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American Greetings

American Greetings

American Greetings is the world's largest publicly-traded greeting card company. It is based in Cleveland, Ohio. Their most-popular copyrighted properties include Strawberry Shortcake, the Care Bears, The Get-Along Gang and Holly Hobbie. They hold an exclusive licensee for Nickeloden characters. Founded in 1906 by immigrant Jacob Sapirstein (1885-1987), who sold cards from a horse-drawn cart, it has continued to be run by members of his family. Irving I. Stone (Sapirstein's oldest son) was stuffing envelopes at age five, handling the business during his father's illness when he was nine, and worked for the company fulltime on leaving high school. He was succeeded as CEO by his son-in-law Morry Weiss in 1987 ,and took the title "Founder-Chairman", previously held by his father, when Weiss became chairman in 1992, before Stone died in 2000. In 2003 Morry Weiss's sons Zev and Jeffrey became CEO and President respectively, Morry Weiss remaining Chairman.

American Greetings cartoonists

- R. Crumb
- Tom Wilson (Ziggy)
- Peter Guren (Ask Shagg) See also: cardmaking.

External link

- [http://www.corporate.americangreetings.com/ Corporate website]

Business Ratings

- [http://www.buyblue.org/node/216/view/summary Buyblue.org] rating on Political Contributions; Labor & Human Rights; Environment; Corporate and Social Responsibility; Employment Equality; and Industry Practices Category:Companies based in Ohio Category:Greeting cards

Greeting card

A greeting card is an illustrated, folded card usually featuring a message of greeting or other sentiment. Although greeting cards are usually given on special occasions such as birthdays, Christmas or other holidays, they are also sent on 'non-occasions' to say 'hello' or 'thank you'. Greeting cards, usually packaged with an envelope, come in a variety of styles, are manufactured and/or hand-made by hundreds of companies big and small. Hallmark Cards and American Greetings are the largest producers of greeting cards in the U.S.

Postcard

Greeting cards derive from postcards which are single sided without the fold. Postcards appeared fairly early on in the history of the Postal Service as a cheaper way of sending messages, especially those of a tourist nature.

Industry Association

The Greeting Card Association is an international trade organization representing the interests of greeting card and stationery manufacturers.

List of companies manufacturing or selling greeting cards

- Hallmark Cards
- American Greetings
- Cafepress.com
- Archies Limited
- Zazzle.com

Strawberry Shortcake

:This article refers to the doll; there is also a dessert from which the doll got its name. Strawberry Shortcake is a female doll popular with children. Originally created as a greeting card by American Greetings, the doll consists of a girl whose hair is colored strawberry red and has been perfumed to smell like strawberries. This character has been very popular among little girls and now collectors. She was first released in 1980, then relaunched in 1991 and 2002. The early 1980s line consisted of a series of dolls with fruity dessert-themed names with colored and scented hair to match. Each doll also came with a pet. The characters lived and played in a magical world known as Strawberryland. The 1980s Strawberry Shortcake frenzy led to the production of thousands of products, including, of course, dolls, video games, sticker albums, clothes, video movies and many more. Several videos and DVDs are made featuring Strawberry and her friends.

1980s Characters

doll
- Strawberry Shortcake (with Custard the cat)
- Huckleberry Pie (with Pupcake the dog)
- Apple Dumplin' (with Teatime Turtle)
- Blueberry Muffin (with Cheesecake mouse)
- Lemon Meringue (with Frappe the frog)
- Raspberry Tart (with Rhubarb monkey)
- Lime Chiffon (with Parfait Parrot)
- Angel Cake (with Souffle' the skunk)
- Orange Blossom (with Marmalade the butterfly)
- Butter Cookie (with Jelly Bear)
- Apricot (with Hopsalot the bunny)
- Mint Tulip (International friend from the Netherlands, with Marsh Mallard, the duck)
- Crepe Suzette (International friend from France, with Eclair the poodle)
- Cafe Ole (International friend from Mexico, witb Burrito the donkey)
- Almond Tea (International friend China, with Marza Panda)
- Lem and Ada (Twin International friends the United Kingdom, with Sugarwoofer the dog)
- Plum Puddin' (with Elderberry Owl)
- Peach Blush (with Melonie Belle the lamb)
- Banana Twirl (no pet known)
- The Peculiar Purple Pieman of Porcupine Peak (with Captain Cackle the berry bird) villain
- Sour Grapes (with snake Dregs) villain

2002-2005 Characters

Responding to a new generation, American Greetings relaunched the Strawberry Shortcake in 2002 with a new look for the modern girl. In 2005, she is still going strong and her cast of friends is growing. A few original characters were relaunched with different pets and relationships. There are also a few international friends.
- Strawberry Shortcake - with pets Custard and Pupcake
- Apple Dumplin'- with pet Apple Ducklin' (Pet is not yet released)
- Ginger Snap (who is hispanic) - with pet Chocolate Chipmunk
- Angel Cake - with pet Vanilla Icing the lamb
- Orange Blossom (who is African-American) - with pet Marmalade butterfly
- Huckleberry Pie - with pet Shoofly frog (Pet is not yet released)
- Blueberry Muffin - with pet Cheesecake mouse (Pet is not yet released)
- Rainbow Sherbet - with pet Triple Treat Toucan (Pet is not yet released)
- Seaberry Delight - with pet Kiwi Sea Turtle (Pet is not yet released)
- Coco Calypso - with pet Papaya Parrot (Pet is not yet released)
- Peppermint Fizz - with pet Cola Chameleon (not yet released) To be released in 2005-2006:
- Raspberry Torte - with pet Rhubarb Racooon
- Lemon Meringue - with pet Sourball Skunk
- Crepe Suzette - with pet Eclair
- Tea Blossom - with pet Marza Panda
- Frosty Puff - with pet Freezer Pop Penguin This line also included a series of Filly Friends
- Honey Pie - Strawberry Shortcake's Filly
- Orange Twist - Orange Blossom's Filly
- Milkshake - Angel Cake's Filly
- Cookie Dough - Ginger Snap's Filly
- Spumoni - Coco Calypso's Filly
- Cherry Vanilla - Peppermint Fizz's Filly
- Butter Pecan - Rainbow Sherbet's Filly
- Pistachio - Seaberry Delight's Filly
- Blueberry Sundae - Blueberry Muffin's Filly (Not yet released) See also: Kenner Bandai Also see Being a Muslim with Ginger Snap.

External link

- [http://www.strawberry-shortcake.net/ http://www.strawberry-shortcake.net/]
- [http://www.strawberryshortcake.com/ http://www.strawberryshortcake.com/]
- [http://www.strawberryconvention.com/ http://www.strawberryconvention.com] Category:Animated television series Category: Toys of the 1980s simple:Strawberry Shortcake

Care Bears

The Care Bears are a set of characters created by American Greetings in 1981 for use on greeting cards. The original artwork for the cards was painted by artist Elena Kucharik. In 1983, Kenner took the characters and made the first in a line of very succesful teddy bears based of the Care Bears. Over 40 million units were sold between 1983 and 1987. Each Care Bear comes in a different colour and with a specialized insignia on its belly: for example, "Bedtime Bear" is pastel blue and sports a sleepy-looking anthropromorphised crescent moon, and "Cheer Bear" is pink with a rainbow insignia. A spin-off collection of toys, the Care Bear Cousins, feature stuffed monkeys, lions, and other such animals in the same style as the teddy bears. The Care Bears television series ran from 1985 to 1988; three animated feature film spinoffs, The Care Bears Movie (1985), The Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation (1986), and The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland (1987) followed. As of 2005, Care Bears are being marketed once more. The new toys offer features such as light-up bellies when pressed. As part of this comeback, the Bears' straight-to-DVD CGI debut, Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot, was released on October 5, 2004 to less than critical acclaim. Another such film, The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie, was released on October 18, 2005 [http://memoriesboard.net/index.php?showtopic=5973&st=0&#entry42825 ] [http://www.lionsgatefilms.com/family/index.php ] [http://www.care-bears.com/CareBears/html/bigwish/index.html ]. As with the 1980s movies and television series, both films are produced by Nelvana Limited. In 2004, the Bears appeared in their first PC game, Let's Have a Ball! The following year, they appeared in Catch a Star (also for the PC) [http://www.macobserver.com/article/2005/10/06.1.shtml ] [http://www.valusoft.com/products/carebears-catchastar.html ] and Care Quest (for the GameBoy).

Alphabetical list of Care Bears

- America Cares Bear - A brand-new addition to the famous toy line (2004), America Cares Bear is the Kingdom of Caring's most patriotic member, a happy and energetic bear who believes that America's greatest strength is in caring. Her shooting-star tummy symbol reminds America to lift up their red, white and blue by caring for those around them, and making their country--and the world--a better place.
- Baby Hugs Bear (often called Hugs), along with her brother, Baby Tugs Bear, with whom she often gets into mischief, is the youngest member of the Care Bears family. Sweet, curious and loving, she can never go anywhere without being hugged by anyone. A Star Buddy inside a pink box—her tummy symbol—shows her personality.
- Baby Tugs Bear (often called Tugs), whose sister is Baby Hugs Bear, is a rough and tumble little boy cub who always gets into mischief. The two siblings, looked after by their grandmother, Grams Bear (see below), are the youngest members of the Care Bears family. Baby Tugs' aspiration is to become a Care Bear himself and join the other Bears on missions in caring. His tummy symbol, a smiling Star Buddy inside a diaper, reflects his bright and happy personality.
- Bashful Heart Bear - The shyest of the Care Bears, added to the toy line in 2004, her tummy symbol is a heart hiding behind a cloud with a rainbow.
- Bedtime Bear - The sleepiest Bear of them all, Bedtime Bear makes sure that people get a good night's sleep all over the world. His tummy symbol (see above) says everything best about his job.
- Best Friend Bear - Added to the line in 2004, this Bear helps by showing that you can always find someone to be your friend. Her tummy symbol is a star and heart connected by a rainbow.
- Birthday Bear knows how to celebrate his namesake all the time. His symbol is a cupcake with one candle on it.
- Champ Bear - The Kingdom of Caring's sports guru, Champ Bear encourages the message of playtime--he is especially good at games he has never played before. A yellow trophy with a heart is his symbol. He appeared in some of the Nelvana episodes and made a cameo appearance in the beginning of the third movie, Adventure in Wonderland.
- Cheer Bear - One of the original ten, Cheer Bear's job (see picture below) is to make people feel their happiest. A rainbow stands out as her symbol. Adventure in Wonderland
- Do-Your-Best Bear - A recent addition to the toy line (2004), Do-Your-Best Bear helps people be the best they can. His symbol--a colourful kite--reminds everyone that the sky's the limit when you do your best. However, he is the only one in the Kingdom of Caring who cannot fly a kite!
- Day Dream Bear - Made exclusively for the British version of the franchise in the 1980s, Day Dream Bear shows that daydreams are fun and help inspire people to do things, but also shows how to pay attention. She is constantly getting into funny little scrapes because her mind is somewhere else. Her tummy symbol, two heart-shaped ballons, shows that, with imagination, there is a rainbow of happiness that we can create. She has been revamped in 2004 by Play Along Toys, her tummy symbol is a heart shaped planet Saturn with stars around it.
- Forest Friend Bear - A joint exclusive between Tonka and the World Wildlife Fund for the 80's British franchise, Forest Friend Bear's job is to help keep forested areas safe.
- Friend Bear, one of the original ten Bears, is the ideal friend for everyone she meets. Two smiling flowers show up on her tummy symbol.
- Funshine Bear - A regular in the toy line's animated fare for years, Funshine Bear, Care-a-lot's class clown, has a smiling sun as her tummy symbol--and even a smile on her face. Being happy is what she is all about. In the 2004 toy line and the direct-to-DVD feature, Journey to Joke-a-lot, Funshine was a male bear.
- Good Luck Bear helps spread his namesake to those he encounters. What can say better about his mission than (of course) a four-leaf clover on his tummy?
- Grams Bear - The grandmother of all the Care Bears family, 'Grams Bear' looks after the Kingdom of Caring's two youngest members, Hugs and Tugs (see above). A seasoned "veteran," an excellent storyteller, and a valued mentor for the family, she knows just about all there is about being a Bear, and is ready to lend a hand or a patient ear to help anyone in need. A rose stands out as her symbol. As a later addition to the toy line, Grams Bear was featured, along with her grandchildren, in the first movie and on some of the Nelvana TV episodes.
- Grumpy Bear, whose symbol is a grey rain cloud with falling hearts, tells us that it is okay to be grumpy sometimes, but that we are silly when we take our grumpiness too far. Grumpy is a fan favourite.
- Harmony Bear, a peace-lover, helps others overcome differences and get along. Her symbol (see below) shows that harmony can be achieved when different people come together for the good of all. In the second movie (1986), Harmony's symbol was three joint-together hearts (the US version); in the British toys, it was three music notes. In 2004, it was changed into a multi-coloured flower. She is also one of the mascots of the Sigma Sigma Sigma college sorority in real life.
- Hopeful Heart Bear was a new addition to the toy line in 2005. Her tummy symbol is a heart with beams of light radiating out of it.
- Laugh-A-Lot Bear - Also a new addition in 2004, Laugh-A-Lot Bear turns her worst mistakes into the best jokes. Her symbol--a laughing star at giving others the giggles--shows what she really is.
- Love-A-Lot Bear - With two intertwined hearts as her tummy symbol, Love-a-Lot Bear spreads the message of her namesake and makes it grow wherever she goes. Though a true believer in the power of love, she is not afraid to help it along. She can be seen dancing with her crush, Tenderheart Bear, at the beginning of the first movie.
- Perfect & Polite Panda - Looking after Paradise up above the skies of Care-a-lot, Perfect & Polite Panda always spoke in rhyme, finishing each other's sentences and complimenting one another's feelings. They only appeared in one Care Bears episode, The Long Lost Care Bears.
- Sea Friend Bear - Another British exclusive in the 80's between Tonka and the World Wildlfe Fund, Sea Friend Bear makes sure that the world's oceans and seas are safe from harm.
- Secret Bear, a later addition to the Care Bears family, acts as a mime to the other members. He can only tell secrets to his partner, Friend Bear (as the first movie strongly shows). Secret's tummy symbol is a red heart-shaped padlock.
- Share Bear, also a later addition, helps others to learn about sharing the things they have. She shows that, through her symbol (see below), sharing is a treat that comes from the heart. In the 1980's franchise, Share Bear's symbol was a heart-sprinkled sundae with two straws; in 2004 it was changed to two lollipops (on the grounds that sharing milkshakes can spread germs, according to present-day distributors Play Along Toys).
- Smart Heart Bear - Added to the toy line in 2004, this Bear teaches kids that school is fun and so is learning. His tummy symbol is a bright red apple.
- Surprise Bear - A rare find in the 80's franchise, there is no one who loves good surprises so much like Surprise Bear. His symbol represents his job: a jack-in-the box with a star popping out. He was featured in the British franchise as an exclusive plush.
- Take Care Bear - The least-known of all the Bears, Take Care Bear helps her friends live in the best of health. Her only appearance in the early franchise was in a 1987 cough medicine colouring book. A smiling apple was her symbol back then. Now she has a heart holding a star.
- Tenderheart Bear - The leader of the Care Bears, and one of the original ten characters introduced in the franchise (the others were Bedtime Bear, Birthday Bear, Cheer Bear, Friend Bear, Funshine Bear, Good Luck Bear, Grumpy Bear, Love-A-Lot Bear and Wish Bear). A loving and lovable brown bear who knows a lot about helping others share their feelings, Tenderheart helps spread love and make it grow by helping people show they care. He wears the perfect symbol for his job on his tummy--a red heart with a narrow pink border.
- Thanks-A-Lot Bear - One of the least known Care Bears, Thanks-A-Lot Bear's only known appearance is in the toy line as a plush, a glowing plush, and a small plush partnered with Funshine Bear. He is bright blue and his symbol is a shooting star with a rainbow tail.
- True Heart Bear - The mother of the Care Bears and the Cousins, True Heart Bear, who first appeared in the second movie, is everything one would expect the first Bear to be: warm and perky, fun and friendly and extra-lovable and loving! Her symbol, a multi-coloured star radiating from a central heart, shows all the beautiful ways that caring shines out from a loving heart.
- Wish Bear's job is help, simply enough, everyone's wishes come true, even though not all of them work the way they should. Her symbol--a shooting star with a rainbow tail--reminds us to believe in our dreams.

Alphabetical list of Care Bear Cousins

Below are the descriptions for all of the Cousins, old and new. (NOTE: Noble Heart Horse was a later addition to the franchise, appearing on five of the TV episodes.)
- Brave Heart Lion is the (un)official leader of the Care Bear Cousins, and one of the original ten when these cousins were introduced in the Care Bears franchise--Swift Heart Rabbit, Lotsa Heart Elephant, Loyal Heart Dog and Proud Heart Cat to name a few. Brave Heart's tummy symbol is a red heart with a crown hanging on the right side.
- Bright Heart Raccoon - The smart aleck of the Cousins, Bright Heart Raccoon is a walking supercomputer who can solve problems thinking logically, and helps his friends on their toughest dilemmas. His symbol is a yellow heart-shaped light bulb.
- Cozy Heart Penguin - A star of the first movie, Cozy Heart Penguin is the sweetest and warmest of the Cousins, and the one most suited to winter conditions. His symbol is a stocking cap resting on the left side of a red heart.
- Gentle Heart Lamb - Featured in the first and second movies, Gentle Heart Lamb is the most softhearted of the Cousins, gentle and shy as her name suggests. A red-heart pillow is her symbol.
- Lotsa Heart Elephant - Featured in the movies and TV series, Lotsa Heart Elephant is the strongest of the Cousins in physical ability and perseverance, despite having a very weak mind. His symbol is a pink heart-stamped weight.
- Loyal Heart Dog is a very proper and formal-mannered pup, honest and loyal and true beyond compare. The reason behind his tummy symbol, a heart-shaped medal, is because of his warm personality combined with his faithfulness and his namesake.
- Noble Heart Horse is the founder of the Care Bear Cousins, and was an overseer of the Forest of Feelings and the Kingdom of Caring in the second movie, but on the TV series, he was not much of a regular. In A New Generation, he took care of the other baby Bears and Cousins; his partner was True Heart Bear. He himself was a later addition to the family.
- Playful Heart Monkey - Also appearing in the animated franchise, Playful Heart Monkey is the most mischievous Cousin anyone can meet--for him, the whole world is a playground. A heart with a party horn is his symbol.
- Proud Heart Cat - A regular in the animated movies and series, Proud Heart Cat is the "purr-fectionist" of the Care Bears family, and reminds us to do our best in everything we do. His symbol is a curved pink star with a red heart inside.
- Swift Heart Rabbit was the fastest of the Care Bear Cousins, reportedly running up to 90 mph to "help others". Sometimes his cockiness and overconfidence get him into trouble, but his quick thinking gets him out of it. His tummy symbol is a red heart with white wings. It is interesting to note that the gender of this character changed between movies and television series, examples of which can be seen in the Wonderland movie and The Great Race episode.
- Treat Heart Pig- Featured on some of the later TV episodes, Treat Heart Pig knows how to turn any occasion into a holiday. A real sweetheart, she gets along well with everyone she meets, though she has a tendency to overeat but takes things in moderation. Her symbol is an ice cream cone, showing her wholehearted devotion to helping others live life to the fullest.

Places

- The Kingdom of Caring is made up of Care-a-lot and the Forest of Feelings (see descriptions below).
- Care-a-lot is the special place where the Care Bears live, and the softest, coziest place anyone can imagine. High up in the clouds, it floats above all air traffic, and, with a nice comfy cloud floating above it, stays away from all satellite photographs too. Thus protected, the Bears protect caring on Earth.
- The Forest of Feelings is where the Care Bear Cousins live.
- The Hall of Hearts, located inside Care-a-lot, is the Care Bears family's meeting place.
- Paradise Valley is home to Perfect and Polite Panda (see above for profile).

Friends

- The Cloud Keeper is the portly gentleman who maintains Care-a-lot. He only appeared in some of the franchise's early publications and on the DiC-produced TV episodes.
- The Star and Heart Buddies look out for the Bears whenever they are on missions in caring.
- The Birds are usually seen in the Forest of Feelings with the Care Bear Cousins and watch over them.

Villains

Throughout movies and series, there were bad guys who often tried to stop the Bears and Cousins on their missions:
- First movie - Nicholas and the Evil Spirit
- Second movie - Dark Heart
- Third movie - The Wizard and Dim & Dumb
- DiC-produced episodes - Professor Coldheart, Frostbite
- Nelvana episodes - No Heart, Beastly and Shrieky (see TV series article) The villains' profiles will be dealt with in the individual articles for the animated franchise.

Legacy in the media

Over the years, the Care Bear characters have been seen in, or influenced, several other films and TV shows:

Movies

- Police Academy 4: Citizens on Patrol (1987): During a party scene in the film, a Wish Bear raft can be seen inside a swimming pool.
- Checking Out (1989) (unconfirmed): As Jeff Daniels steps outside in desert conditions towards the film's end, one of the onlookers whom his character encounters is holding a Swift Heart Rabbit doll in his hands.
- South of Wawa (1991): Footage from the Care Bears' Wonderland adventure are shown. (Alyson Court appeared in that sequel as well as this independent gem.)
- Snow Day (2000): One of the characters (played by Emmanuelle Chriqui) is nicknamed "Claire-bear" by her boyfriend.
- The Hot Chick (2002): Rob Schneider's friend has a Cheer Bear on her keyring, seen during the scene at the race track early in the film.
- Blade: Trinity (2004): Hannibal King's (Ryan Reynolds) group wanted to use Care Bears as its name, but it was taken by another one.

Television shows

- The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air: On one of the early episodes, a young girl tells Will Smith that her father only supports Care Bear music to prevent her from listening to inappropiate songs.
- Rugrats: The Dummi Bears spoof heavily on the Care Bear franchise, especially with their Sing a Happy, Happpy, Happy, Happy, Happy, Happy Song theme.
- Codename: Kids Next Door: The Rainbow Monkeys, who appear in many episodes, are yet another Care Bear spoof.
- SpongeBob SquarePants: In the Gary Takes a Bath episode, the beloved title sponge calls his pet snail "Gare-bear".
- Dr. Phil: An obsessed Care Bear fan—the administrator of The Memories Board—appeared as a guest star on the syndicated show in April 2005.
- The O.C.: In Season 1, Episode 24 ("The Proposal"), Merissa Cooper (Mischa Barton) has a Share Bear.
- ER: In a recent epsiode, King Funshine is struck by lightning while being held by Jerry Markovic (Abraham Benrubi) [http://memoriesboard.net/index.php?showtopic=6180&pid=53651&st=0&#entry53651 ].

Connections with Arthurian legend

- The name Care-a-lot is a play on King Arthur's legendary Camelot castle.
- Similar to the Round Table used by Arthur and his knights, the Care Bear Family sits around a heart-shaped table.
- Love-A-Lot Bear's name is inspired by that of Sir Lancelot.

Discography

1980s (Kid Stuff Records)

1983 -
- Introducing the Care Bears
- The Care Bears Care For You
- Adventures in Care-a-lot
- The Care Bears Christmas 1986 - Friends Make Everything Better

2000s (Madacy Kids)

2004 -
- Meet the Care Bears
- Journey to Joke-a-lot Soundtrack
- Care Bears Holiday Hugs 2005 - Care Bears Nighty-Night

The Bears in other languages

- Czech: Starostliví medvídci
- Dutch: Troetelbeertjes
- Finnish: Halinallet
- French: Les Bisounours
- German: Die Glücksbärchis
- Greek: ΤΑ ΑΡΚΟΥΔΑΚΙA
- Hebrew: דובוני אכפת לי (Doobonei eechpattli)
- Icelandic: Kærleiksbirnirnir
- Italian: Gli Orsetti del Cuore
- Japanese: ケアーベア
- Polish: Troskliwe Misie
- Portuguese: Ursinhos Carinhosos
- Serbo-Croatian: Mede medenjaci, Mece Dobrici
- Spanish: Osos Amorosos (Spain), Los Ositos Cariñositos (Latin America)
- Swedish: Krambjörnarna
- Thai: หมีผู้พิทักษ์

Miscellaneous

- In French-speaking countries, the Care Bears are referred to as Bisounours, roughly translating as kiss bears, from bisou (kiss) and nounours (teddy bear). However, French-speaking Quebec knows them as Les Calinours, or "Hug bears".
- When the franchise was introduced in the 1980's, a mistake was made causing Bedtime Bear (blue) and Wish Bear (aqua) to swap colours. As soon as the mistake was discovered, the two bears returned into their appropriate hues, and later on a children's story was written explaining why.
- The term Care Bears was used as a fan base name for Carrie Underwood (the winner of 2005's American Idol). Coincidentally, she comes from Sigma Sigma Sigma, the same group where the cartoon's founder, Linda Denham, came from.
- The Latin American Spanish dub of the Care Bears is the most chaotic dub ever known, mainly because the movies and the TV series were dubbed in many countries by different cast members. (The movies were dubbed in Mexico, the first half of the Nelvana series was dubbed in Chile, the second half was dubbed in Venezuela and a new dubbed version, showing in the Latin American version of Cartoon Network's Boomerang channel, is now dubbed in Colombia. The Colombian dub is considered for being the worst Latin American Spanish dub of the Care Bears' TV series.
- In the Swedish dubs of the various series, the villains Dark Heart, Coldheart and No Heart are, for some reason, all called the same name, "Hjärtlös" (or Heartless).
- The Care Bears' ultimate "weapon" is the Care Bear Stare, in which the collected bears stand together and radiate light from their respective chest symbols, combining to form a ray of love and good cheer which could bring care and joy into the target's heart.
- In MMORPG games the term carebear normally refers to a player that does not like Player vs Player (PvP) conflict in the game. It is generally a derogatory term in this instance.

External links

Official sites

- [http://www.care-bears.com/ US version]
- [http://www.care-bears.com.au/ Australian version]

Unofficial site

- [http://www.insidertricks.com/Care-Bears/ INSIDERtricks' site for the franchise]

Fan sites

- [http://www.ffcbb.com/ Forever Friends Care Bear Board]
- [http://wishbear.net/ Care Bears Forever]
- [http://www.bedtimebear.net/kingdomofcaring/ Kingdom of Caring] (for information on individual bears)
- [http://www.poseableplace.com/ Angel Bear's Care Bear Poseable Place] (more information on individual bears)
- [http://www.takecarebearsplace.net/ Take Care Bear's Place] (the homepage of Take Care Bear)
- [http://www.thetoyshelf.com/care-bears.html Care Bears - The Toy Shelf]
- [http://free.hostdepartment.com/N/NobleHeart/ Noble Heart's Home] (up-and-growing site for Care Bear fanfiction)
- [http://www.freewebs.com/regalstellarforever/ Regal Heart's Den] (a great site for customs and great stories)
- [http://www.backwater-productions.net/carebears/ Backwater Productions - The Care Bears] (page still under construction)
- [http://www.jossefine.com Josefine's Care Bears] (site with photos of collection & information on bears)
- [http://rainbowfantasies.net Rainbow Fantasies] (Care Bears history, other information, and downloads)
- [http://www.care-bears-collector.com Care Bears Collector] (History, trivia, a complete care bear listing and more)

Picture gallery

- [http://www.carebearzone.com The Care Bear Zone] (Site dedicated to screen captures of the Nelvana produced movies and episodes. All images were captured from DVD and enhanced for quality)

Message Forums

- [http://www.memoriesboard.net/ The Memories Board] (a place to discuss all 80's toys including Care Bears)
- [http://invisionfree.com/forums/FFCBB/index.php Forever Friends Care Bear Board] (another recommended Care Bear Board)

IMDb movie and show entries

- [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0284713/combined The Care Bears]
- [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0088885/combined The Care Bears Movie]
- [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090799/combined The Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation]
- [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092723/combined The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland]
- [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0429739/combined Care Bears: Journey to Joke-a-lot]
- [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0472221/combined The Care Bears' Big Wish Movie] Category:1980s fads Category:Animated television series Category:Toys of the 1980s
- simple:Care Bears

Holly Hobbie

Holly Hobbie (born 1944) is an American writer and illustrator. Born Denise Holly Ulinskas, she married Douglas Hobbie in 1964. In the early 1970s, Hobbie sold distinctive artwork of a cat-loving, rag dress-wearing little girl in a giant bonnet to American Greetings. This series of illustrations became immensely popular and her originally nameless character became known as 'Holly Hobbie.' In 1974, Knickerbocker Toys licensed the Holly Hobbie character for a line of rag dolls, which were a popular toy for young American girls for several years. Hobbie is the author of the popular Toot and Puddle children's books and today lives in Conway, Massachusetts.

1992

1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday.

Events

January

- January 1 - Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt replaces Javier Pérez de Cuéllar of Peru as United Nations Secretary-General
- January 1 - George H. W. Bush becomes the first President of the United States to address the Australian Parliament.
- January 8 - Bosnian Serbs declare their own republic within Bosnia-Herzegovina in protest to the decision by Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats to seek EC recognition.
- January 8 - George H. W. Bush falls violently ill in the presence of the Prime Minister of Japan.
- January 11 - Paul Simon is the first major artist to tour South Africa after the end of the cultural boycott.
- January 12 - The second round of Algeria's general elections is cancelled when the first round is favorable to the Islamic Salvation Front.
- January 13 - Japan apologizes for forcing Korean women into sexual slavery during World War II.
- January 13 - Jeffrey Dahmer pleads guilty but insane to the murders of 15 young men and boys.
- January 15 - The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ceases to exist. Slovenia and Croatia gain independence.
- January 16 - El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign a pact in Mexico City that ends a 12 year civil war that claimed at least 75,000.
- January 22 - Rebel forces occupy Zaire's national radio station in Kinshasa and broadcast a demand for the government's resignation
- January 22 - STS-42: Dr. Roberta Bondar becomes the first Canadian woman in space.
- January 26 - Boris Yeltsin announces that Russia is going to stop targeting United States cities with nuclear weapons.

February

- February 1 - Chief Judicial Magistrate of Bhopal court declares Warren Anderson, ex-CEO of Union Carbide a fugitive under Indian law for failing to appear in the Bhopal Disaster case, and orders the Indian government to press for an extradition from United States
- February 7 - Signing of the Maastricht treaty, which founded the European Union.
- February 10 - In Indianapolis, Indiana boxer Mike Tyson is convicted of raping a Miss Black America contestant named Desiree Washington
- February 11 - F-16 jet crashes into a residential district of Hengelo, the Netherlands. No casualties are reported.
- February 17 - A court in Milwaukee, Wisconsin sentences Serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer to life in prison
- February 18 - Iraq disarmament crisis: The Executive Chairman of UNSCOM details Iraq's refusal to abide by UN Security Council disarmament resolutions.
- February 20 - The English FA Premier League was officially formed
- February 21 - United Nations Security Council approves Resolution 743 and decides to send UNPROFOR peacekeeping force to Yugoslavia
- February 26 - Supreme Court of Ireland rules that a 14-year-old rape victim may travel to England to get an abortion

March

- March - Boxer Mike Tyson is given a 6 year sentence for raping an 18 year old Miss Black America contestant, Desiree Washington
- March 1 - After a majority of the Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian Croat communities vote for Bosnian independence, Serb snipers fire on civilians
- March 12 - Mauritius becomes a republic while remaining a member of the British Commonwealth
- March 12 - 13 are killed and several injured when a tram-car crashes into a crowd of people at the tram-station at Vasaplatsen in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- March 13 - In eastern Turkey, an earthquake registering 6.8 on the Richter scale kills over 500.
- March 17 - 29 are killed and 242 injured when a suicide car-bomb goes off in the Israeli embassy in Buenos Aires.
- March 25 - Cosmonaut Sergei Krikalev returns to Earth after a 10-month stay aboard the Mir space station

April

- April - Bosnia and Herzegovina secedes from Yugoslavia.
- April 2 - In New York, Mafia boss John Gotti is convicted of murder of mob boss Paul Castellano and racketeering and is later sentenced to life in prison
- April 6 - Robert Schumann (record-breaker) becomes the youngest person to visit the north pole
- April 6 - Serbian troops begin to bombard Sarajevo
- April 8 - Punch magazine publishes its final issue
- April 9 - A Miami jury convicts former Panamanian ruler Manuel Noriega of assisting Colombia's cocaine cartel
- April 9 - United Kingdom general election - John Major unexpectedly re-elected.
- April 10 - IRA bomb explodes in the Baltic Exchange in the City of London - 3 dead, 91 injured
- April 13 - Flooding in downtown Chicago, Illinois
- April 13 - Roermond in the Netherlands is rocked by an earthquake along the Peel Fault.
- April 14-October 15 - The trial of the Russian serial killer Andrew Chikatilo - he is sentenced to death
- April 21 - Maria Vladimirovna of Russia succeeds her father as Head of the Imperial Family of Russia and Titular Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias.
- April 22 - Fuel that has leaked into sewer explodes in Guadalajara, Mexico - 215 dead, 1500 injured
- April 27 - Betty Boothroyd elected the first woman to be Speaker of the British House of Commons.
- April 29 - In Los Angeles, California, the police officers that were accused of excessive force in their severe beating of Rodney King, were found "not guilty". The verdict resulted in several days of riots in L.A. and smaller riots around the country.

May

- May 5 - Alabama ratifies a 202-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a midterm or retroactive pay raise
- May 5 - Russian leaders in Crimea declare their separation from Ukraine as a new republic. They withdraw the secession on May 10
- May 10 - Team of Sweden wins the Ice Hockey World Championships in Prague
- May 15 - The Genoa Expo '92 World's Fair opens in Genoa, Italy
- May 16 - STS-49: Space Shuttle Endeavour lands safely after a successful maiden voyage
- May 19 - Amy Fisher shoots at Mary Jo Buttafuoco
- May 23 - Mafia bomb kills Italian anti-mafia judge Giovanni Falcone
- May 26 - Charles Geschke, President of Adobe Systems is kidnapped from his company car park. Kidnappers demand ransom for $650,000 - they are later apprehended

June

- June 1 - Terrorist Carlos (the Jackal) is sentenced to life imprisonment
- June 1 - Kentucky celebrates its bicentennial statehood.
- June 1 - The Pittsburgh Penguins sweep the Chicago Blackhawks in 4 games in the 1992 Stanley Cup Finals.
- June 8 - The first World Ocean Day celebrated, coinciding with the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- June 12 - Medical doctor Pravin Thakkar is sentenced for 16 years for aborting fetuses of two of his former lovers without their permission
- June 15 - During a spelling bee at a Trenton, New Jersey elementary school, U.S. Vice President Dan Quayle corrects a student's spelling of the word potato by indicating it should have an e at the end.
- June 17 - A 'Joint Understanding' agreement on arms reduction is signed by U.S. President George H.W. Bush and Russian President Boris Yeltsin (this would be later codified in START II). [http://www.fas.org/nuke/control/start2/]
- June 22 - Two skeletons excavated in Yekaterinburg are identified as Czar Nicholas II and his tsarina
- June 23 - Mafia boss John Gotti is sentenced to life in prison after being found guilty of conspiracy to commit murder and racketeering on April 2 [http://www.crimelibrary.com/gangsters_outlaws/mob_bosses/gotti/don_24.html?sect=15]
- June 26 - Denmark beat Germany 2-0 to win Euro 92 at Ullevi Stadium in Gothenburg, Sweden.
- June 29 - Bodyguard assassinates president Mohammed Boudigh of Algeria

July

- July 6-29 - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq refuses a U.N. inspection team access to the Iraqi Ministry of Agriculture. UNSCOM claimed that it had reliable information that the site contained archives related to illegal weapons activities. U.N. Inspectors stage a 17-day "sit-in" outside of the building, but leave when their safety is threatened by Iraqi soldiers
- July 10 - In Miami, Florida, former Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega is sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug and racketeering violations
- July 13 - Britain's former executioner Albert Pierrepoint dies
- July 20 - Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia
- July 22 - Near Medellín, Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar escapes from his luxury prison fearing extradiction to the United States.
- July 25 - Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

August

- August 7 - Buckingham Palace opened to the public for the first time
- August 10 - The UK government bans Ulster Defence Association, a loyalist paramilitary organisation that had been legal for twenty years.
- August 17 - US Marshalls start Siege of Ruby Ridge
- August 18 - Wang Laboratories files for bankruptcy
- August 20 - Kristiansunds connection to the main land of Norway, Krifast, opens.
- August 24 - Hurricane Andrew hits South Florida.
- August 28 - Hurricane Andrew dissipates over the Tennessee valley when it merges with a storm system. Twenty-three were killed.

September

- September 11 - Hurricane Iniki hits the Hawaiian Islands, Kauai and Oahu
- September 16 - Pound Sterling and Italian Lira forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (Black Wednesday)
- September 23 - A large IRA bomb destroys the forensic laboratories in Belfast
- September 24 - The Kentucky Supreme Court in Kentucky v. Wasson holds that laws criminalizing same-sex sodomy are unconstitutional, and accurately predicts that other states and the nation will eventually rule the same way.

October

- October 1 - Pittsburgh International Airport's new facility is opened in Findlay Township, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania The new terminal's were built as an expansion for US Air and an upgrade from the older Pittsburgh International Airport facility.
- October 2 - Riot in the Carandiru prison system in São Paulo, Brazil, which leads up to the events known as the Carandiru Massacre.
- October 4 - Plane crash in Amsterdam, Netherlands, known as the Bijlmerramp.
- October 7 - In Turkey, the farmer Tevfik Esenç, the last fluent speaker of the Ubykh language, dies.
- October 9 - A 13-kilogram (29-pound) meteorite landed in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu.
- October 15 - In Russia, Andrei Chikatilo is found guilty of 52 serial murders.
- October 17 - Yoshihiro Hattori, a 16-year-old Japanese exchange student mistakes from an address to a party, and is shot after knocking on the wrong door in Louisiana, United States. The shooter, Rodney Peairs, is acquitted by Jury causing an outrage in Japan.
- October 24 - Toronto Blue Jays win World Series in 6 games. Marking the first Canadian team to win.
- October 26 - In Canada, the Charlottetown Accord is defeated in a national referendum.
- October 29 - The Food and Drug Administration approves Depo Provera for use as a contraceptive in the United States.

November

- November 3 - Bill Clinton defeats George H. W. Bush and H. Ross Perot in the U.S. presidential election
- November 5 - In Detroit, Michigan, black motorist Malice Green is beaten to death by policemen Larry Nevers and Walter Budzyn during a struggle (the officers were later convicted and sentenced to prison)
- November 11 - The Church of England votes to allow women to become priests.
- November 20 - In England, a fire breaks out in the Private Chapel room of Windsor Castle, rages for 15 hours, and seriously damages the northwest side of the building (an investigation found that the fire was ignited after a spotlight came into contact with a curtain over an extended period).
- November 24 - In the People's Republic of China, a China Southern Airlines domestic flight crashes, killing all 141 people on-board
- November 24 - Queen Elizabeth II describes this year as an Annus Horribilis (horrible year) due to various scandals damaging the image of the Royal Family
- November 25 - The Czechoslovakia Federal Assembly votes to split the country into the Czech Republic and Slovakia starting on January 1, 1993
- November 30 - A murder trial of 14 South Vietnamese accused of murder of 24 North Vietnamese begins in Hong Kong (ends November 29, 1994)

December

- December 3 - UN Security Council Resolution 794 is unanimously passed, approving a coalition of United Nations peacekeepers led by the United States to form UNITAF, tasked with ensuring humanitarian aid gets distributed and establishing peace in Somalia.
- December 3 - The Greek oil tanker Aegean Sea carrying 80,000 tonnes of crude oil runs aground in a storm while on approach to La Coruña, Spain, and spills much of its cargo
- December 4 - US military forces invade Somalia.
- December 5 - Kent Conrad of North Dakota resigns his seat in the United States Senate and is sworn into the other seat from North Dakota, becoming the only US Senator ever to have held two seats on the same day.
- December 6 - Hindu activists destroy the Babri Mosque in Ayodhya, India, triggering religious violence around the country.
- December 8 - Last blast fired in Falu Copper Mine in Sweden. The end of a millennium of continuous operation.
- December 20 - The Folies Bergere music hall in Paris, France closes.
- December 29 - Brazil's president Fernando Collor de Mello resigns, following charges that he stole more than $32 million from the government and impeachment precedings.

Unknown Dates

- The Council for National Academic Awards, UK is wound up.
- Pope John Paul II issues an apology and lifts the edict of Inquisition against Galileo Galilei
- The largest shopping mall in the US, Minnesota's Mall of America is constructed spanning 78 acres (316,000 m²)
- Carsington Reservoir opened in England after nearly 20 years planning and construction.
- Image Comics is founded by a number of former Marvel artists, seeking to create a company where creators were given exclusive ownership of their creations.

Fictional Events

- January 12 HAL 9000 is purported to become operational at the H.A.L. plant in Urbana, Illinois.
- The events of the novel Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? take place.

Births

For more 1992 births see :Category:1992 births
- January 10 - Eric & Brandon Billings, Twin American actors
- January 19 - Logan Lerman, American actor
- January 21 - Logan O'Brien, American actor
- February 14 - Freddie Highmore, British actor
- March 15 - Sosie Bacon, American actress
- March 21 - Bobby Preston, American actor
- April 15 - Richard Sandrak, American bodybuilder and actor
- May 18 - Spencer Breslin, American actor
- June 7 - Jordan Fry, American Actor
- June 12 - Ryan Malgarini, American actor
- June 14 - Daryl Sabara, American voice actor
- July 13 - Dylan Patton, American actor and model
- August 4 - Dylan and Cole Sprouse, Twin child actors
- September 19 - Gavin Fink, American actor
- October 9 - Tyler James Williams, American actor
- October 15 - Vincent Martella, American actor
- October 30 - Tequan Richmond, American actor
- November 25 - Zack Shada, American actor
- November 30 - Dylan Smith, American actor
- December 23 - Spencer Daniels, American actor

Deaths

January-April

- January 3 - Dame Judith Anderson, Australian actress (b. 1897)
- January 9 - Bill Naughton, British playwright (b. 1910)
- January 23 - Freddie Bartholomew, Irish actor (b. 1924)
- January 26 - José Ferrer, Puerto Rican actor (b. 1912)
- January 27 - Allan Jones, American actor and singer (b. 1908)
- January 29 - Willie Dixon, American composer and musician (b. 1915)
- February 2 - Bert Parks, American game show host (b. 1914)
- February 4 - Lisa Fonssagrives, Swedish model (b. 1911)
- February 10 - Alex Haley, American author (b. 1921)
- February 12 - Bep van Klaveren, Dutch boxer (b. 1907)
- February 20 - Dick York, American actor (b. 1928)
- March 2 - Sandy Dennis, American actress (b. 1939)
- March 9 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1913)
- March 23 - Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
- March 29 - Paul Henreid, Austrian-born actor (b. 1908)
- April 5 - Molly Picon, American actress (b. 1898)
- April 6 - Isaac Asimov, Russian-born author (b. 1920)
- April 8 - Daniel Bovet, Swiss-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1907)
- April 18 - Benny Hill, British comedian and actor
- April 21 - Grand Duke Vladimir Cyrillovitch of Russia (b. 1917)
- April 23 - Satyajit Ray, Indian filmmaker (b. 1921)
- April 27 - Olivier Messiaen, French composer (b. 1908)
- April 28 - Francis Bacon, Irish-born painter (b. 1909)

May-December

- May 6 - Marlene Dietrich, German actress (b. 1901)
- May 12 - Robert Reed, American actor (b. 1932
- May 17 - Lawrence Welk, American musician (b. 1903)
- May 22 - Tony Accardo, American gangster (b. 1906)
- May 23 - Giovanni Falcone, Italian judge (b. 1939)
- June 22 - Chuck Mitchell, American actor (b. 1927)
- July 15 - Hammer DeRoburt, first President of Nauru (b. 1922)
- August 5 - Jeff Porcaro, American musician (b. 1954)
- August 12 - John Cage, American composer (b. 1912)
- August - Mark Heard, American singer (b. 1951)
- September 2 - Barbara McClintock, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1902)
- October 7 - Tevfik Esenç, last known speaker of Ubykh (b. 1904)
- October 8 - Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1913)
- October 17 - Yoshihiro Hattori, Japanese exchange student (b. 1975)
- October 19 - Arthur Wint, Jamaican runner (b. 1920)
- October 25 - Roger Miller, American singer (b. 1936)
- October 27 - David Bohm, American-born physicist, philosopher, and neuropsychologist (b. 1917)
- November 22 - Sterling Holloway, American actor (b. 1905)
- December 18 - Mark Goodson, American game show producer (b. 1915)
- December 21 - Nathan Milstein, Ukrainian-born violinist (b. 1903)
- December 22 - Albert King, American musician (b. 1930)

Unknown date

- E. Harold Munn, American activist (b. 1903)

Nobel Prizes

- Physics - Georges Charpak
- Chemistry - Rudolph A. Marcus
- Medicine - Edmond H. Fischer, Edwin G. Krebs
- Literature - Derek Walcott
- Peace - Rigoberta Menchu Tum

Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel

- Gary Becker

Templeton Prize

- Kyung-Chik Han

Alternative

- Finnish Village Action Movement, Gonoshasthaya Kendra / Zafrullah Chowdhury, Helen Mack, John Gofman and Alla Yaroshinskaya
- als:1992 ko:1992년 ms:1992 ja:1992年 simple:1992 th:พ.ศ. 2535

R. Crumb

Robert Crumb (born August 30, 1943 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an artist and illustrator who signs his work "R. Crumb". Crumb was a founder of the underground comics movement, and is often regarded as the most prominent figure in that movement. Though Crumb is among the most celebrated of comic book artists, his entire career has unfolded outside the mainstream comic book publishing industry. One of his most recognized works is the Keep On Truckin’ drawing, which became widely popular and a fixture in pop-culture. In the mid 1960s, Crumb lived in Cleveland, Ohio with his first wife, Dana Morgan Crumb, where he designed greeting cards for the American Greetings corporation. Encouraged by the reaction to some drawings he had published in underground newspapers, including Philadelphia's Yarrowstalks, Crumb moved to San Francisco, California, the center of the psychedelic flower power movement, in 1967. Crumb published the first issue of his Zap Comix in early 1968. 1968 Crumb used antiquated early-century cartoon styles to produce satirical stories that were sexually and politically outrageous, particularly so when seen in the form of a comic book. He soon attracted a number of other artists who were excited by the possibilities of publishing countercultural comic books. Crumb shared the pages of later issues of Zap with such artists as Spain Rodriguez, Rick Griffin, S. Clay Wilson, Victor Moscoso, Robert Williams and Gilbert Shelton. In the pages of Zap, the East Village Other, OZ magazine, and scores of other comix, underground newspapers, and countercultural publications, Crumb created characters that became icons of the anti-establishment counterculture, including "Mr. Natural" and "Fritz the Cat". Crumb's work was suddenly in great demand, and Crumb himself became an anti-establishment icon, a figure who genuinely resisted "selling out". His friend Janis Joplin hired him to draw the artwork for the cover of her band's album Cheap Thrills, but Crumb rejected an offer to illustrate an album cover for the Rolling Stones because he hated the band's music. Animation director Ralph Bakshi made a feature-length animated film of Fritz the Cat (the first animated film to garner an "X" rating), and the film was a box-office hit. Crumb disliked the film so much that he killed the fictional cat in his comics (an ostrich-woman stabbed the pompous movie-star Fritz in the head with an ice pick), and has since refused other lucrative offers to base films on his work. Fritz the Cat) by Big Brother and the Holding Company]] Robert Crumb’s cartooning style draws elements from many cartoon artists of earlier generations, including Billy De Beck (Barney Google), C.E. Brock (an old story book illustrator), Gene Ahern’s comic strips, George Baker (Sad Sack), the Merrie Melodies animated characters of the 1930s, Sidney Smith (The Gumps), Rube Goldberg work, E.C. Segar (Popeye), and Bud Fisher (Mutt and Jeff). Crumb has cited Carl Barks (who drew early Disney "Duck" cartoons) and John Stanley as formative influences on his narrative approach, as well as Harvey Kurtzman, the comics artist who was also the founding editor of Mad. Crumb's comic artwork has elicited sharply divided commentary from his readers and critics. He has been hailed as one of the century's greatest artists, and compared to literary satirists such as Rabelais, Jonathan Swift, and Mark Twain; art critic Robert Hughes has likened Crumb to Breughel and Goya. Others, including comics historian Trina Robbins, denounce Crumb's work as misogynistic pornography, socially degrading and emotionally immature. Crumb has admitted that he has an abnormal "fear of women." Crumb created and edited the Weirdo alternative comics anthology in the early 1980s, and he remains a prominent figure, as both artist and influence, within the alternative comics milieu. While Crumb's career has unfolded outside the mainstream comic book publishing industry, he has done covers for New Yorker magazine. Harvey Pekar was a friend who shared Crumb's love of 78 records. Pekar solicited Crumb's help to illustrate an autobiographical series of comics about Pekar's own life called American Splendor, which was later made into a movie of the same name. Crumb's role in that film was portayed by James Urbaniak. A theatrical production based on his work was produced at Duke University in the early 1990s. Directed by Johnny Simons, the development of the play was supervised by Crumb, who also served as set designer, drawing larger-than-life representations of some of his most famous characters all over the floors and walls of the set. The 1994 documentary film Crumb which looks at Crumb's work in relation to his troubled family life, made a younger audience aware of Crumb and his work. The film was directed by Crumb's longtime friend Terry Zwigoff. In the mid-1990s, Crumb traded six of his sketchbooks for a house in the small town of Sauve, in the Languedoc-Roussillon region in the South of France where he and his wife, Aline Kominsky-Crumb (also a well-known "underground" cartoonist) and their daughter, Sophie (herself a comic artist) moved. He plays banjo in the band Les Primitifs du Futur. He also has his own band, R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders, who produced three albums in the 1970s. Crumb is an avid collector of 78 rpm phonograph records; he has over 5000 records as of 2004. In 2003, the collection was the source for Hot Women: Women Singers From The Torrid Regions Of The World, his compilation of world music from Mexico, Cuba, Turkey, Burma, and Tahiti. All but two of the 24 tracks were recorded between 1927 and 1934. Crumb is currently working on an adaptation of the Book of Genesis, which is currently scheduled to see print in the fall of 2007.

External links

- [http://www.rcrumbhandbook.com The R. Crumb handbook]
- [http://www.rcrumb.net/ Official R. Crumb website] from a member of the Crumb family
- [http://www.poeforward.com/poeveranda/pi/artists/illustrators/crumb.htm Robert & Maxon Crumb info gateway]
- [http://dir.salon.com/people/bc/2000/05/02/crumb/index.html May 2000 article about R. Crumb] from salon.com
- [http://www.rootsworld.com/reviews/worldmusette.html Les Primitifs du Futur (review)]
- [http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/crumb/0,15829,1430764,00.html Guardian with a one-week Special Report] March, 2005
- [http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F19950526%2FREVIEWS%2F505260302%2F1023&AID1=%2F19950526%2FREVIEWS%2F505260302%2F1023&AID2= Review of the documentary on Crumb] by Roger Ebert
- [http://www.lambiek.net/artists/index.htm Lambiek Int'l Comic-Artists Encyclopedia (for finding info on R. Crumb's early comic-artist influences)]
- [http://www.toonopedia.com Toonopedia (for info on R. Crumb and his early comic-artist influences)]
- [http://members.tripod.com/jakemw/contents.htm Naturally...] - fansite
- [http://web.comhem.se/~u87008863/index.htm looking for crumb?] - fansite
- [http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051120/REVIEWS08/511200301 Ebert's 'Great Movies' Review of Zwiggof's 'Crumb'] Crumb, Robert Crumb, Robert Crumb, Robert Crumb, Robert Crumb, Robert Crumb, Robert Crumb, Robert Crumb, Robert simple:Robert Crumb

Tom Wilson (cartoonist)

For the record producer, see Tom Wilson. Tom Wilson is the creator of the comic strip Ziggy, and drew it from 1971 to 1988. After that it was continued by his son, Tom Wilson II.

Ask Shagg

Ask Shagg is a syndicated comic strip drawn by Peter Guren.

External links

- [http://www.askshagg.com/ Official site]

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Category:Marok Category:Marok Chaïbia (prononcîz Chaybiya), c' est li ptit no, et l' no d' årtisse da Chaïbia Tallal, ene pondeuse nayive marokinne. Elle a skepyî a Tnine Chtouka, el province d' El Djadida e 1929, et mori d' ene atake å cour li 2 d' avri 2004 a Category:Marok Category:Marok Chaïbia (prononcîz Chaybiya), c' est li ptit no, et l' no d' årtisse da Chaïbia Tallal, ene pondeuse nayive marokinne. Elle a skepyî a Tnine Chtouka, el province d' El Djadida e 1929, et mori d' ene atake å cour li 2 d' avri 2004 a
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