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| Francisco Tárrega |
Francisco TárregaFrancisco Tárrega født (21. november 1852 død 5. december 1909) i Spanien. Komponist og guitarist.
Han er blevet kaldt grundlæggeren af den moderne guitarteknik.
Han arbejdede sammen med guitarbyggeren A. Torres om udviklingen i den moderne skikkelse vi kender i dag.
Hans etuder, præludier og større originalkompositioner hører til guitarens standardrepertoire.
Tarrega, Francisco
Tarrega, Francisco
Tarrega, Francisco
ja:フランシスコ・タレガ
21. november21. november er dag 325 i året i den gregorianske kalender (dag 326 i skudår). Der er 40 dage tilbage af året.
Kategori:Dage i november
ja:11月21日
ko:11월 21일
simple:November 21
1852Århundreder: 18. århundrede - 19. århundrede - 20. århundrede
Årtier: 1800'erne 1810'erne 1820'erne 1830'erne 1840'erne - 1850'erne - 1860'erne 1870'erne 1880'erne 1890'erne 1900'erne
Årstal: 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 - 1852 - 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857
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Begivenheder
- 6. januar - 1800 tønder land uden for Københavns volde bliver frigivet til bebyggelse. Opførelsen af brokvartererne starter.
- 27. januar - C.A. Bluhme dansk regeringschef.
- 2. december - Frankrig bliver atter kejserdømme med Napoleon 3. som hersker.
Født
- 21. november - Francisco Tárrega, spansk guitarist
- 15. december - Henri Becquerel, fransk fysiker, som gennem sit arbejde med uran opdager radioaktiviteten. I 1903 modtager han nobelprisen for denne opdagelse sammen med Pierre Curie og Marie Curie; han dør i 1908
Dødsfald
- 6. januar - Louis Braille - fransk opfinder af blindeskriften. 43 år.
- 27. november - Augusta Ada Lovelace - computerpioner. 36 år.
Sport
-
Musik
-
Bøger
- Tante Cousine - Anne Marie Mangor (Madam Mangor)
52
ko:1852년
ms:1852
simple:1852
th:พ.ศ. 2395
1909
Begivenheder
- Som det første land i verden indfører England folkepension.
- 18. maj - Landsudstillingen i Århus åbnes.
- 3. oktober - Landsudstillingen i Århus lukkes.
Født
- 3. januar - Victor Borge (Børge Rosenbaum), komiker. (Død 2000).
- 15. januar - Gene Krupa - legendarisk amerikansk trommeslager og bandleder (død 1973).
- 17. januar - Karen Jønsson, dansk skuespiller og sanger. Død 1942.
- 23. februar - Hans Kurt, dansk sanger og skuespiller. Død 1968.
- 1. marts - Mogens Brandt, dansk skuespiller og madskribent (død 1970).
- 28. marts - Gunnar Lemvigh, dansk skuespiller. Død 1979.
- 25. juni - Marguerite Viby - skuespiller. Hun dør 2001.
- 2. oktober - Alex Raymond, tegneserieskaber.
- 16. oktober - Palle Lauring, forfatter og historiker. Han dør i 1996.
- 31. december - Poul Müller, dansk skuespiller. Død 1979.
Dødsfald
- 8. april - V.U. Hammershaimb, skaber af det færøske skriftsprog, som 90-årig (født 1819).
- 5. december - Francisco Tárrega, spansk guitarist.
- 17. december - Leopold II af Belgien.
- Fysik - Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937) & Carl Ferdinand Braun (1850-1918)
- Kemi - Wilhelm Ostwald
- Medicin - Emil Theodor Kocher
- Litteratur - Selma Lagerlöf
- Fred - Auguste Marie François Beernaert (Belgien), medlem af Cour Internationale d'Arbitrage. : Paul Henribenjamin Balluet D'estournelles De Constant, Baron De Constant De Rebecque (Frankrig), stifter og præsident for den franske parlamentariske gruppe for international arbitration. Stifter af Comité de défense des intérêts nationaux et de conciliation internationale
Sport
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Musik
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Film
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Bøger
-
09
ja:1909年
ko:1909년
ms:1909
simple:1909
th:พ.ศ. 2452
Spanien
Spanien er et land i Europa, der mod nord grænser op til Atlanterhavet, Andorra og Frankrig, mod syd til Middelhavet og Gibraltar og mod vest til Portugal. Spanien er det største land på Den Iberiske Halvø.
Se også:
- Spanske regenter
- Spanske byer
- Bilbao
Eksterne henvisninger
- http://www.casareal.es/casareal/home2i.html Det spanske kongehus
Kategori:Europæiske lande
Kategori:Europarådet
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fiu-vro:Hispaania
ja:スペイン
ko:에스파냐
ms:Sepanyol
simple:Spain
th:ประเทศสเปน
zh-min-nan:Se-pan-gâ
Guitarist
En guitarist er en person der spiller guitar.
Blandt de mest kendte guitarister kan følgende nævnes:
- Andrés Segovia
- Billy Gibbons
- Carlos Santana
- David Gilmour
- David "The Edge" Evans
- Eric Clapton
- George Harrison
- Hank Williams
- Jimi Hendrix
- John Williams
- Keith Richards
- Kirk Hammett
- Mark Knopfler
- Muddy Waters
- Ry Cooder
- Slash
- Zakk Wylde
-
ja:ギタリストの一覧
ko:기타리스트
Kategori:Spanske komponisterKategori:Komponister efter nationalitet
Komponister
ja:Category:スペインの作曲家
ko:분류:에스파냐의 작곡가
Kategori:Spanske musikereKategori:Musikere efter nationalitet
Kategori:Spaniere GNAA (Slashdot)
:The Gay Nigger Association of America is most commonly known as the GNAA. For other uses of the acronym, see GNAA.
GNAA
The Gay Nigger Association of America (better known by its four letter abbreviation GNAA) is a self-aggrandizing Internet troll organization that primarily targets Internet communities in an effort to cause havoc and disrupt their normal activities. The GNAA designed their name to be offensive and it is generally assumed to have been chosen because of the stigma that is associated with homosexuality and the impact of the racial slur "nigger". Although it is termed "Association of America" the organization also has participants from countries other than the United States of America.
Members engage in such nefarious activities as flooding weblogs, producing shock sites, prank-calling technical support telephone lines, and IRC channel disruption such as IRC floods. Due to these actions the normal operation of many popular websites such as slashdot.org is interrupted, and sometimes the attacks force websites to shut down temporarily. As such, targeted communities generally consider GNAA members a nuisance and frequently respond with technological and social anti-trolling measures such as moderation systems to limit future disruption caused by the trolling. The inner workings of the GNAA are not well known, and some speculate that the GNAA consists solely of unconnected individuals acting in the name of the group.
Background information
The GNAA first appeared in January 2003, trolling Slashdot using ASCII art logos representing the organization and satirical news releases pertaining to the contents of Slashdot articles. As with other troll organizations, members of the GNAA adopt pseudonyms to preserve their anonymity and their true identities are generally not known. While its number of members are unknown, the GNAA has listed members "timecop" as the founder and President and "jesuitx" as a co-founder and Vice President. The internal structure of the GNAA is unclear and some argue that they have no real structure or actual members; business is conducted in secret and those acting in its name may simply be individuals working under the GNAA "banner".
The GNAA's website features pictures of African American athletes and professionals that appear to originate from stock image archives in an apparent attempt to parody the designs of various corporate websites. It states that the GNAA does not either support or promote racism, homophobia, or other kinds of hatred. While their main motivations are difficult to determine, they claim to have targeted websites and blogs that promote "anti Gaynigger and pro-Zionist propaganda".
GNAA members Rucas and Armorfist created a shock site called Last Measure, which the GNAA often links or redirects to in their various activities. In order to automate their activities, the GNAA has created many programmatic scripts for uses such as crapflooding sites. The source code of these scripts are usually made available under the revised BSD license. One such script is ASIAN, The Automated Synchronous IRC Assault Network, a clone of a popular IRC flooding tool called AYSYN (Are you stupid? Yes/No) by mef. It was created by member Rucas and abez due to the many bugs found in AYSYN and the lack of source code. It uses SOCKS proxies and tor to connect numerous drones to an IRC server and use them to flood various people and channels.
Membership
GNAA encourages people to join by suggesting that potential recruits watch the 1992 Danish low-budget movie Gayniggers From Outer Space, from which their name derives. The GNAA's entry requirements also include successfully achieving a "first post" on Slashdot consisting of GNAA troll text or registering support by upward moderation of GNAA comments. A test on the subject matter in Gayniggers From Outer Space is then administered by an IRC bot.
IRC bot
The GNAA has a signature which their members use whenever they perform a crapflood or post a news release. The full "sig", which includes an embedded ASCII art picture of the letters "GNAA" on a wall, can be found on their website. It begins:
:GNAA (GAY NIGGER ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA) is the first organization which gathers GAY NIGGERS from all over America and abroad for one common goal - being GAY NIGGERS.
:
- Are you GAY?
:
- Are you a NIGGER?
:
- Are you a GAY NIGGER?
:If you answered "Yes" to all of the above questions, then GNAA (GAY NIGGER ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA) might be exactly what you've been looking for!
The signature text is significant because it identifies a GNAA attack.
All the members of the GNAA act anonymously, though some pseudonyms have become known. One of the most oft-mentioned members in the GNAA is "Gary Niger", a play on the words "Gay Nigger". Gary, a fictional character coined by GNAA vice-president jesuitx, is cited as a press contact in most press releases the GNAA releases, and also frequently appears as the name in their trolling activities. Another member, "rolloffle", who has since left the GNAA, participated in many trolling incidents and created many scripts to cause problems for various software programs that are used in internet forums. "Rolloffle" was also the author of the article "Why your Movable Type blog must die", which was published on the website Kuro5hin. GNAA member "Rucas" is the lead developer of GNAA Last Measure and until recently hosted the largest Last Measure mirror at peoplesprimary.com. He has recently released latvianbotnet.pl, a Perl script to crapflood IRC channels. GNAA member "l0de" was the head technician and host of his Internet radio show, the l0de Radio Hour. Broadcasts have been suspended following his alleged death in September of 2005, although this appears to be a hoax. GNAA member Staos passed away in November of 2005 of Acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Activities
leukemia
Disruption
One of the aims of the GNAA is to cause disruption on the Internet. They tend to target community webboards blogs and have been moderately successful in disrupting both major and minor sites. They first gained notoriety in the Slashdot community when they launched several flood attacks against the site. Slashdot subsequently implemented open proxy-banning measures in its posting system; GNAA members claim that their crapflooding campaign spurred this change. They also registered many usernames en masse to mark a Slashdot editor who uses the name "michael" as their foe. In late 2004, the GNAA discovered vulnerabilities in weblogging service Xanga. In a related attack, they launched a Denial of Service attack on Slashdot, taking down its search engine for a few days. During May 2004, GNAA members flooded the popular image board 4chan, contributing to the fourth non-permanent shutdown of the site shortly thereafter. In the list of reasons why it closed down, the administrator wrote: "Flooding. GNAA put the final nail in the coffin, however I am thankful that they willingly ceased the flood after finding out it was costing me money." However, a poster on the Something Awful Forums later stated that this was only one of several factors that caused them to be shut down: "It was not the GNAA who killed 4chan (I quite like them actually), or really the moronic users, it was a man named Chris, who goes by the name TheRowan and runs a business that shuts you down if you fail to play along." The GNAA cause more disruption on IRC as they are known to crapflood channels. Many IRC servers do not allow the GNAA channel to exist due to this disruption, for instance on Freenode's IRC server, the #GNAA channel redirects to #you_have_got_to_be_kidding with a warning message indicating that the network might be inappropriate. This is standard Freenode behavior for juped channels. Other IRC networks similarly jupe #GNAA.
Notable trolls
The two most notable trolls that the GNAA have performed involved Mac OS X users and Harry Potter readers. In July 2004, GNAA members jesuitx and DivineTom submitted leaked screenshots of the forthcoming operating system Mac OS X v10.4 to the popular Apple Macintosh news website MacRumors, which read "With WWDC just days away, the first Tiger information and screenshots appears to have been leaked. According to sources, Apple will reportedly provide developers with a Mac OS X 10.4 Preview copy at WWDC on Monday. The screenshots provided reportedly come from this upcoming developer preview." When people found out the source was the GNAA many declared the screenshots to be fake based on the organization's disreputability in the past. Later, the GNAA released a press release which claimed that the screenshots were genuine (cf. [http://www.apple.com/macosx/tiger/dashboard.html official Apple screenshots]), and that they trolled the Apple community.
Macintosh
In June 2005, the GNAA claimed to have created a Mac OS X Tiger release for Intel x86 processors which caught media attention from Mac Daily News June 11. The next day, the supposed leak made front page news on Slashdot and was mentioned on the G4 show Attack of the Show . The DVD image released onto BitTorrent merely booted an image of hello.jpg (goatse) instead of the leaked operating system as some had thought, and the remaining several gigabytes of space on the DVD was filled with a repetition of the text "GNAAGNAA...". The same hoax was created again in August of 2005, this time with a fake bootloader that gave generic error messages if the date was before August the 4th, and after that date it displayed the content from the shock site "Last Measure"
Upon the impending release of the next book in the Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, the GNAA claimed to have created a PDF file of the book, which contained various shock images and released it to BitTorrent. In addition, the GNAA also posted various spoilers about the new book onto a Harry Potter fan forum which caused them to temporarily shut down until 1-2 days after the book's release, and a GNAA member by the name of Zeikfried also created a website a few days before the release of the book on which various plot spoilers of the book were disseminated.
Several other notable incidents involved trolling anime fans and Dremel website administrators. In August 2005, the GNAA released a copy of Gayniggers from Outer Space onto the fansub website Dattebayo, which was falsely labeled as episode 146 of the Japanese anime show Naruto. The film was preceded by the opening credits of the show. The reason they managed to do it is that GNAA president timecop actually is a Dattebayo staff member - since then, several more faked episodes of various anime series (for example Bleach episode 60). The Dremel website incident happened on October 31, 2004 and featured a pumpkin carving kit for Halloween and linked to a Goatse pumpkin image as an example of what could be achieved. GNAA members then added their logo to the pumpkin image, leading visitors to think the GNAA had hacked the Dremel website.
In October 2005, GNAA member Grog received "staff" status on the Freenode IRC network from Rob Levin (lilo) by posing as Greg Lehey, famed developer of FreeBSD and MySQL, who happened to have a similar irc nickname. Grog proceeded to unjupe #GNAA, jupe several of the more popular channels including: #wikipedia, #linux, and #solaris, and overall caused FUD. Rob Levin covered up his own mistake by claiming a staff member had been hacked.
Pranking
The GNAA runs a conference call system which they use to troll various companies such as America Online. They produced an MP3 file which combines excerpts from their various prank calls to America Online with the "Hey, everybody! I'm looking at gay porno!" sample from Last Measure.
Counter-measures
Because of the activities the GNAA performs online, various websites instituted methods in an effort to stop or curb the amount of trolling by the GNAA. Slashdot has a moderation system that is supposed to curb activities such as "First posting", and the website explains that first post comments are usually "one of those odd little memetic hiccups that come out of nowhere and run amok." Their system moderates these posts and downgrades them for being off topic and makes them almost unreadable. This Slashdot tool is key, since the GNAA requires a user to perform a "first post" in order to join the GNAA. Slashdot and other websites also began to ban users for performing GNAA related acts or began to ban open-proxy addresses to prevent spamming. Users at different forums also have made fun of the GNAA and their members and have mocked their activities. In the words of one unimpressed Brawl-Hall poster: "Sorry, junior, but a Spam-a-thon that lasts fifteen minutes and taking over an IRC chat ain't a 'win'. Maybe you could take over some AOL chatrooms too, then you'd be 'teh c00l', right? Hah, what a joke." Slashdot has also called the GNAA, along with Trollkore and [http://anti-slash.org anti-slash.org], the "axis of abuse" in a parody of the axis of evil.
The GNAA have been recognised as being deliberately disruptive by several organisations. For instance, on Freenode's IRC server, the #GNAA channel redirects to ##you_have_got_to_be_kidding with a warning message indicating that the network might be inappropriate. This is standard Freenode behavior for juped channels. Other IRC networks similarly jupe #GNAA. Jodi Dean, Associate Professor of Political Science (Hobart and William Smith Colleges), in a presentation on blogging for a Cultural Studies Association meeting in Tuscon, noted that when she started blogging she was disturbed by neo-Nazi attacks and that:
:"I've also been unsettled by those I can't place, those who may be satirical, performative in non-pc ways, and those whose comments are just generally disruptive and malicious. For example, one guy posted from the GNAA—which seems to be an anti-blog group with various satirical elements and strategies for irritating bloggers. GNAA stands for Gay Nigger Association of America and apparently gets its name from a short 1992 Danish movie called Gay Niggers from Outerspace, a film that appears to be an actual movie, a porn send up, but I can't be completely sure."
A growing number of highly motivated individuals who are against GNAA's neo-nazi message can be found on the internet. Counter-measures such as constant petitioning of GNAA members ISP's and website hosting companies for the removal of the neo-nazi, racist and homphobic material is thought to be a good basic first step.
Recently, Freenode began blocking people using open SOCKS proxies from connecting to their network, caused mainly by massive flooding of the Freenode network by GNAA member Rucas using his Perl script, ASIAN.
GNAUK
GNAA also have a United Kingdom branch known as the [http://www.gnauk.co.uk Gay Nigger Association of the United Kingdom].
See also
- Internet troll
- l0de Radio Hour
- Slashdot trolling phenomena
- Trolltalk
References
# [http://pepper.idge.net/gnaa/gnaa-aimgirl.txt Announcement of Aimgirl disruption]
# [http://www.instantlobotomy.com/ Announcement of l0de's death from his website]
# Slashdot – [http://slashdot.org/~michael/freaks Editor Michael's "freaks list"] – [http://apple.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=05/06/12/130234&tid=179&tid=1 Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger for x86 Leaked?] (June 12 2005)
# [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/28/161214/43 http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/12/28/161214/43]
# [http://forums.somethingawful.com/showthread.php?s=&threadid=724028 Something Awful thread] (Must be able to login to see the page)
# Mac Rumours - [http://www.macrumors.com/pages/2004/06/20040626041303.shtml Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger) Screenshots?] (June 26 2004) ([http://forums.macrumors.com/archive/index.php/t-77079 discussion]) – [http://www.macrumors.com/pages/2004/06/20040627202026.shtml WWDC, Photos and More on Tiger] (June 27 2004)
# [http://www.appleinsider.com/article.php?id=520 http://www.appleinsider.com/article.php?id=520]
# [http://216.234.51.66/board/showthread.php?s=&threadid=79383 forum discussing the Goatse GNAA image on the Dremel website] (October 31 2004)
# [http://macdailynews.com/index.php/weblog/comments/6012/ "Report: Apple Mac OS X 10.4.1 for Intel hits piracy sites"], Mac Daily News, June 11 2005
# GNAUK – [http://media.gnauk.co.uk/aots-gnaa.mpg G4TV Attack of the Show footage] – [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/gnaa_osx2/ Fake OSX #2] – [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/gnaa_hp/ Harry Potter on Bittorrent] – [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/gnaa_hp2/ Harry Potter spoilers in forum]
# [http://forums.anti-slash.org/viewtopic.php?t=577 http://forums.anti-slash.org/viewtopic.php?t=577]
# [http://brawl-hall.com/forums/printthread.php?t=58637 GNAA Thread]
#[http://www.gnauk.co.uk/gnaa_freenode/index.php lilo gives GNAA staff status on Freenode] IRC logs before and after.
# [http://jdeanicite.typepad.com/i_cite/2005/04/blogging_theory.html I cite : Blogging Theory], April 24 2005. Jodi's presentation can be found [http://jdeanicite.typepad.com/i_cite/files/tuscon_talk.doc here].
External links
- [http://www.gnaa.us GNAA Site] (watch out for links on the page, clicking on the members link opens a continuous string of shock pictures)
- [http://www.google.com/search?q=GNAA+site%3Aslashdot.org Google: Query for name GNAA on Slashdot website]
-
- "James A. C. Joyce" (GNAA member rolloffle) (February 3 2004). [http://www.kuro5hin.org/story/2004/2/2/171117/8823 Why your Movable Type blog must die]. Kuro5hin.org.
- [http://www.gnauk.co.uk GNAUK] - this United Kingdom branch is mentioned in some GNAA press releases (sources: [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/press/gnaa-europe 1], [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/press/gnaa-ptnntp 2], [http://www.gnauk.co.uk/press/gnaa-3kblog 3])
- [http://www.encyclopediadramatica.com/index.php/GNAA Article on the GNAA] at Encyclopædia Dramatica.
- [http://lastmeasure.com Last Measure.com] (Warning: may contain shock images)
- [http://news.scotsman.com/scitech.cfm?id=2283732005 Article] in The Scotsman that refers to the GNAA
Category:Slashdot
Category:Internet trolling
simple:Gay Nigger Association of America
kalorie zasony aliasy darmowe statystyki tanie latanie, tanie loty
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