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BarzaniMustafa Barzani (March 14, 1903–March 1, 1979) was a Kurdish nationalist leader and President of the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). Legendary to many of his people, Barzani was one of the most inspired, tenacious and resilient Kurdish leaders with a commitment to the Kurdish struggle for peace and freedom. He led the armed struggle, notably from 1961 to 1963, and from April 1974 to May 1975.
Barzani was born in 1904 in Barzan in northern Iraq (then Ottoman Empire), as the heir in the leading family of the region.
In 1931 and 1932, together with his older brother, Ahmad, he led the Kurdish struggle for independence. In 1935, with the suppression of the Kurdish fight, Mustafa was exiled to Sulaymaniyah, together with his brother. Mustafa escaped from Sulaymaniyah in 1942, and started a new revolt against Baghdad, but it was once again unsuccessful.
Mustafa escaped together with 1,000 of his followers into Soviet-occupied Iran.
In December 1945, under Soviet auspices, the Kurdish Republic of Mahabad was founded in northwestern Iran. Mustafa became its commander of the army.
In May 1946, the Kurdish Republic was crushed by Iran following the departure of Soviet troops.
By 1947 Mustafa moved to the Azerbaijan SSR in the Soviet Union, where he enrolled at the university.
In 1958, following the republican coup, Mustafa was invited to return to Iraq by prime minister Abdul Karim Qassim.
Mustafa went further than Qasim had intended, and suggested independence for the Kurdish regions in the north. This resulted in new clashes between the rulers of Baghdad and the Kurds.
In 1961 prime minister Qasim started military actions against the Kurds.
In March 1970 Baghdad and the Kurdish leaders reached an agreement, where Kurdish ethnicity and language were recognized and given a position on par with the Arab.
In the early 1970s, Mustafa's son Ubaydallah defected from the Barzani tribe, and started working with the regime of Baghdad. In March 1974 Mustafa led his followers into a fight with the Iraqi government, this time with the support of shah Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlavi of Iran.
In 1975 the situation between Iran and Iraq was about to escalate into full-scale war, and the shah of Iran cut off all support to Mustafa and his troops.
Mustafa had to escape, and went into exile in the United States.
He died in Georgetown Hospital in Washington, DC. His son Massoud Barzani is the current leader of the KDP and was elected as the President of the Iraqi Kurdistan region by the Iraqi Kurdistan's Parliament in June 2005. (see [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4092926.stm] , [http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2005-06/2005-06-12-voa17.cfm?CFID=4409674&CFTOKEN=96857876] and [http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2005/10/images/20051025-7_d-0221-515h.html])
Barzani, Mustafa
Barzani, Mustafa
Barzani, Mustafa
Category:Kurdish people
March 14
March 14 is the 73rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (74th in Leap years) with 292 days remaining in the year.
March 14, written 3-14 in the USA date format, is also an unofficial celebration for Pi Day derived from the common three-digit approximation for the number π: 3.14. It is usually celebrated at 1:59 PM (in recognition of the six-digit approximation: 3.14159). Some, using a twenty-four-hour clock rather than a twelve hour clock, say that 1:59 PM is actually 13:59 and celebrate it at 1:59 AM or 3:09 PM (15:09) instead. Parties have been held by mathematics departments of various schools around the world.
Events
- 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
- 1492 - Queen Isabella of Castille orders her 150,000 Jewish subjects to convert to Christianity or face expulsion.
- 1590 - Battle of Ivry: Henry of Navarre and the Huguenots defeat the forces of the Catholic League under the Duc de Mayenne during the French Wars of Religion.
- 1647 - Thirty Years War: Bavaria, Cologne, France and Sweden sign the Truce of Ulm.
- 1757 - On-board the HMS Monarch, Admiral John Byng is executed by firing squad for neglecting his duty.
- 1794 - Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin.
- 1800 - Cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti is elected Pope Pius VII
- 1869 - Defeat of Titokowaru.
- 1900 - The Gold Standard Act is ratified, placing United States currency on the gold standard.
- 1903 - The Hay-Herran Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Columbian Senate would later reject the treaty.
- 1903 - Theodore Roosevelt issues an executive order making Pelican Island, in Florida, a “preserve and breeding ground for native birds,” marking the birth of the National Wildlife Refuge System.
- 1915 - World War I: Cornered off the coast of Chile by the Royal Navy after fleeing the disastrous Battle of the Falkland Islands, the German light cruiser SMS Dresden is abandoned and scuttled by her crew.
- 1923 - Pete Parker does the first-ever complete radio broadcast of a hockey game in the world, in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.
- 1939 - German troops fully occupy the Czechoslovak provinces of Bohemia and Moravia.
- 1951 - Korean War: For the second time, United Nations troops recapture Seoul.
- 1959 - J.R.D.A.C.I. founded at a congress in Treichville, Côte d'Ivoire.
- 1964 - A jury in Dallas, Texas finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
- 1966 - Phillip Stephen Oakland (Budd); born known for his work as Seafront Manager for the people of Eastbourne.
- 1967 - The body of President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery.
- 1978 - The Israeli Defense Force, in retaliation for a terrorist attack three days earlier, invades and occupies southern Lebanon, under codename Operation Litani, resulting in the evacuation of at least 100,000 Lebanese, approximately 2,000 deaths, as well as the creation of United Nations Interim Forces In Lebanon (UNIFIL).
- 1979 - In China, a Hawker-Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing, killing at least 200.
- 1980 - In Poland, a plane crashes during an emergency landing near Warsaw, killing a 14-man American boxing team and 73 others.
- 1984 - Gerry Adams, head of Sinn Féin, is seriously wounded in an assassination attempt in central Belfast.
- 1989 - Gun control: President George H. W. Bush bans the importation of assault rifles into the United States.
- 1991 - After 16 years in prison for allegedly bombing a pub in an Irish Republican Army attack, the "Birmingham Six" are freed when a court determines that the police fabricated evidence.
- 1994 - Timeline of Linux development: Linux kernel version 1.0.0 is released.
- 1995 - Manned space mission: Astronaut Norman Thagard becomes the first American astronaut to ride to space on-board a Russian launch vehicle.
- 1996 - American President Bill Clinton commits $100 million to an anti-terrorism agreement with Israel to track down and root out terrorists.
- 1997 - The Chinese city of Chongqing (formerly Chunking) is upgraded to a centrally administered municipality
- 1998 - An earthquake measuring 6.9 on the Richter scale hits southeastern Iran.
- 2004 - Pope John Paul II becomes the second-longest serving pope in history.
- 2004 - Vladimir Putin is re-elected president of Russia, while the PSOE wins elections in Spain just days after terrorist attacks in Madrid.
- 2005 - The online statistics service SOTKAnet is opened for the public in Finland.
- 2005 - Mass Protest against Syrian influence in Lebanon takes place in Beirut.
Births
- 1638 - Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic (d. 1710)
- 1681 - Georg Philipp Telemann, German composer (d. 1767)
- 1804 - Johann Strauß, Sr., Austrian composer (d. 1849)
- 1813 - Joseph Philo Bradley, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (d. 1892)
- 1823 - Théodore de Banville, French writer (d. 1891)
- 1835 - Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (d. 1910)
- 1844 - King Umberto I of Italy (d. 1900)
- 1853 - Ferdinand Hodler, Swiss painter (d. 1918)
- 1854 - Paul Ehrlich, German scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1915)
- 1869 - Algernon Blackwood, British writer (d. 1951)
- 1879 - Albert Einstein, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1955)
- 1882 - Waclaw Sierpinski, Polish mathematician (d. 1969)
- 1885 - Raoul Lufbery, American World War I pilot (d. 1918)
- 1887 - Sylvia Beach, American publisher (d. 1962)
- 1903 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (d. 1979)
- 1912 - Les Brown, American band leader (d. 2001)
- 1914 - Bill Owen, British actor (d. 1999)
- 1914 - Lee Petty, American race car driver (d. 2000)
- 1915 - Alexander Brott, Canadian conductor and composer (d. 2005)
- 1916 - Horton Foote, American writer
- 1920 - Hank Ketcham, American cartoonist (d. 2001)
- 1923 - Diane Arbus, American photographer (d. 1971)
- 1925 - Francis A. Marzen, American Catholic prelate
- 1925 - William Clay Ford, Sr., Ford Motor Co. Director Emeritus, Detroit Lions Football Franchise Owner
- 1928 - Frank Borman, astronaut and airline executive
- 1933 - Michael Caine, British actor
- 1933 - Quincy Jones, American music producer and composer
- 1934 - Eugene Cernan, astronaut
- 1938 - Angus Maclise, American mystic, shaman, musician, and composer (d. 1979)
- 1941 - Wolfgang Petersen, German director
- 1945 - Jasper Carrott, British comedian
- 1946 - Steve Kanaly, American actor
- 1947 - Billy Crystal, American actor and comedian
- 1947 - Pam Ayres, British poet
- 1950 - Rick Dees, American disc jockey
- 1956 - Jonathan Bowen, British computer scientist
- 1957 - Andrew Robinson, British editor and author
- 1958 - Albert II, Prince of Monaco
- 1961 - Kirby Puckett, baseball player
- 1961 - Penny Johnson Jerald, American actress
- 1963 - Bruce Reid, Australian cricketer
- 1965 - Aamir Khan, Indian actor
- 1965 - Kevin Brown, baseball player
- 1965 - Kevin Williamson, American screenwriter
- 1976 - Catherine Dent, American actress
- 1976 - Merlin Santana, American actor (d. 2002)
- 1977 - Mervyn Colley, British kabbalist and ceremonial magician
- 1978 - Pieter van den Hoogenband, Dutch swimmer
- 1979 - Chris Klein, American actor
- 1981 - Mei-Ting Sun, Chinese-born pianist
- 1983 - Bakhtiyar Artayev, Kazakh boxer
- 1983 - Taylor Hanson, American musician (Hanson)
- 1986 - Jamie Bell, British actor
- 1990 - Christopher Halligan, American Actor
Deaths
- 752 - Pope Zacharias
- 1457 - Jingtai Emperor of China (b. 1428)
- 1471 - Sir Thomas Malory, English author
- 1647 - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (b. 1584)
- 1648 - Ferdinando Fairfax, 2nd Lord Fairfax of Cameron, English general (b. 1584)
- 1680 - René Le Bossu, French critic (b. 1631)
- 1682 - Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruysdael, Dutch painter
- 1696 - Jean Domat, French jurist (b. 1625)
- 1698 - Claes Rålamb, Swedish statesman (b. 1622)
- 1748 - George Wade, British military leader (b. 1673)
- 1757 - John Byng, British admiral (executed) (b. 1704)
- 1791 - Johann Salomo Semler, German historian and Bible commentator (b. 1725)
- 1803 - Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, German writer (b. 1724)
- 1823 - Charles François Dumouriez, French general (b. 1739)
- 1883 - Karl Marx, German political theorist (b. 1818)
- 1884 - Quintino Sella, Italian statesman (b. 1827)
- 1932 - George Eastman, American inventor (b. 1854)
- 1973 - Rafael Godoy, Colombian composer (b. 1907)
- 1973 - Chic Young, American cartoonist (b. 1901)
- 1975 - Susan Hayward, American actress (b. 1917)
- 1976 - Busby Berkeley, American choreographer and director (b. 1895)
- 1977 - Fannie Lou Hamer, American civil rights activist (b. 1917)
- 1989 - Edward Abbey, American author (b. 1927)
- 1991 - Howard Ashman, American lyricist (b. 1950)
- 1991 - Doc Pomus, American composer (b. 1925)
- 1995 - William Alfred Fowler, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)
- 1997 - Fred Zinnemann, Austrian-born director (b. 1907)
- 2002 - Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher
- 2002 - Cherry Wilder, New Zealand-born author (b. 1930)
- 2003 - Jack Goldstein, Canadian-born artist (b. 1945)
- 2003 - Jean-Luc Lagardère, French publisher (b. 1928)
Holidays and observances
- Commonwealth Day (2005, second Monday in March)
- Japan - White Day: Japanese holiday similar to Valentines Day (men give gifts to women, as opposed to Valentine's Day, when women give gifts to men).
- Pi Day - unofficial holiday
- Roman Empire - Equirria, horse races in honor of Mars were held.
Other notes
- Microsoft Excel, a popular spreadsheet program, uses March 14th, 2001, in many recent versions as the sample date when editing date formatting.
External links
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/14 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.tnl.net/when/3/14 Today in History: March 14]
----
March 13 - March 15 - February 14 - April 14 -- listing of all days
ko:3월 14일
ja:3月14日
simple:March 14
th:14 มีนาคม
1903
1903 (MCMIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). It also had the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasn't had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. See 1696.
Events
1696
- January 1 - Edward VII of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Emperor of India
- January 6 - Mileva Maric married Albert Einstein.
- February 11 - The Oxnard Strike of 1903 represents the first time in U.S. history that a labor union was formed from members of different races.
- February 15 - Morris Michtom and his wife Rose introduce the first teddy bear in America.
- February 23 - Cuba leases Guantanamo Bay to the United States "in perpetuity"
- March 2 - In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens, becoming the first hotel exclusively for women.
- March 3 – British admiralty announces plans to build naval base at Rosyth
- March 5 – Turkey and Germany signs an agreement to build the Constantinople-Baghdad Railway
- March 14 - The Hay-Herran Treaty, granting the United States the right to build the Panama Canal, is ratified by the United States Senate. The Colombian Senate would later reject the treaty.
- March 22 - the US side of the Niagara Falls runs short of water
- March 31 - Possible first powered heavier-than-air flight, Richard Pearse, New Zealand (some date it to 1902)
- May 18 - Opening of Port of Burgas, Bulgaria.
- June 10-11 – Assassination of Serbian King Alexander Obrenović and Queen Draga
- July 1-19 - First Tour de France – Maurice Garin wins
- July 7 - British take over the Fulani empire
- July 23 - Dr. Ernst Pfenning of Chicago, Illinois becomes the first owner of a Ford Model A.
- April 29 - 30,000,000 cubic metre landslide kills 70 in Frank, Alberta
- August 2 - The Ilinden Uprising of the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire breaks out
- August 4 - Pope Pius X elected.
- August 10 - The Paris Metro train fire takes place.
- September 8 - Massacre of Bulgarians by Turkish troops at Monastir is reported.
- September 14 - Joseph Chamberlain resigns as Colonial Secretary.
- September 15 - Grêmio, a brazilian football team is founded.
- September 24 - Edmund Barton steps down as Prime Minister of Australia and is succeded by Alfred Deakin.
- October - Frank Nelson Cole proved that 2^67-1 is composite by factoring it as 193,707,727
- 761,838,257,287 after trying every Sunday for 3 years.
- October 6 - The High Court of Australia sits for the first time.
- October 10 - Foundation of the Women's Social and Political Union
- November 3 - With the encouragement of the United States, Panama proclaims itself independent from Colombia.
- November 6 - USA recognizes independence of Panama
- November 17 - The Russian Social Democratic Labor Party splits into two groups; the Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority"). (NOTE: Later the Bolsheviks became the majority party).
Mensheviks]
- November 18 - The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty is signed by the United States and Panama, giving the Americans exclusive rights over the Panama Canal Zone.
- November 23 - Colorado Governor James Hamilton Peabody sends the state militia into the town of Cripple Creek to break up a miners' strike.
- December 17 - Orville Wright flies aircraft with a petrol engine at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina in first documented successful controlled powered heavier-than-air flight.
- December 30 - A fire at the Iroquois Theater in Chicago, Illinois kills 600.
Unknown dates
- Lincoln-Lee Legion established to promote temperance movement and signing of alcohol abstinence pledgeds by children.
Births
January
- January 6 - Maurice Abravanel, Greek-born conductor (d. 1993)
- January 7 - Warren Hull, American actor (d. 1974)
- January 11 - Hans Redlich, Austrian composer (d. 1968)
- January 16 - William Grover-Williams, French race car driver and war hero (d. 1945)
- January 22 - Fritz Houtermans, physicist (d. 1966)
- January 27 - John Carew Eccles, Australian neuropsychologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1997)
February
- February 2 - Bartel Leendert van der Waerden, Dutch mathematician (d. 1996)
- February 6 - Claudio Arrau, Chilean-born pianist (d. 1991)
- February 8 - Greta Keller, Vienna-born cabaret singer and actress (d. 1977)
- February 10 - Matthias Sindelar, Austrian footballer (d. 1939)
- February 11 - Rex Lease, American actor (d. 1966)
- February 11 - Alan Paton, South-African writer (d. 1988)
- February 13 - Georges Simenon, French writer (d. 1989)
- February 16 - Edgar Bergen, American ventriloquist (d. 1978)
- February 21 - Anaïs Nin, French writer (d. 1977)
- February 21 - Raymond Queneau, French poet and novelist (d. 1976)
- February 22 - Morley Callaghan, Canadian writer and media personality (d. 1990)
- February 22 - Frank P. Ramsey, English mathematician (d. 1930)
- February 26 - Giulio Natta, Italian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
- February 27 - Grethe Weiser, actress (d. 1970)
- February 28 - Vincente Minnelli, American director (d. 1986)
March
- March 6 - Empress Kojun, Empress consort of Japan (d. 2000)
- March 11 - Ronald Syme, New Zealand-born classicist and historian (d. 1989)
- March 11 - Lawrence Welk, American television musician (d. 1992)
- March 14 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (d. 1979)
- March 20 - Edgar Buchanan, American actor (d. 1979)
- March 24 - Adolf Butenandt, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
- March 28 - Rudolf Serkin, Austrian pianist (d. 1991)
April
- April 6 - Mickey Cochrane, baseball player (d. 1962)
- April 6 - Doc Edgerton, American electrical engineering (d. 1990)
- April 10 - Clare Boothe Luce, American publisher and writer (d. 1987)
- April 12 - Jan Tinbergen, Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
- April 15 - John Williams, English-born actor (d. 1983)
- April 17 - Gregor Piatigorsky, Russian cellist (d. 1976)
- April 17 - Morgan Taylor, American athlete (d. 1975)
- April 19 - Eliot Ness, American treasury agent (d. 1957)
- April 24 - José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Spanish politician (d. 1936)
- April 25 - Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov, Russian mathematician (d. 1987)
- April 28 - Johan Borgen, Norwegian author (d. 1979)
May
- May 2 - Benjamin Spock, American pediatrician (d. 1998)
- May 3 - Bing Crosby, American singer and actor (d. 1977)
- May 4 - Luther Adler, American actor (d. 1984)
- May 8 - Fernandel, French actor (d. 1971)
- May 11 - Charlie Gehringer, baseball player (d. 1993)
- May 20 - Barbara Hepworth, English sculptor (d. 1975)
- May 21 - Frank Sargeson, New Zealand writer (d. 1982)
- May 29 - Bob Hope, English-born comedian (d. 2003)
June
- June 6 - Aram Khachaturian, Armenian composer (d. 1978)
- June 8 - Marguerite Yourcenar, Belgian-French author (d. 1987)
- June 12 - Emmett Hardy, American musician (d. 1925)
- June 16 - Helen Traubel, American soprano (d. 1972)
- June 18 - Jeanette MacDonald, American singer, actress (d. 1965)
- June 18 - Raymond Radiguet, French author (d. 1923)
- June 19 - Lou Gehrig, baseball player (d. 1941)
- June 19 - Wally Hammond, English cricketer (d. 1965)
- June 21 - Al Hirschfeld, American caricaturist (d. 2003)
- June 22 - John Dillinger, American bank robber (d. 1934)
- June 25 - Pierre Brossolette, French journalist and resistance fighter (d. 1944)
- June 25 - George Orwell, English author (d. 1950)
- June 29 - Alan Blumlein, British electronics engineer (d. 1942)
July
- July 1 - Amy Johnson, English aviator (d. 1941)
- July 2 - Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
- July 2 - King Olav V of Norway (d. 1991)
- July 4 - Corrado Cardinal Bafile, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 2005)
- July 6 - Hugo Theorell, Swedish scientist, recpient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1982)
- July 10 - John Wyndham, British author (d. 1969)
- July 13 - Kenneth Clark, English art historian (d. 1983)
- July 21 - Roy Neuberger, American financier and art collector
August
- August 3 - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (d. 2000)
- August 7 - Louis Leakey, British archaeologist (d. 1972)
- August 18 - Lucienne Boyer, French singer (d. 1983)
- August 23 - William Primrose, Scottish violist
1979
This page refers to the year 1979. For the Smashing Pumpkins song, see 1979 (song).
1979 (MCMLXXIX) is a common year starting on Monday.
Events
- 1979 energy crisis - occurred in the wake of the Iranian Revolution
- January 1 - United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the "International Year of the Child." Many musicians donate to the "Music for UNICEF" fund.
- January 1 - Sino-American relations: United States and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations
- January 4 - State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of dead and injured in Kent State University shootings.
- January 7 - Vietnam and Vietnam-backed Cambodian insurgents announce the fall of Phnom Penh, Cambodian capital, and the collapse of the Pol Pot regime. Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge retreat to Thailand
- January 8 - The French tanker Betelgeuse explodes at the Gulf Oil terminal at Bantry in Ireland - 50 dead
- January 13 - YMCA sues the Village People for libel because of their song of the same name
- January 16 - The Shah of Iran flees Iran with his family and relocate to Egypt after a year of turmoil.
- January 19 - Former US Attorney General John N. Mitchell released on parole after 19 months at a federal prison in Alabama
- January 29 - Brenda Ann Spencer opens fire at random in San Diego, California, killing two teachers and wounding 8 students
- February 1 - Convicted bank robber Patty Hearst is released from prison after her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter
- February 1 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile.
- February 2 - Sid Vicious dies of heroin overdose
- February 3 - Khomeini creates the Council of the Islamic Revolution
- February 7 - Supporters of Khomeini take over the Iranian law enforcement, courts and government administration
- February 7 - Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for the first time since either planet was known to science.
- February 10-February 11 - Iranian army mutinies and joins the Islamic Revolution
- February 11 - Khomeini seizes power in Iran.
- February 14 - In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs, who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police
- February 14 - Musician Walter Carlos reveals that he has undergone a sex change operation and become Wendy
- February 17 - The People's Republic of China invades northern Vietnam, launching the Sino-Vietnamese War.
- February 22 - Independence of Saint Lucia from the United Kingdom.
March and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel sign the Camp David Accords.]]
- March 1 - Scotland voted narrowly for home rule, which was not implemented, and Wales voted against
- March 5 - Voyager I passes Jupiter
- March 13 - In Grenada, Maurice Bishop leads a successful coup
- March 14 - In China, a Hawker-Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing killing at least 200
- March 25 - The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, Columbia, was delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch
- March 26 - In a ceremony at the White House, President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel sign a peace treaty
- March 28 - Nuclear power plant accident at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, releases radiation
- March 28 - In Britain, Jim Callaghan's government loses a motion of confidence by one vote, forcing a general election
- March 29 - Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia dies in office. He is replaced by Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Mustain Billah ibni Almarhum Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Riayatuddin Al-Muadzam Shah, Sultan of Pahang.
- March 30 - Airey Neave, World War Two veteran and Conservative Northern Ireland spokesman, is killed by INLA bomb in British House of Commons car park
- March 31 - The Royal Navy withdraws from Malta
May.]]
- April 1 - Iran's government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially
- April 1-April 18 - Police lock Andreas Mihavecz in a holding cell in Bregenz, Austria and forget him there for the next 18 days without food or drink
- April 2 - Soviet biowarfare laboratory at Sverdlovsk accidentally releases airborne anthrax spores. 66 dead plus unknown amount of livestock
- April 4 - President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed
- April 10 - A tornado hits in Wichita Falls, Texas killing 42 people. It was the most notable tornado of twenty-six that hit that day.
- April 11 - Tanzanian troops take Kampala, the capital of Uganda. Idi Amin flees
- April 17 - Schoolchildren in the Central African Republic arrested for protesting against wearing the expensive, school uniforms. Around 100 killed.
- April 23 - Fighting in London between the Anti-Nazi League and the Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group results in the death of protestor Blair Peach
- May 1 - Greenland gets home rule
- May 4 - Conservatives win the British general election; Margaret Thatcher becomes the new prime minister.
- May 9 - Unabomber bomb injures Northwestern University graduate student John Harris
- May 10 - The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing.
- May 25 - American Airlines Flight 191: In Chicago, Illinois, a DC-10 crashes during takeoff at O'Hare International Airport killing 271 on board and two people on the ground.
- June 1 - The first black-led government of Rhodesia in 90 years takes power, in succession to Ian Smith and under his power-sharing deal.
- June 2 - Pope John Paul II visits his native Poland, becoming the first Pope to visit a Communist country
- June 3 - A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 600,000 tons (176,400,000 gallons) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the worst oil spill to date. Some estimate the spill to be 428 million gallons, making it the largest unintentional oil spill ever.
- June 4 - Joe Clark becomes Canada's sixteenth, and youngest, prime minister.
- June 12 - Bryan Allen flies the Gossamer Albatross, man powered, across the English Channel.
- June 18 - Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II agreement in Vienna.
- June 20 - a national guard soldier in Nicaragua kills ABC TV news correspondent Bill Stewart and his interpreter Juan Espinosa. Other members of the news crew capture the killing on tape
- June 23 - Sydney: New South Wales Premier Neville Wran officially opens the Eastern Suburbs Railway. It operates as a shuttle between Central & Bondi Junction until full integration with the Illawarra Line during 1980.
- July 2 - The Susan B. Anthony one-dollar coin is introduced in the US.
- July 3 - President Carter signed the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul.
- July 9 - A car bomb destroys a Renault owned by "Nazi hunters" Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.
- July 11 - The space station Skylab returns to Earth.
- July 12 - A "Disco Demolition Night" publicity stunt goes awry at Comiskey Park forcing the Chicago White Sox to forfeit their game against the Detroit Tigers.
- July 12 - Assassination of Carmine Galante, boss of Bonanno mafia family
- July 13 - Skylab re-enters the Earth atmosphere; the wreckage lands in Australia
- July 16 - Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Vice President Saddam Hussein replaces him
- July 17 - Nicaraguan president General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami; Sandinistas form a new government on July 19.
- July 19 - The Marxist Sandinistas take control of Nicaragua
- July 19 - Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo becomes prime minister of Portugal
- July 24 - Soviet Union exchanges Gerald Brook for spies Peter and Helen Kroger with United Kingdom
- July 31 - 400 Iranian pilgrims are killed after clashes with Saudi security forces in Mecca
- August 5 - Polisario signs a peace treaty with Mauritania
- August 5 - Government of Mauritania signs a peace treaty with Polisario
- August 9 - The first British nudist beach is established in Brighton
- August 27 - Lord Mountbatten and three others assassinated by the I.R.A..
- September 1 - The American Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km
- September 7 - The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for $1 billion to avoid bankruptcy.
- September 7 - ESPN starts broadcasting.
- September 16 - Three families flee from East Germany by balloon
- September 20 - French paratroopers help David Dacko to overthrow Bokassa
- September 22 - The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test.
- October 14 - A major gay rights march in the United States takes place in Washington, DC, involving many tens of thousands of people.
- October 16 - 23 people die in Nice, France, when the coastal town is hit by a tsunami
- October 21 - 259 Muslim radicals occupy Kaaba and the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Saudi Arabian army goes in to expel them
- October 26 - South Korean president Park Chunghee killed by KCIA head Kim Jaekyu.
- October 27 - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independence.
November
- November 1 - Iran hostage crisis: Iranian Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini urged his people to demonstrate on November 4 and to expand attacks on United States and Israeli interests
- November 2 - French police shoots gangster Jacques Mesrine in Paris
- November 3 - In Greensboro, North Carolina, five members of the Communist Workers Party are shot to death and seven are wounded by a group of Klansmen and neo-Nazis during a "Death to the Klan" rally
- November 4 - Iran hostage crisis begins: 3000 Iranian radicals, mostly students, invade the United States embassy in Tehran and take 90 hostages (63 of whom are American). They demand that the United States send the former shah back to Iran to stand trial.
- November 5 - The radio news program Morning Edition premieres on National Public Radio.
- November 6 - At Montevideo , Uruguay the International Olympic Committee adopts a resolution where Taiwan Olympic and sports team participate with the name Chinese Taipei in future Olympics Games and international sports tournaments and championships .
- November 12 - Iran hostage crisis: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran, US President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all oil imports into the United States from Iran
- November 14 - Iran hostage crisis: US President Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States and US banks in response to the hostage crisis
- November 16 - Bucharest Metro Line 1 is opened, in Bucharest, Romania (from Timpuri Noi to Semanatoarea stations, 8.63 km)
- November 17 - Iran hostage crisis: Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US Embassy in Tehran.
- November 20 - A group of around 200 militant Muslims occupied Mecca's Grand Mosque. They were driven out by French commandos (allowed into the city under these special circumstances despite their being non-Muslims) after bloody fighting that left 250 people were killed and 600 wounded.
- November 20 - Group of Sunni muslims barricade themselves into the Holy Mosque of Mecca. They hold out until December 4
- November 21 - After false radio reports from the Ayatollah Khomeini that the Americans had occupied the Great Mosque in Mecca, the United States Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan is attacked by a mob and set afire, killing four. (see: Foreign relations of Pakistan)
- November 23 - In Dublin, Ireland, Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten
- November 28 - The Mount Erebus disaster: an Air New Zealand DC-10 crashes into Mount Erebus on a sightseeing trip, killing all 257 people on board.
- December 5 - Jack Lynch resigns as Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland. Successor Charles Haughey.
- December 21 - Ceasefire for Rhodesia signed at London
- December 24 - Soviet Union invades Afghanistan
- December 24 - The launch of the first European Ariane rocket.
- December 26 - In Rhodesia, 96 Patriotic Front guerillas enter the capital Salisbury to monitor a ceasefire that begins in December 28
- December 27 - The Soviet Union seizes control of Afghanistan and Babrak Karmal replaces overthrown and executed President Hafizullah Amin.
Unknown dates
- The World Health Organization declares the world free of naturally occurring smallpox.
- UNICEF declares 1979 the "International Year of the Child."
- VisiCalc becomes the first spreadsheet program.
- Guardian Angels civilian patrol group forms in New York City.
- Sprengel Museum opens in Hanover, Germany.
- Windsor Tower was built in Madrid, Spain.
- The first usenet experiments were conducted by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis of Duke University.
Births
- January 15 - Mary Pierce, American tennis player
- January 16 - Aaliyah, American singer (d. 2001)
- January 20 - Rob Bourdon, American drummer (Linkin Park)
- January 21 - Brian O'Driscoll, Irish rugby player
- January 24 - Tatyana Ali, American actress
- January 29 - Sui Feifei, Chinese basketball player
- February 9 - Mena Suvari, American actress
- February 9 - Zhang Ziyi, Chinese actress and model
- February 11 - Brandy Norwood, American singer
- February 16 - Valentino Rossi, Italian race car driver
- February 21 - Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress and singer
- March 9 - Melina Perez, American professional wrestler
- March 11 - Benji Madden and Joel Madden, twins from Good Charlotte
- March 12 - Pete Doherty, English singer and guitarist (The Libertines and Babyshambles)
- March 30 - Norah Jones, American musician
- April 4 - Heath Ledger, Australian actor
- April 3 - Daniel Lane, British music journalist (Kerrang!)
- April 8 - Alexi Laiho, Finnish guitarist (Children of Bodom)
- April 10 - Rachel Corrie, American activist (d. 2003)
- April 10 - Tsuyoshi Domoto, Japanese artist
- April 10 - Sophie Ellis-Bextor, English singer
- April 12 - Claire Danes, American actress
- April 18 - Michael Bradley, American basketball player
- April 19 - Kate Hudson, American actress
- April 19 - Antoaneta Stefanova, Bulgarian chess player
- April 28 - Jorge Garcia, American actor
- May 2 - Roman Lyashenko, Russian hockey player (d. 2003)
- May 24 - Tracy McGrady, American basketball player
- May 25 - Jonny Wilkinson, English rugby player
- May 26 - Ashley Massaro, American professional wrestler and model
- June 5 - Pete Wentz, American bassist and lyricist (Fall Out Boy)
- June 13 - Nila Håkedal, Norwegian beach volleyball player
- June 23 - LaDainian Tomlinson, American football player
- June 24 - Craig Shergold, British cancer patient
- June 28 - Randy McMichael, American football player
- June 29 - Marleen Veldhuis, Dutch swimmer
- July 3 - Ludivine Sagnier, French model and actress
- July 5 - Amélie Mauresmo, French tennis player
- July 9 - Enav Itamar, Israeli Writer
- July 21 - David Carr, American football player
- July 26 - Johnson Beharry, British war hero
- August 10 - Joanna Garcia, American actress
- August 13 - Taizo Sugimura, Japanese politician
- August 16 - Sarah Balabagan, Filipina prisoner and singer
- August 26 - Jamal Lewis, American football player
- August 28 - Robert Hoyzer, German football referee
- September 13 - Bjørn-Arild Berthelsen, Norwegian Salvation Army soldier
- September 13 - Ivan Miljković, Serbian volleybal player, considered as the best attacker in the world, Olympic Champion in 2000 (with the team of Jugoslavia)
- September 15 - Amy Davidson, American actress
- September 28 - Bam Margera, American skater
- October 1 - Rudi Johnson, American football player
- October 14 - Stacy Keibler, American professional wrestler
- October 17 - Kimi Räikkönen, Finnish race car driver
- October 30 - Yukie Nakama, Japanese actress
- November 6 - Lamar Odom, American basketball player
- November 7 - Jon Peter Lewis, American singer and songwriter
- November 13 - Ron Artest, American basketball player
- December 12 - Nate Clements, American football player
- December 14 - Michael Owen, English footballer
- December 15 - Adam Brody, American actor
- December 17 - William Green, American football player
- December 23 - Summer Altice, American model and actress
- December 27 - Carson Palmer, American football player
Deaths
January-March
- January 3 - Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (b. 1887)
- January 5 - Charles Mingus, American musician (b. 1922)
- January 13 - Donny Hathaway, American musician (b. 1945)
- January 26 - Nelson Rockefeller, Governor of New York, Vice President of the United States (b. 1908)
- February 2 - Sid Vicious, English musician (Sex Pistols) (drug overdose) (b. 1957)
- February 7 - Josef Mengele, Nazi war criminal (b. 1911)
- February 9 - Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
- February 12 - Jean Renoir, French film director (b. 1894)
- February 14 - Reginald Maudling, British politician (b. 1917)
- February 23 - W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician (b. 1900)
- February 28 - Mr. Ed, American talking horse (b. 1949)
- March 1 - Mustafa Barzani, Iraqi Kurdish politician (b. 1903)
- March 19 - Richard Beckinsale, British actor (b. 1947)
- March 28 - Emmett Kelly, American clown (b. 1898)
- March 29 - Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, King of Malaysia (b. 1917)
- March 30 - Airey Neave, British politician (asassinated) (b. 1916)
April-September
- April 4 - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President and Prime Minister of Pakistan (executed) (b. 1928)
- April 4 - Edgar Buchanan, American actor (b. 1903)
- April 10 - Nino Rota, Italian composer (b. 1911)
- April 23 - Blair Peach, New Zealand-born anti-Nazi campaigner (killed by police) (b. 1946)
- May 2 - Giulio Natta, Italian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
- May 11 - Barbara Hutton, American socialite (b. 1912)
- May 29 - Mary Pickford, Canadian actress and studio founder (b. 1892)
- June 1 - Werner Forssmann, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1904)
- June 11 - John Wayne, American actor (b. 1907)
- June 17 - Duffy Lewis, baseball player (b. 1888)
- June 19 - Paul Popenoe, American eugenicist (b. 1888)
- June 29 - Lowell George, American musician (Little Feat) (b. 1945)
- July 3 - Louis Durey, French composer (b. 1888)
- July 8 - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
- July 8 - Robert B. Woodward, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
- July 10 - Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (b. 1894)
- July 12 - Minnie Riperton, American singer (b. 1947)
- July 16 - Alfred Deller, English countertenor (b. 1912)
- July 22 - Nittatsu Hosoi, Japanese priest (b. 1902)
- July 29 - Bill Todman, American game show producer (b. 1916)
- August 2 - Thurman Munson, baseball player (b. 1947)
- August 3 - Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
- August 6 - Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, German biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1911)
- August 12 - Ernst Boris Chain, German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (b. 1906)
- August 27 - Earl Mountbatten, last British Viceroy of India (assassinated) (b. 1900)
- August 31 - Sally Rand, American dancer (b. 1904)
- September - Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin III, King of Malaysia (b. 1907)
- September 8 - Jean Seberg, American actress (b. 1938)
- September 10 - Agostinho Neto, Angolan nationalist (b. 1922)
- September 28 - John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (b. 1921)
- September 29 - Francisco Macias Nguema, first president of Equatorial Guinea
October-December
- October 6 - Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (b. 1911)
- October 10 - Christopher Evans, British psychologist and computer scientist (b. 1931)
- October 13 - Rebecca Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886)
- October 16 - Johan Borgen, Norwegian author (b. 1903)
- October 22 - Nadia Boulanger, French composer and composition teacher (b. 1887)
- October 26 - Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (b. 1917)
- November 1 - Mamie Eisenhower, First Lady of the United States (b. 1896)
- November 29 - Zeppo Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1901)
- December 3 - Dhyan Chand, Indian hockey player (b. 1905)
- December 23 - Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector (b. 1898)
- December 27 - Hafizullah Amin, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929)
Fictional
- June 13 - Pamela Voorhees, serial killer, mother of Jason Voorhees (b. 1930)
Nobel Prizes
- Physics - Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg
- Chemistry - Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
- Medicine - Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield
- Literature - Odysseas Elytis
- Peace - Mother Teresa
- Economics - Theodore Schultz, Arthur Lewis
- Rev. Nikkyo Niwano
Category:1979
als:1979
ko:1979년
ja:1979年
simple:1979
th:พ.ศ. 2522
Kurds
The Kurds are an Iranian people (a classification that is more linguistic than 'ethnic' in the case of many Kurds) inhabiting a mountainous area of Southwest Asia that includes parts of Iraq, Turkey, and Iran as well as smaller section | | |
