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1700au

1700au

17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif
1650au 1660au 1670au 1680au 1690au - 1700au - 1710au 1720au 1730au 1740au 1750au
1700 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708 1709
---- Digwyddiadau a Gogwyddion Arweinwyr y Byd
- Pab Clement XI
- Brenin Gwilym III o Loegr
- Brenhines Anne o Brydain Fawr
- Brenin Louis XIV (Ffrainc)
- Pedr I (Rwsia)
- Frederic I (yr Almaen) Diddanwyr Chwaraeon Gwerin ja:1700年代

19fed canrif

1800au 1800 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809
1810au 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819
1820au 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829
1830au 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839
1840au 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849
1850au 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859
1860au 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
1870au 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879
1880au 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
1890au 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
1900au 1900

1650au

17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif
1600au 1610au 1620au 1630au 1640au - 1650au - 1660au 1670au 1680au 1690au 1700au
1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657 1658 1659
---- Digwyddiadau a Gogwyddion Arweinwyr y Byd
- Pab Innocent X
- Pab Alexander VII
- Oliver Cromwell (Lloegr)
- Brenin Louis XIV (Ffrainc)
- Brenin Sion II (Gwlad Pwyl)
- Aleksey I (Rwsia) Diddanwyr Chwaraeon Gwerin

1660au

17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif
1610au 1620au 1630au 1640au 1650au - 1660au - 1670au 1680au 1690au 1700au 1710au
1660 1661 1662 1663 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669
---- Digwyddiadau a Gogwyddion Arweinwyr y Byd
- Pab Alexander VII
- Pab Clement IX
- Brenin Siarl II o Loegr a'r Alban
- Brenin Louis XIV (Ffrainc)
- Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki (Gwlad Pwyl)
- Aleksey I (Rwsia) Diddanwyr Chwaraeon Gwerin

1680au

17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif
1630au 1640au 1650au 1660au 1670au - 1680au - 1690au 1700au 1710au 1720au 1730au
1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 1687 1688 1689
---- Digwyddiadau a Gogwyddion Arweinwyr y Byd
- Pab Innocent XI
- Pab Alexander VIII
- Brenin Siarl II o Loegr a'r Alban
- Brenin Iago II o Loegr a'r Alban
- Brenin Gwilym III o Loegr a Brenhines Mair II o Loegr
- Brenin Louis XIV (Ffrainc)
- Fyodor III
- Pedr I (Rwsia) Diddanwyr Chwaraeon Gwerin ja:1680年代

1690au

17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif
1640au 1650au 1660au 1670au 1680au - 1690au - 1700au 1710au 1720au 1730au 1740au
1690 1691 1692 1693 1694 1695 1696 1697 1698 1699
---- Digwyddiadau a Gogwyddion Arweinwyr y Byd
- Pab Innocent XII
- Brenin Gwilym III o Loegr a Brenhines Mair II o Loegr
- Brenin Louis XIV (Ffrainc)
- Pedr I (Rwsia)
- Frederic I (yr Almaen) Diddanwyr Chwaraeon Gwerin ja:1690年代

1710au

17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif
1660au 1670au 1680au 1690au 1700au - 1710au - 1720au 1730au 1740au 1750au 1760au
1710 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 1717 1718 1719
---- Digwyddiadau a Gogwyddion Arweinwyr y Byd
- Pab Clement XI
- Brenhines Anne o Brydain Fawr
- Brenin Siôr I (Prydain Fawr)
- Prif Weinidog Robert Walpole (y Deyrnas Unedig)
- Brenin Louis XIV (Ffrainc)
- Brenin Louis XV (Ffrainc)
- Pedr I (Rwsia)
- Frederic I (yr Almaen)
- Frederic Gwilym I (yr Almaen) Diddanwyr Chwaraeon Gwerin ja:1710年代

1730au

17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif
1680au 1690au 1700au 1710au 1720au - 1730au - 1740au 1750au 1760au1770au 1780au
1730 1731 1732 1733 1734 1735 1736 1737 1738 1739
---- Digwyddiadau a Gogwyddion Arweinwyr y Byd
- Pab Clement XII
- Brenin Siôr II (Prydain Fawr)
- Prif Weinidog Robert Walpole (Prydain Fawr)
- Brenin Louis XV (Ffrainc)
- Catrin I (Rwsia)
- Frederick Gwilym I (yr Almaen) Diddanwyr Chwaraeon Gwerin ja:1730年代 ko:1730년대

1740au

17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif
1690au 1700au 1710au 1720au 1730au - 1740au - 1750au 1760au1770au 1780au 1790au
1740 1741 1742 1743 1744 1745 1746 1747 1748 1749
---- Digwyddiadau a Gogwyddion Arweinwyr y Byd
- Pab Benedict XIV
- Brenin Siôr II (Prydain Fawr)
- Prif Weinidog Robert Walpole (Prydain Fawr)
- Prif Weinidog Spencer Compton, 1af Iarll Wilmington (Prydain Fawr)
- Prif Weinidog Henry Pelham (Prydain Fawr)
- Brenin Louis XV (Ffrainc)
- Elisabeth (Rwsia)
- Frederick II (yr Almaen) Diddanwyr Chwaraeon Gwerin ja:1740年代 ko:1740년대

1750au

17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif
1700au 1710au 1720au 1730au 1740au - 1750au - 1760au1770au 1780au 1790au 1800au
1750 1751 1752 1753 1754 1755 1756 1757 1758 1759
---- Digwyddiadau a Gogwyddion Arweinwyr y Byd
- Pab Clement XIII
- Brenin George II (y Deyrnas Unedig)
- Prif Weinidog Henry Pelham (y Deyrnas Unedig)
- Prif Weinidog Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1af Dug Castellnewydd (y Deyrnas Unedig)
- Prif Weinidog William Cavendish, 4ydd Dug Dyfnaint (y Deyrnas Unedig)
- Brenin Louis XV (Ffrainc)
- Elisabeth (Rwsia)
- Frederick II (yr Almaen) Diddanwyr Chwaraeon Gwerin ja:1750年代 ko:1750년대

1700

16fed ganrif - 17fed ganrif - 18fed ganrif
1650au 1660au 1670au 1680au 1690au 1700au 1710au 1720au 1730au 1740au 1750au
1695 1696 1697 1698 1699 - 1700 - 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705

Digwyddiadau


- Llyfrau - Mémoires de Monsieur d'Artagnan gan Gatien de Courtilz
- Cerdd - Dido and Aeneas (opera) gan Henry Purcell

Genedigaethau


- 9 Chwefror - Daniel Bernoulli

Marwolaethau


- 12 Mai - John Dryden
- 27 Medi - Pab Innocent XII
- 1 Tachwedd - Y brenin Siarl II o Sbaen ko:1700년

1701

17fed ganrif - 18fed ganrif - 19fed ganrif

1650au 1660au 1670au 1680au 1690au 1700au 1710au 1720au 1730au 1740au 1750au
1696 1697 1698 1699 1700 - 1701 - 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706

Digwyddiadau


- Llyfrau - The Advancement and Reformation of Modern Poetry gan John Dennis
- Cerdd - 12 Baletti di Camera gan Tomaso Albinoni

Genedigaethau


- 27 Tachwedd - Anders Celsius

Marwolaethau


- 23 Mai - Capten William Kidd, môr-leidr
- 16 Medi - Y brenin Iago II o Loegr ko:1701년 simple:1701

1703

Canrifau: 17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif Degawdau: 1650au 1660au 1670au 1680au 1690au - 1700au - 1710au 1720au 1730au 1740au 1750au Blynyddoedd: 1698 1699 1700 1701 1702 - 1703 - 1704 1705 1706 1707 1708

Digwyddiadau


-
- Llyfrau - The Tender Husband (drama) gan Richard Steele
- Cerdd - Il Giustino (opera) gan Domenico Scarlatti

Genedigaethau


- 28 Mehefin - John Wesley

Marwolaethau


- 3 Mawrth - Robert Hooke
- 16 Mai - Charles Perrault
- 26 Mai - Samuel Pepys ko:1703년 simple:1703

1704

Canrifau: 17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif Degawdau: 1650au 1660au 1670au 1680au 1690au - 1700au - 1710au 1720au 1730au 1740au 1750au Blynyddoedd: 1699 1700 1701 1702 1703 - 1704 - 1705 - 1706 1707 1708 1709

Digwyddiadau


- 13 Awst - Brwydr Blenheim
- Llyfrau - Brwydr y Llyfrau gan Jonathan Swift; Opticks gan Isaac Newton
- Cerdd - Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich (cantata) gan Johann Sebastian Bach

Genedigaethau


- 31 Gorffennaf - Gabriel Cramer

Marwolaethau


- 24 Chwefror - Marc-Antoine Charpentier, cyfansoddwr, 60
- 12 Ebrill - Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
- 28 Hydref - John Locke ko:1704년

1706

Canrifau: 17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif Degawdau: 1650au 1660au 1670au 1680au 1690au - 1700au - 1710au 1720au 1730au 1740au 1750au Blynyddoedd: 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 - 1706 - 1707 1708 1709 1710 1711

Digwyddiadau


- 23 Mai - Brwydr Ramillies
- Llyfrau - The Recruiting Officer (drama) gan George Farquhar
- Cerdd -

Genedigaethau


- 17 Ionawr - Benjamin Franklin
- 28 Ionawr - John Baskerville
- 18 Hydref - Baldassare Galuppi, cyfansoddwr
- 17 Rhagfyr - Emilie du Chatelet

Marwolaethau


- 27 Chwefror - John Evelyn, awdur
- 3 Mawrth - Johann Pachelbel, cyfansoddwr
- 9 Rhagfyr - Y brenin Pedr I o Bortwgal
- 28 Rhagfyr - Pierre Bayle ko:1706년

1708

Canrifau: 17fed canrif - 18fed canrif - 19fed canrif Degawdau: 1650au 1660au 1670au 1680au 1690au - 1700au - 1710au 1720au 1730au 1740au 1750au Blynyddoedd: 1703 1704 1705 1706 1707 - 1708 - 1709 1710 1711 1712 1713

Digwyddiadau


-
- Llyfrau - La Foire de Beaucaire - Anne de La Roche-Guilhem
- Cerdd -

Genedigaethau


- 15 Tachwedd - William Pitt, 1af Iarll Chatham
- -

Marwolaethau


- 1 Hydref - John Blow, cyfansoddwr
- - ko:1708년

Anne o Brydain Fawr

Anne (6 Chwefror, 1665-1 Awst, 1714) oedd brenhines Prydain Mawr ers 8 Mawrth, 1702. Anne oedd merch y brenin Iago II/VII o Loegr a'r Alban a chwaer Mair II o Loegr a'r Alban. Ei priod oedd y Tywysog George o Denmarc.
Rhagflaenydd :
Gwilym III 		Brenhinoedd y Deyrnas Unedig Olynydd :
Siôr I
ja:アン (イギリス女王)

Louis XIV o Ffrainc

Brenin Ffrainc ers 14 Mai, 1643 oedd Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (5 Medi, 1638 - 1 Medi, 1715) Cafodd ei eni yn Saint-Germain-en-Laye. Ei tad oedd y brenin Louis XIII o Ffrainc. Ei fam oedd Ann o Awstria. Ei wraig cyntaf oedd Mair Theresa neu Marie Thérèse, tywysoges o Sbaen.
Rhagflaenydd :
Louis XIII 		Brenhinoedd Ffrainc Olynydd :
Louis XV

Dolenau


- [http://oll.libertyfund.org/ToC/0028.php Acton, J. E. E., 1st Baron. (1906). Lectures on Modern History. London: Macmillan and Co.]
- [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09371a.htm Goyau, G. (1910). "Louis XIV." The Catholic Encyclopedia. (Volume IX). New York: Robert Appleton Company.]
- [http://www.louis-xiv.de/ Steingrad, E. (2004). "Louis XIV."] ja:ルイ14世 (フランス王) simple:Louis XIV of France

Pedr I o Rwsia

Brenin Rwsia ers 1682 oedd Pedr I (Pyotr Alekseyvich) (9 Mehefin, 1672 – 8 Chwefror, 1725). Ei wraig oedd Catrin I o Rwsia.

Plant


- Aleksey Petrovich (1690-1718)
- Alexander Petrovich (1691-1692)
- Paul Petrovich (1693)
- Anna Petrovna (1708-1728)
- Elisabeth o Rwsia (1709-1762)
- Natalia Petrovna (1713-1715)
- Margarita Petrovna (1714-1715)
- Peter Petrovich (1715-1719)
- Paul Petrovich (1717)
- Natalia Petrovna (1718-1725)
Rhagflaenydd :
Fyodor III 		Brenhinau Rwsia Olynydd :
Elisabeth
ja:ピョートル1世 (ロシア皇帝) ko:표트르 1세

Yr Almaen

Yr Almaen (Almaeneg: Bundesrepublik Deutschland). Gweriniaeth ffederal yng nghanol Ewrop yw'r Almaen. Mae'n ffinio â Môr y Gogledd, Denmarc, a'r Môr Baltig (Almaeneg: Ostsee, sef Môr y Dwyrain) yn y gogledd, Gweriniaeth Tsiec a Gwlad Pwyl yn y dwyrain, y Swistir ac Awstria yn y de, a Ffrainc, Luxembourg, Gwlad Belg a'r Iseldiroedd yn y gorllewin. Berlin yw'r brifddinas. Ni chafwyd chwyldro Almaenaidd ond y mae’r modd yr ymatebodd y tiroedd Almaenaidd i her chwyldroadol y Chwyldro Ffrengig, gan addasu syniadau 1789, wedi llunio datblygiad gwleidyddol a chymdeithasol yr Almaen i mewn i’r ugeinfed ganrif.

Daearyddiaeth yr Almaen

Ac eithrio yr afon Donaw (Danube) yn y De mae afonydd yr Almaen yn llifo tua'r Môr Tawch a'r Môr Baltig, gan gynnwys yr Elbe, y Weser a'r Ems, sy'n llifo tua'r gogledd.
Bundesrepublik Deutschland
brifddinas brifddinas
(Manylion)
Arwyddair cenedlaethol:
Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit
(Undeb a chyfiawnder a rhyddid)
delwedd:LocationGermany.png
Iaith Swyddogol Almaeneg¹
Prif Ddinas Berlin
Y Ddinas FwyafBerlin
Arlywydd: Horst Köhler
Canghellor: Angela Merkel
Maint
 - Cyfanswm
 - % dŵr		 Rhenc 61
357,022.90 km2
2.18%
Poblogaeth
 - Cyfanswm (2003)
 - Dwysedd		 Rhenc 13
82,544,000
231/km²
Sefydliad/
Uniad		 Cytundeb Verdun (843),
18 Ionawr 1871,
23 Mai 1949
3 Hydref 1990
Arian Ewro (€) (²)
Cylchfa amser UTC +1
Anthem cenedlaethol Das Lied der Deutschen
(Cân yr Almaenwyr)
Côd ISO gwlad .de
Côd Ffôn +49
(¹) Cydnabyddir a gwarchodir yr ieithoedd lleiafrifol Daneg, Sorbeg, Romaneg a Ffrisieg. Gwarchodir Isel Almaeneg (Plattdeutsch) gan yr Undeb Ewropeaidd.
(²) Cyn 1999: Deutsche Mark.
Deutsche Mark
Gwledydd y byd  |  Ewrop  |  Cyngor Ewrop
als:Deutschland ja:ドイツ ko:독일 ms:Jerman roa-rup:Ghirmânii simple:Germany th:สหพันธ์สาธารณรัฐเยอรมนี zh-min-nan:Tek-kok

Psychogeographical

Psychogeography is "The study of specific effects of the geographical environment, consciously organised or not, on the emotions and behaviour of individuals", according to the article Preliminary Problems in Constructing a Situation, in Situationniste Internationale No. 1 (1958) .

History

Psychogeography was developed by the Lettrist International, as part of their system of unitary urbanism. The term has since been used by many others. During the 1980s and 90s while situationist theory became popular in avant-garde, neoist and revolutionary spheres, many psychogeographical groups emerged, developing the praxis in various ways. Psychogeography has since also become a device used in performance art and English literature. In May, 2003, psychogeographers gathered in New York for the first Psy-Geo-Conflux, an annual event dedicated to current artistic investigations in psychogeography. This was timed to coincide with a Talk:Cartographic Congress in Limehouse, London. The event was held again in New York in May 2004; and as PsyGeo-ProvFlux in Providence RI in June 2005. In 2004 Joseph Hart wrote that "psychogeography" was "a slightly stuffy term that's been applied to a whole toy box full of playful, inventive strategies for exploring cities. Psychogeography includes just about anything that takes pedestrians off their predictable paths and jolts them into a new awareness of the urban landscape."[http://www.utne.com/pub/2004_124/promo/11262-1.html]

Groups involved in Psychogeography

It is practised formally in groups or associations, sometimes consisting of just one member (eg by the Communist Abstentionist groups. Known groups, some of whom are still operating, include:
- [http://www.psygeo.org Milwaukee Association of Psychogeographers]
- Providence Initiative for Psychogeographic Studies
- Manchester Area Psychogeographic
- Nottingham Psychogeographical Unit
- Greenwich Psychogeographical Order
- London Psychogeographical Association
- evoL PsychogeogrAphix
- New York Psychogeographical Association
- The Washington Psychogeography Association
- Brooklyn Psychogeographical Association
- Virtual Psychogeographical Association
- Glowlab
- Desborough Hundred Psychogeographical Society
- [http://algomantra.blogspot.com AlgoMantra | Bombay Psychogeographical Society]

Variations

Disagreements have led to many variations in the practice which have included the following forms: Debordian; Literary; Generative or Algorithmic; and Quantum. Various factions claim to be or accuse each other of being: academic; occultist; avant-garde; proletarian; or revolutionary. See also: Situationists, Lettrists

Writers


- Luther Blissett
- Stewart Home
- Members of the Situationist International
- Wilfried Hou Je Bek
- Rohit Gupta

See also


- Psychohistory

Reading List

Home, Stewart. Mind Invaders: A Reader in Psychic Warfare, Cultural Sabotage And Semiotic Terrorism Ed. (Serpent's Tail London, 1997).

External links


- http://www.unpopular.org.uk/lpa/organisations/lpa.html
- http://psychogeography.org.uk
- http://socialfiction.org
- [http://www.glowlab.com/forum/ Glowlab's online psychogeography forum]
- Manchester Area Psychogeographic http://map.twentythree.us
- [http://www.psychogeography.net Psychogeography.net]
- http://remappinghighwycombe.blogspot.com
- [http://www.pipsworks.com/contact/provflux.html PsyGeoProvFlux]
- Toronto Psychogeography Society http://www.psychogeography.ca/blog Category:Psychology Category:Human geography Category:Situationism

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