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USS Ranger (1876)

USS Ranger (1876)

USS Nantucket (PG-23/IX-18) started out as the USS Ranger. She was the fourth ship of the name "Ranger". She was an iron-hulled steam-powered vessel, with a full-rig auxiliary sail, was laid down in 1873; launched in 1876 by Harlan and Hollingsworth, Wilmington, Del.; and commissioned at League Island Naval Shipyard, Philadelphia, Pa., 27 November 1876, Comdr. H. D. Manley in command. After completion of fitting out, Ranger was assigned to the Atlantic Station, but remained in the Gosport (Portsmouth) Navy Yard and Hampton Roads until 8 March 1877, when she was assigned to the Asiatic Fleet. Following a special fitting out for her new duty, Ranger left New York 21 May 1877, arriving Hong Kong 24 August 1877, via Gibraltar, Suez Canal, and Malacca Straits. The ship served on the Asiatic Station until the fall of 1879, protecting American interests and national policy in the Far East. Arriving at Mare Island Navy Yard 24 February 1880, she was converted into a survey vessel. From 1881 to 1889, she was engaged in hydrographic survey work off Mexico, Baja California, Central America, and the northern Pacific; except when protecting American national interests in the politically turbulent Central American nations. The survey ship was decommissioned from 14 September 1891 to 26 August 1892 at Mare Island Navy Yard. Upon reactivation, she was assigned to protect American seal fisheries in the Bering Sea. On 31 January 1894, she relieved Alliance in protecting American interests in Central America, where she remained until placed out of commission 26 November 1895, except for temporary duty in the Bering Sea in May 1894. Recommissioned 1 November 1899, she was a survey ship for 2 years off Mexico and Baja California, then operated with USS Wisconsin (BB-9) off Central America, protecting American national interests. She was again decommissioned from 11 June 1903 to 30 March 1905 at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. She departed Puget Sound 16 April 1905 for the Asiatic Station, arriving Cavite 30 May. Due to reoccurring maintenance problems, she was decommissioned again at Cavite from 21 June 1905 to 10 August 1908. Departing Cavite 16 August, she arrived Boston 12 December via the Suez Canal, and was decommissioned immediately. On 26 April 1909, she was loaned to the State of Massachusetts as a school ship to replace Enterprise.

Name changes

Her name was changed to Rockport (q. v.) 30 October 1917 and then to Nantucket (q. v.) 20 February 1918. As the Nantucket, she operated as a gunboat in the First Naval District during World War I, as well as a training ship for Navy midshipmen. Designated PG-23 in 1920, she was redesignated IX-18 on 1 July 1921. On 11 November 1940, she was transferred to the Maritime Commission for final disposition, to be used as a school ship for the Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, N.Y. On 30 November 1940, she was struck from the Navy list and was returned to the state of Massachusetts as a school ship. See USS Nantucket, USS Ranger and USS Rockport for lists of other ships with similar names.

Gibraltar

Gibraltar is an overseas territory of the United Kingdom. It is located in southwestern Europe adjoining the southern coast of Spain, a strategic location on the Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, also placing it between Europe and Africa. The British Armed Forces had a major presence on the territory, and although the forces' presence now is much reduced, there are many reminders of their previous importance. The issue of sovereignty over Gibraltar is a major issue of contention in Anglo-Spanish relations. Spain often requests the return of sovereignty over Gibraltar. A majority of 98.97% of the population voted in a referendum in November, 2002 not to share sovereignty. Gibraltar is a part of the European Union, having joined under the British Treaty of Accession, with exemption from some areas such as the Customs Union & Common Agricultural Policy. The name of the rock comes from the Arabic name of Jebel Tarik (جبل طارق) meaning Tariq's mountain. It refers to the Ummayad general Tariq ibn-Ziyad who led the Muslim conquest of Spain in 711 at the head of an army of Berbers, Syrians and Yemenis. Earlier it was Calpe, one of the Columns of Hercules. Today, Gibraltar is also known colloquially as 'Gib' or 'the Rock'.

History

Columns of Hercules

Politics

Main article: Politics of Gibraltar, see also Disputed status of Gibraltar. As an overseas territory of the UK, Gibraltar has had considerable internal self-government since the introduction of its present constitution in 1969. The Governor of Gibraltar, appointed by Queen Elizabeth II, is responsible for defence, foreign relations, internal security and financial stability. All other matters, defined as 'domestic', are the responsibility of the Council of Ministers, with the leader of the majority party in the elected House of Assembly appointed as Chief Minister. The issue of sovereignty continues to dominate Gibraltar politics. Both main political parties, the Gibraltar Social-Democrats (GSD) and the Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party (GSLP) are opposed to any transfer of sovereignty to Spain. Spain continues to request the return of sovereignty over the territory, and the British Government, whilst stating that no change would take place without the consent of the people of Gibraltar, in 2002 accepted the principle of joint sovereignty between the United Kingdom and Spain. All local political parties opposed this move, instead supporting self-determination for the Rock, as do the main UK opposition parties. The notion of accepting an arrangement with Spain was resoundingly rejected by the population in two referenda held in 1967 and in 2002, the latter just months after the joint sovereignty principle was accepted by the British government. On both occasions well over 95 percent of voters said they wanted to remain British; on the latter occasion, the percentage was 98.97 percent. (For details on Gibraltar's status in the EU, see Special member state territories and their relations with the EU.)

Defence

Defence is the responsibility of the United Kingdom. Military forces are commanded by [http://www.northwood.mod.uk/pjobs/gibraltar/gib.htm Headquarters British Forces Gibraltar].

Army

The army garrison is provided by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment, originally a part-time reserve force which was placed on the permanent establishment of the British Army in 1990. The regiment includes full-time and part-time soldiers recruited from Gibraltar, as well as British Army regulars posted from other regiments.

Royal Navy

The Royal Navy maintains its [http://www.royal-navy.mod.uk/static/pages/5375.html|Gibraltar Squadron] at the Rock. The squadron is responsible for the security and integrity of British Gibraltar Territorial Waters (BGTW). The shore establishment at Gibraltar is named HMS Rooke after Sir George Rooke who captured the Rock for Archduke Charles (pretender to the Spanish throne) in 1704. British and US nuclear submarines frequently visit the Z berths at Gibraltar (source: [http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/cm199798/cmhansrd/vo981109/text/81109w21.htm Hansard]).

Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force station at Gibraltar forms part of Headquarters British Forces Gibraltar. Although aircraft are no longer permanently stationed at RAF Gibraltar, a variety of RAF aircraft make regular visits to the Rock.

Intelligence Services

The Rock is a sigint listening post for telecommunications throughout North Africa, and because of its strategic location it still remains a key base for NSA and GCHQ coverage of the Mediterranean.

Death on the Rock

In 1988 the British SAS killed 3 unarmed Provisional IRA volunteers, Mairead Farrell, Sean Savage and Daniel McCann on Gibraltar as part of Operation Flavius. They were in Gibraltar on a PIRA operation. A car, hired by the 3 was subsequently discovered laden with Semtex explosives.

Military Significance

Throughout modern history, beginning when it was assaulted by the British Navy and held as a naval base thereafter, Gibraltar has been of great military importance as a garrison and base for logistical protection in the Mediterranean Sea and North Atlantic. In every major war involving the United Kingdom it has been a naval and aviation facility of key strategic value.

Geography

Semtex Semtex Semtex The territory covers 6.543 square kilometres (2.53 square miles). It shares a 1.2 kilometre land border with Spain and has 12 kilometres of shoreline. There are two coasts (sides) of Gibraltar - the East Side which contains the settlements of Sandy Bay and Catalan Bay and the West Side where the vast majority of the population lives. The climate is Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers. Its terrain is a narrow coastal lowland bordering the 426-metre-high Rock of Gibraltar. It has negligible natural resources and limited natural freshwater resources, until recently using large concrete or natural rock water catchments to collect rain water. It now has a desalination plant soon to be replaced by a reverse osmosis plant (currently operational) built into the rock itself. Gibraltar is one of the most densely populated territories in the world, with approximately 4,245 people per km² (10,979 per sq mile). The growing demand for space is being increasingly met by land reclamation, which comprises approximately one tenth of the territory's total area. The Rock itself is made of limestone and is 426 metres (1,396 feet) high. It contains many miles of roads, most of which are closed to the public. Most of its area is covered by a nature reserve, which is home to around 250 Barbary Apes, the only semi-wild monkeys in Europe. Superstition holds that if ever the Apes leave so will the British, so they are well looked after by the government (a situation rather analogous to the ravens of the Tower of London).

Subdivisions

Gibraltar is divided into 7 residential areas. They are listed below, with population figures from the Census of 2001:

Culture

Main article: Culture of Gibraltar Culture of Gibraltar, the most southerly part of Gibraltar. Gibraltar is home to people from all major religions. Christians, Jews, Muslims and Hindus continue to co-exist peacefully on the Rock.]] The culture of Gibraltar reflects Gibraltarians' diverse origins. While there are Andalusian and British influences, the ethnic origins of most Gibraltarians is not confined to British or Andalusian ethnicities. Most ethnicities include Genoese, Maltese, Portuguese, and Germans. A handful of other Gibraltar residents are Jewish of Sephardic or of North African origin or even Hindu. British influence remains strong. Although Gibraltarians often speak to each other in an English-influenced Andalusian dialect called Yanito or Llanito, English is the language of government, commerce, education and the media. Gibraltarians going on to higher education attend university in the UK, and patients requiring medical treatment not available on the Rock receive it there. Gibraltar celebrates its National Day annually on 10th September, the date chosen to commemorate the 1967 Referendum which was the first act of self-determination of the people of Gibraltar. Despite the political undertones of the day, it is very much a festive occasion, with everyone dressing in Red & White and congregating in the main square (Casemates) to celebrate. 30,000 red and white balloons are released followed by music, dancing and other events around Gibraltar.

Miscellaneous

- Communications in Gibraltar
- Transport in Gibraltar

External links

- [http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi Government of Gibraltar] including tourist office
- [http://www.gibraltar.gov.uk Official Government of Gibraltar London website]
- [http://www.gibraltar.gov.uk/natsymbols.asp National Symbols]
- CIA Factbook [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/gi.html]
- [http://www.gibraltar.gi Gibraltar, the Official Homepage]
- [http://www.nic.gi Gibraltar ccTLD NIC]
- [http://www.gibnet.com Gibraltar, the Unofficial Homepage]
- [http://www.gbc.gi Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation] with daily news
- [http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=36.138668,-5.341587&spn=0.104027,0.126686&t=k Gibraltar at Google Maps]
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2400673.stm Q&A about Gibraltar at the BBC.co.uk] Category:Disputed territories Category:European dependencies Category:Special territories of the EU Category:Arabic words zh-min-nan:Gibraltar ko:지브롤터 ja:ジブラルタル simple:Gibraltar

Suez Canal

The Suez Canal (Arabic, Qanā al-Suways), west of the Sinai Peninsula, is a 163 km maritime canal in Egypt between Port Said (Būr Sa'īd) on the Mediterranean Sea and Suez (al-Suways) on the Red Sea. The canal allows two-way north to south water transport between Europe and Asia without circumnavigating Africa. Before the opening of the canal, some transport was conducted by offloading ships and carrying the goods overland between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea. The canal comprises two parts, north and south of the Great Bitter Lake, linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Gulf of Suez on the Red Sea.

History

Antiquity

Perhaps as early as the 12th Dynasty, Pharaoh Senusret III (1878 BC - 1839 BC) may have had a west-east canal dug through the Wadi Tumilat, joining the Nile with the Red Sea, for direct trade with Punt. Evidence indicates its existence at least by the 13th century BC during the time of Ramesses II (see [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SU/SUEZ_CANAL.htm], [http://www.denverseminary.edu/dj/articles1998/0100/0114.php], [http://lexicorient.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct-frame.pl?http://i-cias.com/e.o/suez_can.htm], [http://www.e-c-h-o.org/khd/location.html], [http://www.realidade.com.br/rih2/egipto.htm]). It later fell into disrepair, and according to the Histories of the Greek historian Herodotus, re-excavation was undertaken about 600 BC by Necho II; though Necho II never completed his project. The canal was finally completed around 500 BC by King Darius I, the Persian conqueror of Egypt. Darius commemorated his achievement with a number of granite stelae that he set up on the Nile bank, including one near Kabret, 130 kilometres from Suez. The Darius Inscriptions read: :Saith King Darius: I am a Persian. Setting out from Persia, I conquered Egypt. I ordered this canal dug from the river called the Nile that flows in Egypt, to the sea that begins in Persia. When the canal had been dug as I ordered, ships went from Egypt through this canal to Persia, even as I intended. [http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DZ.html] The canal was again restored by Ptolemy II about 250 BC. Over the next 1000 years it was successively modified, destroyed and rebuilt, until finally being put out of commission in the eighth century by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mansur. al-Mansur
The modern Suez Canal
More than a thousand years elapsed before the next attempt was made to dig a canal. At the end of the 18th century, Napoleon Bonaparte, while in Egypt, contemplated the construction of a canal to join the Mediterranean and Red Seas. His project was abandoned, however, after a French survey erroneously concluded that the waters of the Red Sea were higher than those of the Mediterranean, making a lockless canal impossible. In 1854 and 1856 Ferdinand de Lesseps obtained concessions from Said Pasha, the viceroy of Egypt, whom de Lesseps had as a French diplomat come to know in the 1830s. Said Pasha authorized the creation of a company for the purpose of constructing a maritime canal open to ships of all nations according to plans created by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli. By way of a lease of the relevant land, the company was to operate the canal for 99 years from its opening to navigation. The Suez Canal Company (Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez) came into being on December 15, 1858. The excavation operations through the desert took nearly eleven years by poor Egyptians who forcibly dug the canal. Some of them were actually beaten to continue digging. Numerous technical, political, and financial problems were overcome. The final cost was more than double the original estimate. The canal opened to traffic on November 17, 1869. 1869The canal had an immediate and dramatic effect on world trade. Combined with the completion of the American Transcontinental Railroad six months earlier, the entire world could be circled in record time. It played an important role in increasing European penetration and colonization of Africa. External debts forced Said Pasha's successor, Isma'il Pasha, to sell his country's share in the canal to the United Kingdom in 1875. The Convention of Constantinople in 1888 declared the canal a neutral zone under the protection of the British, after British troops had moved in to protect it in 1882. Under the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936, the United Kingdom insisted on retaining control over the canal. In 1951, Egypt repudiated the treaty, and by 1954 the United Kingdom had agreed to pull out. After the United Kingdom and the United States withdrew their pledge to support the construction of the Aswan Dam because Egypt had sought weaponry from the Soviet Union (being unable to attain it from the U.S.), President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the canal. This caused Britain, France, and Israel to invade, in the week-long 1956 Suez War. As a result of damage and sunken ships, the canal was closed until April 1957, when it had been cleared with UN assistance. A United Nations force (UNEF) was established to maintain the neutrality of the canal and the Sinai Peninsula. After the Six Day War in 1967, the canal was closed until June 5, 1975. In 1973, during the Yom Kippur War, the canal was the scene of a major crossing by the Egyptian army into Israeli-controlled Sinai; later, the Israeli army crossed the canal westward. A UN peacekeeping force has been stationed in the Sinai Peninsula since 1974. UN peacekeeping
Present day
The canal has no locks because there is no sea-level difference and there are no hills to climb. The canal allows the passage of ships of up to some 150,000 tons displacement, with cargo. It permits ships of up to 16 m (53 ft) draft to pass, and improvements are planned to increase this to 22 m (72 ft) by 2010 to allow supertanker passage. Presently supertankers can offload part of their cargo onto a canal-owned boat and reload at the other end of the canal. There is one shipping lane with several passing areas. Some 25,000 ships can pass through the canal each year, bearing about 14% of world shipping. The passage takes between 11 and 16 hours. Since 1980 there has been a road tunnel under the canal, and since 1999 a powerline has crossed it. A railway on the west bank runs parallel to the canal for its entire length.
Connections between the shores
For north to south:
- In El Qantara there is a high-level fixed road bridge.
- In 2001 the El Ferdan Railway Bridge 20 km north of Ismailia was completed: the longest swing span bridge in the world, with a span of 340 m (1100 ft). The previous bridge was destroyed in 1967 during the Arab-Israeli conflict.
- South of the Great Bitter Lake is the [http://www.nccnet.co.jp/english/introduction/suezcanal.html Ahmed Hamdi tunnel], built in 1983. Because of leakage problems, in the period 1992–1995 a [http://www.kajima.co.jp/topics/perspect/vol_15_3/salt/ new water-tight tunnel] was built inside the old one.
See also

- wikisource:Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal
- Pharaoh (historical novel by Bolesław Prus, incorporating motifs of an ancient "Suez Canal").
External links

- [http://www.livius.org/aa-ac/achaemenians/DZ.html Darius the Great's Suez Inscriptions]
- [http://www.mfa.gov.eg/MFA_Portal/en-GB/Foreign_Policy/Treaties/CONVENTION+RESPECTING+THE+FREE+NAVIGATION+OF+THE+SUEZ+MARITIME+CANAL.htm Constantinople Convention of the Suez Canal, 1888]
- [http://www.halcrow.com/archivenews_nov01_swingbrid.asp El Ferdan railway bridge]
- [http://lexicorient.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct-frame.pl?http://i-cias.com/e.o/suez_can.htm Encyclopedia of the Orient: Suez Canal]
- [http://www.randomhouse.com/acmart/catalog/display.pperl?037570812X Parting the Desert] by Zachary Karabell
- [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=egypt&ll=30.519681,32.324524&spn=1.721732,2.906708&t=k&hl=en Google Maps Satellite Photo] of the Suez Canal Category:Canals Category:Transportation in Egypt Category:geography of Egypt Category:Economy of Egypt Category:Historic civil engineering landmarks Category:Coastal construction ko:수에즈 운하 ja:スエズ運河 simple:Suez Canal th:คลองสุเอซ

USS Wisconsin (BB-9)

Career	The USS Wisconsin
The USS Wisconsin The USS Wisconsin at anchor
Ordered:	19 September 1896
Laid down:	9 February 1897
Launched:	26 November 1898
Commissioned:	4 February 1901
Decommissioned:	15 May 1920
Fate:	sold for scrap
General Characteristics
Displacement:	12150 tons full
Length:	374 feet overall
Beam:	72 feet
Draft:	25 feet
Speed:	16 knots
Complement:	52 officers, 765 men
Armament:	four 13-inch guns, 14 six-inch guns, 16 six-pounders, six one-pounders, four .30-caliber machineguns

USS Wisconsin (BB-9), an Illinois-class battleship, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the 30th state. The keel of Battleship No. 9 was laid down on 9 February 1897 at San Francisco, California, by the Union Iron Works. She was launched on 26 November 1898 sponsored by Miss Elizabeth Stephenson, the daughter of Senator Isaac Stephenson of Marinette, Wisconsin, and commissioned on 4 February 1901 with Captain George C. Reiter in command. Departing San Francisco on 12 March 1901, Wisconsin conducted general drills and exercises at Magdalena Bay, Mexico, from 17 March to 11 April before she returned to San Francisco on 15 April to be drydocked for repairs. Upon completion of that work, Wisconsin headed north along the Western seaboard, departing San Francisco on 28 May and reaching Port Orchard, Washington, on 1 June. She remained there for nine days before heading back toward San Francisco. She next made a voyage in company with the battleships Oregon and Iowa, the cruiser Philadelphia, and the torpedo-boat destroyer Farragut to the Pacific Northwest, reaching Port Angeles, Washington, on 29 June. She then shifted to Port Whatcom, Washington, on 2 July, and participated in the 4 July observances there before she returned to Port Angeles the following day to resume her scheduled. drills and exercises. Those evolutions kept the ship occupied through mid-July. Following repairs and alterations at the Puget Sound Navy Yard in Bremerton, Washington, from 23 July to 14 October, Wisconsin sailed for the middle and southern reaches of the Pacific, reaching Honolulu, Hawaii, on 23 October. After coaling there, the battleship then got underway for Samoa on 26 October and exercised her main and secondary batteries en route to her destination. Reaching the naval station at Tutuila on 5 November, Wisconsin remained in that vicinity, along with the collier Abarenda and the hospital ship Solace, for a little over two weeks. Shifting to Apia, the scene of the disastrous hurricane of 1888, Wisconsin hosted the Governor of German Samoa before the man-of-war departed that port on 21 November, bound for the coastal waters of Central and South America via Hawaii. Wisconsin reached Acapulco, Mexico, on Christmas Day, 1901, and remained in port for three days. After coaling, the man-of-war twice visited Callao, Peru, and also called at Valparaíso, Chile, before she returned to Acapulco on 26 February 1902. Wisconsin exercised in Mexican waters at Pichilinque Bay and Magdalena Bay from 6 March to 22 March, carrying out an intensive and varied slate of exercises that included small-arms drills, day and night main battery target practices, and landing force maneuvers. She conducted further drills of various kinds as she proceeded up the west coast, touching at Coronado, California, San Francisco, and Port Angeles before she reached the Puget Sound Navy Yard on 4 June. The battleship underwent repairs and alterations until 11 August. She then conducted gunnery exercises off Tacoma, Washington, and Seattle, Washington, before she returned to the Puget Sound Navy Yard on 29 August for further work. She remained there until 12 September, when she sailed for San Francisco, en route to Panama. Wisconsin, as flagship, Pacific Squadron, with Rear Admiral Silas Casey embarked, arrived at Panama, Colombia, on 30 September 1902, to protect American interests and to preserve the integrity of transit across the isthmus. Casey offered his services as a mediator in the crisis that had lasted for three years and invited leaders of both factions, conservatives and liberals, to meet on board Wisconsin. Over succeeding weeks, through October, and into November, prolonged negotiations ensued. Ultimately, however, the warring sides came to an agreement, and signed a treaty on 21 November 1902. The accord came to be honored, in Colombian circles, as "The Peace of Wisconsin." When Rear Admiral Henry Glass, Admiral Casey's successor as Commander in Chief, Pacific Squadron, wrote his report to the Secretary of the Navy for fiscal year 1903, he lauded his predecessor's diplomatic services during the Panama crisis. "The final settlement of the revolutionary disturbance," Glass wrote approvingly, "was largely due to his efforts." Her task completed, the battleship departed Panama's waters on 22 November and arrived at San Francisco on 6 December to prepare for gunnery exercises. Four days later, Rear Admiral Casey shifted his flag to the armored cruiser New York, thus releasing Wisconsin from flagship duty for the Pacific Squadron. The battleship consequently carried out her firings until 17 December, when she sailed for Bremerton. reaching the Puget Sound Navy Yard five days before Christmas of 1902, Wisconsin then underwent repairs and alterations until 19 May 1903, when she sailed for the Asiatic Station. Proceeding via Honolulu, Wisconsin arrived at Yokohama, Japan, on 12 June, with Rear Admiral Yates Stirling embarked; three days later, Rear Admiral Stirling exchanged flagships with Rear Admiral P. H. Cooper who broke his two-starred flag at Wisconsins main as Commander of the Asiatic Fleet's Northern Squadron while Admiral Stirling hoisted his in the tender Rainbow. Wisconsin operated in the Far East, with the Asiatic Fleet, over the next three years before she returned to the United States in the autumn of 1906. She followed a normal routine of operations in the northern latitudes of the station -- China and Japan -- in the summer months, because of the oppressive heat of the Philippine Islands that time of year, but in the Philippine Archipelago in the winter. She touched at ports in Japan and China including Kobe, Yokohama, Nagasaki, and Yokosuka; Amoy, Shanghai, Chefoo, Nanking, and Taku. In addition, she cruised the Yangtze River as far as Nanking, the Inland Sea, and Nimrod Sound. The battleship conducted assigned fleet maneuvers and exercises off the Chinese and Philippine coasts intervening those evolutions with regular periods of in-port upkeep and repairs. During that time, she served as Asiatic Fleet flagship, wearing the flag of Rear Admiral Cooper. The battleship departed Yokohama on 20 September and, after calling at Honolulu en route between 3 October and 8 October, arrived at San Francisco on 18 October. After seven days stay at that port, she headed up the west coast and reached the Puget Sound Navy Yard on 28 October. She was decommissioned there on 16 November 1906. Recommissioned on 1 April 1908, Captain Henry Morrell in command, Wisconsin was fitted out at the Puget Sound Navy Yard until the end of April. After shifting to Port Angeles from 30 April to 2 May, the battleship proceeded down the western seaboard and reached San Francisco on 6 May to participate in a fleet review at that port. She subsequently returned to Puget Sound to complete the installation of her fire control equipment between 21 May and 22 June. Soon thereafter, Wisconsin retraced her southward course, returning to San Francisco in early July. There, she joined the battleships of the Atlantic Fleet in setting out on the transpacific leg of the momentous circumnavigation of the globe. The cruise of the "Great White Fleet" served as a pointed reminder to Japan of the power of the United States-a dramatic gesture made by President of the United States Theodore Roosevelt as signal evidence of his "big stick" policy. Wisconsin, during the course of her part of the voyage, called at ports in New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines, Japan, China, Ceylon, and Egypt; transited the Suez Canal; visited Malta, Algiers, and Gibraltar before arriving in Hampton Roads on Washington's Birthday, 1909, and passing in review there before President Roosevelt. The epic voyage had confounded the doom-sayers and critics, having been accomplished without any serious incidents or mishaps. Wisconsin departed from the Tidewater area on 6 March and arrived at the Portsmouth Navy Yard in New Hampshire three days later. The pre-dreadnought battleship there underwent repairs and alterations until 23 June, doffing her bright "white and spar color" and donning a more businesslike gray. The man-of-war joined the Atlantic Fleet in Hampton Roads at the end of June, but she remained in those waters only a short time before she sailed north to Portland, Maine, arriving there on 2 July in time to take part in the Fourth of July festivities in that port. The battleship next headed down the eastern seaboard, cruising off Rockport, Massachusetts, and Provincetown, Massachusetts, before she returned, with the fleet, to Hampton Roads on 6 August. Over the ensuing weeks, Wisconsin fired target practices in the southern drill grounds, off the Virginia capes, breaking those underway periods with upkeep in Hampton Roads. Wisconsin steamed with the fleet to New York City where she anchored in the North River to take part the Hudson-Fulton celebrations between 22 September and 5 October before she underwent repairs at the Portsmouth Navy Yard from 7 October to 28 November. She then dropped down to Newport, Rhode Island, upon the conclusion of that yard period, picking up drafts of men for transportation to the Atlantic Fleet at Hampton Roads. Wisconsin operated with the fleet off the Virginia capes through mid-December, before she headed for New York for the Christmas holidays in port. Subsequently cruising to Cuban waters in early January 1910, the battleship operated out of Guantanamo Bay for a little over two months, from 12 January to 19 March. The pre-dreadnought battleship then visited Tompkinsville, New York, and New Orleans, Louisiana, before she discharged ammunition at New York City on 22 April. Later that spring, 1910, she moved to the Portsmouth Navy Yard, where she was placed in reserve. She was moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in April 1912 and, that autumn, took part in a naval review off Yonkers, New York, before resuming her reserve status until Atlantic Reserve Fleet. Placed "in ordinary" on October 1913, Wisconsin remained in that status until she joined the United States Naval Academy Practice Squadron the spring of 1915 assuming training duties along with the battleships Missouri and Ohio. With that group, she become the third battleship to transit the Panama Canal, making that trip in mid-July 1915 en route to the west coast of the United States with her embarked officers-to-be. Wisconsin discharged her duties as a midshipman's training ship into 1917 and was moored at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 6 April of that year when she received word that the United States had declared war on Germany. Two days later, members of the Naval Militia began reporting on board the battleship for quarters and subsistence. On 23 April, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Ohio were placed in full commission and assigned to the Coast Battleship Patrol Squadron. Within two weeks, on 2 May, Commander (later Admiral) David F. Sellers reported on board and took command. Four days later, the battleship got underway for the Virginia capes; and she arrived at Yorktown, Virginia, on 7 May. From early May through early August, Wisconsin operated as an engineering school ship on training cruises in the Chesapeake Bay-York River area. She trained recruits as oilers, watertenders, and firemen, who, when qualified, were assigned to the formerly interned merchantmen of the enemy taken over by the United States upon the declaration of war, as well as to submarine chasers and the merchant vessels then building in American yards. Wisconsin then maneuvered and exercised in company with the battleships Kearsarge, Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, Ohio, Missouri, and Maine, between 13 August and 19 August, en route to Port Jefferson, New York. Over the ensuing weeks, Wisconsin continued training and tactical maneuvers based on Port Jefferson, making various training cruises into Long Island Sound. She subsequently returned to the York River region early in October and resumed her training activities in that locale, operating primarily in the Chesapeake Bay area. Wisconsin continued that duty into the spring of 1918, interrupting her training evolutions between 30 October and 18 December 1917 for repairs at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. After another stint of repairs at Philadelphia from 13 May to 3 June 1918, Wisconsin got underway for a cruise to Annapolis, Maryland, but, after passing the Brandywine Shoal Light, received orders to stick close to shore. Those orders were later modified to send Wisconsin up the Delaware River as far as Bombay Hook, since an enemy submarine was active off Cape Henlopen. Postwar examination of German records would show that U-151, the first of six enemy submarines to come to the eastern seaboard in 1918, sank three schooners on 23 May and other ships over ensuing days. Getting underway again on 6 June, Wisconsin arrived at Annapolis on the following day. On the next day, the battleship embarked 176 third-class midshipmen and got underway for the York River. The ship conducted training evolutions in the Chesapeake Bay region until 29 August, when she returned to Annapolis and disembarked midshipmen. Underway for Yorktown on 30 August, Wisconsin there embarked 217 men for training as firemen, water tenders, engineers, steersmen and signalmen, resumed her training duties, and continued the task through the signing of the armistice on 11 November. She completed her training activities on 20 December, sailed north, and reached New York City three days before Christmas. Wisconsin was among the ships reviewed by Secretary of the Navy Josephus Daniels from the deck of the yacht Mayflower and by Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt from Aztec on the day after Christmas, 26 December. Wisconsin cruised with the fleet in Cuban waters that winter and, in the summer of 1919, made a midshipman training cruise to the Caribbean. Placed out of commission on 15 May 1920, Wisconsin was reclassified BB-9 on 17 July 1920, while awaiting disposition. She was sold for scrap on 26 January 1922 as a result of the Washington Naval Treaty.
External link

- [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/us_navy_pages/uss_wisconsin_bb9.htm Maritimequest USS Wisconsin BB-9 Photo Gallery] Wisconsin Wisconsin Wisconsin

USS Nantucket

There have been four ships in the US Navy with the name Nantucket.
- Nantucket (1862) - was a Passaic-class coastal monitor that served in the Union during the American Civil War.
- Nantucket (1907) - was a wooden light ship built in 1907 for the Lighthouse Service.
- Nantucket (PG-23/IX-18) - started off as the Ranger, then renamed to Rockport before being named Nantucket. While seeing some action, the majority of her time was spent in repair, before being converted as a survey/school ship.
- Nantucket (SP-1153) - a coastal passenger steamer built in 1899, but found unsuitable for naval service and returned to her owner.

USS Ranger

Eight ships of the United States Navy have borne the name Ranger.
- The first Ranger was an 18-gun ship sloop built in 1777 and commanded by John Paul Jones. It was the first US ship to be saluted and the first US ship to defeat a British Royal Navy ship, HMS Drake, during the American Revolutionary War. However she was captured by the British in 1780 and renamed HMS Halifax.
- The second Ranger was a schooner mounting a single 18-pounder gun, purchased in 1814 and sold in 1816.
- The third Ranger was a 14-gun brig also purchased in 1814 for operations on Lake Ontario, and sold in 1821.
- The fourth Ranger was an iron vessel mounting four guns, commissioned in 1876, converted to a nautical school ship in 1908, and broken up in 1940.
- The fifth Ranger was a steel yacht commissioned in 1917 and stricken 1918, subsequently serving in the Coast Guard.
- The sixth Ranger was a minesweeper built in 1882 and commissioned 11 September 1918, and used in coastal defense until returned to her owner 10 January 1919.
- The seventh Ranger (CV-4) was the first Navy ship originally designed to be an aircraft carrier, operating in the Atlantic during World War II.
- The eighth Ranger (CVA-61) was also an aircraft carrier, the largest in the world when launched in 1957, decommissioned 1993 and presently mothballed, although some groups have expressed interest in making her into a museum ship. Additionally, Ranger (CC-4) was laid down in 1921, but canceled and scrapped prior to completion.

61

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