:: wikimiki.org ::
| Munchkin (cat) |
Munchkin (cat):For other meanings, see Munchkin (disambiguation)
Munchkin (disambiguation)
The Munchkin cat is a relatively new breed created by a random mutation that produced a cat with extremely short legs. Munchkins have short or long coats in a wide variety of colours. Somewhat surprisingly, because of their short stature munchkins are particularly adept at climbing and jumping. They are usually raised as indoor cats, although they are reported to be extremely active, agile and fast runners. Those who have spent time around barns have proven to be extremely good hunters. The mutation only affects the length of the legs.
The breed was begun in 1983 when Sandra Hochenedel found an extremely short-legged black cat living under a trailer in Louisiana. The cat, Blackberry, was pregnant and half of her kittens were born short-legged. One of Blackberry's kittens, a tomcat named Tolouse, became the father of a breeding program and helped establish the breed in North America.
The Munchkin breed is not recognised by all registering associations and is specifically banned by the Fédération International Féline FIFe and other European registries, but it is accepted by The International Cat Association (TICA). Because the munchkin gene is a dominant one, approximately half the kittens with a munchkin parent will be 'standard' munchkins. The remainder have normal length legs, but since it is a dominant gene these long/traditional legged cats cannot pass on the trait of short legs. Nor would this trait be passed on if the long legged kittens were crossed to another breed. At one time it was theorized that this short legged trait was due to the same gene that causes achondroplasia achondroplastic in humans, however all attempts to prove this to date, have failed. Neither is it the same gene nor has a specific locus on another gene been found and identified as of this writing. True "dwarfism" affects more than the long bones of the legs. The munchkin cat is shorter than a standard domestic, but in all other respects it is identical, genetically and in size and overall appearance.
Category:Cat breeds
Munchkin (disambiguation)
- Munchkins are small people from Munchkin Country in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.
- In role-playing games, a "munchkin" is a player who plays a normally cooperative game exclusively for the purposes of "winning", usually at the cost of the other players' enjoyment of the game. The term is also frequently used in reference to powergamers and to immature players in general. A more neutral use of the term is in reference to young players, who, not knowing yet how to roleplay, typically obsess about the statistical "power" of their characters rather than developing their characters' fictional "personalities." Many players go through this phase.
- Munchkin is a popular card game by Steve Jackson that presents a humorous take on role-playing games, based largely on the meaning above.
- The singing puppets of The Rimmer Experience from the UK science fiction comedy series Red Dwarf are nicknamed "Rimmer Munchkins" by fans of the show.
- The Munchkin is a breed of cat characterised by unusually short legs.
- The Dunkin' Donuts chain of fast food doughnut shops sells "doughnut holes" called "Munchkins".
Cat breedsA cat breed is an infrasubspecific rank for the classification of domestic cats. A cat is considered to be of a certain cat breed if it is true breeding for the traits that define that breed. Only three percent of owned cats belong to a cat breed, and an even smaller percentage of those are suitable as show cats. A breeding certificate proves that a cat belongs to a cat breed by showing the cat's pedigree back to at least four generations. The whole concept of cat breeds is a relatively new one. Two hundred years ago there was no such thing. Today there are almost a hundred cat breeds. Varieties of domestic cat can also be identified by characteristics other than breed.
See selective breeding for more indepth detail on purebred animals.
See also
- List of cat breeds
- Cat types
- Cat Fanciers' Association
External links
- [http://www.breedlist.com/faq/purebred.html Is my cat a purebred?]
- [http://www.travelswithtigger.com/fanciers/breed-desc.html Cat breeds FAQ]
- [http://www.cfainc.org/breeds.html The Cat Fanciers' Association recognized breeds]
Category:Cats
Louisiana
|
|
Louisiana State Quarter (reverse)
|
|
Louisiana (pronounced or ) (French: Louisiane, pronounced Image:ltspkr.png) is a Southern state of the United States of America.
It uses the U.S. postal abbreviation LA. The state is bordered to the west by the state of Texas, to the north by Arkansas, to the east by the state of Mississippi, and to the south by the Gulf of Mexico. Among the states, Louisiana has a unique culture, owing to its French colonial heritage. While the state has no declared "official language," its law recognizes both English and French. Today, English is by far the main language of everyday life, but French is spoken by nearly 5% of the population and its influence can be seen in local dialects and in many place names.
History
Louisiana was long inhabited by Native American tribes before the arrival of Europeans. The lasting mark of the Native Americans can be seen even today in the names used in Louisiana, such as Atchafalaya, Natchitouches (now spelled Natchitoches), Caddo, Houma, Tangipahoa, and Avoyel (Avoyelles Parish).
What follows is a partial list, using current parish boundaries as rough approximations of locations.
- The Atakapa were found in southwestern Louisiana in the parishes of Vermilion, Cameron, Lafayette, Acadia, Jefferson Davis, and Calcasieu.
- The Chitimachas occupied the southeastern parishes of Iberia, Assumption, St Mary, Lower St. Martin, Terrebone, LaFourche, St. James, St. John the Baptist, St. Bo St. Charles, Jefferson, Orleans, St. Bernard, and Plaquemines.
- The Bayougoula, part of the Choctaw nation, were found in points directly north of the Chitimachas, in the parishes of St. Helena, Tangipahoa, Washington, East and West Baton Rouge, Livingston, and St. Tammany.
- The Houma tribe, was found in East and West Feliciana, and Pointe Coupee parishes; Ironically about 100 miles north of current location of the town named after them.
- Portions of Avoyelles and Concordia parishes along the Mississippi River were home to the Avoyel, part of the Natchez nation.
- The northeastern parishes of Tensas, Madison, and East and West Carroll were occupied by the Tunica tribe.
- The remainder of current day central and north Louisiana was home to a substantial portion of the Caddo nation.
The first European explorers to visit what is now Louisiana were a 1528 Spanish expedition (led by Panfilo de Narváez) that located the mouth of the Mississippi River. Some 13 years later Hernando de Soto's expedition crossed through the region. Thereafter the region was long neglected by the Spanish authorities, and the next explorers were French. Louisiana was named by the French explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle in honor of Louis XIV in 1682. The first permanent settlement, Fort Maurepas at what is now Ocean Springs, Mississippi, near Biloxi, was founded by Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville in 1699.
The French colony of Louisiana originally claimed a great region of land on both sides of the Mississippi River and north to Canada.The settlement of Natchitoches (located along the Red River in present day North West Louisiana) was established in 1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis, making it the oldest permanent settlement in the Louisiana Purchase territory. The French settlement had two purposes; to establish trade with the Spanish in Texas, and at the same time, to deter Spanish advances into Louisiana. Also the northern terminus of theOld San Antonio Road (sometimes called El Camino Real, or Kings Highway)was at Natchitoches, Louisiana. Natchitoches soon became a flourishing river port and crossroads, giving rise to vast cotton kingdoms along the river. Planters built magnificent plantations down river and built fine homes in town for social events. Most of the other settlements concentrated along the banks of the Mississippi and its major tributaries, with trading outposts and mission settlements in the Illinois Country, as far north as Peoria, Illinois and a number of settlements in the area around near present-day Saint Louis, Missouri. See also: French colonization of the Americas
Initially Mobile, Alabama and Biloxi, Mississippi functioned as the capital of the colony; from 1722 on New Orleans fulfilled that role.
Most of the territory to the east of the Mississippi was lost to Great Britain in the French and Indian War, except for the area around New Orleans and the parishes around Lake Pontchartrain. The rest of Louisiana became a colony of Spain by the Treaty of Fontainebleau of 1762.
During the period of Spanish rule, several thousand French-speaking refugees from the region of Acadia made their way to Louisiana following British expulsion; settling largely in the southwestern bayous, they became known as the Cajuns.
In 1800, France's Napoleon Bonaparte re-acquired Louisiana from Spain in the Treaty of San Ildefonso, although this was kept secret for some two years.
In 1803, the United States purchased the French province of Louisiana (see Louisiana Purchase) and divided it into two territories: the Orleans Territory (which became the state of Louisiana in 1812) and the District of Louisiana (which consisted of all the land not included in Orleans Territory). The Florida Parishes were annexed from Spanish West Florida by proclamation of President James Madison in 1810. The western boundary of Louisiana with Spanish Texas remained in dispute until the Adams-Onís Treaty in 1819, with the Sabine Free State serving as a neutral buffer zone as well as a haven for criminals.
There are still remnants of its former status as a possession of France, including: the use of a civil law legal system, based on the Louisiana Civil Code, which is similar to (and often confused with) the Napoleonic Code (like France, and unlike the rest of the United States, which uses a common law legal system derived from England), the term "parishes" being used to describe the state's sub-divisions as opposed to "counties", etc.
In 1849 the capital moved from New Orleans to Baton Rouge. Donaldsonville, Opelousas, and Shreveport have also briefly served as the seat of governments of Louisiana.
Louisiana was a slave state. It did, however, have one of the largest free black populations in the United States. Many of the freed slaves in Louisiana in turn purchased their own slaves, which led to the state having one of the largest numbers of slave owning blacks in America, if not the largest.
In the American Civil War, Louisiana seceded from the Union on January 26, 1861. New Orleans was captured by Federal troops on April 25, 1862. As significant portions of the population had Union sympathies, the Federal government took the unusual step of recognizing the areas of Louisiana under Federal control as a state within the Union with elected representatives who were sent to the congress in Washington, D.C. throughout the rest of the war.
On August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck and devastated a vast area of the state. Southeastern Louisiana was one of the hardest hit areas, and New Orleans was hit particularly hard, and didn't begin to reopen until October. Estimates are that more than two million people were displaced by the hurricane and thousands are feared dead. Widespread looting and violence was reported, especially in New Orleans. The next month, the Southwestern corner of the state was hit by Hurricane Rita. These dual disasters will cost the state tens of billions of dollars immediately, and the long term economic repercussions can only be guessed.
Law and government
The capital of Louisiana is Baton Rouge. Its governor is Kathleen Babineaux Blanco (Democrat) and its two U.S. senators are Mary Landrieu (Democrat) and David Vitter (Republican). Louisiana has seven Members of Congress, five Republicans and two Democrats.
Louisiana is the only state whose legal system is based on Roman, Spanish, and French civil law as opposed to English common law. Technically, it is known as "Civil Law," or the "Civilian System." It is often incorrectly referred to as the "Code Napoléon" or The Napoleonic Code. It is important to note that the Louisiana Civil Code and the French Civil Code, often referred to as the Napoleonic Code, came into existence at roughly the same time. Louisiana was never governed by the Napoleonic Code.
Great differences still exist between Louisiana Civil Law and the Common Law found in her 49 sister states. While some of these differences have been bridged due to the strong influence of the Common Law in the United States,[http://www.kinsellalaw.com/publications/kinsella_civil-common-law-dictionary.pdf] it is important to note that the "Civilian" tradition is still deeply rooted in all aspects of Louisiana law. Property, contractual, and family law are still mostly based on traditional Roman legal thinking and have little in common with English law.
Louisiana is unique among U.S. states in its method for state, local, and congressional elections. All candidates, regardless of party affiliation, run in an open primary on Election Day. If no candidate has more than 50% of the vote, the two candidates with the highest vote total compete in a runoff election approximately one month later. This runoff does not take into account party identification; therefore, it is not uncommon for a Democrat to be in a runoff with a fellow Democrat or a Republican to be in a runoff with a fellow Republican. All other states use the First Past the Post electoral system to elect Senators, Representatives, and statewide officials.
In 2001, Louisiana had the highest incarceration rate in the world, with 1% of the population of Louisiana imprisoned (1013 inmates per 100,000 people).
Geography
First Past the Post electoral system
Topography
The surface of the state may properly be divided into two parts, the uplands, and the alluvial and coast and swamp regions. The alluvial regions, including the low swamps and coast lands, cover an area of about 20,000 square miles; they lie principally along the Mississippi River, which traverses the state from north to south for a distance of about 600 miles and ultimately emptying into the Gulf of Mexico, the Red River, the Ouachita River and its branches, and other minor streams. The breadth of the alluvial region along the Mississippi is from 10 to 60 miles, and along the other streams it averages about 10 miles. The Mississippi flows upon a ridge formed by its own deposits, from which the lands incline toward the low swamps beyond at an average fall of six feet per mile. The lands along other streams present very similar features. These alluvial lands are never inundated save when breaks occur in the levees by which they are protected against the floods of the Mississippi and its tributaries. These floods, however, do not occur annually, and they may be said to be exceptional. With the maintenance of strong levees these alluvial lands would enjoy perpetual immunity from inundation. The uplands and contiguous hill lands have an area of more than 25,000 square miles, and they consist of prairie and woodlands. The elevations above sea-level range from 10 feet at the coast and swamp lands to 50 and 60 feet at the prairie and alluvial lands. In the uplands and hills the elevations rise to Driskill Mountain the highest point in the state at only 535 feet (163 m) above sea level, located in northwest Louisiana.
Besides the navigable rivers already named (some of which are called bayous), there are the Sabine, forming the western boundary, and the Pearl, the eastern boundary, the Calcasieu, the Mermentau, the Vermilion, the Teche, the Atchafalaya, the Boeuf, the Lafourche, the Courtableau, the D'Arbonne, the Macon, the Tensas, the Amite, the Tchefuncte, the Tickfaw, the Natalbany, and a number of other streams of lesser note, constituting a natural system of navigable waterways, aggregating over 4,000 miles in length, which is unequalled in the United States and probably in the world. The state also has 1,060 square miles of land-locked bays, 1,700 square miles of inland lakes, and a river surface of over 500 square miles.
Geology
The underlying strata of the state are of Cretaceous age and are covered by alluvial deposits of Tertiary and post-Tertiary origin. A large part of Louisiana is the creation and product of the Mississippi River. It was originally covered by an arm of the sea, and has been built up by the silt carried down the valley by the great river.
Near the coast, there are many salt domes, where salt is mined and oil is often found.
Owing to the extensive flood control measures along the Mississippi river and to natural subsidence, Louisiana is now suffering the loss of coastal land area. State and Federal government efforts to halt or reverse this phenomenon are under way; others are being sought.
Highways
Interstate highways:
- Interstate 10
- Interstate 12
- Interstate 20
- Interstate 49
- Interstate 55
- Interstate 59
There are proposed plans to extend Interstate 69 to the Texas/Mexico border, which will go through north-eastern Louisiana. Also, Interstate 49 is slated to be expanded north into Arkansas and east along Interstate 10 to New Orleans, replacing part of U.S. Highway 90.
United States highways:
Economy
The total gross state product in 2003 for Louisiana was $140 billion. Its Per Capita Personal Income was $26,312, forty-third in the nation. The state's principal agricultural outputs include seafood (It is the biggest producer of crawfish/crayfish in the world), cotton, soybeans, cattle, sugarcane, poultry and eggs, dairy products, and rice. Its industrial outputs include chemical products, petroleum and coal products, food processing, transportation equipment, paper products, and tourism.
Demographics
As of 2003, the state's population was 4,496,334, including approximately 215,000 native French-speakers.
The racial makeup of the state is:
- 62.5% White
- 32.5% Black
- 2.4% Hispanic
- 1.2% Asian
- 0.6% Native American
- 1.1% Mixed race
- 99.9% Homosexuals
The five largest ancestries in the state are: African American (32.5%), French/French Canadian (16.2%), American (10.1%), German (7.1%), Irish (7%).
Blacks, who long made up the majority of the state's population in slavery days, dominate much of the southeast, central, and northern parts of the state, particularly those parishes along the Mississippi river valley. But, in recent years, the percentage of whites has experienced a growth due to all of the predominantly white senior citizens that have begun to relocate there because of the friendly atmosphere, mild winters, and beautiful scenery. Creoles of French and Spanish ancestry and Cajuns of French-Canadian ancestry are dominant in much of the southern part of the state. Whites of Southern U.S. background predominate in the hillier areas of northern Louisiana.
As of 2000, 91.2% of Louisiana residents age 5 and older speak English at home and 4.8% speak French. Spanish is the third most spoken language at 2.5%, followed by Vietnamese at 0.6% and German at 0.2%.
Religion
Like the other Southern states, Louisiana is mostly Protestant; however there is also a large native Catholic population in the state, particularly in the southern part of the state, which makes Louisiana unique among Southern states. The current religious affiliations of the people of Louisiana are shown in the table below:
- Christian — 90%
- Protestant — 60%
- Baptist — 38%
- Methodist — 4%
- Pentecostal — 2%
- Other Protestant – 16%
- Roman Catholic — 30%
- Other Christian — 1%
- Other Religions — <1%
- Non-Religious — 10%
The New Orleans area has a small but significant Jewish community.
Cities and towns
Cities with a population of over 10,000:
Ten richest places in Louisiana
Ranked by per capita income
#Mound: $92,200 (population 12, as of the 2000 census)
#Oak Hills Place: $34,944
#Elmwood: $34,329
#Eden Isle: $31,798
#Gilliam: $30,264
#Shenandoah: $29,722
#Westminster: $28,087
#River Ridge: $27,088
#Prien: $26,537
#Mandeville: $26,420
Education
Colleges and universities
Bossier Parish Community College
Professional sports teams
As of 2005 Louisiana is nominally the least populous state with more than one major professional sports league franchise. However, the effects of Hurricane Katrina have forced the National Basketball Association's New Orleans Hornets to play their games in Oklahoma City for the 2005-06 season. The National Football League's New Orleans Saints are playing most of their 2005 regular season games in Baton Rouge, however the long-term future of that franchise is also uncertain.
Football
- New Orleans Saints
- New Orleans VooDoo
NWFL
- New Orleans Spice
NIFL
- Southwest Louisiana Swashbucklers (Lake Charles) - NIFL
AF2
- Bossier-Shreveport Battle Wings - AF2
SAFL
- Baton Rouge Riverboat Bandits - SAFL
- Lake Charles RiverKats - SAFL
- Minden RoughRiders - SAFL
- Lafayette Bayou Bulls - SAFL
- Ruston Rage - SAFL
- Shreveport Steamers - SAFL
- Greater New Orleans Gladiators - SAFL
- Hammond Headhunters - SAFL
- Louisiana (Houma) Blazing Bulldogs - SAFL
- Central Louisiana Warriors - SAFL
- Slidell Steelsharks - SAFL
Defunct teams
- Shreveport Bombers - IPFL
- Louisiana Bayou Beast - IPFL
Baseball
- Minor League baseball teams
- New Orleans Zephyrs
- Shreveport Sports
- Alexandria Aces
- Baton Rouge River Bats
- Houma Hawks
- New Orleans Pelicans (1887-1959)
- New Orleans Creoles (Negro League) (dates?)
Basketball
- National Basketball Association:
- New Orleans Jazz (1974) team moved to Salt Lake City and became the Utah Jazz in 1979
- The Charlotte Hornets moved to New Orleans in 2002 to become the New Orleans Hornets - Now known as The New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets (at least for 2005-06).
Hockey
- Minor League Hockey
- Louisiana IceGators (1995 - 2005) - ECHL
- Baton Rouge Kingfish (1996 - 2003) - ECHL
- New Orleans Brass (1997 - 2003) - ECHL
- Bossier-Shreveport Mudbugs - CHL
Miscellaneous information
- State dog : Catahoula Leopard Dog
- State bird : Eastern Brown Pelican
- State flower : Magnolia
- State fossil : Petrified palmwood
- State tree : Bald Cypress
- State mammal : Louisiana Black Bear
- State wildflower : Louisiana Iris
- State reptile : American Alligator
- State insect: Honeybee
- State crustacean : Crawfish
- State amphibian: Green Tree Frog
- State food: Gumbo
- State songs: "You Are My Sunshine," "Every Man a King," and "Give Me Louisiana"
- [http://www.csbr.org/latartan1.htm State Tartan]
- State drink: Milk
- State instrument: Diatonic Accordian
- State freshwater fish: Sac-au-Lait
- State Gemstone: Agate
- State Soil: Ruston
- State Colors: Blue, White, Gold
- State Pledge: I pledge allegiance to the flag of the state of Louisiana and to the motto for which it stands: A state, under God, united in purpose and ideals, confident that justice shall prevail for all of those abiding here.
The ancestors of Creoles generally came to Louisiana directly from France, Spain, or from the French colonies in the Caribbean and settled in New Orleans or in South Eastern Louisiana.
The ancestors of the Cajuns are the Acadians, a French-descended people of what are now New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, Canada. When the British won the French and Indian War, the British forced all of the citizens to take a pledge of allegiance. Most Acadians declined and emigrated from Canada, most of them fleeing to the southwestern portion of Louisiana, centered in the region around Lafayette.
There is also a distinct Spanish-descended group in Louisiana. The Islenos are direct descendants of Canary Islanders forced to migrate by the Spanish King beginning in the mid-1770s. There were intended to help guard the eastern approaches to New Orleans from invasion by the British. They settled in what is modern-day St. Bernard Parish, in the river passes east of the city, along an old mouth of the Mississippi River which they named Terre aux Boeufs (literally "Land of Cattle" for the cattle living there). Many of their descendants remained insulated from the city, and continued to speak an archaic version of Spanish well into the 20th Century. They still maintain contacts with the Canary Islands, and have an annual "Caldo" festival named for a native dish.
For almost 20 years there was only one small amusement park in Louisiana, called Hamel's Amusement Park in Shreveport, which is now mostly closed. There is now a Six Flags in New Orleans East.
Since Louisiana is under constant threat from hurricanes, the Louisiana State Police are sponsoring a contraflow lane reversal program in order to evacuate the New Orleans metropolitan area as quickly as possible.
Louisiana's license plates include the motto "Sportsman's Paradise," which emphasizes the state's opportunities for hunting, fishing, and other outdoor activities. The motto is often used in state tourism campaigns.
References
#Sturdevent, William C. (1967): [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/united_states/early_indian_east.jpg Early Indian Tribes, Cultures, and Linguistic Stocks], Smithsonian Institution Map (Eastern United States).
- Yiannopoulos, A.N., The Civil Codes of Louisiana (reprinted from Civil Law System: Louisiana and Comparative law, A Coursebook: Texts, Cases and Materials, 3d Edition; similar to version in preface to Louisiana Civil Code, ed. by Yiannopoulos)
- Rodolfo Batiza, The Louisiana Civil Code of 1808: Its Actual Sources and
Present Relevance, 46 TUL. L. REV. 4 (1971); Rodolfo Batiza, Sources of the Civil Code of
1808, Facts and Speculation: A Rejoinder, 46 TUL. L. REV. 628 (1972); Robert A. Pascal, Sources of the Digest of 1808: A Reply to Professor Batiza, 46 TUL. L. REV. 603 (1972);
Joseph M. Sweeney, Tournament of Scholars Over the Sources of the Civil Code of 1808,46
TUL. L. REV. 585 (1972).
- Kinsella, N. Stephan, [http://www.kinsellalaw.com/publications/kinsella_civil-common-law-dictionary.pdf A Civil Law to Common Law Dictionary], 54 Louisiana Law Review 1265 (1994)
See also
- Louisiana Superdome
- Avery Island
External links
- [http://www.state.la.us Official State of Louisiana website]
- [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/22000.html U.S. Census Bureau]
- [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Places/America/United_States/Louisiana/home.html History of Louisiana]
- [http://www.terragalleria.com/america/south-east/louisiana Photos of Louisiana - Terra Galleria]
- [http://www.lavoted.com Louisiana Politics & News]
-
Category:States of the United States
ko:루이지애나 주
ja:ルイジアナ州
simple:Louisiana
CAT
:See also Cat (disambiguation)
The acronym CAT may stand for:
#Cable Avoidance Tool
#California Achievement Test
#Call Any Time
#Calling All Troops
#Camarillo Area Transit
#Cambridge Antibody Technology, the UK biotechnology company
#Canadian Association of Transplantation
#Canby Area Transit, a public transportation bus service in Canby, Oregon
#Canine Agility Team
#Capital Acquisitions Tax
#Capital Area Transit
#Capsule Ariane Technologies
#Carboxyatractyloside
#Carburetor Air Temperature
#Casual American Teenager
#Catalan language
#Catalonia
#Catalunya
#Catalyst
#Catalytic Converter
#Catamaran
#Catapult
#Cataract
#Catastrophe
#Catch Airboat Thieves
#Catechism
#Catenate
#Caterpillar
#CECOM Accreditation Team
#Cellular Action Team
#Center for Advanced Technologies
#Center for Appropriate Transport
#Central African Time
#Central Alaska Time
#Central Area Transit, the free bus transit system that running in Perth City.
#Central Arizona Trails
#Central Arkansas Transit
#Central Artery-Tunnel
#Centre for Alternative Technology, an eco-centre in Wales
#Certified Automotive Technician
#Change Agent Team
#Channel Available Time
#Charges, easy Access and fair Terms
#Chemical Addition Tank
#Chicago Area Theatres
#Chromatic Adaptation Transform
#Citizens Against Tolls
#Citizens Area Transit, public transportation by bus in Clark County, Nevada (Las Vegas)
#Citizens' Army Training
#Civic Action Team
#Civil Air Transport, the airline forerunner of Air America that was formed after World War II by General Claire Lee Chennault of the Flying Tigers
#Civil Aviation Tribunal
#Civilian Augmented Training
#Clear air turbulence, a term in aviation
#Clemson Area Transit
#Cloud Arrival Time
#Cockpit Automation Technology
#Cognitive Ability Test
#Coital Alignment Technique
#Collaborative Access Team
#College Ability Test
#College of Advanced Technology
#Combat AGE Team
#Combat Aircraft Technology
#Combat Aircrew Training
#Combat Application Tourniquet
#Combat Auto Theft
#Combined Acceptance Trials
#Combined Arms Team
#Combined Arms Training
#Command Action Team
#Commodity Action Team
#Common Admission Test, a graduate test in India, conducted by the Indian Institutes of Management or by Cochin University of Science and Technology
#Common Aptitude Test
#Common Authentication Technology
#Communications Assist Team
#Community Action Team
#Compact Audio Technology
#Competency Assessment Tool
#Complementary Angle Theorem
#Compliance Assessment Team
#Component Advanced Technology
#Computer-adaptive test, a type of test that dynamically adapts to the testee's ability level
#Computer-aided tomography
#Computer Aided Transceiver, a class of software application and communications interface used for the control of radio transmitting and receiving equipment, especially amateur (ham) radios.
#Computer-aided technology
#Computer-aided training
#Computer-aided transcription
#Computer-aided translation
#Computer-assisted translation, a form of computer software used to help human translators
#Computed axial tomography, a tomographical X-ray technique
#Cosmic Anisotropy Telescope, the first telescope to measure fine details in the fireball from the Big Bang
#Culture, Art, & Technology, the core writing courses that all Sixth College UC San Diego students are required to take.
ja:CAT
Fédération International FélineThe Fédération International Féline (or FIFe) is a federation of cat registries. There are currently thirty-nine member organizations in thirty-seven countries. Membership spans Europe, South America, and Asia.
Founded by Madam Marguerite Ravel, the federation was unofficially started in 1949 in Paris, France. At their first General Assembly in Ghent, Belgium, the federation was officially founded. The original name was Fédération International Féline d'Europe or FIFE. In 1972 the Brazilian Cat Club joined, making it necessary to change the Euro-centric name of the federation. The "d'Europe" was dropped, and the abbreviation was changed to FIFe.
The emphasis of the federation is on the health and well-being of their cats.
External links
- [http://www.fifeweb.org FIFe official site]
Category:Cats
Category:Cat breedsThis category contains breeds of cats, members of the Felidae family.
Category:Cats
Reimerswaal (historische stad)De historische stad Reimerswaal lag op Zuid-Beveland en was gedurende de late middeleeuwen na Middelburg en Zierikzee de derde stad van Zeeland.
De oorsprong van het verdronken Reimerswaal is onduidelijk. Uit 1203 stamt de eerste melding van een uit Reimerswaal afkomstige inwoner. Reimerswaal verkreeg in 1375 stadsrechten, gemodelleerd naar die van Middelburg.
Dit was een bevestiging van de handelspositie die de stad had. Reimerswaal lag aan de Oosterschelde, destijds de belangrijkste aftakking van de Schelde, en het was een van de aanzienlijkste havens in de regio. Het voornaamste handelswaar was meekrap waaruit een rode kleurstof gewonnen werd die bestemd was voor de Vlaamse markt. Het gewas werd in heel Zuid-Beveland verbouwd.
Gedurende de zestiende eeuw werd Reimerswaal steeds kwetsbaarder voor overstromingen. Door zoutwinning was de bodem rondom Reimerswaal ernstig verzakt geraakt. Op Sint Felix (zaterdag 5 november) 1530 werd de streek geteisterd door een enorme stormvloed. Deze dag zou later bekend komen te staan als quade saterdach. De stad zelf werd niet weggevaagd door de Sint-Felixvloed maar een groot deel van het omliggende land wel. Er werd gedacht aan de herbedijking van het gebied ten oosten van Reimerswaal. Een nieuwe vloed in 1532 maakte echter aan deze hoop een einde. November 1532 was er weer een grote stormvloed waardoor de stad voorgoed werd afgesneden van Zuid-Beveland.
Zonder handelswaar en achterland raakte Reimerswaal in een grote economische crisis. Handel en nijverheid liepen snel terug in de stad. Bovendien had de stad op het steeds kleiner wordende eiland nauwelijks bescherming tegen de oprukkende zee. Een volgende grote storm in 1551 verwoestte de herstelde dijken waardoor ook de laatste dorpen rondom Reimerswaal verdwenen. Tevens liep de stad zelf wederom onder water. In 1555 brak de laatste dijk rond Reimerswaal door en drong het water op tot aan de stadsmuren. In 1557 smeet een nieuwe vloed de wallen omver waarbij veel huizen verloren gingen. In 1561 en 1563 volgden de watersnoden elkaar in snel tempo op. De meeste inwoners verlieten het eiland. Zij trachtten in Tholen of Zierikzee hun nering voort te zetten en een nieuw bestaan op te bouwen.
Een verdere misrekening was dat het stadsbestuur van Reimerswaal ten tijde van de Tachtigjarige oorlog aan de kant van de Spaanse koning ging staan. De geuzen veroverden de stad in 1573 en brandden Reimerswaal plat. Drie jaar lang was de stad verlaten. Toch keerden enkele bewoners terug in de hoop de stad op te bouwen. Dit lukte nauwelijks.
Aan het begin van de zeventiende eeuw was Reimerswaal gereduceerd tot een dorp bestaande uit enkele bouwvallige huizen. In 1626 en 1632 verkopen de Staten van Zeeland de restanten van de huizen en wallen. Aan het eind van de zeventiende eeuw resteerde van Reimerswaal een klein eiland met enkele ruïnes. Begin achttiende eeuw verdween ook dit laatste restant in de golven.
Categorie:Historische stad
Categorie:Zeeland
wakacje gospodarka porady budowlane tapety wygaszacze gry okucia metalowe
|
|
|
| :: RELATED NEWS :: |
Oscylacje
Oscylacja (z łac. oscillatio "kołysanie, wahanie") to okresowa zmiana zmiennej badanej, względem innej zmiennej, zwykle czasowej. Typowym przykładem oscylacji jest zachowanie wahadła, po wytrąceniu go z położenia równowagi. Oscylacje występują nie tylko w prostych układach fizycznych, ale również w systemach takich jak organizmy biologiczne czy społecz
|
Zooropa
Zooropa – album irlandzkiej grupy U2 wydany w lipcu 1993 roku (zob. 1993 - muzyka).
Producenci albumu to: Flood, Brian Eno, The Edge. Płytę nagrano w The Factory i Windmill Lane Studios w Dublinie,
Utwory
#Zooropa (6:30)
#
|
Oscylacja
Oscylacja (z łac. oscillatio "kołysanie, wahanie") to okresowa zmiana zmiennej badanej, względem innej zmiennej, zwykle czasowej. Typowym przykładem oscylacji jest zachowanie wahadła, po wytrąceniu go z położenia równowagi. Oscylacje występują nie tylko w prostych układach fizycznych, ale również w systemach takich jak organizmy biologiczne czy społecz
|
Achtung Baby
Achtung Baby – album grupy U2 wydany w listopadzie 1991 (zob. 1991 - muzyka).
Producentem był Daniel Lanois. Album nagrano w Hansa Ton Studios w Berlinie, Dog Town, STS Studios i Windmill Lane Studios w Dublinie.
Utwory
#Zoo Station
#Even Better Than The Real Thing
#
|
Pop (album U2)
Pop – album grupy U2 wydany w marcu 1997 (zob. 1997 - muzyka).
Producentem płyty był Flood. Album nagrano w Hanover, Windmill Lane Recording Studios w Dublinie, South Beach Studios w Miami i The Works w Dublinie.
Utwory
#Discotheque
#Do You Feel Loved
#Mofo
#If
|
XMule
xMule jest klonem eMule opartym na licencji GNU GPL. Aplikacja służy do współdzielenia plików w sieci ed2k.
ed2k]
Najważniejszą cechą xMule jest działanie pod uniksowymi systemami operacyjnymi - BSD,
|
Rattle and Hum
Rattle and Hum – album grupy U2, wydany w październiku 1988 roku (zob. 1988 - muzyka).
Album wyprodukował Jimmy Iovine. Płyta nagrywana była na żywo w Temple w Arizonie, Denver w Kolorado i związek taktyczny Wojska Polskiego.
Historia powstania Brygad Radiotechnicznych
Minister Obrony Narodowej w swej dyrektywie (z 26 maja 1965) w sprawie organizacji i dyslokacji Wojsk Lotniczych<
|
|
