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Trygve Martin Bratteli

Trygve Martin Bratteli

Trygve Martin Bratteli (January 11, 1910 - November 20, 1984) was a Norwegian politician from the Labour Party. Bratteli was born in Nøtterøy, where he attended primary school. He was unemployed for some time, worked as a messenger, a whaler, and construction worker. Named as secretary of the Labour Party's crisis committee during the Nazi invasion of Norway, he was arrested by the Germans in 1942 and survived being a Nacht und Nebel prisoner of various German concentration camps from 1943 to 1945. After returning to Norway in 1945, he became vice chairman of the party, served on the newly formed defense commission, and in 1965 he was made chairman of the Labour Party. He served in the Norwegian Storting from 1950 to 1981, and also minister of finance and transportation. He was Prime Minister of Norway from 1971 to 1972 and from 1973 to 1976. As the first Labour Party prime minister since Einar Gerhardsen's resignation, it fell on his shoulders to set a new tone for Labour governments. Central to his political career was the question of Norway's membership of the European Community. Following the close rejection of membership in the 1972 referendum, he resigned his cabinet. Trygve Bratteli was considered a skilled politician and a person of integrity. He wrote a number of autobiographical and political books. His memoirs about his time in German concentration camps - Prisoner in Night and Fog - became a bestseller in Norway. Bratteli, Trygve Bratteli, Trygve Bratteli, Trygve Bratteli, Trygve

January 11

January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 354 days remaining (355 in leap years).

Events


- 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople.
- 1158 - Vladislav II becomes King of Bohemia.
- 1569 - First recorded lottery in England.
- 1571 - Austrian nobility is granted freedom of religion.
- 1693 - Eruption of Mt. Etna.
- 1759 - In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.
- 1787 - William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moons of Uranus.
- 1805 - Michigan Territory is created.
- 1861 - Alabama secedes from the United States.
- 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post - General John McClernand and Admiral David Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union.
- 1867 - Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again.
- 1879 - Anglo-Zulu War begins.
- 1880 - Total solar eclipse blackens the sky of San Francisco one day after the funeral of Emperor Norton.
- 1908 - Grand Canyon National Monument is created.
- 1919 - Romania annexes Transylvania.
- 1922 - First use of insulin to treat diabetes in a human patient.
- 1923 - Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments.
- 1935 - Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly solo from Hawaii to California.
- 1938 - Frances Moulton is the first woman to become president of a US national bank.
- 1942 - Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades the Netherlands East Indies.
  - The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur.
- 1943 - The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China.
- 1946 - Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic of Albania with himself as dictator.
  - Porfirio Barba-Jacob's ashes go back to Colombia.
- 1949 - First recorded case of snowfall in Los Angeles, California.
- 1957 - The African Convention is founded in Dakar.
- 1962 - Eruption of the Huascaran volcano in Peru; 4,000 deaths.
- 1963 - The Whisky A Go-Go night club in Los Angeles, the first disco in the USA, is opened.
- 1964 - United States Surgeon General Luther Leonidas Terry reports smoking may be hazardous to health. First such statement from US government.
- 1972 - East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh.
- 1973 - Beginning of the Watergate burglars trial.
- 1974 - The world's first surviving set of sextuplets are born to Susan Rosenkowitz in Cape Town, South Africa.
- 1980 - Nigel Short, 14, is the youngest chess player to be awarded the degree of International Master.
- 1982 - A cold snap sends temperatures to record lows in dozens of cities throughout the Midwestern United States.
- 1990 - 300,000 march in favor of Lithuanian independence.
- 1991 - Ric Flair defeats Sting to become the first WCW Champion.
- 1992 - Paul Simon is the first major artist to tour South Africa after the end of the cultural boycott.
- 1994 - Irish Government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the IRA and its political arm Sinn Fein
- 1996 - Haiti becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1998 - Sidi-Hamed massacre in Algeria; over 100 people killed.
- 2001 - The Federal Trade Commission approved the merger of AOL and Time Warner to form AOL Time Warner.

Births

1322 to 1899


- 1322 - Emperor Komyo of Japan (d. 1380)
- 1359 - Emperor Go-En'yu of Japan (d. 1393)
- 1503 - Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola, Italian artist (d. 1540)
- 1591 - Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (d. 1646)
- 1630 - John Rogers, American President of Harvard (b. 1684)
- 1671 - François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, French military leader (d. 1745)
- 1757 - Samuel Bentham, English mechanical engineer (d. 1831)
- 1757 - Alexander Hamilton, first United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1804)
- 1800 - Nat Turner, American slave (d. 1831)
- 1807 - Ezra Cornell, American businessman and university founder (d. 1874)
- 1815 - John A. Macdonald, first Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1891)
- 1856 - Christian Sinding, Norwegian composer (d. 1941)
- 1858 - Harry Gordon Selfridge, American retailer (d. 1947)
- 1859 - Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, British statesman, Viceroy of India (d. 1925)
- 1860 - Marie Bashkirtseff, Ukrainian artist (d. 1884)
- 1875 - Reinhold Glière, Russian composer (d. 1956)
- 1876 - Elmer Flick, American baseball player (d. 1971)
- 1885 - Alice Paul, American women's rights activist (d. 1977)
- 1887 - Aldo Leopold, American ecologist (d. 1948)

1900 to 1999


- 1902 - Maurice Duruflé, French composer (d. 1986)
- 1903 - Alan Paton, South African writer (d. 1988)
- 1906 - Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist
- 1908 - Lionel Stander, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1911 - Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)
- 1921 - Juanita M. Kreps, former US Secretary of commerce
- 1923 - Carroll Shelby, American automobile designer
- 1924 - Roger Guillemin, French neuroendocrinologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1924 - Sam B. Hall, American politician (d. 1994)
- 1924 - Slim Harpo, American musician (d. 1970)
- 1925 - Grant Tinker, American television executive
- 1926 - Lev Demin, cosmonaut (d. 1998)
- 1930 - Rod Taylor, Australian actor
- 1934 - Jean Chrétien, twentieth Prime Minister of Canada
- 1938 - Arthur Scargill British labor leader
- 1941 - Gérson, Brazilian football player
- 1942 - Clarence Clemons, American musician (E Street Band)
- 1943 - Jim Hightower, American radio host and author
- 1944 - John Piper, American theologian
- 1944 - Shibu Soren, Indian politician
- 1946 - Naomi Judd, American singer
- 1952 - Ben Crenshaw, American golfer
- 1952 - Lee Ritenour, musician and composer
- 1956 - Robert Earl Keen, American singer
- 1957 - Bryan Robson, English footballer and manager
- 1958 - Vicki Peterson, American musician
- 1960 - Stanley Tucci, American actor
- 1961 - Jasper Fforde, British author
- 1962 - Susan Lindauer, American peace activist and accused spy
- 1963 - Dean Reynolds, English snooker player
- 1966 - Marc Acito, American novelist and humorist
- 1966 - Kelley Law, Canadian curler
- 1968 - Tom Dumont, American musician, Alison Lewis. British Writer and Humanitist
- 1971 - Mary J. Blige, American singer
- 1972 - Marc Blucas, American actor
- 1972 - Amanda Peet, American actress
- 1973 - Rahul Dravid, Indian cricketer
- 1977 - Shomari Buchanan, American football player
- 1978 - Emile Heskey, English footballer
- 1980 - Mike Williams, American football player

Deaths

314 to 1899


- 314 - St. Miltiades
- 705 - John VI
- 812 - Stauracius, Byzantine Emperor
- 1055 - Constantine IX Monomachos, Byzantine Emperor
- 1494 - Domenico Ghirlandaio, Italian artist (b. 1449)
- 1495 - Pedro González de Mendoza, Spanish cardinal and statesman (b. 1428)
- 1641 - Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (b. 1583)
- 1696 - Charles Albanel, French missionary explorer in Canada (b. 1616)
- 1703 - Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (b. 1632)
- 1713 - Pierre Jurieu, French protestant leader (b. 1637)
- 1762 - Louis-François Roubiliac, French sculptor (b. 1695)
- 1763 - Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian, and poet (b. 1676)
- 1771 - Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (b. 1704)
- 1791 - William Williams Pantycelyn, Welsh hymnist (b. 1717)
- 1801 - Domenico Cimarosa, Italian composer (b. 1749)
- 1843 - Francis Scott Key, American lawyer (b. 1779)
- 1882 - Theodor Schwann, German physiologist (b. 1810)

1900 to 1999


- 1901 - Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (b. 1866)
- 1902 - Johnny Briggs, English cricketer (b. 1862)
- 1905 - Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter, Hasidic rabbi (b. 1847)
- 1923 - King Constantine I of Greece (b. 1868)
- 1928 - Thomas Hardy, English writer (b. 1840)
- 1941 - Emanuel Lasker, German chess player (b. 1868)
- 1958 - Edna Purviance, American actress (b. 1895)
- 1966 - Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor (b. 1901)
- 1966 - Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (b. 1889)
- 1968 - Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898) Alison Lewis British Crystal Healer
- 1970 - Richmal Crompton, British author (b. 1890)
- 1980 - Barbara Pym, English novelist (b. 1913)
- 1981 - Beulah Bondi, American actress (b. 1888)
- 1983 - Shri Ghanshyam Das Birla, Indian industrialist and educator (b. 1894)
- 1988 - Pappy Boyington, American aviator (b. 1912)
- 1991 - Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
- 1998 - Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (b. 1926)
- 1999 - Fabrizio de André, Italian singer (b. 1940)

2000 onwards


- 2000 - Ivan Combe, American inventor (b. 1911)
- 2000 - Bob Lemon, baseball player (b. 1920)
- 2001 - Sir Denys Lasdun, English architect (b. 1914)
- 2003 - Mickey Finn, English drummer (T. Rex)
- 2003 - Maurice Pialat, French actor and director (b. 1925)
- 2003 - Richard Simmons, American actor (b. 1913)
- 2005 - Spencer Dryden, American drummer (Jefferson Airplane) (b. 1938)
- 2005 - James Griffin, American musician (Bread) (b. 1943)
- 2005 - Miriam Hyde, Australian composer (b. 1913)

Holidays and observances


- Albania - Republic Day (1946)
- Japan - Kagami-Biraki (Rice Cakes Festival)
- Morocco - The Independence manifesto day
- Nepal - Unity Day
- Roman Empire - First day of Carmentalia in honor of Carmen
- Feast of the Baptism of Jesus

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/11 BBC: On This Day] ---- January 10 - January 12 - December 11 - February 11 — listing of all days ko:1월 11일 ms:11 Januari ja:1月11日 simple:January 11 th:11 มกราคม

November 20

November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 41 days remaining.

Events


- 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor.
- 1407 - A solemn truce between John, Duke of Burgundy and Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans is agreed under the auspicies of John, Duke of Berry. Orléans would be assassinated three days later by Burgundy.
- 1490 - Joanot Martorell's book Tirant lo Blanc is published for the first time.
- 1695 - Zumbi, the last of the leaders of Quilombo dos Palmares in early Brazil, was executed.
- 1700 - Great Northern War: Battle of Narva - King Charles XII of Sweden defeats the army of Tsar Peter the Great at Narva.
- 1789 - New Jersey becomes the first U.S. state to ratify the Bill of Rights.
- 1820 - An 80-ton sperm whale attacks the Essex (a whaling ship from Nantucket, Massachusetts) 2,000 miles from the western coast of South America (Herman Melville's 1851 novel Moby-Dick was in part inspired by this story).
- 1902 - Henri Desgrange and fellow journalist Géo Lefèvre dream up the idea of the Tour de France over lunch at the Café de Madrid in Paris.
- 1910 - Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero denounces President Porfirio Díaz, declares himself president, and calls for a revolution to overthrow the government of Mexico.
- 1917 - World War I: Battle of Cambrai begins - British forces make early progress in an attack on German positions but are later pushed back.
- 1917 - Ukraine is declared a republic.
- 1940 - World War II: Hungary, Romania and Slovakia join the Axis Powers.
- 1943 - World War II: Battle of Tarawa begins - United States Marines land on Tarawa atoll in the Gilbert Islands and suffer heavy fire from Japanese shore guns and machine guns.
- 1945 - Nuremberg Trials: Trials against 24 Nazi war criminals start at the Nuremberg Palace of Justice.
- 1947 - The Princess Elizabeth marries Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten at Westminster Abbey in London.
- 1955 - RCA offers a $35,000 contract for Elvis Presley.
- 1955 - Bo Diddley becomes the first African American performer to appear on The Ed Sullivan Show. Apparently Sullivan was infuriated when Diddley sang his self-titled song instead of Tennessee Ernie Ford's hit, "Sixteen Tons."
- 1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis ends: In response to the Soviet Union's agreeing to remove its missiles from Cuba, U.S. President John F. Kennedy ends the quarantine of the Caribbean nation.
- 1966 - Cabaret opens at the Imperial Theatre, New York.
- 1968 - Vietnam War: Eleven men comprising a Long Range Patrol team from F Company, 58th Infantry, 101st Airborne are surrounded and nearly wiped out by North Vietnamese army regulars from the 4th and 5th Regiment. The seven wounded survivors are rescued after several hours by an impromptu force made of other men from their unit.
- 1969 - Vietnam War: The Cleveland Plain Dealer publishes explicit photographs of dead villagers from the My Lai massacre in Vietnam.
- 1974 - The United States Department of Justice files its final anti-trust suit against AT&T. This suit later leads to the break up of AT&T and its Bell System.
- 1982 - Andy Kaufman was forever voted off of Saturday Night Live by a live phone poll.
- 1983 - In the U.S., an estimated 100 million people watch the controversial made-for-television movie The Day After, depicting a nuclear war and its effects on the United States.
- 1989 - Velvet Revolution: The number of protestors assembled in Prague, Czechoslovakia swells from 200,000 the day before to an estimated half-million.
- 1992 - In England, a fire breaks out in the Private Chapel room of Windsor Castle, rages for 15 hours, and seriously damages the northwest side of the building (an investigation found that the fire was ignited after a spotlight came into contact with a curtain over an extended period).
- 1993 - Savings and Loan scandal: The United States Senate Ethics Committee issues a stern censure of California senator Alan Cranston for his "dealings" with savings-and-loan executive Charles Keating.
- 1994 - The Angolan government and UNITA rebels sign the Lusaka Protocol in Zambia, ending 19 years of civil war (in 1995 localized fighting resumed).
- 1998 - The first module of the International Space Station, Zarya, was launched.
- 1998 - A court in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan declares accused terrorist Osama bin Laden "a man without a sin" in regard to the 1998 U.S. embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania.
- 2001 - In Washington, D.C., U.S. President George W. Bush dedicates the United States Department of Justice headquarters building as the Robert F. Kennedy Justice Building, honoring the late Robert F. Kennedy on what would have been his 76th birthday.
- 2003 - After the November 15 bombings, a second day of the 2003 Istanbul Bombings occurs in Istanbul, Turkey, destroying the Turkish head office of HSBC Holdings and the British consulate.
- 2003 - Michael Jackson is arrested by police on charges of child molestation.

Births


- 1602 - Otto von Guericke, German physicist and inventor (d. 1686)
- 1620 - Peregrine White, first English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (d. 1704)
- 1621 - Avvakum, Russian priest and writer (d. 1682)
- 1625 - Paulus Potter, Dutch painter (d. 1654)
- 1660 - Daniel Ernst Jablonski, German theologian (d. 1741)
- 1761 - Pope Pius VIII (d. 1830)
- 1762 - Pierre André Latreille, French entomologist (d. 1833)
- 1765 - Sir Thomas Fremantle, British naval captain and politician (d. 1819)
- 1841 - Wilfrid Laurier, seventh Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1919)
- 1851 - Queen Margherita of Italy (d. 1926)
- 1858 - Selma Lagerlöf, Swedish author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
- 1864 - Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish writer (d. 1931)
- 1866 - Kenesaw Mountain Landis, American judge and first baseball commissioner, named for Kenesaw Mountain in Georgia (d. 1944)
- 1884 - Norman Thomas, American social reformer (d. 1968)
- 1886 - Karl von Frisch, Austrian zoologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1982)
- 1889 - Edwin Hubble, American astronomer. Discoverer of the wide prevelance of the Red Shift in astronomy, at Mt. Wilson Observatory in California, and for whom the Hubble Space Telescope is named (d. 1953)
- 1903 - Alexandra Danilova, Russian ballerina (d. 1997)
- 1904 - Yevgenia Ginzburg, Russian writer (d. 1977)
- 1908 - Alistair Cooke, British-born journalist who covered the United States extensively, and who became an American citizen. (d. 2004)
- 1912 - Otto von Habsburg, German head of the Austrian imperial family
- 1913 - Judy Canova, American actress (d. 1983)
- 1914 - Emilio Pucci, Italian fashion designer (d. 1992)
- 1917 - Robert Byrd, Long-time U.S. Senator from West Virginia, and a leader in the Senate
- 1917 - Bobby Locke, South African golfer (d. 1987)
- 1919 - Evelyn Keyes, American actress
- 1921 - Jim Garrison, American detective, author, and politician (d. 1992)
- 1923 - Nadine Gordimer, South African writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1924 - Benoît Mandelbrot, Polish-born mathematician who made discoveries in fracals. For whom the Mandelbrot set is named
- 1925 - Kaye Ballard, American comic actress
- 1925 - Robert F. Kennedy, U.S. Attorney General, Senator from New York State, and brother of President John F. Kennedy (d. 1968)
- 1925 - Maya Plisetskaya, Russian ballet dancer
- 1926 - Andrzej W. Schally, Polish-born endocrinologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1927 - Estelle Parsons, American actress
- 1928 - Aleksey Batalov, Russian actor
- 1932 - Richard Dawson, British actor and game show host. Played Corporal Newkirk on "Hogan's Heroes"
- 1936 - Don DeLillo, American author
- 1937 - René Kollo, German tenor
- 1939 - Dick Smothers, American comedian - member of the Smothers Brothers duo
- 1940 - Bob Einstein, American actor better known as Super Dave Osborne
- 1942 - Joseph Biden, Long-time U.S. Senator from Delaware, and a leader in the Senate.
- 1942 - Norman Greenbaum, American singer
- 1943 - Veronica Hamel, American actress
- 1946 - Duane Allman, American guitarist. Member of the "Allman Brothers" band (d. 1971)
- 1946 - Greg Cook, American football player
- 1947 - Joe Walsh, American musician
- 1948 - John R. Bolton, U.S. Ambassador to the UN
- 1948 - Barbara Hendricks, American-born soprano
- 1948 - Richard Masur, American actor
- 1949 - Thelma Drake, U.S. Congresswoman from Virginia
- 1951 - David Walters, Governor of Oklahoma
- 1956 - Bo Derek, American actress, model, and all-around sex-symbol. Star of the movie "10"
- 1957 - Margaret Spellings, U.S. Secretary of Education
- 1959 - Sean Young, Noted American actress
- 1959 - James P. McGovern, U.S. Congressman from Massachusetts
- 1960 - Cathy Moriarty, American actress
- 1963 - Timothy Gowers, British mathematician
- 1963 - Ming-Na Wen, Macau-born actress
- 1965 - Mike D, American musician (Beastie Boys)
- 1966 - Kevin Gilbert, American musician (d. 1996)
- 1970 - Matt Blunt, Governor of Missouri
- 1970 - Delia Gonzalez, American boxer
- 1971 - Joey Galloway, American football wide receiver
- 1975 - Dierks Bentley, American singer
- 1975 - Timea Vagvoelgyi, Hungarian model
- 1976 - Dominique Dawes, American gymnast
- 1977 - Rudy Charles, American professional wrestling referee (TNA Wrestling)
- 1978 - Tjerk van Kampen, Leader of the revolution of The Hague
- 1983 - Neil Monk, Webmaster and founder of www.neilmonk.com
- 1988 - Jia Tolentino, actress on Boys vs. Girl's, Puerto Rico

Deaths


- 870 - King Edmund of East Anglia
- 1316 - King John I of France (d. 1316)
- 1518 - Marmaduke Constable, English soldier
- 1518 - Pierre de La Rue, Flemish composer
- 1529 - Karl von Miltitz, papal nuncio
- 1591 - Christopher Hatton, English politician (b. 1540)
- 1612 - John Harington, English writer (b. 1561)
- 1651 - Mikołaj Potocki, Polish soldier (b. 1595)
- 1662 - Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands (b. 1614)
- 1695 - Zumbi, Brazilian runaway slave
- 1737 - Caroline of Ansbach, Queen of George II of Great Britain (b. 1683)
- 1742 - Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat (b. 1661)
- 1758 - Johan Helmich Roman, Swedish composer (b. 1694)
- 1764 - Christian Goldbach, Prussian mathematician (b. 1690)
- 1778 - Francesco Cetti, Italian Jesuit scientist (b. 1726)
- 1894 - Anton Rubinstein, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1829)
- 1910 (N.S.) - Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist (b. 1828)
- 1925 - Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom (b. 1844)
- 1936 - Buenaventura Durruti, Spanish anarchist (b. 1896)
- 1936 - José Antonio Primo de Rivera, Spanish activist and politician (b. 1903)
- 1945 - Francis William Aston, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
- 1950 - Francesco Cilea, Italian composer (b. 1866)
- 1973 - Allan Sherman, American comedian (b. 1924)
- 1975 - Francisco Franco, Dictator of Spain (b. 1892)
- 1978 - Vasilisk Gnedov, Russian poet (b. 1890)
- 1980 - John McEwen, eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1900)
- 1998 - Galina Starovoitova, Russian politician (b. 1946)
- 2000 - Mike Muuss, American computer programmer (b. 1958)
- 2000 - Kalle Päätalo, Finnish writer (b. 1919)
- 2003 - Robert Addie, British actor (cancer) (b. 1960)
- 2003 - David Dacko, first President of the Central African Republic (b. 1930)
- 2003 - Eugene Kleiner, American entrepreneur and venture capitalist (b. 1923)
- 2003 - Roger Short, British Consulate General in Istanbul (truck bomb) (b. 1944)
- 2003 - Jim Siedow, American actor (b. 1920)
- 2003 - Kerem Yilmazer, Turkish actor (b. 1945)
- 2004 - David Grierson, Canadian radio host (b. 1955)
- 2005 - Sheldon Gardner, American psychologist (b. 1934)
- 2005 - James King, American tenor (b. 1925)

Holidays and observances


- Church of England - Edmund the Martyr
- Brazil - Zumbi Day (Since 1978)
- Britain - wedding day of H.M. the Queen (1947), official flag day
- Mexico - Anniversary of the Revolution (1910)
- UNICEF - Universal Children's Day
- Vietnam - Teacher's Day (Ngày nhà giáo Việt Nam)
- Transgender Day of Remembrance (since 1999) [http://www.gender.org/remember/day/]

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/20 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20051120.html The New York Times: On This Day] ---- November 19 - November 21 - October 20 - December 20 -- listing of all days ko:11월 20일 ms:20 November ja:11月20日 simple:November 20 th:20 พฤศจิกายน

1984

:For George Orwell's novel, see Nineteen Eighty-Four. For other uses, see 1984 (disambiguation). 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January


- January 1 - Brunei becomes a fully independent state.
- January 1 - AT&T is broken up into 24 independent units.
- January 5 - Richard Stallman starts developing GNU.
- January 7 - Brunei becomes the sixth member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
- January 9 - Clara Peller is featured in the "Where's the Beef?" commercial campaign for Wendy's for the first time.
- January 10 - The United States and the Vatican establish full diplomatic relations.
- January 23 - Hollywood Hulk Hogan defeats The Iron Sheik to win the WWF Championship, thus beginning Hulkamania.
- January 23 - Pop star Michael Jackson's scalp is seriously burned by pyrotechnics during filming of a Pepsi commercial.
- January 24 - The first Apple Macintosh goes on sale.

February


- February 1 - Medicare comes into effect in Australia.
- February 2 - Melbourne newspaper The Age publishes phone taps incriminating an unknown judge.
- February 3 - Space Shuttle Challenger is launched on the tenth space shuttle mission.
- February 6 - A bomb blast wrecks the Belrose Sydney home of high court judge Richard Gee. High Court Judge, Justice Lionel Murphy is named in Parliament as the judge referred to in the Age tapes as published on February 2.
- February 7 - Astronauts Bruce McCandless II and Robert L. Stewart make the first untethered space walk.
- February 9 - Soviet leader Yuri Andropov dies.
- February 13 - Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- February 18 - Vatican and Italian government sign new concordant changing Roman Catholic as the official religion.
- February 26 - United States Marines pull out of Beirut,Lebanon.
- February 29 - Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau announces his retirement.

March


- March 5 - Iran accuses Iraq of the use of chemical weapons - UN condemns the use on March 30.
- March 5 - Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi orders an attack on the Golden Temple, the Sikh holy spot.
- March 6 - Twelve month long strike in British coal industry begins See UK Miners' Strike (1984-1985).
- March 14 - Sinn Fein's Gerry Adams and three others are seriously injured in a gun attack by the UVF.
- March 16 - The CIA station chief in Beirut, William Buckley, is kidnapped by Islamic fundamentalists Islamic Jihad and later dies in captivity.
- March 22 - Teachers at the McMartin preschool in Manhattan Beach, California are charged with Satanic ritual abuse of the children in the school. The charges were later dropped as completely unfounded.
- March 23 - Sarah Tisdall, the young British civil servant who told The Guardian newspaper that cruise missiles were coming to Britain, is sentenced to six months imprisonment.
- March 24 - Wran Government re-elected in NSW for a 4th term.

April


- April 4 - President Ronald Reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons.
- April 12 - Palestinian gunmen take Israeli bus number 300 hostage. Israeli special forces storm the bus freeing the hostages (1 hostage, 2 hijackers killed). 2 other hijackers were captured and then killed in secret service interrogations, causing a major scandal and secret service upheaval (Kav 300 affair).
- April 13 - India launches Operation Meghdoot, as most of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir comes under Indian control.
- April 17 - WPC Yvonne Fletcher is shot dead by a secluded gunman during a siege outside the Libyan Embassy in London in the event known as the 1984 Libyan Embassy Siege.
- April 19 - Advance Australia Fair is proclaimed as Australia's national anthem, and green and gold as the national colours.
- April 25 - End of term for Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Mustain Billah ibni Almarhum Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Riayatuddin Al-Muadzam Shah as the 7th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
- April 26 - Baginda Almutawakkil Alallah Sultan Iskandar Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail, Sultan of Johor becomes the 8th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.

May


- May 2 - The Liverpool International Garden Festival opens in Liverpool.
- May 8 - The Soviet Union announces that it will boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
- May 8 - Denis Lortie kills three government employees in the National Assembly of Quebec building.
- May 11 - A transit of Earth from Mars takes place.
- May 14 - The one dollar coin is introduced in Australia.
- May 19 - Game show contestant Michael Larson takes $100,000 in winnings from the game show Press Your Luck. It is later revealed he won the money by focusing exclusively on two squares of the Press Your Luck "Big Board."
- May 22 - Canadian heiress Helen Branch declared legally dead (she disappeared 1977)
- May 27 - Fluminense wins the Brazilian soccer league, against the Club de Regatas Vasco da Gama.

June


- June 5 - The Indian government begins Operation Blue Star, the planned attack on the Golden Temple in Amritsar.
- June 6 - Indian troops storm the Golden Temple at Amritsar, the Sikh's holiest shrine, killing an estimated 1000 people.
- June 8 - A deadly F5 tornado nearly destroys the town of Barneveld, Wisconsin, killing nine people, injuring nearly 200, and causing over $25,000,000 in damage.
- June 8 - The film Ghostbusters is released into theaters -- becoming a summer blockbuster hit with the song "Ghostbusters" by Ray Parker Jr. becoming a Top 40 hit.
- June 20 - The biggest exam shake-up in the British education system in over 10 years is announced with O-level and CSE exams to be replaced by a new exam, the GCSE.
- June 22 - The official name of the Turkish city Urfa is changed into Sanliurfa.
- June 22 - Inaugural flight of Virgin Atlantic.
- June 27 - France beat Spain 2-0 to win Euro 84.
- June 30 - John Turner becomes Canada's seventeenth prime minister. Hurray!

July-August


- July 9 - Lightning sets fire to York Minster.
- July 10 - British custom officials open a wooden crate of diplomatic post due to an unpleasant smell and find the body of Alhaji Umaru Dikko, former transportation minister of Nigeria
- July 14 - New Zealand Prime Minister Robert Muldoon calls a snap election and is heavily defeated by opposition Labour leader David Lange.
- July 18 - In San Ysidro, California, 41-year-old James Oliver Huberty sprays a McDonald's restaurant with gunfire, killing 21 people before being shot dead.
- July 18 - The National Crime Authority is estabished in Australia.
- July 21 - In Jackson, Michigan, a factory robot crushes a worker against a safety bar in what is apparently the first robot-related death in the United States.
- July 23 - Vanessa Williams becomes the first Miss America to resign when she surrenders her crown, after nude photos of her appeared in "Penthouse" magazine.
- July 25 - Salyut 7 Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya becomes the first woman to perform a space walk.
- July 28 - Opening day of the 1984 Olympics
- August 1 - Australian banks are deregulated.
- August 4 - The African republic Upper Volta changes its name to Burkina Faso.
- August 16 - John De Lorean is acquitted of all eight charges of possessing and distributing cocaine.
- August 21 - Half a million people in Manila demonstrate against the regime of Ferdinand Marcos.
- August 21 - The federal budget is first televised in Australia.
- August 30 - STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery takes off on its maiden voyage.

September-October


- September 2 - 7 people are shot dead and 12 are wounded in a bikie shootout between rival gangs Bandidos and Comancheros in the Sydney suburb of Milperra.
- September 4 - The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, led by Brian Mulroney wins 211 seats in the House of Commons, forming the largest majority government in Canadian history
- September 5 - STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle Discovery lands after its maiden voyage.
- September 5 - Western Australia becomes the last Australian state to abolish capital punishment.
- September 17 - Brian Mulroney becomes Canada's eighteenth prime minister.
- September 26 - United Kingdom and People's Republic of China sign the initial agreement to return Hong Kong to China in 1997.
- September 4 - The Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends television series was first broadcasted on ITV.
- October 5 - Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger (41-6).
- October 11 - Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
- October 12 - The PIRA attempts to assassinate the British Cabinet in the Brighton hotel bombing.
- October 19 - Polish secret police arrests Jerzy Popiełuszko, a Catholic priest, because of his support of the Solidarity movement. His dead body is found in a reservoir 11 days later on October 30.
- October 31 - Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi is assassinated by two Sikh security guards. Riots soon broke out in New Delhi, and some 2,700 innocent Sikhs were killed.

November


- November 2 - Capital punishment: Velma Barfield becomes the first woman executed in the United States since 1962.
- November 6 - Ronald Reagan defeats Walter F. Mondale in the U.S. presidential election with 59% of the popular vote, the highest since Richard Nixon's 61% victory in 1972. Reagan carries 49 states and Mondale manages to win only his home state of Minnesota by a mere 3,761 vote margin and the District of Columbia.
- November 19 - A series of explosions at the PEMEX petroleum storage facility at San Juan Ixhuatepec in Mexico City ignites a major fire and kills about 500 people.
- November 25 - 36 of Britain and Ireland's top pop musicians gathered in a Notting Hill studio to form Band Aid and recorded the song "Do They Know It's Christmas" in order to raise money for famine relief in Ethiopia.
- November 26 - Fmr NSW Corrective Services Minister Rex Jackson appears in court on conspiracy charges for the early release of prisoners.
- November 28 - Over 250 years after their deaths, William Penn and his wife Hannah Callowhill Penn are made Honorary Citizens of the United States.
- November 30 - The Tamil Tigers begin the purge of the Sinhalese from North and East Sri Lanka, and 127 are killed.

December


- December 1 - The first half of the Manila LRT opens from Baclaran to Central Terminal.
- December 2 - Bob Hawke's government is re-elected in Australia with a reduced majority.
- December 3 - Bhopal Disaster: A methyl isocyanate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, kills more than 2,000 people outright and injures anywhere from 150,000 to 600,000 others (some 6,000 of whom would later die from their injuries) in one of the worst industrial disasters in history.
- December 3 - British Telecom privatised.
- December 19 - The People's Republic of China and United Kingdom signs the Sino-British Joint Declaration which concerns the future of Hong Kong.
- December 22 - Four African-American youths, Barry Allen, Troy Canty, James Ramseur, and Darrell Cabey, board an express train in The Bronx borough of New York City. They attempt to rob Bernhard Hugo Goetz, who shoots them. The event starts a national debate about urban crime, which was a plague in 1980s America.
- December 22 - In Malta, prime minister Dom Mintoff resigns. Karmenu Mifsud-Bonnici succeeds him.
- December 28 - A Soviet cruise missile plunges into Inarinjärvi lake in Finnish Lapland. Finnish authorities announce the fact in public on January 3, 1985
- December 31 - Rajiv Gandhi becomes prime minister of India.

Unknown dates


- Ethiopian famine begins.
- A peace agreement between Kenya and Somalia was signed in the Egyptian capital Cairo in December 1984. With this agreement, in which Somalia officially renounced its historical territorial claims, relations between the two countries began to improve.

Births

January-April


- January 1 - Keyra Augustina, model
- January 2 - Lauren Bush, model
- January 3 - Maya Ababadjani, actress
- January 3 - Charlotte Marshall, model
- January 4 - Mey Vidal
- January 5 - Tiffany Teen
- January 12 - Chaunte Howard
- January 13 - Eleni Ioannou, Greek martial artist (d. 2004)
- January 15 - Reena Kumari
- January 15 - Megan Quann, swimmer
- January 19 - Zakia Mrisho Mohamed
- January 25 - Ines Cudna, model
- January 26 - Rebecca Ritters, actress
- January 26 - Kelly Stables, actress
- January 26 - Luo Xuejuan, swimmer
- January 29 - Natalie du Toit, South African swimmer
- January 30 - Tan Xue
- January 31 - Ashley Blue
- February 10 - Kim Hyo Jin, Korean actress
- February 12 - Alexandra Dahlström, actress
- February 25 - Xing Huina, Chinese athlete
- February 28 - Karolina Kurkova, model
- March 20 - Christy Carlson Romano, actress
- March 20 - Marcus Vick, American football player
- March 20 - Nomura Yuka, Japanese actress
- March 28 - Nikki Sanderson, British actress
- April 3 - Allana Slater, Australian gymnast
- April 8 - Kirsten Storms, American actress
- April 10 - Mandy Moore, American singer and actress
- April 11 - Kelli Garner, American actress
- April 13 - Kris Britt, Australian cricketer
- April 17 - Rosanna Davison, Irish model
- April 18 - America Ferrera, American actress
- April 22 - Michelle Ryan, British actress
- April 23 - Alexandra Kosteniuk, Russian chess player
- April 29 - Taylor Cole, American actress and model
- April 29 - Lina Krasnoroutskaya, Russian tennis player and commentator

May-August


- May 1 - Farah Fath, American actress
- May 4 - Markus Rogan, Austrian swimmer
- May 17 - Christine Robinson, Canadian water polo player
- May 25 - Unnur Birna Vilhjálmsdóttir, Miss Iceland, crowned Miss World in 2005
- May 29 - Carmelo Anthony, American basketball player
- May 31 - Jason Smith, Australian actor
- June 11 - Vagner Love, Brazilian footballer
- June 13 - Berangere Schuh, French archer
- July 11 - Tanith Belbin, Canadian figure skater
- August 12 - Sherone Simpson, Jamaican athlete
- August 13 - Luke Thompson, American entrepreneurial failure
- August 20 - Mirai Moriyama, Japanese actor
- August 21 - Alizée Jacotey, French singer

September-December


- September 7 - Vera Zvonareva, Russian tennis player
- September 14 - Adam Lamberg, American actor
- September 15 - Prince Harry of Wales
- September 16 - Katie Melua, Georgian singer
- September 19 - Kevin Zegers actor
- September 23 - Anneliese van der Pol, Dutch actress
- September 27 - Avril Lavigne, Canadian singer and songwriter
- September 28 - Helen Oyeyemi, British novelist
- September 30 - Megan Ewing, American model
- October 3 - Ashlee Simpson, American singer and actress
- October 10 - Chiaki Kuriyama, Japanese actress
- October 14 - Santino Quaranta, American soccer player
- October 17 - Michelle Ang, Australian actress
- October 18 - Holly Dunaway, boxer
- October 26 - Sasha Cohen, American figure skater
- October 27 - Kelly Osbourne, English singer
- November 7 - Amelia Vega, Dominican beauty queen
- November 9 - Delta Goodrem, Australian actress and singer
- November 21 - Jena Malone, American actress
- November 22 - Scarlett Johansson, American actress
- November 28 - Andrew Bogut, Australian basketball player
- December 30 - LeBron James, American basketball player

Deaths

January-April


- January 7 - Alfred Kastler, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1902)
- January 20 - Johnny Weissmuller, Austrian-born swimmer and actor (b. 1904)
- January 21 - Jackie Wilson, American singer (b. 1934)
- January 30 - Luke Kelly, Irish folk singer (b. 1940)
- February 8 - Karel Miljon, Dutch boxer (b. 1903)
- February 9 - Yuri Andropov, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (b. 1914)
- February 12 - Julio Cortázar, Argentine writer (b. 1914)
- February 15 - Ethel Merman, American singer and actress (b. 1908)
- February 21 - Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
- February 22 - Jessamyn West, American writer (b. 1902)
- March 1 - Jackie Coogan, American actor (b. 1914)
- March 5 - Tito Gobbi, Italian baritone (b. 1915)
- March 5 - William Powell, American actor (b. 1892)
- March 12 - Arnold Ridley, English playright and actor (b. 1896)
- March 16 - John Hoagland, American photographer (b. 1947)
- March 21 - Sir Michael Redgrave, English actor (b. 1908)
- March 24 - Sam Jaffe, American actor (b. 1891)
- April 1 - Marvin Gaye, American singer (b. 1939)
- April 8 - Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1894)
- April 15 - Tommy Cooper, Welsh comedian and magician (b. 1921)
- April 20 - Hristo Prodanov, Bulgarian mountaineer (b. 1943)
- April 22 - Ansel Adams, American photographer (b. 1902)
- April 26 - Count Basie, American musician and composer (b. 1904)

May-August


- May 2 - Jack Barry, American television host and producer (b. 1918)
- May 16 - Andy Kaufman, American comedian (b. 1949)
- May 16 - Irwin Shaw, American author (b. 1913)
- May 19 - John Betjeman, English poet (b. 1906)
- May 28 - Eric Morecambe, British comedian (d. 1926)
- June 26 - Michel Foucault, French philosopher (d. 1926)
- July 1 - Moshé Feldenkrais, Ukrainain founder of the Feldenkrais Method (b. 1904)
- July 8 - Brassaï, Hungarian-born photographer (b. 1899)
- July 14 - Philippe Wynne, American musician (b. 1941)
- July 26 - Ed Gein, American serial killer (b. 1906)
- August 2 - Quirino Cristiani, Argentine animated film director (b. 1896)
- August 5 - Richard Burton, Welsh actor (b. 1925)
- August 11 - Alfred A. Knopf, American publisher (b. 1892)
- August 13 - Tigran Petrosian, Georgian chess player (b. 1929)
- August 14 - J. B. Priestley, English novelist and playwright (b. 1894)
- August 25 - Waite Hoyt, baseball player (b. 1899)

September-December


- September 25 - Walter Pidgeon, Canadian actor (b. 1897)
- October 5 - Leonard Rossiter, British actor (b. 1926)
-