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February 17

February 17

February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 317 days remaining (318 in leap years).

Events


- 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt
- 1621 - Miles Standish is appointed as first commander of Plymouth colony.
- 1753 - February 17 is followed by March 1 as Sweden moves to the Gregorian from the Julian calendar.
- 1801 - An electoral tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr is resolved when Jefferson is elected President of the United States and Burr Vice President by the United States House of Representatives.
- 1814 - Battle of Mormans
- 1819 - The United States House of Representatives passes the Missouri Compromise.
- 1854 - The British recognizes the independence of the Orange Free State.
- 1865 - American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.
- 1867 - The first ship passes through the Suez Canal.
- 1895 - Swan Lake, with music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, is first performed at full length in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
- 1913 - The Armory Show opens in New York City, displaying works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.
- 1924 - In Miami, Florida, Johnny Weissmuller sets a new world record in the 100-yard freestyle swimming competition with a time of 52-2/5 seconds.
- 1933 - The magazine Newsweek is published for the first time.
- 1933 - The Blaine Act ends Prohibition in the United States.
- 1944 - World War II: Battle of Eniwetok Atoll begins. The battle ends in an American victory on February 22.
- 1947 - The Voice of America begins to transmit radio broadcasts into the Soviet Union.
- 1955 - Christian Pineau becomes Prime Minister of France
- 1957 - A fire at an elderly home in Warrenton, Missouri kills 72 people.
- 1958 - Pope Pius XII declares Saint Clare of Assisi (1193~1253) the patron saint of television
- 1959 - The first weather satellite, Vanguard 2, was launched to measure cloud-cover distribution.
- 1962 - A storm kills more than 300 people in Hamburg, West Germany.
- 1964 - In Wesberry v. Sanders the Supreme Court of the United States rules that congressional districts have to be approximately equal in population.
- 1968 - In Springfield, Massachusetts the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame opens.
- 1972 - Sales of the Volkswagen Beetle model exceed those of Ford Model-T.
- 1974 - Robert Preston, a disgruntled U.S. Army private, buzzes the White House with a stolen helicopter.
- 1979 - The Sino-Vietnamese War begins.
- 1991 - on this day the minister for the principlity of chipmuun, Andrew Buchorn was assassinated in his home in Denmark.
- 1992 - A court in Milwaukee, Wisconsin sentences serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer to life in prison.
- 1995 - Colin Ferguson is convicted of six counts of murder for the December 1993 Long Island Rail Road shootings and later receives a 200+ year sentence.
- 1995 - The Cenepa War between Peru and Ecuador ends on a cease-fire brokered by the UN.
- 1996 - In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, world champion Garry Kasparov beats the Deep Blue supercomputer in a chess match.

Births


- 1490 - Charles III, Duke of Bourbon, Constable of France (d. 1527)
- 1519 - Francis, Duke of Guise, French soldier and politician (d. 1563)
- 1524 - Charles of Guise, French cardinal (d. 1574)
- 1581 - Fausto Poli, Italian Catholic priest (d. 1653)
- 1646 - Pierre Le Pesant, sieur de Boisguilbert, French economist (d. 1714)
- 1653 - Arcangelo Corelli, Italian composer (d. 1713)
- 1718 - Matthew Tilghman, American Continental Congressman (d. 1790)
- 1723 - Tobias Mayer, German astronomer (d. 1762)
- 1752 - Friedrich Maximilian Klinger, German writer (d. 1831)
- 1754 - Nicolas Baudin, French explorer (d. 1803)
- 1781 - René Laënnec, French physician (d. 1826)
- 1792 - Karl Ernst von Baer, German biologist (d. 1876)
- 1796 - Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician (d. 1866)
- 1817 - King William III of the Netherlands (d, 1890)
- 1820 - Henri Vieuxtemps, Belgian composer (d. 1881)
- 1821 - Lola Montez, Mexican dancer, actress, friend of monarchs (d. 1861)
- 1836 - Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, Spanish poet (b. 1870)
- 1844 - Aaron Montgomery Ward, American department store founder (d. 1913)
- 1854 - Friedrich Alfred Krupp, German industrialist (d. 1902)
- 1863 - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1945)
- 1864 - Banjo Paterson, Australian poet (d. 1941)
- 1874 - Thomas J. Watson, American computer manufacturer (b. 1874)
- 1877 - André Maginot, French politician (d. 1932)
- 1888 - Otto Stern, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1969)
- 1887 - Leevi Madetoja, Finnish composer (d. 1947)
- 1908 - Red Barber, baseball announcer (d. 1992)
- 1910 - Marc Lawrence, American actor
- 1912 - Andre Norton, American author
- 1914 - Arthur Kennedy, American actor (d. 1990)
- 1919 - Kathleen Freeman, American actress (d. 2001)
- 1920 - Ivo Caprino, Norwegian animated film director
- 1922 - Marshall Teague, American race car driver (d. 1959)
- 1924 - Margaret Truman, American novelist
- 1925 - Ron Goodwin, English composer and conductor (d. 2003)
- 1925 - Hal Holbrook, American actor
- 1929 - Chaim Potok, American author (d. 2002)
- 1929 - Patricia Routledge, English actress
- 1930 - Ruth Rendell, English writer
- 1932 - Buck Trent, American banjo player
- 1934 - Alan Bates, English actor (d. 2003)
- 1934 - Barry Humphries, Australian actor and comedian
- 1936 - Jim Brown, American football player
- 1939 - Mary Ann Mobley, American actress and beauty queen
- 1940 - Christina Pickles, British actress
- 1941 - Gene Pitney, American singer
- 1942 - Huey P. Newton, American founder of the Black Panther Party (d. 1989)
- 1944 - Karl Jenkins, Welsh composer
- 1945 - Zina Bethune, American actress
- 1945 - Brenda Fricker, Irish actress
- 1953 - Janice Dickinson, American model
- 1953 - Norman Pace, British actor and comic
- 1954 - Rene Russo, American actress
- 1956 - Richard Karn, American actor
- 1957 - Loreena McKennitt, Canadian musician, singer, and songwriter
- 1962 - Alison Hargreaves, British mountaineer (d. 1995)
- 1962 - Lou Diamond Phillips, American actor
- 1963 - Michael Jordan, American basketball player
- 1963 - Larry the Cable Guy, American actor and comedian
- 1967 - Chanté Moore, American singer
- 1969 - Tuesday Knight, American actress
- 1972 - Billie Joe Armstrong, American singer and musician (Green Day)
- 1972 - Philippe Candeloro, French figure skater
- 1972 - Denise Richards, American actress
- 1973 - Amy Van Dyken, American swimmer
- 1974 - Jerry O'Connell, American actor
- 1974 - Bryan White, American singer
- 1975 - Wish Bone, American rapper
- 1975 - Vaclav Prospal, Czech hockey player
- 1978 - Jacob Wetterling, American kidnapping victim
- 1980 - Jason Ritter, American actor
- 1981 - Joseph Gordon-Levitt, American actor
- 1981 - Paris Hilton, American actress and heiress
- 1982 - Adriano Leite Ribeiro, Brazilian footballer
- 1991 - Bonnie Wright, British actress

Deaths


- 197 - Clodius Albinus, Roman usurper (killed in battle)
- 364 - Jovian, Roman Emperor
- 1339 - Duke Otto of Austria (b. 1301)
- 1596 - Friedrich Sylburg, German classical scholar (b. 1536)
- 1600 - Giordano Bruno, Italian philosopher (burned at the stake) (b. 1548)
- 1609 - Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1549)
- 1624 - Juan de Mariana, Spanish historian (b. 1536)
- 1659 - Abel Servien, French diplomat (b. 1593)
- 1673 - Molière, French playwright (b. 1622)
- 1680 - Denzil Holles, 1st Baron Holles, English statesman and writer (b. 1599)
- 1680 - Jan Swammerdam, Dutch scientist (b. 1637)
- 1715 - Antoine Galland, French archaeologist (b. 1646)
- 1732 - Louis Marchand, French organist and harpsichordist (b. 1669)
- 1768 - Arthur Onslow, English politician (b. 1691)
- 1780 - Andreas Felix von Oefele, German historian and librarian (b. 1706)
- 1841 - Ferdinando Carulli, Italian guitarist
- 1854 - John Martin, English painter (b. 1789)
- 1856 - Heinrich Heine, German writer (b. 1797)
- 1883 - Napoleon Coste, French guitarist and composer (b. 1806)
- 1909 - Geronimo, Apache leader (b. 1829)
- 1919 - Wilfrid Laurier, seventh Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1841)
- 1934 - King Albert I of Belgium (b. 1875)
- 1939 - Willy Hess, German violinist (b. 1859)
- 1943 - Armand J. Piron, American jazz violinist and composer (b. 1888)
- 1961 - Nita Naldi, American actress (b. 1897)
- 1962 - Bruno Walter, German conductor (b. 1876)
- 1970 - Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Israeli writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
- 1970 - Alfred Newman, American film composer (b. 1901)
- 1977 - Janani Luwum, Ugandan Archbishop (shot) (b. 1922)
- 1982 - Thelonious Monk, American jazz pianist (b. 1917)
- 1982 - Lee Strasberg, Austrian-born actor (b. 1901)
- 1990 - Erik Rhodes, American actor (b. 1906)
- 1994 - Randy Shilts, American author and activist (AIDS) (b. 1951)
- 1998 - Ernst Jünger, German author (b. 1895)
- 2001 - Khalid Abdul Muhammed, American Nation of Islam spokesman (brain aneurysm) (b. 1948)
- 2004 - José López Portillo, President of Mexico (b. 1920)
- 2005 - Dan O'Herlihy, Irish actor (b. 1919)
- 2005 - Omar Sivori, Argentine football player (b. 1935)

Holidays and observances


- Roman Empire - Quirinalia in honor of Quirinus
- Ancient Latvia - Tanis Diena observed

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/17 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20050217.html The New York Times: On This Day] ---- February 16 - February 18 - January 17 - March 17 -- listing of all days ko:2월 17일 ms:17 Februari ja:2月17日 simple:February 17 th:17 กุมภาพันธ์



1500

Events


- Europe's population was ~60 million. (Spielvogel)
- January 5 - Duke Ludovico Sforza recaptures Milan, but is soon driven out again by the French.
- April 21 - Portuguese navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral officially discovers Brazil and claims the land for Portugal.
- November 11 - Treaty of Granada - Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.
- Emperor Go-Kashiwabara ascends to the throne of Japan.
- Battle of Hemmingstedt: The Danish army fails to conquer the peasants' republic of Dithmarschen.
- Second Battle of Lepanto - The Turkish fleet of Kemal Re'is defeats the Venetians. The Turks proceed to capture Modon, Lepanto, and Koron.
- The Luo, a Nilotic people from modern Sudan, settle the Cwezi states, establishing the state of Buganda. (approximate date)
- Diogo Dias is the first European to see Madagascar.

Births


- February 22 - Cardinal Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, Italian humanist (d. 1564)
- February 24 - Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1558)
- April 12 - Joachim Camerarius, German classical scholar (died 1574)
- April 23 - Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (died 1565)
- November 1 - Benvenuto Cellini, Italian goldsmith and sculptor (died 1571)
- Johannes Aal, Swiss theologian and composer (died 1553)
- John of Avila, Spanish mystic and saint (died 1569)
- George Cavendish, English writer
- Wu Cheng'en, Chinese novelist (died 1582)
- Charles Dumoulin, French jurist (died 1566)
- Heinrich Faber, German music theorist (died 1552)
- Federico II of Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua (died 1540)
- Francisco de Moraes, Portuguese writer (died 1572)
- Reginald Cardinal Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury (died 1558)
- Mem de Sá, Governor-General of Brazil (died 1572)
- Johann Stumpf, Swiss writer (died 1576)
- Pietro Martire Vermigli, Italian theologian

Deaths


- May 29 - Bartolomeu Dias, Portuguese explorer
- June 19 - Edmund Tudor, Duke of Somerset (born 1499)
- September 12 - Albert, Duke of Saxony (born 1443)
- September 15 - John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury
- October 1 - John Alcock, English churchman
- October 21 - Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado of Japan (born 1442)
- Juan Pérez de Gijón, Spanish composer (born 1460)
- Feodor Kuritsyn, Russian statesman
- Thomas Rotherham, English cleric and minister (born 1423) Category:1500 ko:1500년

1621

Events


- February 9 - Gregory XV is elected pope.
- February 17 - Miles Standish is appointed as first commander of Plymouth Colony
- March 22 - The Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony sign a peace treaty with Massasoit of the Wampanoags.
- March 16 - Samoset, a Mohegan, visits the settlers of Plymouth Colony and greets them, "Welcome, Englishmen! My name is Samoset."
- April 5 - The Mayflower sets sail from Plymouth on a return trip to Great Britain.
- May 24 - Protestant Union was formally dissolved.
- June 21 - an execution of 27 Czech lords on the Old Town Square in Prague as a consequence of the battle on the "White Mountain".
- The Swedish city of Gothenburg is founded by Gustavus Adolphus
- Riga falls under rule of Sweden

Births


- February 2 - Johannes Schefferus, Alsatian-born humanist (d. 1679)
- February 21 - Rebecca Nurse, accused witch (d. 1692)
- March 31 - Andrew Marvell, English poet (d. 1678)
- April 25 - Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, British soldier, statesman, and dramatist (d. 1679)
- July 6 - Jean de La Fontaine, French writer (d. 1695)
- July 22 - Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury, British politician (d. 1683)
- August 19 - Gerbrand van den Eeckhout, Dutch painter (d. 1674)
- September 8 - Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French general (d. 1686)
- December 23 - Edmund Berry Godfrey, English magistrate (d. 1678)
- December 23 - Heneage Finch, 1st Earl of Nottingham, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1682) See also :Category:1621 births.

Deaths


- January 28 - Pope Paul V (b. 1550)
- February 15 - Michael Praetorius, German composer
- February 28 - Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1590)
- March 31 - King Philip III of Spain (b. 1578)
- April 1 - Cristofano Allori, Italian painter (b. 1577)
- April 15 - John Carver, first governor of Plymouth Colony
- June 8 - Anne de Xainctonge, French saint (b. 1567)
- June 21 - Kryštof Harant z Polžic a Bezdružic, Bohemian composer, soldier, and author (executed) (b. 1564)
- July 2 - Thomas Harriot, English astronomer and mathematician
- July 10 - Karel Bonaventura Buquoy, French soldier (b. 1571)
- July 13 - Archduke Albert of Austria, Governor of the Low Countries (b. 1559)
- August 3 - Guillaume du Vair, French writer (b. 1556)
- August 15 - John Barclay, Scottish writer (b. 1582)
- September 17 - Robert Bellarmine, Italian saint (b. 1542)
- September 24 - Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, Polish military commander (b. 1560)
- October 8 - Antoine de Montchrétien, French dramatist and economist
- October 16 - Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch commposer (b. 1562)
- November 26 - Radulph Agas, English surveyor
- December 13 - Katarina Stenbock, queen of Gustav I of Sweden (b. 1535)
- December 15 - Charles de Luynes, Constable of France (b. 1578)
- Dirk Hartog, Dutch explorer (b. 1580) See also :Category:1621 deaths. Category:1621 ko:1621년 simple:1621

Plymouth, Massachusetts

Plymouth is a town located in Plymouth County, Massachusetts. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 51,701. It and Brockton are the county seats of Plymouth County6. For geographic and demographic information on specific parts of the town of Plymouth, please see the articles on North Plymouth, Plymouth (CDP), and White Island Shores.

History

Plymouth was the landing site of the Mayflower, and the location of the original settlement of the Plymouth Colony, established by the English Puritan "Pilgrims" in 1620.

Tourism

Today Plymouth is a tourist destination for that reason, and is home to Plymouth Rock and the living-history village Plimoth Plantation. Along the shore, at a small pier not far from Plymouth Rock, there is also a replica of the original Mayflower ship, which serves as a museum; so that people can learn more about the historic voyage from Plymouth, England. There are two main roads in Plymouth: MA-3A, which runs through the town center where the town hall, the shops, and many restaurants are located. The other road, MA-44 runs East-West, and crosses MA-3A just outside of the town center. Getting to Plymouth by car from other places is also made easy by its access via the MA-3 highway, which runs North-South; just inside of the eastern coast of the state, from Boston to Cape Cod. Plymouth also received several (non-rush hour) MBTA commuter rail trains from Boston daily, as well as Plymouth & Brockton bus service.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 347.0 km² (134.0 mi²). 249.8 km² (96.5 mi²) of it is land, and 97.2 km² (37.5 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 28.00% water. Plymouth has the largest land area of any city or town in Massachusetts.

Demographics

Massachusetts As of the census2 of 2000, there are 51,701 people, 18,423 households, and 13,264 families residing in the town. The population density is 206.9/km² (536.0/mi²). There are 21,250 housing units, at an average density of 85.1/km² (220.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 94.82% White, 1.91% Black or African American, 0.25% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.93% from other races, and 1.48% from two or more races. 1.68% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 18,423 households, out of which 36.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.4% are married couples living together, 10.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% are non-families. 21.7% of all households are made up of individuals, and 8.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.67 and the average family size is 3.16. In the town, the population is spread out; with 25.8% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 32.0% from 25 to 44, 23.9% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 36 years. For every 100 females there are 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 96.4 males. The median income for a household in the town is $54,677, and the median income for a family is $63,266. Males have a median income of $44,983 versus $31,565 for females. The per capita income for the town is $23,732. 5.4% of the population and 4.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 7.1% of those under the age of 18 and 6.9% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Category:Coastal towns of Massachusetts Category:Plymouth County, Massachusetts ja:プリマス (マサチューセッツ州)

1753

1753 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar).

Events


- January 1 - Britain and its colonies adopt the idea that 1st January should be New Year's Day, following adoption of the Gregorian calendar in September 1752. The concept was first conceived in 1582, but suffered from slow public adoption.
- January 13 - Sentenced conspirators of the Tavora affair are executed
- January 29 - After a month's absence, Elizabeth Canning returns to her mother's home in London and claims that she was abducted. Following criminal trial causes uproar.
- April 5 – Founding charter of the British Museum
- Sweden adopts Gregorian calendar
- British parliament extends citizenship to Jews
- Publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus on 1st May, adopted by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature as the formal start date of the scientific classification of plants
- James Lind writes A Treatise of the Scurvy
- Tobias Smollett writes Ferdinand Count Fathom
- Robert Wallace writes On the Numbers of Man

Births


- February 12 - François-Paul Brueys D'Aigalliers, French admiral (d. 1798)
- February 20 - Louis Alexandre Berthier, French marshal (d. 1815)
- March 8 - William Roscoe, English writer (d. 1831)
- March 9 - Jean-Baptiste Kleber, French general (d. 1800)
- March 26 - Benjamin Thompson, American physicist and inventor (d. 1814)
- May 8 - Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican Catholic priest and revolutionary (d. 1811)
- May 13 - Lazare Nicholas Marguerite Carnot, French general, politician, and mathematician (d. 1823)
- July 9 - William Waldegrave, 1st Baron Radstock, Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1825)
- August 10 - Edmund Randolph, American politician (d. 1813)
- August 12 - Thomas Bewick, English wood engraver (d. 1828)
- September 10 - John Soane, British architect (d. 1837)
- December 3 - Samuel Crompton, English inventor (d. 1827)
- Phillis Wheatley, African-born poet (d. 1784)

Deaths


- January 11 - Sir Hans Sloane, Irish physician (b. 1660)
- January 14 - George Berkeley, Irish philosopher (b. 1685)
- August 6 - Georg Wilhelm Richmann, Russian physicist (struck by lightning) (b. 1711)
- August 19 - Balthasar Neumann, German architect and military engineer (b. 1687)
- December 15 - Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington, English architect (b. 1694) Category:1753 ko:1753년

March 1

March 1 is the 60th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (61st in leap years). There are 305 days remaining.

Events


- 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army, enters in Athens, removing the tyrant Aristion who was supported by troops of Mithridates VI of Pontus.
- 1562 - Over 1,000 Huguenots are massacred by Catholics in Wassy, France marking the start of the French Wars of Religion.
- 1565 - The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
- 1628 - Writs are issued in February by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date.
- 1633 - Samuel de Champlain reclaims his role as commander of New France on behalf of Cardinal Richelieu.
- 1642 - Georgeana, Massachusetts (now known as York, Maine) becomes the first incorporated city in America.
- 1692 - The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts.
- 1700 - Sweden introduces its own Swedish calendar, in an attempt to reform into the Gregorian calendar, then reverts to the Julian calendar on this date in 1712, and then introduces the Gregorian Calendar on this date in 1753.
- 1781 - The Continental Congress adopts the Articles of Confederation.
- 1790 - The first United States census is authorized.
- 1803 - Ohio is admitted as the 17th U.S. state.
- 1805 - Justice Samuel Chase is acquitted at the end of his impeachment trial by the U.S. Senate.
- 1811 - Leaders of the Mameluke dynasty are killed by Egyptian ruler Muhammad Ali.
- 1815 - Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
- 1836 - A Convention of delegates from 57 Texas communities convenes in Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, to deliberate independence from Mexico.
- 1840 - Adolphe Thiers becomes prime minister of France.
- 1845 - President John Tyler signs a bill authorizing the United States to annex the Republic of Texas.
- 1852 - Archibald William Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
- 1854 - German pyschologist Friedrich Eduard Beneke disappears; two years later his remains are found in the canal near Charlottenburg.
- 1867 - Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
- 1872 - Yellowstone National Park is established as the world's first national park.
- 1873 - E. Remington and Sons in Ilion, New York, start production of the first practical typewriter.
- 1873 - Henry Comstock discovers the Comstock Lode in Virgina City, Nevada.
- 1886 - Anglo-Chinese School,Singapore was founded by Bishop William Oldham.
- 1896 - Battle of Adowa, an Ethiopian army defeats an outnumbered Italian force, ending the First Italo-Abyssinian War.
- 1896 - Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity.
- 1912 - Albert Berry makes the first parachute jump from a moving airplane.
- 1914 - The Republic of China joins the Universal Postal Union.
- 1917 - U.S. government releases the plaintext of the Zimmermann Telegram to the public.
- 1918 - German submarine Unterseeboot 19 (U-19) sinks HMS Calgarian off Rathlin Island.
- 1919 - March 1st Movement begins in Korea.
- 1932 - The son of Charles Lindbergh, Charles Augustus Lindbergh III, is kidnapped.
- 1936 - Hoover Dam is completed.
- 1941 - World War II: Bulgaria signs the Tripartite Pact thus joining the Axis powers.
- 1941 - W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) begins operations in Nashville, Tennessee becoming the first FM radio station in the U.S..
- 1946 - The Bank of England is nationalised.
- 1947 - The International Monetary Fund begins financial operations.
- 1949 - Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch.
- 1950 - Cold War: Klaus Fuchs is convicted of spying for the Soviet Union by giving them top secret atomic bomb data.
- 1953 - Joseph Stalin collapses, having suffered a stroke. He dies four days later.
- 1954 - Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo, a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, is detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States.
- 1954 - Puerto Rican nationalists attack the United States Capitol building, injuring five Representatives. (See U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954).)
- 1955 - Allen Fieldhouse at the University of Kansas hosts its first college basketball game.
- 1956 - The International Air Transport Association finalizes a draft of the Radiotelephony spelling alphabet for the International Civil Aviation Organization.
- 1958 - Samuel Alphonsus Stritch, is appointed Pro-Perfect of the Propagation of Faith and thus becomes the first American member of the Roman Curia.
- 1961 - President of the United States John F. Kennedy establishes the Peace Corps.
- 1961 - Uganda becomes self-governing as its first elections held.
- 1962 - American Airlines Flight 1 crashes on take off in New York.
- 1966 - Venera 3 Soviet space probe crashes on Venus becoming the first spacecraft to land on another planet's surface.
- 1966 - The Ba'ath Party takes power in Syria.
- 1969 - During a performance at Miami's Dinner Key Auditorium, Jim Morrison of the Doors is arrested for exposing himself during the show.
- 1969 - John Kerry officially leaves active duty in Vietnam.
- 1971 - A bomb explodes in a men's room in the White House: the Weather Underground claims responsibility.
- 1971 - Pakistani President Yahya Khan indefinitely postponed the pending national assembly session, precipitating massive civil disobedience in East Pakistan.
- 1972 - The Thai province of Yasothon is created after being split off from the Ubon Ratchathani province.
- 1974 - Watergate scandal: Seven are indicted for their role in the Watergate break-in and charged with conspiracy to obstruct justice.
- 1975 - Colour television transmissions begin in Australia.
- 1978 - Charlie Chaplin's coffin is stolen from a Swiss cemetery.
- 1980 - Voyager 1 probe confirms that Janus (moon of Saturn) exists.
- 1983 - Swatch introduces their first timepieces.
- 1989 - The United States becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1990 - Steve Jackson Games is raided by the United States Secret Service, prompting the later formation of the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
- 1994 - Seattle grunge band Nirvana play their last show in Munich, Germany.
- 1995 - Polish Prime Minister Waldemar Pawlak resigns from parliament and is replaced by ex-communist Józef Oleksy.
- 2000 - The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
- 2000 - Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
- 2002 - U.S. invasion of Afghanistan: Operation Anaconda begins in eastern Afghanistan.
- 2002 - The Envisat environmental satellite successfully reaches an orbit 800 kilometers (500 miles) above the Earth on its 11th launch, carrying the heaviest payload to date at 8500 kilograms (9.5 tons).
- 2002 - The Peseta is discontinued as official currency of Spain and is replaced with the euro (€).
- 2003 - Management of the United States Customs Service and the United States Secret Service move to the United States Department of Homeland Security.
- 2004 - Terry Nichols is convicted of state murder charges and being an accomplice to Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh.
- 2004 - The TV game show The Price is Right airs its 6,000 episode.
- 2004 - Punycode adopted by the national registrars of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
- 2004 - Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum becomes President of Iraq.

Births


- 1445 - Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (d. 1510)
- 1456 - King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (d. 1516)
- 1474 - Angela Merici, Italian nun (d. 1540)
- 1547 - Rudolph Goclenius, German philosopher (d. 1628)
- 1597 - Jean-Charles de la Faille, Belgian mathematician (d. 1652)
- 1610 - John Pell, English mathematician (d. 1685)
- 1657 - Samuel Werenfels, Swiss theologian (d. 1740)
- 1683 - Caroline of Ansbach, queen of George II of Great Britain (d. 1737)
- 1760 - François Nicolas Leonard Buzot, French revolutionary (suicide) (d. 1794)
- 1769 - François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French general (d. 1796)
- 1807 - Wilford Woodruff, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1898)
- 1810 - Frédéric Chopin, Polish-French composer and pianist (d. 1849)
- 1812 - Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (d. 1852)
- 1821 - Joseph Hubert Reinkens, German Old Catholic bishop (d. 1896)
- 1837 - William Dean Howells, American writer, historian, editor, and politician (d. 1920)
- 1852 - Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (d. 1923)
- 1858 - Georg Simmel, German sociologist and philosopher (d. 1918)
- 1865 - Abe Iso, Japanese politician (d. 1949)
- 1871 - Ben Harney, American composer and ragtime pianist (d. 1938)
- 1876 - Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian International Olympic Committee president (d. 1942)
- 1880 - Giles Lytton Strachey British writer (d. 1932)
- 1886 - Oskar Kokoschka, Austrian painter, graphic artist, and poet (d. 1980)
- 1888 - Ewart Astill, English cricketer (d. 1948)
- 1889 - Watsuji Tetsuro, Japanese ethicist and philosopher (d. 1960)
- 1892 - Ryunosuke Akutagawa, Japanese writer (d. 1927)
- 1893 - Mercedes de Acosta, American poet, playwright, costume designer, and socialite (d. 1968)
- 1896 - Dimitri Mitropoulos, Greek conductor, pianist, and composer (d. 1960)
- 1901 - Pietro Spiggia, Italian poet
- 1904 - Glenn Miller, American bandleader (d. 1944)
- 1910 - Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
- 1910 - David Niven, English actor (d. 1983)
- 1914 - Ralph Ellison, American writer (d. 1994)
- 1917 - Robert Lowell, American poet (d. 1977)
- 1918 - Roger Delgado, British actor (d. 1973)
- 1918 - João Goulart, President of Brazil (d. 1976)
- 1920 - Howard Nemerov, American poet (d. 1991)
- 1921 - Terence Cardinal Cooke, American Catholic archbishop (d. 1983)
- 1921 - Richard Wilbur, American poet
- 1922 - William Gaines, American publisher (d. 1992)
- 1922 - Yitzhak Rabin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1995)
- 1923 - Kuczka Péter, Hungarian writer, poet, and editor (d. 1999)
- 1924 - Deke Slayton, astronaut (d. 1993)
- 1926 - Robert Clary, French actor
- 1926 - Alvin "Pete" Rozelle, commissioner of American football (d. 1996)
- 1927 - Harry Belafonte, American musician and actor
- 1928 - Dr. Seymour Papert, South African mathematician and artificial intelligence researcher
- 1928 - Jacques Rivette, French film director
- 1929 - Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident, (d. 1978)
- 1935 - Robert Conrad, American actor
- 1936 - Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian writer (b. 1871)
- 1937 - Jed Allan, American actor
- 1942 - Richard Bowman Myers, U.S. general and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
- 1943 - Gil Amelio, American businessman and venture capitalist
- 1944 - John Breaux, U,S. Senator from Louisiana
- 1944 - Mike D'Abo, British singer (Mannfred Mann)
- 1944 - Roger Daltrey, English musician (The Who)
- 1945 - Dirk Benedict, American film and television actor
- 1946 - Lana Wood, American actress
- 1947 - Alan Thicke, Canadian actor and songwriter
- 1948 - Burning Spear, Jamaican singer and musician
- 1952 - Steven Barnes, American writer
- 1953 - Richard Bruton, Irish politician and economist
- 1954 - Catherine Bach, American actress
- 1954 - Ron Howard, American actor, director, and producer
- 1956 - Timothy Daly, American actor
- 1958 - Bertrand Piccard, Swiss balloonist and psychiatrist
- 1963 - Dan Michaels, musician and record producer
- 1963 - Thomas Anders, German singer (Modern talking)
- 1965 - Stewart Elliott, Canadian jockey
- 1967 - Aron Winter, Dutch soccer player
- 1969 - Javier Bardem, Spanish actor
- 1969 - Dafydd Ieuan, Welsh drummer (Super Furry Animals)
- 1970 - Jason Brock, American writer
- 1971 - Tyler Hamilton, American cyclist
- 1973 - Chris Webber, American basketball player
- 1973 - Ryan Peake, Canadian guitarist (Nickelback)
- 1974 - Mark-Paul Gosselaar, American actor
- 1977 - Rens Blom, Dutch athlete
- 1980 - Djimi Traore, Malian footballer
- 1981 - Adam LaVorgna, American actor

Deaths


- 1131 - King Stephen II of Hungary (b. 1101)
- 1233 - Count Thomas I of Savoy (b. 1178)
- 1244 - Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, son of Llywelyn the Great (b. 1200)
- 1383 - Amadeus VI of Savoy (b. 1334)
- 1510 - Francisco de Almeida, Portuguese soldier and explorer
- 1536 - Bernardo Accolti, Italian poet (b. 1465)
- 1546 - George Wishart, Scottish religious reformer (martyred) (b 1513)
- 1620 - Thomas Campion, English poet and composer (b. 1567)
- 1633 - George Herbert, English poet and orator (b. 1593)
- 1643 - Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (b. 1583)
- 1661 - Richard Zouch, English jurist (b. 1590)
- 1697 - Francesco Redi, Italian physician (b. 1626)
- 1706 - Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (b. 1632)
- 1734 - Roger North, English biographer (b. 1653)
- 1757 - Edward Moore, English writer (b. 1712)
- 1768 - Hermann Samuel Reimarus, German philosopher and writer (b. 1694)
- 1773 - Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (b. 1700)
- 1777 - Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (b. 1715)
- 1792 - Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1747)
- 1841 - Claude Victor-Perrin, duc de Belluno, French marshal (b. 1764)
- 1862 - Peter Barlow, English mathematician (b. 1776)
- 1875 - Tristan Corbière, French poet (b. 1845)
- 1879 - Joachim Heer, Swiss politician (b. 1825)
- 1884 - Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician (b. 1820)
- 1898 - George Bruce Malleson, English officer in India, author (b. 1825)
- 1911 - Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
- 1912 - George Grossmith, English actor and comic writer (b. 1847)
- 1914 - Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto (b. 1845)
- 1920 - John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (b. 1842)
- 1920 - Joseph Trumpeldor, Russian Zionist (b. 1880)
- 1922 - Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, Spanish footballer (b. 1892)
- 1932 - Frank Teschemacher, American jazz clarinettist
- 1938 - Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. 1863)
- 1940 - Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Estonian author (b. 1878)
- 1943 - Alexandre Yersin, Swiss physician (b. 1863)
- 1952 - Mariano Azuela, Mexican novelist (b. 1873)
- 1966 - Fritz Houtermans, German physicist (b. 1903)
- 1970 - Lucille Hegamin, American singer and entertainer (b. 1894)
- 1974 - Bobby Timmons, American jazz pianist (b. 1935)
- 1979 - Mustafa Barzani, Kurdish politician (b. 1903)
- 1984 - Jackie Coogan, American actor (b. 1914)
- 1988 - Joe Besser, American comedian and actor (b. 1907)
- 1991 - Edwin H. Land, American inventor (b. 1909)
- 1995 - Vladislav Listyev, Russian television journalist (b. 1956)
- 2000 - Dennis Danell, American guitarist (Social Distortion) (b. 1961)
- 2003 - Fidel Sánchez Hernández, President of El Salvador (b. 1917)

Holidays and observances


- Korea - Independence Movement Day (Samiljeol; 삼일절)
- Roman Empire - Matronalia in honor of Juno
- Roman Empire - Feriae Marti in honor of Mars
- Roman Empire - New Year
- Roman Empire - The sacred fire of Rome was renewed (See Vesta)
- Saint David's Day (National Holiday of Wales)
- World Day of Prayer
- Bahá'í Faith - Last Day (4 or 5) of Ayyám-i-Há (Intercalary Days) - days in the Bahá'í calendar devoted to service and gift giving.
- Labour day - Western Australia
- Eight Hours Day - Tasmania, Australia
- Martenitsa - a seasonal holiday in Bulgaria
- Martisor - a seasonal holiday in Romania
- Iceland - This day is called the Beer Day, but this day in 1989 beer was allowed again
- Historically, March 1st was considered to be the beginning of the year. The names of some months reflect this. (September = Seventh, October = Eighth, November = Ninth, December = Tenth). (see New Year) If the days of the year were counted from March 1, till the next March 1, each date of the year would have the same number every year, unlike counting from January 1.

Seasons beginning March 1

In Denmark, spring begins on March 1, while in Australia autumn begins on March 1.

Year Beginning March 1

If one begins each year on March 1, then each date will have the same day number in this year, regardless of whether it is a leap year or not (e.g. December 25 is always day 300). Also the months follow a regular 5-month cycle of 153 days, till the end of February. This can be seen by listing the number of days in the months thus: Mar 31 Aug 31 Jan 31 Apr 30 Sep 30 Feb 28/29 May 31 Oct 31 Jun 30 Nov 30 Jul 31 Dec 31 This regularity is sometimes used in calendar calculations.

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/1 BBC: On This Day] ---- February 28 - February 29 - (February 30) - March 2 - February 1 - April 1 -- listing of all days ko:3월 1일 ms:1 Mac ja:3月1日 simple:March 1 th:1 มีนาคม

Sweden

The Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: ) is a Nordic country in Scandinavia, in Northern Europe. It is bordered by Norway on the west, Finland on the northeast, the Skagerrak Strait and the Kattegat Strait on the southwest, and the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Bothnia on the east. Sweden has a low population density except in its metropolitan areas, with most of the inland consisting of forests and mountainous wilderness. Following the decline of the Viking Age, Sweden spent a couple of centuries fighting with its neighbouring countries Denmark (from the 12th century 1710), and Norway (in the 16th and 17th century). In the 17th and 18th centuries Sweden extended its territory through warfare and became a Great Power, twice its current size. The extended territory was subsequently lost within a century. Since 1814, Sweden has been at peace, adopting a policy of keeping free of alliances. Sweden was one of the poorest countries in Europe in the 19th century, shaped by heavy alcohol consumption, until improved transportation and communication allowed it to utilize natural assets from different parts of the country, most notably timber and iron ore, which allowed the creation of a welfare state in the early 20th century. Today, the country is defined by liberal tendencies and a strong national quest for equality, and usually ranks among the top nations in the UN Human Development Index.

History

Pre-history

For details, see: Prehistoric Sweden Soon after the recession of the last ice age, Sweden became populated by hunters and gatherers, during the Stone Age (6000 BC – 4000 BC). The region developed rather slowly compared to southern Europe; while the Romans wrote poetry, Scandinavia had just entered the Iron Age. Sweden was first mentioned in the 1st century, by Roman historian Tacitus, who wrote that the Suiones tribe lived out in the sea and were powerful in both arms and ships. This referred to the inhabitants of eastern Sweden: Svealand, primarily around lake Mälaren; towns of Stockholm, Sigtuna, and Birka. From this tribe, Sweden derived its name. The southern parts, on the other hand, were inhabited by Geats (Götar) in the Götaland territory. Little is known for certain about that time, but chronicles based on Norse sagas and the Beowulf epos go back about 2,000 years. During the Viking Age of the 9th and 10th century, Swedish vikings travelled east setting its mark on the Baltic countries, Russia, the Black Sea, further through the rivers of Russia down south to Constantinople and southern Europe.

Middle Ages

For details, see: Early Swedish history and Foundation of Modern Sweden With Christianization in the 12th century, the country became consolidated, with its centre in the water-ways of the northern Baltic and the Gulf of Finland. In the 14th century Sweden, like the rest of Europe, was struck by the Black Death (the Plague), with all its effect. During the middle ages, the expansion of Sweden into the northern wilderness of Laplandia, the Scandinavian peninsula, and present-day Finland continued. Finland was a part of Sweden proper from 1362 until 1809. In 1389, Norway, Denmark and Sweden were united under a single monarch in a treaty known as the Kalmar Union. After several wars and disputes between these nations, King Gustav I of Sweden (House of Vasa) broke free in 1521 and established a nation state, considered the foundation of modern Sweden. Shortly afterwards he rejected Catholicism and led Sweden to the Protestant Reformation. Gustav I is considered to be Sweden's "Father of the Nation". He was the first monarch from the House of Vasa. The House of Vasa also ruled between 1587 and 1668 in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 1592 and 1599 Sweden and Poland were ruled in a personal union by Sigismund I Vasa.

A major power

Sigismund I Vasa (orange) overlayed by present day Sweden (red)]] For details, see: Rise of Sweden as a Great Power, Swedish Empire, Sweden and the Great Northern War, Absolute Monarchy in Sweden, Sweden-Finland and Union between Sweden and Norway The 17th century saw the rise of Sweden as one of the great powers in Europe, due to successful participation, initiated by King Gustav II Adolph, in the Thirty Years' War and by Charles X Gustav of Sweden in the The Deluge of Poland. Mighty as it was, it crumbled in the 18th century with Imperial Russia taking the reins of northern Europe in the Great Northern War, and finally in 1809 when the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland was created out of the eastern half of Sweden. After Denmark was defeated in the Napoleonic wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Kiel. This led to the Campaign against Norway, which was fought in 1814, and ended with the Convention of Moss, which forced Norway into a union with Sweden that was not dissolved until 1905. But the campaign also signified the last of the Swedish wars and its 200 years of peace are arguably unique in the world today.

Modern history

For details, see: Modernization of Sweden The 19th century saw a significant population increase, generally attributed to peace, vaccination, and potatoes, doubling the population from 1750 to 1850. Many people in the countryside, where most Swedes lived, found themselves unemployed. The result was poverty, alcoholism, and massive emigration; it is believed that between 1850 and 1910 more than one million Swedes moved to the United States alone. In the early 20th century, more Swedes lived in Chicago than in Sweden's second biggest city, Gothenburg. However, as the Industrial revolution progressed during the century, people gradually began moving into cities to work in factories, and became involved in Socialistic unions. A threatening Socialist revolution was avoided in 1917, following the re-introduction of Parliamentarism, and the country was democratized.

Recent history

For details, see: Industrialization of Sweden and Sweden during World War II
Sweden remained neutral during World War I and World War II, although its neutrality during World War II has been disputed.