killing 130
- 1979 - Iran hostage crisis: Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US Embassy in Tehran.
- 1984 - A series of explosions at the PEMEX petroleum storage facility at San Juan Ixhuatepec in Mexico City ignites a major fire and kills about 500 people.
- 1985 - Cold War: In Geneva, US President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
- 1985 - Pennzoil wins a US$10.53 billion verdict against Texaco, in the largest civil verdict in U.S. history, stemming from Texaco establishing a signed contract to buy Getty Oil after Pennzoil had entered into an unsigned, yet still binding, buyout contract with Getty.)
- 1990 - Pop group Milli Vanilli are stripped of their Grammy Award because the duo did not sing at all on the “Girl You Know It’s True” album. Session musicians had provided all the vocals.
- 1994 - In Britain, the first National Lottery draw was held. A £1 ticket gives a one-in-14-million chance of correctly guessing the winning six out of 49 numbers.
- 1996 - Lt. Gen. Maurice Baril of Canada arrives in Africa to lead the multi national force in Zaire.
- 1997 - In Des Moines, Iowa, Bobbi McCaughey gives birth to septuplets in the second known case where all seven babies were born alive.
- 1998 - Lewinsky scandal: The United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee begins impeachment hearings against US President Bill Clinton.
- 1998 - Vincent van Gogh's Portrait of the Artist Without Beard sells at auction for US$71.5 million.
- 1999 - Shenzhou 1: The People's Republic of China launches its first Shenzhou spacecraft.
- 1999 - In Istanbul, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ends a two-day summit by calling for a political settlement in Chechnya and adopting a Charter for European Security.
- 2004 - The Malice at The Palace brawl between the Detroit Pistons and the Indiana Pacers occurs.
Births
- 1464 - Emperor Go-Kashiwabara of Japan (d. 1526)
- 1563 - Robert Sidney, 1st Earl of Leicester, English statesman (d. 1626)
- 1600 - King Charles I of England (d. 1649)
- 1600 - Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (d. 1669)
- 1617 - Eustache Le Sueur, French painter (d. 1655)
- 1700 - Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot and physicist (d. 1770)
- 1711 - Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian writer and polymath (d. 1765)
- 1722 - Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (d. 1809)
- 1722 - Benjamin Chew, Chief Justice of colonial Pennsylvania (d. 1810)
- 1805 - Ferdinand de Lesseps, French diplomat and Suez Canal engineer (d. 1894)
- 1831 - James A. Garfield, 20th President of the United States (d. 1881)
- 1833 - Wilhelm Dilthey, German philosopher (d. 1911)
- 1843 - Richard Avenarius, German philosopher (d. 1896)
- 1859 - Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer (d. 1935)
- 1862 - Billy Sunday, American evangelist (d. 1935)
- 1875 - Mikhail I. Kalinin, President of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (d. 1946)
- 1883 - Ned Sparks, Canadian actor (d. 1957)
- 1887 - James B. Sumner, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
- 1888 - José Raúl Capablanca, Cuban chess player (d. 1942)
- 1889 - Clifton Webb, American actor (d. 1966)
- 1893 - René Voisin, French classical trumpet player
- 1897 - Quentin Roosevelt, son of United States President Theodore Roosevelt (d. 1918)
- 1898 - Arthur R. von Hippel, German-born physicist (d. 2003)
- 1899 - Allen Tate, American poet and critic (d. 1979)
- 1900 - Mikhail Lavrentyev, Russian scientist (d. 1980)
- 1900 - Anna Seghers, German writer (d. 1983)
- 1905 - Tommy Dorsey, American bandleader (d. 1956)
- 1907 - Jack Schaefer, American author (d. 1991)
- 1909 - Peter Drucker, American management theorist (d. 2005)
- 1912 - George Emil Palade, Romanian cell biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1915 - Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr., American physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- 1917 - Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India (d. 1984)
- 1919 - Alan Young, British-born American actor (Mister Ed)
- 1920 - Gene Tierney, American actress (d. 1991)
- 1921 - Roy Campanella, baseball player (d. 1993)
- 1922 - Yuri Knorosov, Russian epigrapher (d. 1999)
- 1924 - William Russell, British actor
- 1926 - Jeane Kirkpatrick, U. S. Ambassador to the United Nations
- 1929 - Slavko Avsenik, Slovenian musician
- 1929 - Norman Cantor, Canadian medieval scholar (d. 2004)
- 1933 - Larry King, American television interviewer
- 1935 - Bob Gibson, baseball player
- 1935 - Rashad Khalifa, Egyptian imam (d. 1990)
- 1936 - Dick Cavett, American talk show host
- 1936 - Yuan T. Lee, Taiwanese-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1938 - Ted Turner, American businessman
- 1939 - Tom Harkin, U.S. Senator
- 1941 - Dan Haggerty, American actor
- 1942 - Calvin Klein, American clothing designer
- 1942 - Sharon Olds, American poet
- 1943 - Aurelio Monteagudo, Cuban-born Major League Baseball player (d. 1990)
- 1947 - Bob Boone, baseball player and manager
- 1947 - Lamar S. Smith, American politician
- 1949 - Ahmad Rashad, American football player and sportscaster
- 1951 - Lord Falconer, British lawyer and politician
- 1953 - Robert Beltran, American actor
- 1953 - Tom Villard, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1956 - Ann Curry, American journalist
- 1957 - Ofra Haza, Israeli singer (d. 2000)
- 1958 - Michael Wilbon, Sports Analyst
- 1960 - Elizabeth Hulette, American professional wrestler (d. 2003)
- 1960 - Allison Janney, American actress
- 1961 - Meg Ryan, American actress
- 1962 - Jodie Foster, American actress
- 1963 - Terry Farrell, American actress
- 1963 - Jon Potter, British field hockey player
- 1965 - Laurent Blanc, French footballer
- 1966 - Gail Devers, American athlete
- 1966 - Rocco DiSpirito, American chef
- 1966 - Jason Scott Lee, American actor
- 1969 - Terrence Carson, American actor
- 1972 - Sandrine Holt, Canadian actress
- 1973 - Savion Glover, American choreographer, actor, and dancer
- 1975 - Sushmita Sen, Indian beauty queen and actress
- 1976 - Jun Shibata, Japanese singer and songwriter
- 1985 - Chris Eagles, British footballer
Deaths
- 498 - Pope Anastasius II
- 1478 - Emperor Baeda Maryam of Ethiopia (b. 1448)
- 1492 - Jami, Persian poet (b. 1414)
- 1557 - Bona Sforza, Queen of Sigismund I of Poland (b. 1494)
- 1577 - Matsunaga Hisahide, Japanese warlord (b. 1510)
- 1598 - Yi Sun-sin, Korean admiral (killed in battle) (b. 1545)
- 1630 - Johann Schein, German composer (b. 1586)
- 1649 - Caspar Schoppe, German scholar (b. 1576)
- 1665 - Nicolas Poussin, French painter (b. 1594)
- 1672 - John Wilkins, English Bishop of Chester (b. 1614)
- 1682 - Prince Rupert of the Rhine, Royalist commander in the English Civil War (b. 1619)
- 1692 - Thomas Shadwell, English poet and playwright
- 1723 - Antoine Nompar de Caumont, French courtier and soldier (b. 1632)
- 1772 - William Nelson, American colonial governor of Virginia (b. 1711)
- 1773 - James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, Irish politician (b. 1722)
- 1785 - Bernard de Bury, French composer (b. 1720)
- 1798 - Wolfe Tone, Irish republican (b. 1763)
- 1804 - Pietro Guglielmi, Italian composer (b. 1728)
- 1810 - Jean-Georges Noverre, French dancer and ballet master (b. 1725)
- 1822 - Johann Georg Tralles, German mathematician and physicist (b. 1763)
- 1828 - Franz Schubert, Austrian composer (b. 1797)
- 1850 - Richard Mentor Johnson, American politician (b. 1780)
- 1883 - William Siemens, German engineer (b. 1823)
- 1887 - Emma Lazarus, American poet (b. 1859)
- 1897 - William Seymour Tyler, American educator and historian (b. 1810).
- 1915 - Joe Hill, American labor activist (executed) (b. 1879)
- 1918 - Joseph Fielding Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1838)
- 1924 - Thomas Ince, American film director (b. 1882)
- 1938 - Lev Shestov, Russian philosopher (b. 1866)
- 1942 - Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (shot) (b. 1892)
- 1960 - Phyllis Haver, American actress (b. 1899)
- 1967 - Charles Watters, US Army chaplain (b. 1927)
- 1974 - George Brunies, American musician (b. 1902)
- 1976 - Sir Basil Spence, British architect (b. 1907)
- 1985 - Stepin Fetchit, American actor and dancer (b. 1907)
- 1988 - Christina Onassis, daughter of billionaire, Aristotle Onassis. (b. 1950)
- 2004 - Piet Esser, Dutch sculptor (b. 1914)
- 2004 - John Robert Vane, British pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1927)
- 2005 - Erik Balling, Danish TV and film director (b. 1924)
Holidays and observances
- Church of England - Hilda of Whitby
- Also see November 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Mali - Liberation Day
- Monaco - Monegasque National Day
- Oman - Birthday of Sultan Qaboos bin Said
- Puerto Rico - Discovery of Puerto Rico (1493)
- United States - Equal Opportunity Day;
- United Arab Emirates - Pilgrimage
- World Toilet Day
External links
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/19 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20051119.html The New York Times: On This Day]
----
November 18 - November 20 - October 19 - December 19 -- listing of all days
ko:11월 19일
ms:19 November
ja:11月19日
simple:November 19
th:19 พฤศจิกายน
18871887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar).
Events
- January 6 - `Abd-allah II of Harar opens the Battle of Chelenqo with an attack on the camp of the Shewan army of Negus Menelik II early in the morning; prepared for the assault, the Negus orders a counter-attack which routs the enemy, resulting with the capture of Harar a few days later.
- January 20 - The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base.
- January 21 - The Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) is formed
- January 21 - Brisbane receives a daily rainfall of 465 millimetres - a record for any Australian capital city.
- January 26 - Battle of Dogali: Abyssinian troops defeat Italians
- January 28 - In a snowstorm at Fort Keogh, Montana, USA, the largest snowflakes on record are reported. They are 15 inches (38cm) wide and 8 inches (20cm) thick.
- February 2 - In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania the first Groundhog Day is observed.
- February 5 - The Giuseppe Verdi opera Otello premieres at La Scala
- February 23 - The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake, killing around 2,000.
- February 26 - At the SCG, George Lohmann becomes the first bowler to take eight wickets in a Test innings.
- March 3 - Anne Sullivan begins teaching Helen Keller
- March 4 - Gottlieb Daimler unveils his first automobile
- March 13 - Chester Greenwood patents earmuffs
- March 19 - Henry Cogswell College established by Henry D. Cogswell.
- April 4 - Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.
- April 20 - George Bouton wins the worlds first motor racing contest: he is the only participant
- May 3 - Earthquake in Sonora, Mexico
- May 9 - Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show opens in London.
- June 8 - Herman Hollerith receives a patent for his punch card calculator.
- June 18 - The Reinsurance Treaty is closed between Germany and Russia.
- June 21 - Britain celebrates a Golden Jubilee, marking the 50th year of Queen Victoria's reign. [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/page929.asp]
- June 23 - The Rocky Mountains Park Act becomes law in Canada, creating that nation's first national park, Banff National Park. [http://www.pc.gc.ca/apps/cseh-twih/archives2_E.asp?id=25]
- June 28 - Minot, North Dakota is incorporated as a city.
- July 26 - L. L. Zamenhof publishes "Dr. Esperanto's International Language".
- July 27 - Giuseppe Peano marries Carola Crosio
- October 1 - British Empire takes over Baluchistan
- November 10 - Louis Linga, sentenced to be hanged for his alleged role in the Haymarket Riot bomb, kills himself by dynamite
- In London, police and left-wing demonstrators clash. One dead. One of the participants is George Bernard Shaw.
- November 11 - August Spies, Albert Parsons, Adolph Fischer, George Engel, Louis Lingg, Michael Schwab, and Samuel Fielden hanged for inciting riot and murder in the Haymarket Riot of May 4, 1886.
- December 25 - Glenfiddich single malt Scotch whisky first ran from the stills of Glenfiddich Distillery. The whisky is still produced today by William Grant & Sons.
Unknown dates
- L. L. Zamenhof completes the creation of the initial version of Esperanto
- U.S. National Institutes of Health founded
- Teachers College, later part of Columbia University, is founded
- Thomas Stevens is 1st man to bicycle around the world
- Michelson-Morley experiment is performed
- Gramophone patented by Emile Berliner
- The New Gate is built in Jerusalem
- Comptometer patented by Dorr Eugene Felt
- The first All-Ireland Hurling and Football Finals are held
- Suez Canal is declared neutral
- Japan annexes Iwo Jima
- Zululand becomes a British colony
- Yellow river floods in China - 900,000 dead
- British nurses association organized
- Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn founded
- Spandau Prison in Berlin finished
- Portugal abolishes death penalty for murder
- Heinrich Hertz discovers electromagnetism
- US congress passes the Interstate Commerce Act
Births
January
- January 1 - Wilhelm Canaris, head of German military intelligence in World War II (d. 1945)
- January 3 - August Macke, German painter (d. 1914)
- January 19 - Alexander Woollcott, American intellectual (d. 1943)
- January 21 - Maude Davis, Oldest Person in the World (d. 2002)
- January 28 - Arthur Rubinstein, Polish-born pianist and conductor (d. 1982)
February
- February 1 - Charles Nordhoff, English-born author (d. 1947)
- February 2 - Pat Sullivan, Australian director and producer of animated films (d. 1933)
- February 3 - Georg Trakl, Austrian poet (d. 1914)
- February 6 - Josef Frings, Archbishop of Cologne (d. 1978)
- February 10 - John Franklin Enders, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1985)
- February 11 - Ernst Hanfstängl, German-born pianist and U.S. politician (d. 1975)
- February 11 - John van Melle Dutch-born writer (d. 1953)
- February 17 - Leevi Madetoja, Finnish composer (d. 1947)
- February 18 - Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek poet (d. 1957)
- February 20 - Vincent Massey, Governor-General of Canada (d. 1967)
- February 26 - Grover Cleveland Alexander, baseball player (d. 1950)
March
- March 3 - Rupert Brooke, English poet (d. 1915)
- March 5 - Heitor Villa-Lobos, Brazilian composer (d. 1959)
- March 9 - Phil Mead, English cricketer (d. 1958)
- March 14 - Sylvia Beach, American publisher in Paris (d. 1952)
- March 22 - Chico Marx, American comedian and actor (d. 1961)
- March 23 - Juan Gris, Spanish-born painter and graphic artist (d. 1927)
- March 23 - Prince Felix Yussupov, Russian assassin of Rasputin (d. 1967)
- March 24 - Fatty Arbuckle, American actor (d. 1933)
April-May
- April 10 - Bernardo Houssay, Argentine physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- May 2 - Eddie Collins, baseball player (d. 1951)
- May 5 - Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1972)
- May 11 - Paul Wittgenstein, Austrian-born pianist (d. 1951)
- May 26 - Paul Lukas, Hungarian-born actor (d. 1971)
- May 28 - Jim Thorpe, American athlete (d. 1953)
- May 31 - Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
June
- June 2 - Orrick Johns, American poet and playwright (d. 1946)
- June 22 - Julian Huxley, British biologist (d. 1975)
- June 25 - George Abbott, American playwright (d. 1995)
July
- July 7 - Marc Chagall, Russian-born painter (d. 1985)
- July 16 - Shoeless Joe Jackson, baseball player (d. 1951)
- July 18 - Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian politician and traitor (d. 1945)
- July 22 - Gustav Hertz, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
- July 28 - Marcel Duchamp, French-born artist (d. 1968)
- July 29 - Sigmund Romberg, Hungarian-born composer (d. 1951)
August
- August 12 - Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
- August 13 - Julius Freed, American inventor and banker (d. 1952)
- August 15 - Edna Ferber, American novelist (d. 1968)
- August 17 - Emperor Karl I of Austria (d. 1922)
- August 17 - Marcus Garvey, American publisher, entrepreneur, and black nationalist (d. 1940)
- August 20 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (b. 1860)
- August 24 - Harry Hooper, baseball player (d. 1974)
September
- September 1 - Blaise Cendrars, Swiss writer (d. 1961)
- September 3 - Frank Christian, jazz musician (d. 1973)
- September 13 - Lavoslav Ružička, Croatian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1976)
- September 16 - Nadia Boulanger, French composer and composition teacher (d. 1979)
- September 28 - Avery Brundage, American sports official
October
- October 1 - Violet Jessop, RMS Titanic survivor (d. 1971)
- October 5 - René Cassin, French judge, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1976)
- October 6 - Le Corbusier, Swiss architect (d. 1965)
- October 8 - Huntley Gordon, Canadian-born actor (d. 1956)
- October 22 - John Reed, American journalist (d. 1920)
- October 28 - Marcel Duchamp, French artist (d. 1968)
- October 31 - Chiang Kai-shek, Chinese Nationalist (d. 1975)
November
- November 6 - Walter Johnson, baseball player (d. 1946)
- November 10 - Arnold Zweig, German writer (d. 1968)
- November 17 - Bernard Montgomery, World War II British commander (d. 1976)
- November 19 - James B. Sumner, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
December
- December 12 - Kurt Atterberg, Swedish composer (d. 1974)
- December 22 - Srinivasa Aaiyangar Ramanujan, Indian mathematician (d. 1920)
Month/day unknown
- Joseph H. Choate, Jr., American politician and philanthropist (d. 1968)
- Pauline Sabin, American activist for repeal of prohibition in U.S. (d. 1955)
Deaths
- February 27 - Alexander Borodin, Russian composer (b. 1833)
- March 8 - Henry Ward Beecher, American clergyman and reformer (b. 1813)
- May 14 - Lysander Spooner, American philosopher and abolitionist (b. 1808)
- July 17 - Dorothea Dix, American social activist (b. 1802)
- July 25 - John Taylor, American religious leader (b. 1808)
- August 8 - Alexander William Doniphan, American lawyer and soldier (b. 1808)
- August 20 - Jules Laforgue, French poet (b. 1860)
- October 17 - Gustav Kirchhoff, German physicist (b. 1824)
- November 2 - Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano (b. 1820)
- November 8 - Doc Holliday, American gambler and gunfighter (b. 1851)
- November 19 - Emma Lazarus, American poet (b. 1859)
- December 5 - Eliza Roxcy Snow, American poet (b. 1804)
Category:1887
ko:1887년
ms:1887
simple:1887
th:พ.ศ. 2430
August 12August 12 is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 141 days remaining. It is also known as the "Glorious Twelfth" in the UK, as it marks the traditional start of the grouse shooting season.
Events
- 490 BC - the Battle of Marathon, in which Athens defeated an invasion army of Persians, may have been fought on this date in the proleptic Julian calendar - but see 12 September.
- 1099 - The First Crusade concluded with a decisive victory in the Battle of Ascalon over Fatimid forces under Al-Afdal Shahanshah.
- 1323 - Treaty of Nöteborg - Sweden and Novgorod (Russia) regulates the border for the first time
- 1332 - Battle of Dupplin Moor - Scots under the Earl of Mar routed by Edward Balliol
- 1676 - Praying Indian John Alderman shot and killed Metacomet the Wampanoag war chief, ending King Philip's War.
- 1851 - Isaac Singer granted a patent for his sewing machine
- 1854 - Count Gaston de Raousset Boulbon is executed by shooting, in regard to the Battle of Guaymas.
- 1877 - Asaph Hall discovers Deimos
- 1883 - The last quagga dies at the Artis Magistra zoo in Amsterdam
- 1898 - Armistice ends the Spanish-American War
- 1898 - The Hawaiian flag is lowered from Iolani Palace in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the American flag to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the Republic of Hawaii to the United States.
- 1908 - First Model T Ford built
- 1914 - World War I - Britain declares war on Austria-Hungary; British Empire countries automatically included.
- 1914 - World War I: Beginning of the Battle of Cer between Austria-Hungary and Serbia
- 1952 - The Night of the Murdered Poets - Prominent Jewish intellectuals were murdered in Moscow.
- 1953 - Nuclear testing: The Soviet atomic bomb project proceeded with the detonation of Joe 4, the first Soviet thermonuclear weapon.
- 1960 - Echo I, the first communications satellite, launched
- 1966 - Massacre of Braybrook Street as three policemen are shot dead in East Acton, London.
- 1966 - John Lennon apologizes at a Chicago news conference for saying the Beatles were "more popular than Jesus."
- 1978 - Japan and China sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and the People's Republic of China.
- 1981 - The IBM PC, an early personal computer, is introduced
- 1985 - Japan Airlines Flight 123, a Boeing 747 jumbo jet, crashes into Mount Ogura in Gunma Prefecture Japan killing 520 in the world's worst single-plane air disaster. Four people miraculously survive.
- 1990 - Sue, the most complete skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus rex, was discovered near Faith, South Dakota.
- 1992 - Canada, Mexico and the United States announce completion of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement.
- 1994 - The Woodstock '94 rock concert takes place.
- 1994 - Major League Baseball players go on strike. The work stoppage will force the cancellation of the World Series.
- 2000 - The Oscar class submarine K-141 Kursk of the Russian Navy exploded and sank in the Barents Sea during a military exercise.
- 2004 - Sweden's nine millionth inhabitant is born.
- 2004 - Lee Hsien Loong is sworn in as Singapore's 3rd Prime Minister.
- 2005 - Sri Lanka's foreign minister, Lakshman Kadirgamar, is fatally shot by a sniper in his home.
- 2005 - An F2 rated tornado strikes the coal mining town of Wright, Wyoming, destroying nearly 100 homes and killing two people.
- 2005 - Civil unrest provoked in the Maldives
Births
- 1503 - Christian III of Denmark and Norway (d. 1559)
- 1566 - Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain (d. 1633)
- 1604 - Tokugawa Iemitsu, Japanese shogun (d. 1651)
- 1626 - Giovanni Legrenzi, Italian composer (d. 1690)
- 1629 - Tsar Alexei I of Russia (d. 1676)
- 1643 - King Afonso VI of Portugal (d. 1683)
- 1644 - Heinrich Ignaz Biber, Bohemian composer (d. 1704)
- 1647 - Johann Heinrich Acker, German writer (d. 1719)
- 1686 - John Balguy, English philosopher (d. 1748)
- 1696 - Maurice Greene, English composer (d. 1755)
- 1720 - Konrad Ekhof, German actor (d. 1778)
- 1774 - Robert Southey, English poet and biographer (d. 1843)
- 1831 - Helena Blavatsky, Ukrainian-born author (d. 1891)
- 1859 - Katharine Lee Bates, American poet (d. 1929)
- 1866 - Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
- 1867 - Edith Hamilton, German classicist (d. 1963)
- 1876 - Mary Roberts Rinehart, American author (d. 1958)
- 1880 - Radclyffe Hall, British author (d. 1943)
- 1880 - Christy Mathewson, baseball player (d. 1925)
- 1881 - Cecil B. DeMille, American director (d. 1959)
- 1883 - Pauline Frederick, American actress (d. 1938)
- 1887 - Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
- 1892 - Alfred Lunt, American actor (d. 1977)
- 1904 - Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov, Tsarevich (d. 1918)
- 1906 - Pauline Frederick, American journalist (d. 1990)
- 1906 - Tedd Pierce, American animator (d. 1972)
- 1907 - Joe Besser, American actor and comedian (d. 1988)
- 1911 - Cantinflas, Mexican actor (d. 1993)
- 1911 - Jane Wyatt, American actress
- 1924 - Derek Shackleton, English cricketer
- 1924 - Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, leader of Pakistan (d. 1988)
- 1925 - Norris McWhirter, Scottish co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records (d. 2004)
- 1925 - Ross McWhirter, Scottish co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records (d. 1975)
- 1926 - John Derek, American actor (d. 1998)
- 1927 - Mstislav Rostropovich, Russian cellist and conductor
- 1927 - Porter Wagoner, American singer
- 1928 - Bob Buhl, baseball player (d. 2001)
- 1928 - Dan Curtis, film and television producer and director
- 1929 - Buck Owens, American singer
- 1930 - George Soros American businessman
- 1931 - William Goldman, American screenwriter
- 1932 - Somdej Phra Nangchao Sirikit Phra Boromarajininat HM Queen Sirikit of Thailand
- 1933 - Parnelli Jones, American race car driver
- 1939 - George Hamilton, American actor
- 1945 - Ann M. Martin, American author
- 1949 - Mark Knopfler, British guitarist
- 1951 - Willie Horton, American murderer and rapist
- 1954 - Pat Metheny, American guitarist
- 1962 - Miss Cleo, American psychic
- 1967 - Regilio Tuur, Dutch boxer
- 1971 - Michael Ian Black, American comedian
- 1971 - Pete Sampras, American tennis player
- 1972 - Rebecca Gayheart, American actress
- 1973 - Richard Reid, English terrorist
- 1974 - Matt Clement, baseball pitcher
- 1976 - Antoine Walker, American basketball player
- 1977 - Plaxico Burress, American football player
- 1980 - Dominique Swain, American actress
- 1980 - Matt Thiessen, Canadian-born singer (Reliant K)
- 1981 - Djibril Cisse, French footballer
Deaths
- 30 BC - Cleopatra (b. 30 BC)
- 875 - Louis II Holy Roman Emperor (b. 825)
- 1424 - Yongle, Emperor of China (b. 1460)
- 1484 - George of Trebizond, Greek philosopher (b. 1395)
- 1484 - Pope Sixtus IV (b. 1414)
- 1512 - Alessandro Achillini, Italian philosopher (b. 1463)
- 1577 - Thomas Smith, English diplomat and scholar (b. 1513)
- 1588 - Alfonso Ferrabosco (I), Italian composer (b. 1543)
- 1612 - Giovanni Gabrieli, Italian composer
- 1633 - Jacopo Peri, Italian composer (b. 1561)
- 1648 - Ibrahim I, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1615)
- 1674 - Philippe de Champaigne, French painter (b. 1602)
- 1689 - Pope Innocent XI (b. 1611)
- 1827 - William Blake, English poet and printmaker (b. 1757)
- 1778 - Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, British general and politician (b. 1714)
- 1810 - Etienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (b. 1725)
- 1848 - George Stephenson, British locomotive designer (b. 1781)
- 1864 - Sakuma Shōzan, Japanese reformer (b. 1811)
- 1865 - William Jackson Hooker, English botanist (b. 1785)
- 1891 - James Russell Lowell, American poet and essayist (b. 1819)
- 1900 - Wilhelm Steinitz, Austrian chess player (b. 1836)
- 1901 - Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, Finnish-Swedish explorer (b. 1832)
- 1914 - John Philip Holland, Irish submarine designer (b. 1840)
- 1918 - Anna Held, Polish-born actress and singer (b. 1872)
- 1922 - Arthur Griffith, President of Ireland (b. 1871)
- 1928 - Leos Janacek, Czech composer (b. 1854)
- 1934 - Hendrik Petrus Berlage, Dutch architect (b. 1856)
- 1943 - Bobby Peel, English cricketer (b. 1857)
- 1948 - Harry Brearley, English inventor (b. 1871)
- 1955 - Thomas Mann, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1875)
- 1955 - James B. Sumner, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
- 1964 - Ian Fleming, English novelist (b. 1908)
- 1973 - Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
- 1979 - Ernst Boris Chain, German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1906)
- 1982 - Henry Fonda, American actor (b. 1905)
- 1982 - Salvador Sanchez, Mexican boxer (b. 1959)
- 1982 - Varlam Shalamov, Russian writer (b. 1907)
- 1982 - Joe Tex, American singer (b. 1933)
- 1985 - Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer (plane crash) (b. 1941)
- 1985 - Manfred Winkelhock, German race car driver (b. 1951)
- 1989 - William Shockley, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
- 1992 - John Cage, American composer (b. 1912)
- 1997 - Luther Allison, American musician (b. 1939)
- 2000 - Loretta Young, American actress (b. 1913)
- 2002 - Enos Slaughter, baseball player (b. 1916)
- 2004 - Sir Godfrey Hounsfield, English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1919)
- 2004 - Peter Woodthorpe, British actor (b. 1931)
Holidays and observations
- United Nations - International Youth Day (since 1999)
- Glorious Twelfth at the Yorkshire Dales
- Zaraday (Discordianism)
- Zimbabwe - Defence Force Day
- International Ponce de Leon day
External links
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/12 BBC: On This Day]
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August 11 - August 13 - July 12 - September 12 -- listing of all days
ko:8월 12일
ja:8月12日
simple:August 12
th:12 สิงหาคม
1955
1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
- January 7 - Marian Anderson is the first African American singer to perform at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City.
- January 22 - Pentagon announces plan to develop ICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles) armed with nuclear weapons
- February 8 - Nikolai Bulganin becomes Soviet Premier.
- February 12 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the first U.S. advisors to South Vietnam.
- February 22 - In Chicago's Democratic primary, Mayor Martin H. Kennelly loses to the head of the Cook County Democratic Party, Richard J. Daley, 364,839 to 264,775
- March 20 - Blackboard Jungle opens in theaters featuring the song Rock Around the Clock by Bill Haley and his Comets, thus propelling Rock and Roll as a musical genre. Teenagers jump from their seats to dance to the song.
- April 5 - Winston Churchill resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- April 5 - Richard J. Daley defeats Robert Merrian to become mayor of Chicago by a vote of 708,222 to 581,555.
- April 6 - Anthony Eden becomes Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- April 12 - The Salk polio vaccine is introduced.
- April 15 - Ray Kroc starts the McDonald's fast food restaurant chain.
- April 18 - Imre Nagy, premier of Hungary, ousted for being too moderate
- May 5 - West Germany becomes a sovereign state.
- May 9 - West Germany joins NATO.
- May 14 - The Warsaw Pact is formed by the communist states of Eastern Europe and the USSR.
- May 31 - The United States Supreme Court orders school integration at "all deliberate speed"
- July 17 - Disneyland opens.
- July 18 - The first atomic-generated electrical power is sold commercially.
- July 18 - Illinois's Govenor William Stratton signs Loyalty Oath Act that mandates all public employees take a loyalty oath or lose their jobs.
- July 18 - Beginning of Geneva Summit between US, USSR, England, and France.
- July 23 - Geneva Summit between US, USSR, England, and France ends.
- August 19 - Hurricane Diane hits the northeast United States, killing 200 and causing over $1 billion in damage.
- August 20 - Hundreds killed in anti-French rioting in Morocco and Algeria.
- August 25 - The last Soviet forces leave Austria.
- September 10 - Gunsmoke debuts on CBS.
- September 19 - President of Argentina Juan Peron is ousted in a military coup.
- September 19 - Hurricane Hilda kills 200 in Mexico.
- September 22 - Commercial television begins in England.
- September 24 - U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower suffers coronary thrombosis while on vacation in Denver.
- September 30 - Actor James Dean killed in car accident near Cholame, California.
- October 4 - The Reverend Sun Myung Moon is released from prison in Seoul, Korea.
- October 26 - Ngo Dinh Diem proclaims Vietnam a republic with himself as president.
- November 1 - Time bomb explodes aboard a United Airlines DC-6 killing 44 above Longmont, Colorado.
- November 5 - Racial segregation is forbidden on trains and buses in interstate commerce.
- November 5 - Dr. Emmett Brown invents the Flux Capacitor.
- November 23 - The Cocos Islands are transferred from the control of the United Kingdom to Australia.
- December 1 - Montgomery, Alabama seamstress, Rosa Parks, refuses to give up her bus seat to a white man and is arrested.
- December 5 - The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations merge to become the AFL-CIO.
- December 14 - Tappan Zee Bridge in New York opens to traffic.
- December 31 - General Motors becomes the first American corporation to make over USD $1 billion in a year.
- 70 mm film is introduced with Oklahoma!.
- Düsseldorf-Mönchengladbach Airport (Flughafen Düsseldorf-Mönchengladbach) was founded.
Births
January-February
- January 2 - Tex Brashear, American voice actor
- January 6 - Rowan Atkinson, English comedian and actor
- January 12 - Rockne O'Bannon, writer and television producer
- January 13 - Jay McInerney, American writer
- January 15 - Nigel Benson, British author and illustrator
- January 17 - Steve Earle, American musician
- January 18 - Kevin Costner, American actor
- January 22 - Neil Mallon Bush, son of George Bush and Barbara Pierce Bush and brother of President George W. Bush
- January 19 - Simon Rattle, English conductor
- January 26 - Edward Van Halen, Dutch-born musician
- January 27 - John Roberts, Chief Justice of the United States
- February 3 - Stephen Euin Cobb, American novelist
- February 8 - John Grisham, American novelist
- February 10 - Chris Adams, American professional wrestler (d. 2001)
- February 10 - Greg Norman, Australian golfer
- February 12 - Arsenio Hall, American actor and talk show host
- February 15 - Christopher McDonald, American actor
- February 19 - Jeff Daniels, American actor
- February 20 - Kelsey Grammer, American actor
- February 23 - Howard Jones, English musician
- February 24 - Alain Prost, French race car driver
- February 24 - Steve Jobs, American computer pioneer
March-April
- March 5 - Penn Jillette, American magician and comedian
- March 6 - Alberta Watson, Canadian actress
- March 7 - Tommy Kramer, American football player
- March 15 - Dee Snider, American singer
- March 16 - Jiro Watanabe, Japanese boxer
- March 16 - Bruno Barreto, Brazilian film director
- March 17 - Gary Sinise, American actor
- March 19 - Bruce Willis, American actor
- March 22 - Pete Sessions, American politician
- March 23 - Moses Malone, American basketball player
- March 28 - Reba McEntire, American singer and actress
- March 29 - Earl Campbell, American football star
- March 31 - Angus Young, Scottish musician
- April 6 - Michael Rooker, American actor
- April 7 - Werner Stocker, German actor (d. 1993)
- April 8 - Kane Hodder, American actor
- April 11 - Kevin Brady, American politician
- April 15 - Dodi Al-Fayed, Egyptian businessman (d. 1997)
- April 16 - Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg
- April 23 - Tony Miles, English chess player (d. 2001)
- April 29 - Kate Mulgrew, American actress
May
- May 1 - Ray Buttigieg, Maltese composer and poet
- May 2 - Dave Winer, American software pioneer
- May 3 - David Hookes, Australian cricketer (d. 2004)
- May 3 - Steve Jones, guitarist for Sex Pistols
- May 6 - Tom Bergeron, American television host
- May 9 - Anne-Sofie von Otter, Swedish mezzo-soprano
- May 10 - Chris Berman, American sports broadcaster
- May 10 - Mark David Chapman, American assassin of John Lennon
- May 16 - Olga Korbut, Russian gymnast
- May 16 - Jack Morris, baseball player
- May 16 - Hazel O'Connor, British singer
- May 16 - Debra Winger, American actress
- May 17 - Bill Paxton, American actor
- May 18 - Chow Yun-Fat, Hong Kong actor
- May 20 - Zbigniew Preisner, Polish film composer
- May 21 - Paul Barber, British field hockey player
- May 26 - Masaharu Morimoto, Japanese chef
- May 26 - Doris Dörrie, German actress and screenplay writer
- May 28 - John McGeoch, Scottish musician (Siouxsie and the Banshees and Public Image Ltd.) (d. 2004)
- May 3 | | |
