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Thomas O. Paine

Thomas O. Paine

Thomas Otten Paine (November 9, 1921 - May 4, 1992), American scientist, was the third Administrator of NASA, serving from March 21, 1969 to September 15, 1970. 1970 Born in Berkeley, California, Paine attended public schools in various cities and graduated from Brown University in 1942 with an A.B. degree in engineering. In World War II, he served as a submarine officer in the Pacific and in the Japanese occupation. He qualified as a Navy deep-sea diver and was awarded the Commendation Medal and Submarine Combat Insignia with stars. From 1946-49, Paine attended Stanford University, receiving an M.S. degree in 1947 and Ph.D. in physical metallurgy. During his career, Paine received honorary doctor of science degrees from Brown University, Clarkson College of Technology, Nebraska Wesleyan University, the University of New Brunswick, Oklahoma City University, and an honorary doctor of engineering degree from Worcester Polytechnic Institute. Paine began his career as a research associate at Stanford University from 1947 to 1949, where he made basic studies of high-temperature alloys and liquid metals in support of naval nuclear reactor programs. He joined the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York, in 1949 as research associate, where he initiated research programs on magnetic and composite materials. In 1951, he transferred to the Meter and Instrument Department in Lynn, Massachusetts as manager of materials development, and later as laboratory manager. Under Paine's management the laboratory received the 1956 Award for Outstanding Contribution to Industrial Science from the American Association for Advancement of Science for its work in fine-particle magnet development. From 1958 to 1962, Paine was research associate and manager of Engineering Applications at GE's Research and Development Center in Schenectady. From 1963 to 1968 he was manager of TEMPO, GE's Center for Advanced Studies in Santa Barbara, California. During his administration at NASA, the first seven Apollo manned missions were flown, in which 20 astronauts orbited Earth, 14 traveled to the Moon, and four walked upon its surface. Many automated scientific and applications spacecraft were also flown in U.S. and cooperative international programs. Paine resigned from NASA September 15, 1970, to return to the General Electric Co. in New York City as Vice President and Group Executive, Power Generation Group, (worldwide ship propulsion, nuclear power and steam and gas turbine generators), and later became Senior Vice President for Science and Technology (oversight of GE's research and development). Paine left GE in 1976 to become the President and Chief Operating Officer of Northrop Corporation, where he also served as a Director. Paine retired as President of Northrop in 1982. In 1985, the Reagan administration chose Paine as chair of a National Commission on Space to prepare a report on the future of space exploration. Since leaving NASA fifteen years earlier, Paine had been a vocal spokesman for an expansive view of what should be done in space. The Paine Commission took most of a year to prepare its report, largely because it solicited public input in hearings throughout the United States. The Commission report, Pioneering the Space Frontier, was published in May 1986. It espoused "a pioneering mission for 21st-century America...to lead the exploration and development of the space frontier, advancing science, technology, and enterprise, and building institutions and systems that make accessible vast new resources and support human settlements beyond Earth orbit, from the highlands of the Moon to the plains of Mars." The report also contained a "Declaration for Space" that included a rationale for exploring and settling the solar system and outlined a long-range space program for the United States. Paine has served as a Director for many corporations, including RCA, NBC, Eastern Air Lines, Nike, Arthur D. Little, Inc., Orbital Sciences Corporation, and Quotron Systems (Division of Citicorp). Paine also served as a Director of the Planetary Society, the National Space Institute, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the Pacific Forum. Paine also has served as a Trustee of Occidental College and Brown University. Paine was a member of the National Academy of Engineering. Paine was married to Barbara Helen Taunton Pearse of Perth, Western Australia. They had four children: Marguerite Ada, George Thomas, Judith Janet, and Frank Taunton. He died of cancer at his home in Los Angeles, California in May 1992. The Manuscript Collection of Thomas O. Paine at the Library of Congress is currently (11/2005) CLASSIFIED i.e. no one is allowed to view the collection under any circumstances.

References


- Portions of this article are based on public domain text from [http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Biographies/paine.html NASA]. Paine, Thomas O. Paine, Thomas O. Paine, Thomas O.

November 9

November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining.

Events


- 694 - Hispano-Visigothic king Egica accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery.
- 1282 - Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon.
- 1492 - Peace of Etaples between Henry VII & Charles VIII.
- 1494 - Family de' Medici become rulers of Florence.
- 1520 - Danish King Christian II executes 82 in the Stockholm Bloodbath.
- 1729 - Spain, France & England sign the Treaty of Seville.
- 1764 - Mary Campbell, a captive of the Lenape during the French and Indian War, is turned over to forces commanded by Colonel Henry Bouquet.
- 1799 - Napoleon Bonaparte leads the Coup of 18 Brumaire.
- 1848 - Robert Blum, German revolutionary, executed in Vienna
- 1851 - Kentucky marshals abduct abolitionist minister Calvin Fairbank from Jeffersonville, Indiana, and take him to Kentucky to stand trial for helping a slave escape.
- 1862 - American Civil War: Union General Ambrose Burnside assumes command of the Army of the Potomac, after George McClellan was removed.
- 1872 - The Great Boston Fire of 1872.
- 1887 - The United States receives rights to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
- 1888 - Jack the Ripper kills Mary Jane Kelly, his last known victim.
- 1906 - Theodore Roosevelt is the first sitting President of the United States to make an official trip outside the country (to inspect progress on the Panama Canal).
- 1907 - The Cullinan Diamond is presented to King Edward VII on his birthday.
- 1918 - Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicates after the German Revolution, and Germany is proclaimed a Republic.
- 1918 - Kurt Eisner, Provisional National Council Minister-President, declares Bavaria to be a republic.
- 1921 - Albert Einstein awarded Nobel Prize in Physics for his work with the photoelectric effect.
- 1923 - In Munich, Germany, police and government troops crush the Beer Hall Putsch in Bavaria. The failed coup is the work of the Nazis.
- 1932 - Riots between conservative and socialist supporters in Switzerland kill 12 and injure 60.
- 1937 - Japanese troops take control of Shanghai, China.
- 1938 - Kristallnacht, Nazi Germany's first large-scale act of physical anti-Jewish violence, begins.
- 1940 - Premiere of Joaquin Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez in Barcelona, Spain.
- 1953 - Cambodia becomes independent from France.
- 1960 - Robert McNamara is named president of Ford Motor Co., the first non-Ford to serve in that post — quitting a month later to join the newly-elected John F. Kennedy administration.
- 1961 - Neil A. Armstrong records a world record speed in a rocket plane of 6,587km/h flying a X-15.
- 1963 - At Miike in Japan, a coal mine explosion kills 458, and hospitalises 839 with carbon monoxide poisoning. On the same day, a three-train disaster in Yokohama, also in Japan, kills more than 160 people.
- 1965 - Several U.S. states and parts of Canada are hit by a series of blackouts lasting up to 13 hours in the Northeast Blackout of 1965.
- 1965 - Catholic Worker member Roger Allen LaPorte, protesting against the Vietnam War, sets himself on fire in front of the United Nations building.
- 1967 - Apollo program: NASA launches the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft from Cape Kennedy.
- 1970 - Vietnam War: The Supreme Court of the United States to not hear a case to allow Massachusetts to enforce its law granting residents the right to refuse military service in an undeclared war.
- 1971 - John List, an accountant from Westfield, New Jersey murders his mother, wife and three children. He then hides under a new identity for 18 years.
- 1986 - Romania: Election of Patriarch Teoctist Arǎpaşu/Theoctist
- 1989 - Cold War: Communist-controlled East Germany opens checkpoints in the Berlin Wall allowing its citizens to freely travel to West Germany.
- 1993 - Stari Most, the "old bridge" in Bosnian Mostar built in 1566, collapses after several days of bombing.
- 1994 - Discovery of the chemical element Darmstadtium.
- 1996 - UN Security Council Resolution 1078 calls on members to prepare for possible military intervention in Eastern Zaire.
- 1997 - BBC News 24 begins broadcasting at 17:30 GMT.
- 1998 - Brokerage houses are ordered to pay US$1.03 billion to cheated NASDAQ investors to compensate for their price-fixing. This is the largest civil settlement in United States history.
- 2003 - During the holy month of Ramadan, a suicide-terrorist attack in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, kills 17 people.
- 2003 - Rebel Youth Network Organizing Committee formed in Toronto.
- 2004 - Mozilla Firefox 1.0 released. This has become one of Microsoft Internet Explorer's biggest competitors.
- 2004 - The long-awaited Xbox game Halo 2 is released, bringing in US$75 million from pre-orders alone.
- 2004 - John Ashcroft and Don Evans resign their posts as U.S. Attorney General and U.S. Secretary of Commerce respectively.
- 2005 - The Venus Express mission of the European Space Agency is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
- 2005 - Suicide bombers attacked three hotels in Amman, Jordan, killing at least 56 people.
- 2005 - Muriel Degauque becomes the first Belgian female suicide bomber, wounding one in Iraq.

Births


- 1414 - Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg (d. 1486)
- 1522 - Martin Chemnitz, German theologian (d. 1586)
- 1664 - Henry Wharton, English writer (d. 1695)
- 1717 - Johann Joachim Winckelmann, German classical scholar and archaeologist (d. 1768)
- 1721 - Mark Akenside, English poet and physician (d. 1770)
- 1731 - Benjamin Banneker, American scientist (d. 1806)
- 1802 - Elijah P. Lovejoy, American abolitionist (d. 1837)
- 1810 - Bernhard von Langenbeck, German surgeon (d. 1887)
- 1818 (N.S.) - Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (d. 1883)
- 1825 - A.P. Hill, American Confederate general (d. 1865)
- 1841 - King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (d. 1910)
- 1853 - Stanford White, American architect (d. 1906)
- 1869 - Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (d. 1934)
- 1873 - Otfrid Foerster, German neurologist (d. 1941)
- 1877 - Enrico De Nicola, Italian politician (d. 1959)
- 1877 - Allama Iqbal, Indian philosopher and poet (d. 1938)
- 1879 - Milan Sufflay, Croatian politician (d. 1931)
- 1880 - Sir Giles Gilbert Scott, English architect (d. 1960)
- 1883 - Edna May Oliver, American actress (d. 1942)
- 1885 (N.S.) - Velimir Khlebnikov, Russian writer (d. 1922)
- 1885 - Hermann Weyl, German mathematician (d. 1955)
- 1886 - Ed Wynn, American actor (d. 1966)
- 1889 - Jean Monnet, French internationalist (d. 1979)
- 1892 - Mabel Normand, American actress (d. 1930)
- 1895 - Mae Marsh, American actress (d. 1968)
- 1897 - Ronald George Wreyford Norrish British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1978)
- 1902 - Anthony Asquith, British film director (d. 1968)
- 1905 - Erika Mann, German writer (d. 1969)
- 1913 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
- 1915 - Sargent Shriver, U.S. Vice Presidential candidate
- 1918 - Spiro Agnew, Vice President of the United States (d. 1996)
- 1923 - Alice Coachman, American athlete
- 1923 - Dorothy Dandridge, American actress (d. 1965)
- 1928 - Anne Sexton, American poet (d. 1974)
- 1929 - Imre Kertész, Hungarian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1934 - Ingvar Carlsson, Swedish politician
- 1934 - Carl Sagan, American astronomer and writer (d. 1996)
- 1935 - Bob Gibson, baseball player
- 1936 - Daniel Robert Graham, Governor of Florida
- 1936 - Mikhail Tal, Latvian chess player (d. 1992)
- 1937 - Roger McGough, English poet
- 1941 - Tom Fogerty, American musician (Creedence Clearwater Revival) (d. 1990)
- 1942 - Tom Weiskopf, American golfer
- 1951 - Lou Ferrigno, American bodybuilder and actor
- 1959 - Thomas Quasthoff, German bass-baritone
- 1959 - Tony Slattery, British actor and comedian
- 1961 - Jill Dando, British television presenter (d. 1999)
- 1964 - Robert Duncan McNeill, American actor
- 1965 - Bryn Terfel, Welsh baritone
- 1968 - Nazzareno Carusi, Italian pianist
- 1970 - Chris Jericho, American professional wrestler, actor and musician
- 1970 - Susan Tedeschi, American musician
- 1972 - Corin Tucker, American singer (Sleater-Kinney)
- 1974 - Alessandro Del Piero, Italian footballer
- 1978 - Sisqó, American actor and singer (Dru Hill)
- 1979 - Martin Taylor, English footballer
- 1984 - Delta Goodrem, Australian singer, songwriter, and actress

Deaths


- 959 - Constantine VII, Byzantine Emperor (b. 905)
- 1187 - Emperor Gaozong of China (b. 1107)
- 1208 - Sancha of Castile, queen of Alfonso II of Aragon (b. 1155)
- 1504 - King Ferdinand II of Aragon (b. 1452)
- 1623 - William Camden, English historian (b. 1551)
- 1641 - Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand, Governor of the Netherlands and Bishop of Toledo
- 1766 - Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer, Dutch composer (b. 1692)
- 1770 - John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll, Scottish politician
- 1778 - Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Italian artist (b. 1720)
- 1809 - Paul Sandby, English cartographer and painter (b. 1725)
- 1848 - Robert Blum, German politician and member of the National Assembly (executed) (b. 1810)
- 1911 - Howard Pyle, American author and illustrator (b. 1853)
- 1918 - Guillaume Apollinaire, French poet (b. 1880)
- 1937 - Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1866)
- 1940 - Stephen Peter Alencastre, Portuguese Catholic prelate (b. 1876)
- 1940 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1869)
- 1942 - Edna May Oliver, American actress (b. 1883)
- 1944 - Frank Marshall, American chess player (b. 1877)
- 1951 - Sigmund Romberg, Hungarian-born composer (b. 1887)
- 1952 - Chaim Weizmann, first President of Israel (b. 1874)
- 1953 - Dylan Thomas, Welsh poet and author (b. 1914)
- 1970 - Charles de Gaulle, President of France (b. 1890)
- 1988 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (b. 1913)
- 1991 - Yves Montand, French actor (b. 1921)
- 1997 - Helenio Herrera, French football player and manager
- 2000 - Hugh Paddick, British actor (b. 1915)
- 2002 - William Schutz, psychologist
- 2003 - Art Carney, American actor (b. 1918)
- 2003 - Gordon Onslow Ford, English painter (b. 1912)
- 2004 - Iris Chang, American author (b. 1968
- 2005 - K. R. Narayanan, President of India (b. 1921)

Holidays and observances


- Roman Catholicism - Dedication of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, Cathedral of the Pope (memorial feast day)
- Also see November 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Cambodia - Independence Day (1953)
- Germany - November 9th is often called Germany's Schicksalstag (day of fate) due to the events of 1848, 1918, 1923, 1938, and 1989.
- Europe - Inventor's Day - in honor of Hedy Lamarr's birthday

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/9 BBC: On This Day] ---- November 8 - November 10 - October 9 - December 9 -- listing of all days ko:11월 9일 ms:9 November ja:11月9日 simple:November 9 th:9 พฤศจิกายน

May 4

May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). There are 241 days remaining.

Events


- 1471 - Wars of the Roses: The Battle of Tewkesbury – Edward IV defeats a Lancastrian Army and kills Edward, Prince of Wales.
- 1493 - Pope Alexander VI divides the New World between Spain and Portugal along the Demarcation Line.
- 1494 - Christopher Columbus lands in Jamaica.
- 1626 - Dutch explorer Peter Minuit arrives in New Netherland (present day Manhattan Island) aboard the See Meeuw.
- 1675 - King Charles II of England orders the construction of the Royal Greenwich Observatory.
- 1776 - Rhode Island becomes the first American colony to renounce allegiance to King George III.
- 1814 - Emperor Napoleon I of France arrives at Portoferraio on the island of Elba to begin his exile.
- 1855 - American adventurer William Walker departs from San Francisco with about 60 men to conquer Nicaragua.
- 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Chancellorsville – The battle ends with a Union retreat.
- 1865 - Abraham Lincoln buried in Springfield, Illinois, three weeks after his assassination.
- 1869 - The Naval Battle of Hakodate takes place in Japan.
- 1871 - The National Association, the first professional baseball league, begins its first season.
- 1886 - Haymarket Square Riot: A bomb is thrown at policemen trying to break up a labor rally in Chicago, Illinois, United States, killing eight and wounding 60. The police fire into the crowd.
- 1904 - Construction begins by the United States on the Panama Canal.
- 1910 - The Royal Canadian Navy is created.
- 1912 - Italy occupies the island of Rhodes.
- 1919 - May Fourth Movement: Student demonstrations take place in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, protesting the Treaty of Versailles, which transferred Chinese territory to Japan.
- 1924 - The 1924 Summer Olympics open in Paris, France.
- 1930 - British police arrest Mahatma Gandhi and place him in Yeravda Central Prison.
- 1932 - In Atlanta, Georgia, mobster Al Capone begins serving an eleven-year prison sentence for tax evasion.
- 1942 - World War II: Battle of the Coral Sea – The battle begins with the launch of attack aircraft from American and Japanese aircraft carriers.
- 1945 - World War II: Liberation of the Neuengamme concentration camp near Hamburg by the British Army.
- 1945 - World War II: Surrender of the North Germany Army to Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery.
- 1946 - In San Francisco Bay, US Marines from the Treasure Island Marine Barracks stop a two-day riot at Alcatraz federal prison. Five people are killed in the riot.
- 1948 - Norman Mailer's first novel, The Naked and the Dead, is published.
- 1949 - The entire Torino football (soccer) team (except for one player who did not take the trip due to an injury) is killed in a plane crash at the Superga hill at the edge of Turin, Italy.
- 1953 - Ernest Hemingway is awarded the Pulitzer Prize for The Old Man and the Sea.
- 1959 - The first Grammy Awards are announced.
- 1961 - American civil rights movement: The "Freedom Riders" begin a bus trip through the South.
- 1970 - Vietnam War: Kent State shootings – The Ohio National Guard, sent to Kent State University after the ROTC building was burnt down, opens fire on students protesting at the United States' invasion of Cambodia. Four students are killed, nine are wounded.
- 1972 - The Don't Make A Wave Committee, a fledgling environmental organization founded in Canada in 1971, officially changed its name to "Greenpeace Foundation".
- 1974 - An all-female Japanese team reaches the summit of Manaslu, becoming the first women to climb an 8,000-meter peak.
- 1979 - Margaret Thatcher becomes the first woman Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
- 1980 - President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia dies in Ljubljana at the age of 87.
- 1989 - Iran-Contra Affair: Former White House aide Oliver North is convicted of three crimes and was acquitted of nine other charges. The convictions, however, are later overturned on appeal.
- 1990 - Latvia proclaims independence.
- 1990 - Robert Murray, Handsome American Jokester, Inventor, Actor, Athlete, Scientist, Chemist, Screamer, DJ, Burger King, Top 10 Guy on www.facebattle.com, and Decorated War Hero is born. The world celebrates, and endangered species are repopulated.
- 1991 - In Rome, Italy, Carola wins the thirty-sixth Eurovision Song Contest for Sweden singing "Fångad av en stormvind" (Trapped in a storm wind).
- 1994 - Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO leader Yasser Arafat sign a peace accord regarding Palestinian autonomy granting self-rule in the Gaza Strip and Jericho.
- 1996 - José María Aznar is appointed Prime Minister of Spain, thus ending 13 years of Socialist rule.
- 1998 - A federal judge in Sacramento, California, gives "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski four life sentences plus 30 years after Kaczynski accepted a plea agreement sparing him from the death penalty.
- 1999 - In California, Manuel Babbitt is executed for the 1980 murder of Leah Schendel. While on death row Babbitt was awarded a Purple Heart for injuries he received in the Vietnam War.
- 2002 - An EAS Airlines BAC 1-11-500 crashes in a suburb of Kano, Nigeria shortly after takeoff killing more than 148 people.
- 2003 - The Outbreak of 2003 begins. Ninety-four tornadoes begin the week-long outbreak.

Births


- 1008 - King Henry I of France (d. 1060)
- 1654 - Kangxi Emperor of China (d. 1722)
- 1655 - Bartolomeo Cristofori, Italian maker of musical instruments (d. 1731)
- 1715 - Richard Graves, English writer (d. 1804)
- 1733 - Jean-Charles de Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and sailor (d. 1799)
- 1772 - Friedrich Arnold Brockhaus, German publisher (d. 1823)
- 1781 - Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, German philosopher (d. 1832)
- 1796 - Horace Mann, American educator (d. 1859)
- 1820 - Julia Tyler, First Lady of the United States (d. 1889)
- 1825 - Thomas Henry Huxley, English scientist (d. 1895)
- 1825 - Augustus Le Plongeon, French archaeologist (d. 1908)
- 1826 - Frederic Edwin Church, American painter (d. 1900)
- 1827 - John Hanning Speke, British explorer (d. 1864)
- 1852 - Alice Pleasance Liddell, English schoolgirl model for Alice in Wonderland (d. 1934)
- 1870 - Alexandre Benois, Russian artist (d. 1860)
- 1873 - Joe De Grasse, Canadian film director (d. 1940)
- 1889 - Francis Cardinal Spellman, American religious leader (d. 1967)
- 1903 - Luther Adler, American stage actor (d. 1984)
- 1918 - Tanaka Kakuei, Japanese political leader (d. 1993)
- 1921 - Edo Murtić, Croatian painter (d. 2005)
- 1923 - Eric Sykes, British actor and comedian
- 1928 - Maynard Ferguson, Canadian musician
- 1928 - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt
- 1929 - Audrey Hepburn, Belgian actress (d. 1993)
- 1929 - Sidney Lamb, American linguist
- 1930 - Roberta Peters, American soprano
- 1931 - Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Russian composer
- 1936 - El Cordobes, Spanish bullfighter
- 1937 - Dick Dale, American guitarist
- 1939 - Amos Oz, Israeli writer, novelist, and journalist
- 1941 - George Will, American writer
- 1942 - Nickolas Ashford, American record producer, songwriter, musician (Ashford and Simpson)
- 1942 - Tammy Wynette, American musician (d. 1998)
- 1944 - Roger Rees, British-born actor
- 1945 - Narasinham Ram, Indian journalist
- 1949 - John Force, American race car driver
- 1954 - Pia Zadora, American actress
- 1956 - David Guterson, American author
- 1956 - Ulrike Meyfarth, German athlete
- 1958 - Keith Haring, American graphical artist (d. 1990)
- 1959 - Randy Travis, American musician
- 1962 - Oleta Adams, American singer
- 1967 - Ana Gasteyer, American actress
- 1972 - Mike Dirnt, American musician (Green Day)
- 1976 - Jason Michaels, baseball player
- 1979 - Lance Bass, American musician (
- NSYNC)
- 1981 - Eric Djemba-Djemba, Cameroon footballer
- 1984 - Markus Rogan, Austrian swimmer
- 1985 - Anthony Fedorov, American singer
- 1987 - Rebecca Wagoner, American college student
- 1989 - Becca Evans, Alcoholic rocker
- 1994 - Alexander Gould, American actor

Deaths


- 1471 - Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (killed in battle) (b. 1453)
- 1471 - Edmund Beaufort, 4th Duke of Somerset, English military commander (executed)
- 1506 - Husayn Bayqarah, ruler of Herat (b. 1438)
- 1519 - Lorenzo II de' Medici, Duke of Urbino (b. 1492)
- 1566 - Luca Ghini, Italian physician and botanist (b. 1490)
- 1615 - Adriaan van Roomen, Flemish mathematician (b. 1561)
- 1626 - Arthur Lake, Bishop of Bath and Wells, English bishop and Bible translator (b. 1569)
- 1677 - Isaac Barrow, English mathematician (b. 1630)
- 1684 - John Nevison, English highwayman (b. 1639)
- 1729 - Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles, French cardinal (b. 1651)
- 1734 - James Thornhill, English painter
- 1737 - Eustace Budgell, English writer (b. 1686)
- 1774 - Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1714)
- 1776 - Jacques Saly, French sculptor (b. 1717)
- 1790 - Matthew Tilghman, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. [1718]])
- 1799 - Tipu Sultan, Indian military leader
- 1824 - Joseph Joubert, French essayist and moralist (b. 1754)
- 1849 - Hokusai, Japanese artist (b. 1760)
- 1880 - Edward Clark, Governor of Texas (b. 1815)
- 1903 - Goce Delchev, Macedonian revolutionary (b. 1872)
- 1938 - Carl von Ossietzky, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1889)
- 1955 - Georges Enescu, Romanian composer (b. 1881)
- 1961 - Anita Stewart, American film actress (b. 1895)
- 1969 - Osbert Sitwell, English writer (b. 1892)
- 1970 - Kent State victims:
  - Allison Krause
  - Jeffrey Miller
  - Sandra Scheuer (b. 1949)
  - William Schroeder (b. 1950)
- 1972 - Edward Calvin Kendall, American chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1886)
- 1975 - Moe Howard, American actor and comedian (b. 1897)
- 1980 - Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (b. 1892)
- 1984 - Bob Clampett, American cartoonist (b. 1913)
- 1984 - Diana Dors, British actress (b. 1931)
- 1986 - Henri Toivonen, Finnish race car driver (b. 1956)
- 2005 - David Hackworth, U.S. Army officer and military journalist (b. 1930)

Holidays and observances


- International - World Asthma Day
- Feast day of the following saints in the Roman Catholic Church:
  - Saint Monica (d. 387)
  - Ladislaus of Gielnow
  - Saint Florian
  - Saint Godehard
  - Titianus
  - Malou
  - Saint Ethelred
  - John Houghton, Robert Lawrence (martyr), Augustine Webster, Richard Reynolds (martyr), and John Hale (martyr); all put to death in 1535.
- The Netherlands - Remembrance of the dead (1940-1945)
- People's Republic of China - Youth Day (青年节, commemorating May Fourth Movement)
- Republic of China - Literary Day (文藝節, commemorating May Fourth Movement)

Puns


- Star Wars Day. May the Fourth (be with you)

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/4 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20050504.html The New York Times: On This Day] ---- May 3 - May 5 - April 4 - June 4 – listing of all days ko:5월 4일 ms:4 Mei ja:5月4日 simple:May 4 th:4 พฤษภาคม

1992

1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday.

Events

January


- January 1 - Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General
- January 1 - George H. W. Bush becomes the first President of the United States to address the Australian Parliament.
- January 8 - Bosnian Serbs declare their own republic within Bosnia-Herzegovina in protest to the decision by Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats to seek EC recognition.
- January 8 - George H. W. Bush falls violently ill in the presence of the Prime Minister of Japan.
- January 11 - Paul Simon is the first major artist to tour South Africa after the end of the cultural boycott.
- January 12 - The second round of Algeria's general elections is cancelled when the first round is favorable to the Islamic Salvation Front.
- January 13 - Japan apologizes for forcing Korean women into sexual slavery during World War II.
- January 13 - Jeffrey Dahmer pleads guilty but insane to the murders of 15 young men and boys.
- January 15 - The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ceases to exist. Slovenia and Croatia gain independence.
- January 16 - El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign a pact in Mexico City that ends a 12 year civil war that claimed at least 75,000.
- January 22 - Rebel forces occupy Zaire's national radio station in Kinshasa and broadcast a demand for the government's resignation
- January 22 - STS-42: Dr. Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman in space.
- January 26 - Boris Yeltsin announces that Russia is going to stop targeting United States cities with nuclear weapons.

February


- February 1 - Chief Judicial Magistrate of Bhopal court declares Warren Anderson, ex-CEO of Union Carbide a fugitive under Indian law for failing to appear in the Bhopal Disaster case, and orders the Indian government to press for an extradition from United States
- February 7 - Signing of the Maastricht treaty, which founded the European Union.
- February 10 - In Indianapolis, Indiana boxer Mike Tyson is convicted of raping a Miss Black America contestant named Desiree Washington
- February 11 - F-16 jet crashes into a residential district of Hengelo, the Netherlands. No casualties are reported.
- February 17 - A court in Milwaukee, Wisconsin sentences Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer to life in prison
- February 18 - Iraq disarmament crisis: The Executive Chairman of UNSCOM details Iraq's refusal to abide by UN Security Council disarmament resolutions.
- February 20 - The English FA Premier League was officially formed
- February 21 - United Nations Security Council approves Resolution 743 and decides to send UNPROFOR peacekeeping force to Yugoslavia
- February 26 - Supreme Court of Ireland rules that a 14-year-old rape victim may travel to England to get an abortion

March


- March - Boxer Mike Tyson is given a 6 year sentence for raping an 18 year old Miss Black America contestant, Desiree Washington
- March 1 - After a majority of the Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat communities vote for Bosnian independence, Serb snipers fire on civilians
- March 12 - Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the British Commonwealth
- March 12 - 13 are killed and several injured when a tram-car crashes into a crowd of people at the tram-station at Vasaplatsen in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- March 13 - In eastern Turkey, an earthquake registering 6.8 on the Richter scale kills over 500.
- March 17 - 29 are killed and 242 injured when a suicide car-bomb goes off in the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires.
- March 25 - Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space station

April


- April - Bosnia and Herzegovina secedes from Yugoslavia.
- April 2 - In New York, Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of murder of mob boss Paul Castellano and racketeering and is later sentenced to life in prison
- April 6 - Robert Schumann (record-breaker) becomes the youngest person to visit the north pole
- April 6 - Serbian troops begin to bombard Sarajevo
- April 8 - Punch magazine publishes its final issue
- April 9 - A Miami jury convicts former Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega of assisting Colombia's cocaine cartel
- April 9 - United Kingdom general election - John Major unexpectedly re-elected.
- April 10 - IRA bomb explodes in the Baltic Exchange in the City of London - 3 dead, 91 injured
- April 13 - Flooding in downtown Chicago, Illinois
- April 13 - Roermond in the Netherlands is rocked by an earthquake along the Peel Fault.
- April 14-October 15 - The trial of the Russian serial killer Andrew Chikatilo - he is sentenced to death
- April 21 - Maria Vladimirovna of Russia succeeds her father as Head of the Imperial Family of Russia and Titular Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias.
- April 22 - Fuel that has leaked into sewer explodes in Guadalajara, Mexico - 215 dead, 1500 injured
- April 27 - Betty Boothroyd elected the first woman to be Speaker of the British House of Commons.
- April 29 - In Los Angeles, California, the police officers that were accused of excessive force in their severe beating of Rodney King, were found "not guilty". The verdict resulted in several days of riots in L.A. and smaller riots around the country.

May


- May 5 - Alabama ratifies a 202-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a midterm or retroactive pay raise
- May 5 - Russian leaders in Crimea declare their separation from Ukraine as a new republic. They withdraw the secession on May 10
- May 10 - Team of Sweden wins the Ice Hockey World Championships in Prague
- May 15 - The Genoa Expo '92 World's Fair opens in Genoa, Italy
- May 16 - STS-49: Space Shuttle Endeavour lands safely after a successful maiden voyage
- May 19 - Amy Fisher shoots at Mary Jo Buttafuoco
- May 23 - Mafia bomb kills Italian anti-mafia judge Giovanni Falcone
- May 26 - Charles Geschke, President of Adobe Systems is kidnapped from his company car park. Kidnappers demand ransom for $650,000 - they are later apprehended

June


- June 1 - Terrorist Carlos (the Jackal) is sentenced to life imprisonment
- June 1 - Kentucky celebrates its bicentennial statehood.
- June 1 - The Pittsburgh Penguins sweep the Chicago Blackhawks in 4 games in the 1992 Stanley Cup Finals.
- June 8 - The first World Ocean Day celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- June 12 - Medical doctor Pravin Thakkar is sentenced for 16 years for aborting fetuses of two of his former lovers without their permission
- June 15 - During a spelling bee at a Trenton, New Jersey elementary school, U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle corrects a student's spelling of the word potato by indicating it should have an e at the end.
- June 17 - A 'Joint Understanding' agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin (this would be later codified in START II). [http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/start2/]
- June 22 - Two skeletons excavated in Yekaterinburg are identified as Czar Nicholas II and his tsarina
- June 23 - Mafia boss John Gotti is sentenced to life in prison after being found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and racketeering on April 2 [http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/gotti/don_24.html?sect=15]
- June 26 - Denmark beat Germany 2-0 to win Euro 92 at Ullevi Stadium in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- June 29 - Bodyguard assassinates president Mohammed Boudigh of Algeria

July


- July 6-29 - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq refuses a U.N. inspection team access to the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture. UNSCOM claimed that it had reliable information that the site contained archives related to illegal weapons activities. U.N. Inspectors stage a 17-day "sit-in" outside of the building, but leave when their safety is threatened by Iraqi soldiers
- July 10 - In Miami, Florida, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations
- July 13 - Britain's former executioner Albert Pierrepoint dies
- July 20 - Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia
- July 22 - Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradiction to the United States.
- July 25 - Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

August


- August 7 - Buckingham Palace opened to the public for the first time
- August 10 - The UK government bans Ulster Defence Association, a loyalist paramilitary organisation that had been legal for twenty years.
- August 17 - US Marshalls start Siege of Ruby Ridge
- August 18 - Wang Laboratories files for bankruptcy
- August 20 - Kristiansunds connection to the main land of Norway, Krifast, opens.
- August 24 - Hurricane Andrew hits South Florida.
- August 28 - Hurricane Andrew dissipates over the Tennessee valley when it merges with a storm system. Twenty-three were killed.

September


- September 11 - Hurricane Iniki hits the Hawaiian Islands, Kauai and Oahu
- September 16 - Pound Sterling and Italian Lira forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (Black Wednesday)
- September 23 - A large IRA bomb destroys the forensic laboratories in Belfast
- September 24 - The Kentucky Supreme Court in Kentucky v. Wasson holds that laws criminalizing same-sex sodomy are unconstitutional, and accurately predicts that other states and the nation will eventually rule the same way.

October


- October 1 - Pittsburgh International Airport's new facility is opened in Findlay Township, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The new terminal's were built as an expansion for US Air and an upgrade from the older Pittsburgh International Airport facility.
- October 2 - Riot in the Carandiru prison system in São Paulo, Brazil, which leads up to the events known as the Carandiru Massacre.
- October 4 - Plane crash in Amsterdam, Netherlands, known as the Bijlmerramp.
- October 7 - In Turkey, the farmer Tevfik Esenç, the last fluent speaker of the Ubykh language, dies.
- October 9 - A 13-kilogram (29-pound) meteorite landed in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu.
- October 15 - In Russia, Andrei Chikatilo is found guilty of 52 serial murders.
- October 17 - Yoshihiro Hattori, a 16-year-old Japanese exchange student mistakes from an address to a party, and is shot after knocking on the wrong door in Louisiana, United States. The shooter, Rodney Peairs, is acquitted by Jury causing an outrage in Japan.
- October 24 - Toronto Blue Jays win World Series in 6 games. Marking the first Canadian team to win.
- October 26 - In Canada, the Charlottetown Accord is defeated in a national referendum.
- October 29 - The Food and Drug Administration approves Depo Provera for use as a contraceptive in the United States.

November


- November 3 - Bill Clinton defeats George H. W. Bush and H. Ross Perot in the U.S. presidential election
- November 5 - In Detroit, Michigan, black motorist Malice Green is beaten to death by policemen Larry Nevers and Walter Budzyn during a struggle (the officers were later convicted and sentenced to prison)
- November 11 - The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
- November 20 - In England, a fire breaks out in the Private Chapel room of Windsor Castle, rages for 15 hours, and seriously damages the northwest side of the building (an investigation found that the fire was ignited after a spotlight came into contact with a curtain over an extended period).
- November 24 - In the People's Republic of China, a China Southern Airlines domestic flight crashes, killing all 141 people on-board
- November 24 - Queen Elizabeth II describes this year as an Annus Horribilis (horrible year) due to various scandals damaging the image of the Royal Family
- November 25 - The Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia starting on January 1, 1993
- November 30 - A murder trial of 14 South Vietnamese accused of murder of 24 North Vietnamese begins in Hong Kong (ends November 29, 1994)

December


- December 3 - UN Security Council Resolution 794 is unanimously passed, approving a coalition of United Nations peacekeepers led by the United States to form UNITAF, tasked with ensuring humanitarian aid gets distributed and establishing peace in Somalia.
- December 3 - The Greek oil tanker Aegean Sea carrying 80,000 tonnes of crude oil runs aground in a storm while on approach to La Coruña, Spain, and spills much of its cargo
- December 4 - US military forces invade Somalia.
- December 5 - Kent Conrad of North Dakota resigns his seat in the United States Senate and is sworn into the other seat from North Dakota, becoming the only US Senator ever to have held two seats on the same day.
- December 6 - Hindu activists destroy the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya, India, triggering religious violence around the country.
- December 8 - Last blast fired in Falu Copper Mine in Sweden. The end of a millennium of continuous operation.
- December 20 - The Folies Bergere music hall in Paris, France closes.
- December 29 - Brazil's president Fernando Collor de Mello resigns, following charges that he stole more than $32 million from the government and impeachment precedings.

Unknown Dates


- The Council for National Academic Awards, UK is wound up.
- Pope John Paul II issues an apology and lifts the edict of Inquisition against Galileo Galilei
- The largest shopping mall in the US, Minnesota's Mall of America is constructed spanning 78 acres (316,000 m²)
- Carsington Reservoir opened in England after nearly 20 years planning and construction.
- Image Comics is founded by a number of former Marvel artists, seeking to create a company where creators were given exclusive ownership of their creations.

Fictional Events


- January 12 HAL 9000 is purported to become operational at the H.A.L. plant in Urbana, Illinois.
- The events of the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? take place.

Births

For more 1992 births see :Category:1992 births
- January 10 - Eric & Brandon Billings, Twin American actors
- January 19 - Logan Lerman, American actor
- January 21 - Logan O'Brien, American actor
- February 14 - Freddie Highmore, British actor
- March 15 - Sosie Bacon, American actress
- March 21 - Bobby Preston, American actor
- April 15 - Richard Sandrak, American bodybuilder and actor
- May 18 - Spencer Breslin, American actor
- June 7 - Jordan Fry, American Actor
- June 12 - Ryan Malgarini, American actor
- June 14 - Daryl Sabara, American voice actor
- July 13 - Dylan Patton, American actor and model
- August 4 - Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Twin child actors
- September 19 - Gavin Fink, American actor
- October 9 - Tyler James Williams, American actor
- October 15 - Vincent Martella, American actor
- October 30 - Tequan Richmond, American actor
- November 25 - Zack Shada, American actor
- November 30 - Dylan Smith, American actor
- December 23 - Spencer Daniels, American actor

Deaths

January-April


- January 3 - Dame Judith Anderson, Australian actress (b. 1897)
- January 9 - Bill Naughton, British playwright (b. 1910)
- January 23 - Freddie Bartholomew, Irish actor (b. 1924)
- January 26 - José Ferrer, Puerto Rican actor (b. 1912)
- January 27 - Allan Jones, American actor and singer (b. 1908)
- January 29 - Willie Dixon, American composer and musician (b. 1915)
- February 2 - Bert Parks, American game show host (b. 1914)
- February 4 - Lisa Fonssagrives, Swedish model (b. 1911)
- February 10 - Alex Haley, American author (b. 1921)
- February 12 - Bep van Klaveren, Dutch boxer (b. 1907)
- February 20 - Dick York, American actor (b. 1928)
- March 2 - Sandy Dennis, American actress (b. 1939)
- March 9 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1913)
- March 23 - Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
- March 29 - Paul Henreid, Austrian-born actor (b. 1908)
- April 5 - Molly Picon, American actress (b. 1898)
- April 6 - Isaac Asimov, Russian-born author (b. 1920)
- April 8 - Daniel Bovet, Swiss-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1907)
- April 18 - Benny Hill, British comedian and actor
- April 21 - Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrillovitch of Russia (b. 1917)
- April 23 - Satyajit Ray, Indian filmmaker (b. 1921)
- April 27 - Olivier Messiaen, French composer (b. 1908)
- April 28 - Francis Bacon, Irish-born painter (b. 1909)

May-December


- May 6 - Marlene Dietrich, German actress (b. 1901)
- May 12 - Robert Reed, American actor (b. 1932
- May 17 - Lawrence Welk, American musician (b. 1903)
- May 22 - Tony Accardo, American gangster (b. 1906)
- May 23 - Giovanni Falcone, Italian judge (b. 1939)
- June 22 - Chuck Mitchell, American actor (b. 1927)
- July 15 - Hammer DeRoburt, first President of Nauru (b. 1922)
- August 5 - Jeff Porcaro, American musician (b. 1954)
- August 12 - John Cage, American composer (b. 1912)
- August - Mark Heard, American singer (b. 1951)
- September 2 - Barbara McClintock, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1902)
- October 7 - Tevfik Esenç, last known speaker of Ubykh (b. 1904)
- October 8 - Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1913)
- October 17 - Yoshihiro Hattori, Japanese exchange student (b. 1975)
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