:: wikimiki.org ::
| Vinter (nordisk Mytologi) |
Vinter (nordisk mytologi)I nordisk mytologi er Vinter søn af Vindsval og sønnesøn af Vårsud. Er den svorne fjende af Sommer.
Se også
- Vinter (flertydig) - for andre betydninger.
- Vikingernes kalender
- Årstid
Kategori:Aser
Nordisk mytologi Tekst til overskrift
Den nordiske mytologi er en betegnelse for den religion, de overbevisninger og de legender, som var udbredt blandt de nordiske folk før kristendommens indførelse.
Hovedkilden til den nordiske mytologi er Sigmund Sigfussons Ældre Edda, som er den eneste samlede autentiske kilde, der endnu er nedskrevet, mens asatroen blev praktiseret og var virksom. Den øvrige og senere viden om nordisk mytologi, som skyldes skjalden Snorri Sturlusson, er præget af en række fejl, som skyldes kristendommens og kirkens indflydelse.
Snorri Sturlusson nedskrev tidligere tiders mundtligt overleverede gude- og heltesagn i Yngre Edda. Edda. Andre væsentlige kilder er Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum ('Danernes Historie'), og Adam af Bremens beretning om Nordens historie og geografi.
Nordisk mytologi er således i høj grad præget af middelalderlig skjaldekundskab, nedskrevet af en senere tids munke og krønikeskrivere, med en kristen eller romantisk historiekonstruktion for øje. Adam af Bremen skrev sit værk på bestilling af biskoppen af Hamburg-Bremen, og Saxo dokumenterede i Gesta Danorum den danske kongemagts rødder tilbage til sagnkongernes tid, og gav derved den daværende danske kongemagt en historisk begrundelse og legitimation.
Udover det skriftlige materiale findes en del ikke-skriftlige kilder, der supplerer den islandske Edda. Arkæologiske fund og bevarede nordiske runesten udgør et værdifuldt materiale, som i skrift og afbildning forholder sig til Guder og elementer af det verdensbillede, vi præsenteres for i Edda'en. Andre germanske folk har derudover bevaret sagn og myter, som komplementerer de nordiske fortællinger.
I moderne tid er den nordiske mytologi ofte blevet brugt i en nationalromantisk sammenhæng, ved f.eks. i digtning og historieskrivning at hævde en særlig nordisk egenart.
En vigtig pointe er, at den nordiske mytologi næppe før middelalderens forsøg på at skabe en sammenhængende historie, udgjorde en kulturel enhed, som vi kender det fra eksempelvis kristne institutioner - men snarere en dynamisk syntese af nye og gamle forestilliger, fra et uhyre stort geografisk område, genstand for stadig fornyelse og gendigtning.
En lang række af guder, steder og begreber, der indgår i den nordiske mytologi:
Guder og gudinder kan opdeles i to grupper, Aser og Vaner. Dog skal det nævnes, at de alle lever i Asgård som medlemmer af den samme enhed. Krigen mellem aser og vaner er i overleveringen for længst overstået. Eller krigen er en senere konstruktion så vanerne er de gamle vane guder og nye indførte guder er aser.
- Balder, Brage, Bølværk, Delling, Forsete, Hejmdal, Hermod, Høder, Høner, Kvaser, Magni, Mimer, Modi, Od, Odin, Sommer, Svåsud, Thor, Tyr, Ull, Vale, Ve, Vidar den Tavse, Vile, Vinter.
- Eir, Fjørgyn, Fulla, Gefion, Gersimi, Gna, Hlin, Hnoss, Idun, Lofn, Nanna, Saga, Sif, Sigyn, Snortra, Syn, Var, Vår.
- Frej, Freja, Frigg, Måne, Njord, Hel, Sol.
- Skuld, Urd, Verdande.
Helte, mennesker og trælle
- Afi, Amma, Ai, Ask og Embla, Edda, Einherjer, Erna, Fader, Jarl, Karl, Konr, Moder, Røskva, Sigmund, Sigurd Fafnersbane, Skjoldungerne, Snør, Thir, Tjalfe, Træl, Vølsungerne.
Kendte dværge
- Alvis, Andvare, Brisingerne, Brokk, Dvalin (brisingerne), Fafner, Fjalar, Galar, Ivald, Lit, Nordre, Odder, Regin, Reidmar, Sindre, Søndre, Vestre, Østre
Stednavne
- Alfheim, Amsvartner, Asgård, Barre, Bifrost, Ginnungagap, Gnipahulen, Hel, Hnitbjerg, Idasletten, Ifing, Jernskoven, Jotunheim, Midgård, Muspelheim Mørkeskoven, Niflheim, Niflhel, Nordisk kosmologi, Nåstrand, Okolner, Slid, Trudvang, Udgård, Valhalla, Vigrid, Vold, Von
Dyr, uhyrer
- Alstærk, Alsvid, Audhumla, Dain, Draugen, Dvalin (hjort), Dunør, Duratro, Fafner, Fenrisulven, Frejfaxe, Freke, Garm, Gere, Grane, Guldfaxe, Guldtop, Gyldenbørste, Gyldenkam, Hate, Heidrun, Himinhrjod, Hovvarpner, Hrymfaxe, Hugin, Midgårdsormen, Munin, Månegarm, Nidhug, Ratatosk, Rimfaxe, Skinfaxe, Skoll, Sleipner, Svadilfare, Særimner, Tanngrisner, Tanngnjost, Vedfolner
Genstande
- Andvarenaut, Angurvadel, Balmung, Brisingegammen, Draupner, Drome, Eldrimner, Ellida, Faldende fare, Gelgia, Gjallarhornet, Gleipner, Gram, Gridarvol, Gunger, Hunger, Iarngreiper, Løding, Mandshoved, Megingjord, Mjølner, Nagelfar, Rate-bor, Ringhorne, Sult, Yggdrasil, Skridbladner, Skjaldemjød, Svalin, Valgrind.
Gudernes boliger
- Alfheim, Bilskirner, Breidablik, Fensale, Folkvang, Glitner, Himmelbjerget, Noatun, Søkkvabek, Valhal
Overlevende efter ragnarok
- Mennesker: Liv, Livtraser.
- Aser : Balder, Høner, Vidar den Tavse, Vale, Modi og Magni.
- Angerboda, Bauge, Bygmesteren, Bergelmer, Bestla, Bøltorn, Elle, Fenja, Gejrrød, Gerd, Gilling, Gjalp, Greip, Grid, Gunlød, Gymer, Hrungner, Hrym, Hræsvælg, Hyndla, Hymer, Hyrrokin, Jernsaxa, Loke, Mundilfare, Narfe, Ni Møer, De, Skade, Skrymer, Surt, Suttung,Tjasse, Trudgelmer, Trym, Tøkk, Udgårdsloke, Vaftrudner, Vølven, Ymer.
Gudemyter
- Balders død, Muren omkring Asgård, Fenrisulven bindes, Frejs elskov, Lokes væddemål med dværgene, Odin stjæler skjaldemjøden, Ragnarok, Rigs vandring, Skabelsen, Thors besøg hos Gejrrød, Thors besøg hos Hymer, Thors brudefærd, Thor hos Udgårdsloke, Thors kamp med Hrungner, Tjasse bortfører Idun,
Begreber
- Asetro, Ragnarok, Vølvens spådom.
Se også
- Græsk mytologi
- Indisk mytologi
- Keltisk mytologi
- Vendisk mytologi
- Vikingetiden
- Edda digtene
- Jagten på Odin
- Nordisk saga
Eksterne henvisninger
- [http://home.earthlink.net/~norsemyths/ Norse Mythology Pictures]
- [http://www.dickinson.edu/~eddyb/mythology/Cover_page.html Germanic Mythology]
- [http://myhome.hanafos.com/~neothor/gallery.htm Into the Norse. Gallery], Hovedadresse: [http://myhome.hanafos.com/~neothor/main.htm Into the Norse]
- [http://www.geocities.com/mytologi2000/ordliste.html Rundtur i den Nordiske Mytologi]
- [http://norsemythology.cybersamurai.net CyberSamurai Encyclopedia - Nordisk mytologi (engelsk)]
-
ja:北欧神話
ko:북유럽 신화
ms:Mitos Norse
Vinter (flertydig)Ordet vinter har flere betydninger:
#Vinter (årstid)
#Vinter (nordisk mytologi)
ÅrstidEn årstid er en af de større inddelinger af året. Året bliver typisk inddelt i de 4 årstider forår, sommer, efterår og vinter.
Tabel
Årstidstabel som funktion af måned og halvkugle:
Astronomiske årstider
Forskellige kalendersystemer og kulturelle traditioner har forskellige definitioner på årstiderne. De såkaldte astronomiske årstider følger neutrale astronomiske fikspunkter. Ifølge dette system begynder foråret (eller efteråret) ved jævndøgn og ender ved solhverv. Derfor begynder sommeren (eller vinteren) omvendt ved solhverv og ender ved jævndøgn.
Bemærk at det præcise tidspunkt for solhverv og jævndøgn varierer en smule fra år til år (i den gregorianske kalender).
Yderligere årstidsinddeling (nordlige halvkugle)
- Forår - Vår
- Forvår (marts - april)
- Midvår (april - maj)
- Fuldvår (maj - juni)
- Sommer
- Efterår
- Vinter
Se også
- Klima
Links
- [http://www.aarhusakademi.dk/intranet/fagene/biologi/Tema/Vestereng/Natur2.html aarhusakademi.dk: Skovens planter og plantesamfund]
ja:季節
ko:계절
simple:Season
Kategori:AserKategori:Nordiske guder List of locomotive manufacturersThis is a list of the world's locomotive builders by country, and is still a work in progress. The list includes both current and historical builders. Many companies changed names multiple times; the attempt is to give the most recognisable name, generally the one used for the longest time or during the company's best known period.
__NOTOC__
Australia
Active Companies
- United Goninan - Newcastle & Perth
- EDI Rail - New South Wales
- EDI Walkers - Queensland
Defunct Companies
- A E Goodwin
- Comeng - Commonwealth Engineering, became Clyde Engineering
- Clyde Engineering - Became EDI Rail
- Henry Deakin Walkers - Became EDI Walkers
- Morrison Knudsen Australia
Canada
- Bombardier Transportation - Montreal QC
- Canadian Locomotive Company - Kingston ON
- General Motors Diesel Division - London ON
- Montreal Locomotive Works - Montreal QC
- RailPower Technologies
Czech Republic
- Skoda Works
Denmark
- Frichs
- Pedershaab
- Scandia
- Triangel
Finland
- Lokomo
- Tampella
France
- Alstom
- Ateliers du Nord de la France (ANF) - now owned by Bombardier Transportation
- Brissonneau and Lotz
- Compagnie Electro-Méchanique
- Schneider Electric
Germany
- AEG
- Adtranz
- BBC
- Borsig
- Hanomag
- Henschel
- Krupp
- Krauss-Maffei
- LEW
- Maschienenbau Kiel (MaK)
- Schöma
- Siemens AG
- VEB LEW Hennigsdorf
- Vossloh
Netherlands
- Allan
- Heemaf
- Werkspoor
India
- BHEL
- Chittaranjan Locomotive Works
- Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW)
Poland
- Pafawag
Romania
- Electroputere Craiova
South Africa
- Union Carriage and Wagon [http://www.ucw.co.za]
Sweden
- ASEA
- Munktells Mekaniska Verkstad
- NOHAB
Switzerland
- Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works (SLM)
United Kingdom
Historically, major railways in the United Kingdom built the vast majority of their own locomotives. Commercial locomotive builders were called upon when requirements exceeded the railway works' capacity, but these orders were generally to the railways' own designs. British commercial builders concentrated on industrial users, small railway systems, and to a large extent the export market. British-built locomotives were exported around the world, especially to the current or former British Empire. With the almost total disappearance of British industrial railways, the shrinking of the export market, and much reduced demand from Britain's railways, few British locomotive builders survive.
- Alan Keef
- Andrew Barclay
- Armstrong Whitworth
- Avonside Engine Co
- Bagnall
- Baguley
- Beyer Peacock
- Birmingham Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
- BREL
- British Thomson-Houston
- Brush Traction
- Clayton Equipment Company
- Cravens (multiple units/coaching stock)
- Drewry Car Co.
- Dübs
- English Electric
- Fox Walker
- Gloucester Railway Carriage & Wagon Company (multiple units/coaching stock)
- Hawthorne Leslie
- F. C. Hibberd
- Hudswell Clarke
- Hunslet-Barclay
- Hunslet Engine Company
- Kerr Stuart
- Kitson
- Manning Wardle
- Metro-Cammell (multiple units/coaching stock)
- Metropolitan Vickers
- Midland Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
- Motor Rail
- Muir-Hill
- Neilson Reid
- North British Locomotive Company
- Pressed Steel (multiple units/coaching stock)
- Ruston and Hornsby
- Sentinel Waggon Works
- Robert Stephenson and Hawthorne
- Robert Stephenson and Company
- Sharp Stewart
- Thomas Hill (Rotherham) Ltd
- Vulcan Foundry
- Yorkshire Engine Company
See also
- List of British railway-owned locomotive builders
- List of early British private locomotive manufacturers
United States
Active companies
- Brookville Locomotive Company
- Cummins Engine Company
- Fairbanks-Morse (the company still exists, but they aren't manufacturing new locomotives)
- GE Transportation Systems
- Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD, formerly GM EMD)
- MotivePower Industries (Formerly Morrison Knudsen Rail Corp.)
Defunct companies
In addition to these, many railroads operating steam locomotives built their own locomotives in their shops. Notable examples include the Pennsylvania Railroad's Altoona Works and the Southern Pacific's Sacramento Shops. Estimates of the total Steam locomotive production in the USA is approximately 175,000 engines.
- American Locomotive Company (ALCO)
- Amoskeag Locomotive Works
- Appomattox Locomotive Works (operated by Uriah Wells)
- Atlas Car and Manufacturing Company
- Baldwin Locomotive Works (later known as Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton)
- Brooks Locomotive Works
- Burr and Ettinger
- Cincinnati Locomotive Works (also known as Harkness and as Moore & Richardson)
- Climax Manufacturing Company
- Cooke Locomotive and Machine Works
- Covington Locomotive Works
- Davenport Locomotive Works
- Denmead
- Dickson Manufacturing Company
- Dunkirk Engineering Company
- Eastwick and Harrison
- Euclid Road Machinery Company
- Globe Locomotive Works
- Grant Locomotive Works
- Heisler Locomotive Works
- Hinkley Locomotive Works
- H. K. Porter, Inc (Smith & Porter, later Porter, Bell & Co)
- Ingalls Shipbuilding
- Kentucky Locomotive Works
- Lancaster Locomotive Works
- Lawrence Machine Shop
- Lima Locomotive Works (later Lima-Hamilton, then Baldwin-Lima-Hamilton)
- Locks and Canals Machine Shop
- Lowell Machine Shop
- Manchester Locomotive Works
- Mason Machine Works
- Mount Savage Locomotive Works
- Nashville Manufacturing Company
- Newcastle Manufacturing Company
- New Jersey Locomotive and Machine Company (began as Swinburne & Smith)
- New York Locomotive Works (also known as Breese, Kneeland & Company)
- Niles and Company
- Norris Locomotive Works
- Pittsburgh Locomotive and Car Works
- Plymouth Locomotive Works
- Portland Company
- Republic Locomotive Works
- Rhode Island Locomotive Works
- Richmond Locomotive Works
- Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works (also known as Rogers, Ketchum & Grosvenor)
- Rome Locomotive Works (New York)
- Ross Winans Locomotive Works
- Schenectady Locomotive Works
- St. Louis Car Company
- Swinburne (William Swinburne left New Jersey L&MCo to form his own company)
- Talbott and Brother Iron Works
- Taunton Locomotive and Manufacturing Company
- Tredegar Iron Works
- United Aircraft
- Virginia Locomotive and Car Works (also known as Smith & Perkins)
- Vulcan Iron Works
- West Point Foundry
- Westinghouse Electric Corporation (WEMCO)
- Whitcomb Locomotive Works
- Wilmarth
External links
- [http://www.jernbanen.dk/fabrikker.asp Jernbanen.dk - Lokomotivfabrikker] - List of builders of Danish locomotives (in Danish)
- [http://www.steamlocomotive.com/builders/ Steam Locomotive Builders] from [http://www.steamlocomotive.com/ Steamlocomotive dot Com]
List of locomotive builders
szkolne realplayer kaway online spielautomaten hotel a Venezia
|
|
|
| :: RELATED NEWS :: |
Placard
A Poster is any large piece of paper which hangs from a wall or other such surface. They are a frequent tool of advertisers, propagandists, protestors and other groups trying to communicate a message, and they also see personal use by people, especially t
|
Sola Fide Observatory
Sola Fide Observatory is an astronomical observatory owned and operated by volunteers from JC Hormel Nature Center. It is located in Austin, Minnesota (USA).
See also
- List of observatories
External link
- [http://www.spamtownusa.com/imstar/solafide.html Sola Fide Observatory]
county regional municipality in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of western Quebec, Canada. The county seat is Ville-Marie.
According to the Canada 2001 Census:
- Population: 17,504
- % Change (Davidson, a company which has continued as a studio from 1994 to the current Knowledge Adventure company.
In the first game, the main characters were Blasternaut, a cheesy sci-fi astronaut spoof, and Spot, his robot companion. In the second game, Galactic Commander, a female superior officer from base joined their trio. She later became known as G.C. These three characters were the main characters
|
Calendar of Imladris
The Calendar of Imladris was a calendar used in J.R.R. Tolkien's fictional Middle-earth by the Elves of Rivendell. (Imladris is the name of that land in Sindarin.) It is apparently the only Eldarin calendar described by the Hobbits in the
|
Tínos
Tinos (Greek: Τήνος), or Tynos (Italian: Tine) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea, part of Greece. It is located in the Cyclades island complex. In ancient times, Tinos was also known as Ophiussa and Hydroessa. The closest islands are Andros and Mykonos. The area is about 194 km² and has about 8,000 people.
|
|
|
