Category:Centenarians

A centenarian is someone who is (or died at) 100 years old or older. Note: Anyone 110 years old or older is a supercentenarian. Place them in :Category:Supercentenarians instead. Category:People of exceptional age Category:People

Supercentenarian

A supercentenarian (sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian) is someone who has reached the age of 110 years or more, something achieved by only one in a thousand centenarians (0.1%, based on European data). In turn, only about one supercentenarian in forty-four lives to turn 115 (2% of 110-year-olds can expect to survive five more years). The term has been around at least since the 1970s (as one citation, Norris McWhirter, editor of Guinness, used the word in correspondence with age claims researcher A. Ross Eckler, Jr. in 1976), and was further popularized in 1991 by William Strauss and Neil Howe, in their book entitled Generations. Early references tend to mean simply "someone well over 100" but the 110-and-over cutoff is the accepted criterion of demographers. demographers – 10 July 1917) photographed on her 110th birthday]]

History

While claims of extreme age have persisted from the earliest times in history, the earliest supercentenarian accepted by Guinness World Records is Thomas Peters, who was born in Groningen, Netherlands, April 6, 1745, and died there March 26, 1857. (Guinness once accepted Pierre Joubert, but later dropped him). However, scholars such as Jean-Marie Robine consider Geert Adriaans Boomgaard of the Netherlands (1788-1899) to be the first verifiable case, as the alleged evidence for Peters has been "lost." The earliest supercentenarian to reach the age of 113 is Delina Filkins, who was born in Herkimer County, New York, May 4, 1815, and died there December 4, 1928. Over eight hundred supercentenarians have been documented in history, and this is doubtless a fraction of the number who have really lived, but the majority of claims to this age do not have sufficient documentary support to be validated. This is slowly changing as those born after birth registration was standardized in more countries and parts of countries attain supercentenarian age. The longest documented lifespan is the 122 years 164 days of Jeanne Calment (1875–1997). While her stories of meeting Vincent Van Gogh or attending the 1885 funeral of Victor Hugo might have been embellished, her life was documented in the records of her native city of Arles, France, beyond reasonable doubt. The Guinness Book of World Records in 1978 accepted the claim that Shigechiyo Izumi was born June 29, 1865, and from the 1980 edition considered him the oldest person. He died February 21, 1986 (the 111th birthday of Jeanne Calment). However, there is still doubt as to whether he was wrongly conflated with a brother who died young. For supercentenarians known for anything other than their extreme age, see centenarians.

Oldest living people

Official oldest living person

From May 2004 to August 2005 Hendrikje van Andel of Hoogeveen, Netherlands (June 29, 1890–August 29, 2005) was considered oldest documented person in the world, followed by Elizabeth Bolden (born August 15, 1890) of Memphis, Tennessee. However, on December 9,2005 Guinness recognized the claim of Maria Esther Capovilla of Ecuador (born September 14, 1889) retroactively displacing Bolden and Van Andel and becoming oldest living since the death of Ramona Trinidad Iglesias-Jordan. The following is a list of the people who have held the title of oldest recognized person in the world since 1955:

Oldest recognized living man

Among the oldest ever

Among the oldest men ever (Top 10)

Among the oldest living, 2005 (Top 10)

Among the oldest living men, 2005 (Top 10 or 110+)

Notably early among supercentenarians

National longevity recordholders

By nation of death or current residence

Emigrant records

(listed for countries where an emigrant lived longer than any lifelong resident) Amalia Ruggieri-Barone, an Italian immigrant to the United States, has been removed from this list; she has been surpassed in age by Virginia Dighero-Zolezzi, a resident Italian, and her status as the oldest emigrant is thus no longer relevant.

External links

- [http://www.grg.org/Adams/Tables.htm Supercentenarian tables]
- [http://www.supercentenarians.org/ International Database on Longevity]
- [http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/Worlds_Oldest_People/ World's Oldest People] hosted by Yahoo! Groups
- [http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/content_pages/record_subcategory.asp?subcategoryid=3 Guiness World Records with oldest living people]

References

- [http://www.recordholders.org/en/list/oldest.html Louis Epstein: The Oldest Human Beings] — list of validly-documented supercentenarians (by age and chronological), including a chronological list of the oldest living listed persons since 1955. (For a time in the 1960s the oldest living person did not reach 110.)
-
- Category:World records

Category:Supercentenarians

A Supercentenarian is someone who reached the age of 110 or older. Category:Centenarians

Category:People of exceptional age

A list of unusually old people. See also :Category:Lists of people by age. Category:People noted for being in rare medical or psychological categories

Hémichordé

Hemichordata (Hemichordé) est un phylum des animaux deuterostomia (deutérostomiens), qui est un groupe sœur des chordés (le groupe qui contient les vertébrés). Ce phylum est apparu au cambrien et inclut une classe importante de fossiles, les graptolites, la plupart d'entre eux disparurent au carbonifère. Une des espèce a survécu : Cephalodiscus graptolitoïdes. Toutes les autres formes modernes sont des vers marins (exemple : Saccoglossus). Ils sont divisés en deux classes : Enteropneusta (entéropneuste) et Pterobranchia (ptérobranche). Ce phylum contient environ 100 espèces.

Liens externes

[http://orion1.paisley.ac.uk/courses/Tatner/biomedia/units/chor5.htm phylum Hemichordata] Catégorie:Animal Catégorie:Classification scientifique Catégorie:Phylogénie des animaux ja:半索動物

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