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Cannes Film Festival

Cannes Film Festival

right right The Cannes Film Festival (French: le Festival international du film de Cannes or simply le Festival de Cannes) is the world's most prestigious film festival, first held from September 20 to October 5, 1946 in the resort town of Cannes, in the south of France. Since then, it has been held annually in May with a few exceptions. Given massive media exposure, the non-public Festival is attended by many movie stars and is a popular venue for movie producers to launch their new films and attempt to sell their works to the distributors who come from all over the globe. The most prestigious award given out at Cannes is the Palme d'Or (Golden Palm) for the best film; this is sometimes shared by multiple films in one year. The jury of the festival, made of a small international selection of movie professionals, however grants other awards, include the "grand prize" (the second most prestigious award).

Golden Palm winners

:See a list of winners at Palme d'Or

Other awards

Palme d'Or Feature Films
- Grand Prix
- Prix de la mise en scène
- Prix du Jury
- Prix du scénario
- Prix d'interprétation féminine du Festival de Cannes
- Prix d'interprétation masculine du Festival de Cannes
- Prix un certain regard Short Films
- Palme d'Or du Festival de Cannes - court métrage
- Prix du Jury - court métrage

Winners of the Palme d'Or by country of origin

Related topics


- 2004 Cannes Film Festival
- 2005 Cannes Film Festival

Cannes portrayed on film


- Evening in Byzantium (1978). The film festival is overtaken by terrorists. Directed by Jerry London and starring Glenn Ford and Eddie Albert. From a novel by Irwin Shaw.
- Almost Perfect Affair (1979). A romantic comedy about an affair between a filmmaker and a producer's wife, set during the film festival. Starring Keith Carradine.
- La Cité de la peur (1994). Comedy. Directed by Alain Berberian. Starring Alain Chabat, Chantal Lauby, Gérard Darmon.
- Grosse Fatigue (1994). Comedy.
- Festival in Cannes (2001). Entertainment industry farce about filmmakers trying to make deals during the Cannes film festival. Directed by Henry Jaglom and starring Greta Scacchi, Maximilian Schell and Ron Silver.
- Femme Fatale (2002). After pulling off a risky heist during the Cannes film festival, Laure double-crosses her partners and tries to disappear by assuming the identity of a dead woman. Directed by Brian De Palma and starring Rebecca Romijn and Antonio Banderas.

External links


- [http://www.festival-cannes.com/index.php?langue=6002 Cannes Festival official website in English]
- [http://www.cannesguide.com Cannes - A Festival Virgin's Guide] - resources and information for festival attendees.
- [http://www.cannes-festival.com The Cannes Film Festival Blog]
- [http://www.UKHotMovies.com/festival/Cannes Cannes Film Festival - A Potted History]
- [http://www.twoop.com/movies_tv/archives/2005/10/cannes_film_festival.html Cannes Film Festivel] - Historical timeline Category:Film awards Category:Film festivals Category:Cannes ko:칸 영화제 ja:カンヌ国際映画祭 simple:Cannes Film Festival

French language

French (French: français) is the third of the Romance languages in terms of number of speakers, after Spanish and Portuguese, being spoken by about 67 million people as a mother tongue, and altogether by some 128 million people, which includes second-language speakers who use French for daily communication. French is thus the 18th most spoken language in the world by number of native speakers, and 9th in terms of daily speakers. It is an official language in 29 countries. It is also an official or administrative language in various communities and organisations (such as the European Union, IOC, United Nations and Universal Postal Union). Before World War II, French was considered the international language, particularly in such fields as diplomacy, trade, shipping, and transportation.

History

The Roman invasion of Gaul

The French language is a Romance language, meaning that it is descended from Latin. Before the Roman invasion of what is modern-day France by Julius Cæsar (58–52 BC), France was inhabited largely by a Celtic people that the Romans referred to as Gauls, although there were also other linguistic/ethnic groups in France at this time, such as the Iberians in southern France and Spain, the Ligurians on the Mediterranean coast, Greek colonies such as Massalia (i.e. present-day Marseille), Phoenician outposts, and the Vascons on the Spanish/French border. Although in the past many Frenchmen liked to refer to their descent from Gallic ancestors (nos ancêtres les Gaulois), perhaps fewer than 200 words with a Celtic etymological origin remain in French today (largely place and plant names and words dealing with rural life and the earth). In the reverse direction, some words for Gallic objects which were new to the Romans and for which there were no words in Latin were imported into Latin – for example, clothing items such as les braies. Latin quickly became the lingua franca of the entire Gallic region for mercantile, official and educational purposes, yet it should be remembered that this was Vulgar Latin, the colloquial dialect spoken by the Roman army and its agents and not the literary dialect of Cicero.

The Franks

From the third century on, Western Europe was invaded by Germanic tribes from the east, and some of these groups settled in Gaul. For the history of the French language, the most important of these groups are the Franks in northern France, the Alemanni in the German/French border, the Burgundians in the Rhone valley and the Visigoths in the Aquitaine region and Spain. These Germanic-speaking groups had a profound effect on the Latin spoken in their respective regions, altering both the pronunciation and the syntax. They also introduced a number of new words: perhaps as much as 15% of modern French comes from Germanic words, including many terms and expressions associated with their social structure and military tactics.

Langue d'Oïl

Linguists typically divide the languages spoken in medieval France into three geographical subgroups: Langue d'oïl and Langue d'oc are the two major groups; the third group, Franco-Provençal, is considered a transitional language between the two other groups. The Oïl–Oc divide is broadly comparable to the divide illustrated by the use of "yes" in English and "aye" in Scots. Langue d'oïl, the languages which use oïl (in modern usage, oui) for "yes", is the language group in the north of France. These languages, like Picard, Walloon, Francien and Norman, were influenced by the Germanic languages spoken by the Frankish invaders. From the time period Clovis I on, the Franks extended their rule over northern Gaul. Over time, the French language developed from either the Oïl language found around Paris (the Francien theory) or from a standard administrative language based on common characteristics found in all Oïl languages (the lingua franca theory). Langue d'oc, the languages which use oc for "yes", is the language group in the south of France and northern Spain. These languages, such as Gascon and Provençal, have relatively little Frankish influence. (Modern French has two words for "yes", oui and si; the latter is used to contradict negative statements. Si derives from Latin sic "thus", and is cognate to the word for "yes" in Spanish, Italian, and Catalan. Oïl/oui derive, according to Larousse, from Latin hoc ille "thus he (did)".)

Other linguistic groups

The early middle ages also saw the influence of other linguistic groups on the dialects of France: From the 5th to the 8th centuries, Celtic-speaking peoples from southwestern Britain (Wales, Cornwall, Devon) travelled across the English Channel, both for reasons of trade and as a result of the Anglo-Saxon invasions of England. They established themselves in Bretagne (Brittany). Their language was a dialect of the Brythonic languages, which has been named Breton in more recent centuries. It is part of the larger Celtic language family, though the modern dialects reflect a noticeable influence from French in their vocabulary. From the 6th to the 7th centuries, the Vascons crossed over the Pyrénées, a mountain range in the south of France. Their presence influenced the Occitan language spoken in southwestern France, resulting in the dialect called Gascon. Scandinavian vikings invaded France from the 9th century onwards and established themselves in what would come to be called Normandie (Normandy). They took up the langue d'oïl spoken there and contributed many words to French related to maritime activities, amongst other things. With their conquest of England in 1066, the Normans brought their language. The dialect that developed there as a language of administration and literature is referred to as Anglo-Norman. Anglo-Norman served as the language of the ruling classes and commerce in England from the time of the conquest until 1362, when the use of English became dominant again. Because of the Norman Conquest, the English language has borrowed a considerable amount of its vocabulary from French. The Arab peoples also supplied many words to French around this time period, including words for luxury goods, spices, trade stuffs, sciences and mathematics.

History of French

For the period up to around 1300, some linguists refer to the oïl languages collectively as Old French (ancien français). The earliest extant text in French is the Oaths of Strasbourg from 842; Old French became a literary language with the chansons de geste that told tales of the paladins of Charlemagne and the heroes of the Crusades. By the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts in 1539 King Francis I made French the official language of administration and court proceedings in France, ousting the Latin that had been used before then. With the imposition of a standardised chancery dialect and the loss of the declension system, the dialect is referred to as Middle French (moyen français). Following a period of unification, regulation and purification, the French of the 17th to the 18th centuries is sometimes referred to as Classical French (français classique), although many linguists simply refer to French language from the 17th century to today as Modern French (français moderne). The foundation of the Académie française (French Academy) in 1634 by Cardinal Richelieu created an official body whose goal has been the purification and preservation of the French language. This group of 40 members is known as the Immortals, not, as some erroneously believe, because they are chosen to serve for the extent of their lives (which they are), but because of the inscription engraved on the official seal given to them by their founder Richelieu—"À l'immortalité" ("to the Immortality (of the French language)"). The foundation still exists and contributes to the policing of the language and the adaptation of foreign words and expressions. Some recent modifications include the change from software to logiciel, packet-boat to paquebot, and riding-coat to redingote. The word ordinateur for computer was however not created by the Académie, but by a linguist appointed by IBM (see :fr:ordinateur). From the 17th to the 19th centuries, France was the leading power of continental Europe; thanks to this, together with the influence of the Enlightenment, French was the lingua franca of educated Europe, especially with regards to the arts, literature, and diplomacy; monarchs like Frederick II of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia could both speak and write in French. Through the Académie, public education, centuries of official control and the role of media, a unified official French language has been forged, but there remains a great deal of diversity today in terms of regional accents and words. For some critics, the "best" pronunciation of the French language is considered to be the one used in Touraine (around Tours and the Loire River valley), but such value judgments are fraught with problems, and with the ever increasing loss of lifelong attachments to a specific region and the growing importance of the national media, the future of specific "regional" accents is difficult to predict.

Modern issues

There is some debate in today's France about the preservation of the French language and the influence of English (see franglais), especially with regard to international business, the sciences and popular culture. There have been laws (see Toubon law) enacted which require that all print ads and billboards with foreign expressions include a French translation and which require quotas of French-language songs (at least 40%) on the radio. There is also pressure, in differing degrees, from some regions as well as minority political or cultural groups for a measure of recognition and support for their regional languages.

Geographic distribution

regional language
French is an official language in the following countries or parts thereof: La Francophonie is an international organization of French-speaking countries and governments.

Legal status in France

Per the Constitution of France, French is the official language of the Republic since 1792 [http://www.languefrancaise.net/dossiers/dossiers.php?id_dossier=50]. France mandates the use of French in official government publications, public education outside of specific cases (though these dispositions are often ignored) and legal contracts; advertisements must bear a translation of foreign words. See Toubon Law. Contrary to a misunderstanding common in the American and British media, France does not prohibit the use of foreign words in websites or any other private publication, which would anyway contradict constitutional guarantees on freedom of speech. The misunderstanding may have arisen from a similar prohibition in the Canadian province of Quebec which made strict application of the Charter of the French Language between 1977 and 1993, although these regulations addressed language used in advertising and the provision of commercial services offered within the province, not the language of private communication. There exist in addition to French a variety of languages spoken in France by minorities; see Languages of France.

Legal status in Canada

About 12% of the world's francophones are Canadian, and French is one of Canada's two official languages, with English; various provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms deal with the right of Canadians to access services in English and French all across Canada. By law, the federal government must operate and provide services in both English and French; proceedings of the Parliament of Canada must be translated into both English and French; and all Canadian products must be labelled in both English and French. Overall about 22% of Canadians speak French as a first language and 18% are bilingual. French has been the only official language of Quebec since 1974, although it is commonly (and incorrectly) believed that the designation of French as the sole official language occurred in 1977 with the adoption of the Charter of the French Language (which is popularly referred to as Bill 101). By far the provision of Bill 101 with the most significant impact has been that which mandates French-language education, unless a child's parents or siblings have received the major part of their own education in English within Canada. That provision has reversed a historical trend whereby a large number of immigrant children were being sent to English schools by their parents. In so doing, Bill 101 has greatly contributed to the "visage français" (French face) of Quebec. Other provisions of Bill 101, on the other hand, have been ruled unconstitutional over the years, including those mandating French-only commercial signs, court proceedings, and debates in the legislature. Some of those provisions have remained in effect, for a while, using the constitutional "notwithstanding" clause that permits a non-compliant law to temporarily remain. No "notwithstanding provision" is currently in effect. In 1993 the Charter was changed to allow signage in other languages so long as French is markedly "predominant". The Charter also provides for a measure of access by Anglophones to health and social services in their own language. The only province which has French as an official language is New Brunswick. In Ontario and Manitoba, French does not have full official status, although the provincial governments do provide full French-language services in all communities where significant numbers of francophones live. All of the other provinces do make some effort to accommodate the needs of their francophone citizens, although the level and quality of French-language service varies significantly from province to province.

Legal status in Switzerland

French is an official language in Switzerland. It is spoken in the part of Switzerland called Romandy.

Dialects of French


- Acadian French
- African French
- Belgian French
- Cajun French
- Canadian French
- Cambodian French
- Louisiana Creole French
- français d'Aoste
- français-germanique
- Indian French
- Levantine French
- Maghreb French
- Newfoundland French
- North American French
- Oceanic French
- Quebec French
- South East Asian French
- Swiss French
- West Indian French
- [http://www.linguasphere.org/langues_romanes.pdf linguasphere on Romance languages]

Languages derived from French


- Antillean Creole
- Haitian Creole
- Lanc-Patuá
- Mauritian Creole
- Michif
- Louisiana Creole French
- Réunionese Creole
- Seychellois Creole
- Tay Boi

Sounds

:Main article: French phonology and orthography French pronunciation follows strict rules based on spelling, but French spelling is often based more on history than phonology. The rules for pronunciation vary between dialects, but the standard rules are:
- liaison or linking: Final single consonants, in particular s, x, z, t, d, n and m, are normally silent. (The final letters 'c', 'r', 'f', and 'l' however are normally pronounced.) When the following word begins with a vowel, though, a silent consonant may once again be pronounced, to provide a "link" between the two words and avoid a glottal stop between them. Some liaisons are mandatory, for example the s in les amants or vous avez; some are optional, depending on dialect and register, for example the first s in deux cents euros or euros irlandais; and some are forbidden, for example the s in beaucoup d'hommes aiment. The t of et is never pronounced and the silent final consonant of a noun is only pronounced in the plural and in set phrases like pied-à-terre. Doubling a final consonant and adding a silent e at the end of a word (e.g. Parisien → Parisienne) makes it clearly pronounced, always.
- elision or vowel dropping: Monosyllabic words such as je or que drop their final vowel before another word beginning with a vowel. The missing vowel is replaced by an apostrophe. (e.g. je ai is instead pronounced and spelt → j'ai)
- nasal "n" and "m". When "n" or "m" follows a vowel combination, the "n" and "m" become silent and cause the preceding vowel to become nasalized (i.e. pronounced with the soft palate extended downward so as to allow part of the air to leave through the nostrils). Exceptions are when the "n" or "m" is doubled, or immediately followed by a vowel. The prefixes en- and em- are always nasalized. The rules get more complex than this but may vary between dialects.
- digraphs French does not introduce extra letters or diacritics to specify its large range of vowel sounds and diphthongs, rather it uses specific combinations of vowels, sometimes with following consonants, to show which sound is intended. (See French phonology and orthography or [http://www.languageguide.org/francais/grammar/pronunciation/ French Pronunciation Guide] for more details.)
- accents are used sometimes for pronunciation, sometimes to distinguish similar words, and sometimes for etymology alone.
  - Accents that affect pronunciation:
    - "é", is pronounced instead of the defaults or,
    - "è" (e.g., secrète) means that the vowel is pronounced (as usual),
    - dieresis (e.g. naïve, Noël) as in English, specifies that this vowel is pronounced separately from the preceding one (or following one in some cases), not combined,
    - the "ç" means that the letter c is pronounced in front of A, O, or U. ("c" is otherwise hard before a hard vowel.)
    - The circumflex (e.g. pâté, forêt) shows that an e is pronounced and that an o is pronounced . In some dialects it also signifies a pronunciation of for the letter a, but this differentiation is disappearing. It usually indicates a former long vowel created by the dropping of an "s" from the Latin root (as in English "paste", "forest"),
  - Accents with no pronunciation effect:
    - The circumflex does not affect the pronunciation of the letters i or u, and in most dialects, a as well.
    - All other accents are used only to distinguish similar words or for etymological reasons, as in the case of distinguishing the adverbs là and où ("there", "where") from the article la and the conjunction ou ("the fem. sing.", "or") respectively.

Grammar

:Main article: French grammar French grammar shares several notable features with most other Romance languages, including:
- the loss of Latin's declensions
- only two grammatical genders
- the development of grammatical articles from Latin demonstratives
- new tenses formed from auxiliaries French word order is Subject Verb Object, except when the object is a pronoun, in which case the word order is Subject Object Verb.

Vocabulary

Word origins

The majority of French words derive from vernacular or "vulgar" Latin or were constructed from Latin or Greek roots. There are often pairs of words, one form being popular (noun) and the other one savant (adjective), both originating from Latin. Example:
- brother: frère (brother) / fraternel
- finger: doigt / digital
- faith: foi (faith) / fidèle
- cold: froid / frigide
- eye: œil / oculaire The French words which have developed from Latin are usually less recognisable than Italian words of Latin origin because as French developed into a separate language from Vulgar Latin, the unstressed final syllable of many words was dropped or elided into the following word. It is estimated that 12 percent (4,200) of common French words found in a typical dictionary such as the Petit Larousse or Micro-Robert Plus (35,000 words) are of foreign origin. About 25 percent (1,054) of these foreign words come from English and are fairly recent borrowings. The others are some 707 words from Italian, 550 from ancient Germanic languages, 481 from ancient Gallo-Romance languages, 215 from Arabic, 164 from German, 160 from Celtic languages, 159 from Spanish, 153 from Dutch, 112 from Persian and Sanskrit, 101 from Native American languages, 89 from other Asian languages, 56 from Afro-Asiatic languages, 55 from Slavic languages and Baltic languages, and 144 from other languages (3 percent of the total). Source: Henriette Walter, Gérard Walter, Dictionnaire des mots d'origine étrangère, 1998.

Levels of register

French, like many other languages, possesses a continuum of several levels of register. The colloquial register is used in almost any circumstance of life, and should not be confused with slang or rude talk. Formal French is used in writing or in formal occasions (when people make official speeches or when they are interviewed on television, for instance). Some level of formality is also normally used in classrooms in France, although colloquial French is now spoken by more and more professors with their students. Colloquial French differs from formal French in terms of grammar. For instance, the negation in formal French is "ne... pas", whereas in colloquial French it is simply "... pas", such as "I don't think so", which is "Je ne crois pas" in formal French, and "Je crois pas" in colloquial French. Another example of change in grammar is the way to ask a question: by inverting verb and subject in formal French, or also by using "est-ce que", whereas in colloquial French a question is phrased exactly as an affirmation, with the voice rising in the end. E.g.: "Is he sick?" would be "Est-il malade?" or "Est-ce qu'il est malade?" in formal French, and "Il est malade?" in colloquial French. On the other hand, questions with "est-ce que" are more colloquial than using inversion. Secondly, colloquial French differs from formal French in terms of pronunciation. Some words undergo shortening, or sound change, whereas some syllables are dropped altogether. For instance, "yes" is "oui" in formal French, and becomes "ouais" in colloquial French; "I" is "je" in formal French, but becomes "j' " in colloquial French; so a sentence like "I think he'll come" is "Je pense qu'il viendra" in formal French, and "J'pense qu'i'viendra" in colloquial French. There are many instances of shortening of words, such as "teacher", which is "professeur" in formal French, but becomes "prof'" in colloquial French.

Counting system

The French counting system is partially vigesimal: twenty () is used as a base number in the names of numbers from 70-99. So for example, means 4 times 20, i.e. is the French word for 80, and (literally "sixty-fifteen") means 75. This is comparable to archaic English use of "score", as in "fourscore and seven" (87), or "threescore and ten" (70). Belgian French and Swiss French are different in this respect.

Writing system

French is written using the Latin alphabet, plus five diacritics (the circumflex accent, acute accent, grave accent, diaeresis, and cedilla) and two ligatures (æ, œ). French spelling, like English spelling, tends to preserve obsolete pronunciation rules. This is mainly due to extreme phonetic changes since the Old French period, without a corresponding change in spelling. However, some conscious changes were also made to restore Latin orthography:
- Old French doit > French doigt "finger" (Latin digitum)
- Old French pie > French pied "foot" (Latin pedem) As a result, it is nearly impossible to predict the spelling on the basis of the sound alone. Final consonants are generally silent, except when the following word begins with a vowel. For example, all of these words end in a vowel sound: nez, pied, aller, les, finit, beaux. The same words followed by a vowel, however, may sound the consonants, as they do in these examples: beaux-arts, les amis, pied-à-terre. On the other hand, a given spelling will almost always lead to a predictable sound, and the Académie française works hard to enforce and update this correspondence. In particular, a given vowel combination or diacritic predictably leads to one phoneme. The diacritics have phonetic, semantic, and etymological significance.
- grave accent (à, è, ù): Over a or u, used only to distinguish homophones: à ("to") vs. a ("has"), ou ("or") vs. où ("where"). Over an e, indicates the sound .
- acute accent (é): Over an e, indicates the sound , the ai sound in such words as English hay or neigh. It often indicates the historical deletion of a following consonant (usually an s): écouter < escouter.
- circumflex (â, ê, î, ô û): Over an e or o, indicates the sound or , respectively. Most often indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter (usually an s or a vowel): château < castel, fête < feste, sûr < seur, dîner < disner. By extension, it has also come to be used to distinguish homophones: du ("of the") vs. dû (past participle of devoir "to owe"; note that dû is in fact written thus because of a dropped e: deu).
- diaeresis or tréma (ë, ï, ü): Indicates that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one: naïve, Noël. Diaeresis on ÿ only occurs in some proper names (such as l'Haÿ-les-Roses) and in modern editions of old French texts. Since the 1990 orthographic rectifications, the diaeresis in words containing guë (such as aiguë or ciguë) was moved onto the u: aigüe, cigüe. Words coming from German retain the old Umlaut if applicable but uses French pronounciation, such as capharnaüm(mess).
- cedilla (ç): Indicates that an etymological c is pronounced when it would otherwise be pronounced /k/. Thus je lance "I throw" (with c = before e), je lançai "I threw" (c would be pronounced before a without the cedilla). The ligature œ is a mandatory contraction of oe in certain words (sœur "sister" , œuvre "work [of art]" , cœur "heart" , cœlacanthe "Coelacanth" ), sometimes in words of Greek origin, spelled with an οι diphthong which became oe in Latin, pronounced in French (and other Romance languages): œsophage , œnologie . It may also appear in œu digraph (or œ alone in œil "eye"), in words that were once written with eu digraph (which could be read or , depending on the word): bœuf "ox" (Old French buef or beuf), mœurs "custom", œil "eye" , etc. In these cases, the Latin etymon must be spelled with an o where the French word has œu: bovem > bœuf, mores > mœurs, oculum > œil. Some attempts have been made to reform French spelling, but few major changes have been made over the last two centuries.

Some common phrases


- French: français ("fran-seh")
- hello: bonjour ("bon-zhoor")
- I love you.: Je t'aime. ("jhe tem")
- My name is _____: Je m'appelle _____ ("jhe-ma-pelle")
- good-bye: au revoir ("o-ruh-vwar")
- please: s'il vous plaît (Literally: if it please you) ("sill voo pleh")
- thank you: merci ("mairr-see")
- you are welcome: de rien (Literally: Of nothing) ("duh ryeh"), je vous en prie, il n'y a pas de quoi (France); bienvenue ("byeh-venuh") (Quebec)
- that one: celui-là ("su-lwee la"), colloq. ("swee la"), or celle-là (feminine) ("cell-la")
- how much?: combien? ("kom-byen")
- English: anglais ("ahng-gleh")
- yes: oui ("wee"), colloq. ouais (seldom written) ("way")
- no: non ("non")
- I am sorry: Je suis désolé(e). (add the "e" if the speaker is feminine); ("zhahn swee deh-zo-leh"), colloq. ("shswee deh-zo-leh"). Pardon ("par-dohn")
- I do not understand: Je ne comprends pas. ("zhuh nuh comprahn pa"), colloq. Je comprends pas (with dropping of "ne") ("shcomprahn pa")
- Where are the toilets?: Où sont les toilettes ? ("oo son leh twa-let")
- Cheers (toast to someone's health): Tchin ("chin"), Santé ("san-teh") or À la vôtre ("a la votr")
- Do you speak English?: Parlez-vous anglais ? ("par-leh voo ang-gleh") OR "Est-ce que vous parlez anglais?" ("voo par-leh ang-leh")
- Excuse me: Excusez-moi. ("eh-skyu-zay mwa")
- Good night: Bonne nuit ("bun nwee")
- Hi!: Salut ! ("sal-oo")
- I am tired: Je suis fatigué(e). (add the "e" if the speaker is feminine) ("jhe swee fah-tee-gay")
- Are you coming?: Venez vous ?, Est-ce que vous venez ? (or with close friends and relatives: tu viens?)
- I am thinking about it: J'y pense. ("jhee pahnss")
- I am going to the grocery store: Je vais à l'épicerie. ("jhe vay a lay-pee-ser-ee")
- We are going to school: On va à l'école. (colloquial) ("ohn va a lay-cohl")
- She is so pretty.: Elle est si jolie. ("el ay see jho-lee")
- our neighbors to the South: Nos voisins du sud ("noh vwah-zen due sued")
- Could you help me?: Pourriez-vous m'aider ? ("poo-ree-ay voo may-day")
- May I help you?: Puis-je vous aider? ("pwee-jha voo zay-day")
- It is the best of worlds: C'est le meilleur des mondes. ("say le may-yuhr day mohnd")
- Go to bed!: Va te coucher ! ("vah te coo-shay")
- I'm watching TV.: Je regarde la télé. ("jhe re-gard lah tay-lay")
- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. ("wee-kee-pay-dee-ah, lahns-ee-kloh-pay-dee lee-bruh")
- I am the state.: L'État, c'est moi. ("leh-tah seh-mwa")

See also


- Académie française
- common phrases in different languages
- List of English words of French origin
- List of French phrases
- French in the United States
- French Language Wikipedia
- French phrases used by English speakers
- French proverbs
- Reforms of French orthography
- Morphology of the French verb
- Louchebem
- Verlan
- French Creole languages

External links


-
- [http://www.dicts.info/dictlist1.php?k1=33 All free French dictionaries] Collection of free French dictionaries.
- [http://www.declan-software.com/french French language learning audio software]
- [http://www.window.to/french/ Learn French online]
- [http://www.academie-francaise.fr/ Académie Française]
- [http://french.about.com/library/begin/bl_begin_vocab.htm Beginning French Vocabulary]
- [http://radio-canada.ca/education/francaismicro/ Capsules linguistiques - Radio-Canada.ca]
- [http://www.moelc.moe.edu.sg/french/ Département de Français, Ministry of Education Language Centre, Singapore]
- [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=fra Ethnologue report for French]
- [http://www.sprachprofi.de.vu/english/f.htm Free online resources for learners]
- [http://www.lexilogos.com/french_language_dictionary.htm French-English : all online dictionaries]
- [http://www.jump-gate.com/languages/french/ French Language Course]
- [http://www.ielanguages.com/french.html French Language Tutorial at ielanguages.com]
- [http://www.intuxication.org/~webtypo/le_francais_facile.htm Le français facile]
- [http://portal.wikinerds.org/rapidfrench How to learn French in 10 months]
- [http://dhost.info/defu/wiki/index.php?id=French_accentuation_rules Basic tips of French accentuation]
- [http://www.languagehelpers.com/words/french/basics.html LanguageHelpers]
- [http://www.lightandmatter.com/french/ Liberté, an online first-year French textbook]
- [http://www.listenandlearn.org/learn/french/index.php Learn French by reading and listening]
- [http://www.how-to-learn-any-language.com/e/languages/french/index.html A profile of the French language]
- [http://dhost.info/defu/wiki/index.php?id=Virtual_French_Keyboard A virtual French keyboard]
- [http://linearb.co.uk:8080/memory/ Searchable French-English dictionary, with example sentences]
- [http://atilf.atilf.fr/ Le Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé] (very comprehensive)
- [http://truckspeak.monsite.wanadoo.fr Truck Drivers' French - English, English - French Dictionary]
- [http://www.loecsen.com/travel/discover_pop.php?lang=en&to_lang=3&learn-French/ Listen to useful French expressions]
- [http://www.FrenchLanguageTips.com/ Learn French Fast & Easy]
- [http://www.wordreference.com/ Wordreference.com dictionary]
- [http://www.my-french-dictionary.com/ My French Picture Dictionary] Category:French language Category:Oïl languages Category:Languages of Belgium Category:Languages of Canada Category:Languages of France Category:Languages of Luxembourg Category:Languages of Switzerland Category:Languages of French Guiana Category:Languages of Morocco Category:Languages of French Polynesia Category:Languages of Wallis and Futuna Category:Languages of New Caledonia Category:Synthetic languages Category:Guttural R als:Französische Sprache zh-min-nan:Hoat-gí ko:프랑스어 ja:フランス語 simple:French language th:ภาษาฝรั่งเศส

September 20

September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years). There are 102 days remaining.

Events


- 451- According to some sources, this was the date of the Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius' victory over Attila the Hun.
- 1187 - Saladin begins the Siege of Jerusalem.
- 1377 - Cardinal Robert of Geneva, called by some the Butcher of Cesena, is elected as Avignon Pope Clement VII, beginning the Papal schism.
- 1596 - Diego de Montemayor founded the city of Monterrey in New Spain.
- 1737 - Runner Edward Marshall completes his journey in the Walking Purchase forcing the cession of 1.2 million acres (4,860 km²) of Lenape-Delaware tribal land to the Pennsylvania Colony.
- 1854 - Battle of Alma: British and French troops defeat Russians in the Crimea.
- 1860 - The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII of the United Kingdom) visits the United States.
- 1863 - American Civil War: The Battle of Chickamauga ends.
- 1870 - Bersaglieri corps enters Rome through Porta Pia and completes the unification of Italy
- 1881 - Chester A. Arthur is inaugurated as the 21st President of the United States.
- 1891 - The first gasoline-powered car debuts in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States.
- 1917 - Paraguay becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
- 1920 - Foundation of the Spanish Legion
- 1946 - The first Cannes Film Festival is held.
- 1954 - The first program compiled from FORTRAN runs.
- 1954 - New Zealand's Special Committee on Moral Delinquency in Children and Adolescents reports just ten days after concluding hearings.
- 1962 - James Meredith, an African-American, is barred from entering the University of Mississippi.
- 1973 - Billie Jean King beats Bobby Riggs in battle-of-sexes tennis match.
- 1977 - TV character, Fonzie jumps a shark on water skis in an episode of Happy Days.
- 1979 - Lee Iacocca is elected president of the Chrysler Corporation.
- 1979 - A coup d'état in the Central African Empire overthrows Emperor Bokasa I
- 1979 - The Punjab wing of the Unity Centre of Communist Revolutionaries of India (Marxist-Leninist) formally splits and constitutes a parallel UCCRI(ML).
- 1981 - A coup d'état in the Central African Republic overthrows President David Dacko.
- 1984 - A suicide bomber in a car attacks the U.S. embassy in Beirut, Lebanon, killing twelve people
- 1998 - Baseball: After playing 2,632 consecutive games for the Baltimore Orioles, Cal Ripken, Jr takes a day off.
- 2003 - A referendum is held in Latvia to decide the country's accession to the European Union
- 2003 - 2003 Maldives civil unrest: the death of prisoner Hassan Evan Naseem sparks a day of rioting in Malé.
- 2005 - The Opera Web Browser is rereleased as freeware.
- 2005 - Echo and the Bunnymen release Siberia as their latest Studio Album.

Births


- 1599 - Christian, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, German protestant military leader (d. 1623)
- 1778 - Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen, Russian naval officer and explorer (d. 1852)
- 1833 - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta, Italian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1918)
- 1842 - Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (d. 1923)
- 1853 - Chulalongkorn, King of Thailand (d. 1910)
- 1861 - Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress (d. 1955)
- 1873 - Sidney Olcott, Canadian film director (d. 1949)
- 1873 - Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-born race car driver (d. 1944)
- 1878 - Upton Sinclair, American writer and politician (d. 1968)
- 1889 - Charles Reidpath, American athlete (d. 1975)
- 1917 - Red Auerbach, American basketball coach and executive
- 1917 - Fernando Rey, Spanish-born actor (d. 1992)
- 1922 - William Kapell, American pianist (d. 1953)
- 1923 - Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)
- 1924 - Gogi Grant, American singer
- 1927 - Johnny Dankworth, English musician and composer
- 1927 - Rachel Roberts, English actress (d. 1980)
- 1928 - Joyce Brothers, American psychologist and advice columnist
- 1929 - Anne Meara, American comic and actress
- 1934 - Sophia Loren, Italian actress
- 1937 - Monica Zetterlund, Swedish actress and singer (d. 2005)
- 1947 - Chuck Panozzo, American musician (Styx)
- 1948 - George R. R. Martin, American writer
- 1951 - Guy Lafleur, Canadian hockey player
- 1956 - Gary Cole, American actor
- 1965 - Robert Rusler, American actor
- 1967 - Kristen Johnston, American actress
- 1968 - Leah Pinsent, Canadian actress
- 1968 - Darrell Russell, American race car driver (d. 2004)
- 1971 - Henrik Larsson, Swedish footballer
- 1975 - Asia Argento, Italian actress
- 1975 - Juan Pablo Montoya, Colombian race car driver
- 1975 - Rikki Lee Travolta, Italian-American actor
- 1976 - Yui Horie, Japanese voice actress and singer
- 1977 - Namie Amuro, Japanese singer
- 1978 - Jason Bay, Canadian Major League Baseball player
- 1978 - Sarit Hadad, Israeli singer
- 1981 - Feliciano López, Spanish tennis player
- 1987 - Quentin Anderson, Musician, producer, actor, public speaker
- 1992 - Avi Lewis, Actor, producer, writer, voice over
- 1940 - Genevieve Grotjan completed the decryption of the Japanese Purple code

Deaths


- 1246 - Mikhail of Chernigov, ruler of Kiev
- 1384 - King Louis I of Naples (b. 1339)
- 1460 - Gilles Binchois, Flemish composer
- 1586 - Chidiock Tichborne, English conspirator and poet (executed) (b. 1558)
- 1590 - Lodovico Agostini, Italian composer (b. 1534)
- 1625 - Heinrich Meibom, German historian and critic (b. 1555)
- 1627 - Jan Gruter, Dutch critic (b. 1560)
- 1630 - Claudio Saracini, Italian composer (b. 1586)
- 1639 - Johannes Meursius, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1579)
- 1643 - Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland, English politician and writer
- 1721 - Thomas Doggett, Irish actor
- 1803 - Robert Emmet, Irish patriot (b. 1780)
- 1815 - Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist (b. 1725)
- 1852 - Philander Chase, American university founder (b. 1775)
- 1863 - Jacob Grimm, German folklorist (b. 1785)
- 1884 - Leopold Fitzinger, Austrian zoologist (b.[1802]])
- 1898 - Theodor Fontane, German writer (b. 1819)
- 1908 - Pablo de Sarasate, Spanish violinist and composer (b. 1844)
- 1932 - Wovoka, Paiute visionary
- 1947 - Fiorello LaGuardia, Mayor of New York City (b. 1882)
- 1957 - Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (b. 1865)
- 1971 - Giorgos Seferis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
- 1973 - Jim Croce, American singer and songwriter (b. 1943)
- 1975 - Saint-John Perse, French diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
- 1979 - Ludvík Svoboda, President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1895)
- 1993 - Erich Hartmann, German pilot (b. 1922)
- 1996 - Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (b. 1913)
- 2000 - Gherman Titov, cosmonaut (b. 1935)
- 2003 - Lord Williams of Mostyn, British politician (b. 1941)
- 2003 - Simon Muzenda, Zimbabwe politician (b. 1922)
- 2004 - Brian Clough, English footballer and football manager (b. 1935)
- 2004 - Townsend Hoopes, American politician (b. 1922)
- 2005 - Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Nazi hunter (b. 1908)

Holidays


- In ancient Greece, the seventh day of the Eleusinian Mysteries, when the secret rites in the Telesterion began.
- Feast day of the following saints in the Roman Catholic Church:
  - The Korean Martyrs
  - Eustace
  - Vincent Madelgaire
  - Yves Mayeuc
  - Francis de Posadas
  - Thomas Johnson, John Davy, and companions (martyrs).
- Feast day of the following saint(s) in the Anglican Church:
  - John Coleridge Patteson Also see September 20 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/20 BBC: On This Day] ---- September 19 · September 21 · August 20 · October 20 · more historical anniversaries ko:9월 20일 ms:20 September ja:9月20日 simple:September 20 th:20 กันยายน

October 5

October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). There are 87 days remaining.

Events


- 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1665 - The University of Kiel is founded.
- 1793 - French Revolution: Christianity is disestablished in France.
- 1864 - The Indian city of Calcutta is almost totally destroyed by a cyclone; 60,000 die.
- 1869 - A strong hurricane devestates the Bay of Fundy region of Maritime Canada. The storm had been predicted over a year before by a British naval officer.
- 1877 - Chief Joseph surrenders his Nez Percé band to General Nelson A. Miles.
- 1895 - The first individual time trial for racing cyclists is held on a 50-mile course north of London.
- 1905 - Wilbur Wright pilots Wright Flyer III in a flight of 24 miles in 39 minutes. A world record that stands until 1908.
- 1910 - Portugal overthrows its monarchy and declares itself a republic.
- 1915 - Bulgaria enters World War I as one of the Central Powers.
- 1921 - Baseball: The World Series was broadcast on the radio for the first time.
- 1930 - British Airship R101 crashed in France en-route to India on its maiden voyage.
- 1936 - The Jarrow March sets off for London.
- 1944 - Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German Jet fighter over France.
- 1947 - The first televised White House address is given by U.S. President Harry S. Truman.
- 1949 - WSAZ, West Virginia's first television station, begins broadcasting in Huntington.
- 1953 - The first documented recovery meeting of Narcotics Anonymous is held.
- 1953 - Earl Warren is sworn in as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States.
- 1962 - The Beatles release their first hit, "Love Me Do," in Britain.
- 1966 - Near Detroit, Michigan, there is a partial core meltdown at the Enrico Fermi demonstration nuclear breeder reactor, killing three workers.
- 1969 - The first broadcast of Monty Python's Flying Circus.
- 1970 - PBS became a television network.
- 1970 - Montreal, Quebec: British Trade Commissioner James Cross is kidnapped by members of the FLQ terrorist group.
- 1973 - Signature of the European Patent Convention
- 1974 - Guildford pub bombing by the IRA leaves 5 dead and 65 injured.
- 1974 - I Honestly Love You first reaches #1 on the Billboard charts, giving Olivia Newton-John her first top-selling single in the United States.
- 1981 - Raoul Wallenberg becomes an honorary U.S. citizen.
- 1984 - Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space, aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger.
- 1988 - in the first fair poll since 1973, chileans vote "NO" to a 3th term in office for General Augusto Pinochet, sparking a transition to democracy process.
- 1990 - After one hundred and fifty years The Herald broadsheet newspaper in Melbourne, Australia, is published for the last time as a separate newspaper.
- 1991 - An Indonesian military transport crashes after takeoff from Jakarta killing 137.
- 1991 - The first official version of the Linux kernel, version 0.02, is released.
- 1999 - The Ladbroke Grove rail crash.
- 2000 - Mass demonstrations in Belgrade lead to resignation of Serbian strongman Slobodan Milošević.
- 2001 - Tom Ridge resigned as Governor of Pennsylvania to become President Bush's Homeland Security Advisor.
- 2003 - Akhmad Kadyrov elected President of Chechnya.
- 2005 - NHL started its season to end a year-and-a-half lockout.

Births


- 1520 - Alessandro Cardinal Farnese, Italian cardinal (d. 1589)
- 1641 - Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, French mistress of King Louis XIV of France (d. 1707)
- 1658 - Mary of Modena, queen of James II of England (d. 1718)
- 1695 - John Glas, Scottish minister (d. 1773)
- 1703 - Jonathan Edwards, American minister (d. 1758)
- 1712 - Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (d. 1793)
- 1713 - Denis Diderot, French philosopher and encylopedist (d. 1784)
- 1715 - Victor de Riqueti, marquis de Mirabeau, French economist (d. 1789)
- 1717 - Marie-Anne de Mailly-Nesle duchess de Châteauroux, French mistress of King Louis XV of France (d. 1744)
- 1781 - Bernard Bolzano, Czech mathematician and philosopher (d. 1848)
- 1795 - Alexander Keith, brewer (d. 1873)
- 1824 - Henry Chadwick, baseball writer and statistician (d. 1908)
- 1829 - Chester A. Arthur, 21st President of the United States (d.1886)
- 1878 - Louise Dresser, American actress (d. 1965)
- 1879 - Francis Peyton Rous, American pathologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1970)
- 1882 - Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist (d. 1945)
- 1887 - René Cassin, French judge, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1976)
- 1889 - Teresa de la Parra, Venezuelan writer (d. 1936)
- 1894 - Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (d. 1948)
- 1902 - Larry Fine, American actor and comedian (d. 1975)
- 1902 - Ray Kroc, American fast food entrepreneur (d. 1984)
- 1903 - M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (d. 1989)
- 1905 - Harriet E. MacGibbon, American actress (d. 1987)
- 1907 - Mrs. Miller, American singer (d. 1997)
- 1908 - Joshua Logan, American film director and writer (d. 1988)
- 1911 - Flann O'Brien, Irish humorist (d. 1966)
- 1917 - Allen Ludden, American television game show host (d. 1981)
- 1919 - Donald Pleasence, English actor (d. 1995)
- 1921 - Bill Willis, American football player
- 1922 - José Froilán González, Argentine race car driver
- 1922 - Bil Keane, American cartoonist
- 1922 - Jock Stein, Scottish footballer and manager (d. 1985)
- 1923 - Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic professional football player and politician (d. 1994)
- 1923 - Glynis Johns, British actress
- 1924 - Bill Dana, American actor and comedian
- 1925 - Gail Davis, American actress (d. 1997)
- 1926 - Willi Unsoeld, American climber (d. 1979)
- 1928 - Louise Fitzhugh, American author (d. 1974)
- 1929 - Richard F. Gordon, Jr., American astronaut
- 1930 - Anne Haddy, Australian actress (d. 1999)
- 1930 - Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut
- 1930 - Reinhard Selten, German economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1933 - Diane Cilento, Australian actress
- 1934 - Angelo Buono, Jr., American serial killer (d. 2002)
- 1935 - Diahann Carroll, American actress
- 1936 - Václav Havel, playwright and President of the Czech Republic
- 1937 - Barry Switzer, American football coach
- 1938 - Teresa Heinz Kerry, American philanthropist, wife of John Kerry
- 1941 - Eduardo Duhalde, President of Argentina
- 1943 - Steve Miller, American musician
- 1948 - Tawl Ross, American musician (P Funk)
- 1948 - Zoran Živković, Serbian writer
- 1949 - B. W. Stevenson, American singer and songwriter (d. 1988)
- 1950 - Jeff Conaway, American actor
- 1951 - Karen Allen, American actress
- 1951 - Bob Geldof, Irish musician (The Boomtown Rats)
- 1952 - Clive Barker, English writer
- 1952 - Duncan Regehr, Canadian actor
- 1957 - Mark Geragos, American attorney
- 1958 - André Kuipers, Dutch astronaut
- 1958 - Bernie Mac, American actor and comedian
- 1960 - Daniel Baldwin, American actor
- 1962 - Michael Andretti, American race car driver
- 1963 - Caron Keating, Irish television personality (d. 2004)
- 1965 - Mario Lemieux, Canadian hockey player
- 1965 - Patrick Roy, Canadian hockey player
- 1967 - Guy Pearce, English-born actor
- 1972 - Grant Hill, American basketball player
- 1975 - Kate Winslet, English actress
- 1980 - Paul Thomas, American musician (Good Charlotte)
- 1983 - Nicky Hilton, American heiress

Deaths


- 578 - Justin II, Byzantine Emperor
- 877 - Charles the Bald (b. 823)
- 1056 - Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1017)
- 1112 - Sigebert of Gembloux, French chronicler
- 1214 - King Alfonso VIII of Castile (b. 1155)
- 1285 - King Philip III of France (b. 1245)
- 1528 - Richard Fox, English churchman
- 1540 - Helius Eobanus Hessus, German poet (b. 1488)
- 1564 - Pierre de Manchicourt, Flemish composer
- 1565 - Lodovico Ferrari, Italian mathematician (b. 1522)
- 1606 - Philippe Desportes, French poet (b. 1546)
- 1714 - Kaibara Ekiken, Japanese philosopher (b. 1630)
- 1740 - Johann Philipp Baratier, German scholar (b. 1721)
- 1791 - Grigori Potemkin, Russian statesman (b. 1739)
- 1805 - Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (b. 1738)
- 1813 - Tecumseh, Shawnee leader
- 1837 - Hortense de Beauharnais Queen of Holland and mother of the Emperor Napoleon III of France (b. 1783)
- 1861 - Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop (b. 1778)
- 1913 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
- 1918 - Roland Garros, French pilot (shot down) (b. 1888)
- 1930 - Christopher Birdwood Thomson, 1st Baron Thomson, British military officer (b. 1875)
- 1933 - Renée Adorée, French actress (b. 1898)
- 1936 - J. Slauerhoff, Dutch poet and novelist (tuberculosis) (b. 1898)
- 1938 - Saint Faustina Polish religious (b. 1905)
- 1941 - Louis Dembitz Brandeis, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1856)
- 1943 - Leon Roppolo, American musician (b. 1902)
- 1969 - Walter Hagen, American golfer (b. 1892)
- 1976 - Lars Onsager, Norwegian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
- 1981 - Gloria Grahame, American actress (b,1923)
- 1983 - Earl Tupper, American inventor (b. 1907)
- 1986 - Hal B. Wallis, American film producer (b. 1898)
- 1986 - James H. Wilkinson, English mathematician (b. 1919)
- 1992 - Eddie Kendricks, American singer (b. 1939)
- 1995 - Linda Gary, voice actress (b. 1944)
- 1996 - Seymour Cray, American computer pioneer (b. 1925)
- 2000 - Catalin Haldan, Romanian football player (b. 1976)
- 2001 - Mike Mansfield, American politician (b. 1903)
- 2003 - Denis Quilley, British actor (b. 1927)
- 2003 - Dan Snyder, Canadian hockey player (b. 1978)
- 2004 - Rodney Dangerfield, American comedian (b. 1921)
- 2004 - Maurice Wilkins, New Zealand-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1916)

Holidays


- Roman festivals - mundus patet: one of the three days that the mundus was opened for public.
- Eastern Orthodox name day for St. Charitini; also see October 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Portugal - Republic Day, celebrates the overthrow of the Monarchy in 1910
- International World Teachers' Day [http://www.ei-ie.org/worldteachersday/en/]

Trivia


- Birthdays - More people are born on this day in the United States than any other date in the year.

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/5 BBC: On This Day] ---- October 4 - October 6 - September 5 - November 5 – more historical anniversaries ko:10월 5일 ms:5 Oktober ja:10月5日 simple:October 5 th:5 ตุลาคม

Cannes

:This article is about Cannes, the French city. You may be looking for the Cannes Film Festival. Cannes Film Festival Cannes Film Festival Cannes (Canas in Provençal) (pronounced ) is a city and commune in southern France, located on the Riviera, in the Alpes-Maritimes département.

Demographics

Population of the city (commune) of Cannes at the 1999 census was 67,304 inhabitants (69,700 inhabitants as of February 2004 estimates). Cannes is part of the Nice metropolitan area (aire urbaine) whose total population was 933,080 inhabitants at the 1999 census.

Geography

Cannes lies on the Côte d'Azur within easy reach of the Maritime Alps. It is noted for its sandy beaches (in contrast to Nice), which interestingly are mainly public, particularly as one moves west to Cannes Bocca.

History

From the Middle Ages until the early 19th century, Cannes was a small agricultural and fishing village. Beginning in the 1830s, foreign and French aristocrats built vacation homes in the area, gradually turning Cannes into a resort town. The man responsible for Cannes' growth is Lord Henry Peter Brougham (1778-1868). A respected and talented British politician at his time, he discovered Cannes in 1834, on his way to Italy. After having bought land to the west of the Suquet he used his many contacts in French politics to help develop the French Riviera.

Economy

The area around Cannes has developed into a high-tech cluster. The technopolis of Sophia-Antipolis lies up in the hills beyond Cannes. The Cannes Film Festival, held annually in May, is a major event for the world film industry. There is an annual television festival, airing in the last week in September. Cannes also hosts the Cannes Lions International Advertising Festival.

Transportation

Cannes lies on the main rail line from Italy to Marseille and is well served by the TGV, interregional, and regional trains. The SNCF station is close to the centre; buses leave from both here and the Hôtel de Ville. The town center is served by an electric bus system — the E-LO — whilst an open top beachside bus service links the Hôtel de Ville and the Palm Beach Casino. Between Festivals and major events, Cannes lives to the beat of the arts year around, thanks to the many organizations contributing to its reputation and teaching. Cannes Municipal Music and Drama Conservatoire promote the awakening and introduction to music since the age of three years old for viola, violin and cello students and since five years old for those registered to musical awakening

Miscellaneous

Births

Cannes was the birthplace of:
- Gisèle Pascal (b. 17 September 1923) is a French actress, and a former lover of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco.
- Claude Bolling (born 1930), jazz pianist, composer, and arranger

Twin towns

Cannes is twinned with:
- 1957: Madrid, Spain
- 1970: Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea, United Kingdom
- 1986: Beverly Hills, California, United States
- 1991/1992: Shizuoka, Japan
- 1994: Acapulco, Mexico
- 1997: Sanya, China

See also


- Lérins and Abbey of Lérins
- AS Cannes
- Cimetière du Grand Jas, Cannes
- Carlton Hotel
- Le Baoli

External links


- [http://www.cannes.fr Official website]
- [http://www.festival-cannes.org Official Cannes International Film Festival website]
- [http://www.canneslions.com Official Cannes Lions Advertising Festival website]
- ja:カンヌ simple:Cannes

Palme d'or

The Palme d'or ("Golden Palm") is the name of the highest prize given to a film at the Cannes Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1955 by the organizing committee (it was previously known as the Grand Prix du Festival international du film) and is now regarded as one of the film industry's most distinguished prizes.

Golden Palm winners

Notes

This particular Palme d'Or was awarded in retrospect at the 2002 festival. The festival's debut was to take place in 1939, but it was canceled due to World War II. The organizers of the 2002 festival presented part of the original 1939 selection to a professional jury of six members. The films were: Goodbye Mr. Chips, La piste du nord, Lenin in 1918, The Four Feathers, The Wizard of Oz, Union Pacific and Boefje. Category:Film awards ja:パルム・ドール

2005 Cannes Film Festival

The 2005 Cannes Film Festival started on May 11 and ran until May 22. Twenty movies from 13 countries were selected to compete. The awards were announced on May 21. The Palme d'Or went to the Belgian film L'Enfant by Jean-Pierre Dardenne & Luc Dardenne.

Feature film competition

Jury


- Emir Kusturica, President (Serbia and Montenegro)
- Fatih Akin (