Interstate 464
Interstate 464 is a six mile long loop route of Interstate 64. Interstate 464 links I-64 and Interstate 264 in the downtown areas of Norfolk and Chesapeake, Virginia.
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Category:Norfolk, Virginia
Interstate 64
Interstate 64 is an Interstate Highway in the eastern United States. Its western terminus is just west of an interchange with Missouri Highway K in O'Fallon, Missouri; its eastern terminus is at an intersection with Interstate 264 and Interstate 664 at Bowers Hill in Chesapeake, Virginia.
The Missouri Department of Transportation is currently extending Interstate 64 to Interstate 70 in Wentzville, Missouri. Currently an interchange is being built at Route N in St. Charles County, Missouri. This interchange will also accommodate the future tie in of the Missouri Route 364 freeway to I-64. In 2007, construction will start to rebuild 12 miles of Interstate 64 from Spoede Rd. to Boyle Ave[http://www.thenewi64.org]. This project will include repaving the entire road, rebuilding the overpasses and interchanges, adding a fourth lane between Spoede Rd. and Interstate 170, and connecting Interstate 64 to Interstate 170 in all directions. MoDOT will use the Design-Build method in order to complete the project in as little as three years.
Length
Notable cities along the route
Design-Build
- Saint Louis, Missouri
- Evansville, Indiana (via Interstate 164)
- Louisville, Kentucky
- Frankfort, Kentucky
- Lexington, Kentucky
- Ashland, Kentucky (via US 60 and US 23)
- Huntington, West Virginia
- Charleston, West Virginia
- Beckley, West Virginia
- Lexington, Virginia
- Charlottesville, Virginia
- Richmond, Virginia
- Williamsburg, Virginia
- Newport News, Virginia
- Hampton, Virginia
- Norfolk, Virginia
- Virginia Beach, Virginia
- Chesapeake, Virginia
Intersections with other Interstates
- Interstate 55 in Saint Louis, Missouri. They stay connected until East Saint Louis, Illinois.
- Interstate 70 in Saint Louis, Missouri. They stay connected until East Saint Louis, Illinois.
- Interstate 57 for 5 miles (8 km) around Mount Vernon, Illinois
- Interstate 65 in Louisville, Kentucky
- Interstate 71 in Louisville, Kentucky
- Interstate 75 for 6 miles (10 km) in Lexington, Kentucky
- Interstate 77 in Charleston, West Virginia. They stay connected until Beckley, West Virginia.
- Interstate 79 stops at Interstate 77 one mile north of Interstate 64 at Charleston, West Virginia.
- Interstate 81 in Lexington, Virginia. They stay connected until Staunton, Virginia.
- Interstate 95 for 4 miles (6.5 km) in Richmond, Virginia ([http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Richmond,+Virginia&ll=37.554104,-77.446060&spn=0.122562,0.180038&hl=en Map])
Spur routes
- Spur to Evansville, Indiana - I-164
- Louisville, Kentucky - I-264; also called the Watterson Expressway (this is the inner beltway at Louisville; the outer beltway is I-265)
- Hampton Roads area, Virginia - I-264, I-464, I-564, I-664
Notes
- The final section of Interstate 64 to be completed was in West Virginia between Sam Black Church and the West Virginia Turnpike near Beckley. This section, opened in 1988, is 38 miles long, and cost about $300 million to build, making it one of the most costly sections in the entire U.S. Interstate Highway System. It crosses some particularly rugged terrain, in one area descending at a 7% grade over nearly 5 miles, necessitating two emergency truck escape ramps to help runaway trucks stop safely. The ramps were used with such frequency that a truck speed advisory system was installed to automatically weigh each truck and indicate the speed at which it should begin the downhill section. The system has been plagued with problems since its installation; nevertheless, the journey from Charleston to Lewisburg is far quicker and far safer than the previous trip on U.S. 60, much of which winds through the mountains as a two-lane road.
- Tolls are still collected on the portion of I-64 which is shared with Interstate 77 on the West Virginia Turnpike between Beckley and Charleston.
- The terrain, possibly coupled with politics, results in the highway crossing the Kanawha River on major bridges no less than four times in the Charleston area.
- The eastern terminus of I-64 is not the road's easternmost point. After crossing Hampton Roads through the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel and entering Norfolk, the road makes a wide loop toward Virginia Beach and through that city's northwest side. The road then curves toward its final destination on the west side of Chesapeake. From the point where the road enters Chesapeake, I-64 East actually runs westward, ending at a location known as Bower's Hill near the edge of the Great Dismal Swamp where it joins Interstate 664.
- The portion of Interstate 64 east from its junction with Interstate 664 in Hampton, and all of Interstate 664 form the Hampton Roads Beltway.
- Interstate 64 has two three-digit bypasses that are shorter than the main leg, both in the Hampton Roads area.
- Interstate 664, which connects the Virginia Peninsula to South Hampton Roads on the western side of Chesapeake (and to the eastern terminus of I-64), is about 15 miles (24 km) shorter than the bypassed main leg.
- The bypass segment of I-264, which passes through downtown Norfolk, is about a mile (1.6 km) shorter than the main leg it bypasses.
- Interstate 264 in the Hampton Roads area is an unusual 3-digit interstate that contains both a bypass and a spur route.
- The bypass section is a direct connection to downtown Norfolk and Portsmouth.
- The spur section, which runs from I-64 toward Virginia Beach's seaside resort district, was originally the Virginia Beach Expressway, a toll road designated as Virginia Highway 44. The tolls were removed in 1995 and the former toll road was renumbered as part of I-264 in 1999.
- Part of the Blue Star Memorial Highway system.
Reference
- Cahal, Sherman. "Interstate 64." American Byways. 17 July 2005 [http://www.americanbyways.com/index.php?catid=16 http://www.americanbyways.com/index.php?catid=16].
- 2005 Rand McNally "The Road Atlas 2005" - newest feature- interstate mileage by state
- MoDOT: The New I-66 [http://www.thenewi64.org/].
See also
Interstate Highways in West Virginia
External links
- [http://www.americanbyways.com/index.php?catid=16 American Byways's Interstate 64 Article]
- [http://www.wvturnpike.com/ West Virginia Turnpike official website]
- [http://www.roadstothefuture.com/I64_I77_WVa.html Roads to the Future website]
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Interstate 264 (Virginia)
Interstate 264 is an unusual 3-digit interstate that contains both a bypass and a spur off Interstate 64 in the Hampton Roads area of Virginia. It also features drawbridge, a rarity on the U.S. Interstate Highway System.
The Elizabeth River separates Norfolk and Portsmouth, Virginia. The bypass section of I-264 is a direct connection to downtown Norfolk and Portsmouth, and links the two cities through the Berkley Bridge, a cantilevered drawbridge over the East Branch of the Elizabeth River, and the dual-tube Downtown Tunnel under the South Branch of the Elizabeth River. Interstate 464 connects with it at the point in the Berkley section of Norfolk between the Berkley Bridge and the Downtown Tunnel.
The western end of I-264 connects with Interstate 664 at a portion of the Hampton Roads Beltway near Bower's Hill and the Great Dismal Swamp. The bypass segment of I-264, which passes through downtown Norfolk and Portsmouth, is about a mile shorter than the main leg it bypasses.
The spur section of I-264 is effectively a continuation of the bypass portion, running from its intersection with I-64 on the eastern portion of the Hampton Roads Beltway due east toward Virginia Beach's oceanfront seaside resort district. This portion was originally built with toll revenue bond financing as the Virginia Beach Expressway, a toll road designated as Virginia State Route 44. After the bonds were retired and tolls were removed in 1995, Virginia Route 44 was converted to a freeway, and in 1999, the I-264 designation was added.
The Berkley Bridge is one of only a small number of drawbridges on the Interstate Highway System.
See also
- Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel
- Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel
- Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel
- List of bridges
- List of tunnels
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Norfolk, Virginia
Norfolk is a city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States of America. It is an independent city, and therefore not included in any county. Norfolk is one of Virginia's largest cities; as of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 234,403. However, a recent 2004 census shows that the city's population has since risen to 237,835.
Norfolk is located on the Elizabeth River, in Hampton Roads, a large natural harbor. It is a part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, officially known as the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC MSA.
The city has a long history as a strategic military and transportation point. Norfolk is home to both the Norfolk Naval Base, the world's largest naval base, and the Norfolk Southern Railway, one of North America's principal Class I railroads. It has many miles of riverfront and bayfront property, and is linked with its neighbors through an extensive network of Interstate highways, bridges, tunnels, and bridge-tunnel complexes.
Since the 1970s, the downtown area and waterfront has undergone substantial revitalization. It is home to the Norfolk Tides, the top International League affiliate of the New York Mets, and the Norfolk Admirals, the American Hockey League affiliate of the Chicago Blackhawks.
History
The site of what is now Norfolk was originally the Chesipean Indian town Skicoak. (The Chesipeans had been destroyed by Powhatan by the time of the arrival of the first English settlers, who, in 1585, settled on Roanoke Island in modern-day North Carolina. In 1591, the colony of Roanoke disappeared without a trace.) The city was laid out in 1682 and incorporated in 1845. It became an independent city from Norfolk County in 1871.
On New Year's Day, 1776 the royal governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore shelled the city of Norfolk. (A cannonball from Dunmore's seige may be viewed today in the wall of St. Paul's Episcopal Church.) Dunmore's forces had been defeated at the Battle of Great Bridge and he was seeking to take control of the rebellious colony. The damage from the shells and fire destroyed 800 buildings, almost two-thirds of the city. Colonists, essentially completing the destruction of the city, later destroyed another 400 buildings as part of a scorched earth policy.
In 1855, the city suffered an epidemic of yellow fever which killed 1 of every 3 citizens. In 1858, the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad built by William Mahone was completed to Petersburg, where major connections were made with railroads to points north, west, and south. During the US Civil War, in 1862, the Battle of Hampton Roads between the ironclads Monitor and Merrimac was fought off Norfolk. Early in the war, Mahone commanded the city's defenses during the period of Confederate occupation which ended in May, 1862.
In the late 19th century, the Norfolk and Western Railway established the community as a major coal export port and built a large transloading facility at Lambert's Point. The year 1907 brought the Virginian Railway and the Jamestown Exposition to Sewell's Point. The large naval review at the Exposition demonstrated the favorable location, laying the groundwork for the Norfolk Navy Base which was built there beginning in 1917. The city limits were expanded in 1923 to include Sewell's Point, Willoughby Spit, and Ocean View, adding the Navy Base and miles of beach property fronting on Hampton Roads and the Chesapeake Bay. Ward's Corner, then just outside Norfolk, became the first non-downtown shopping district in the country.
Today, Norfolk is experiencing a great deal of urban renewal. Beginning in the late 1970s, mall-developer James W. Rouse developed Waterside in downtown Norfolk, a festival marketplace concept which helped transform a formerly seedy harbor area into a major catalyst for other redevelopment. Downtown Norfolk is clean, attractive and growing quickly. The Ghent community has become popular with artistic types and yuppies. Many other areas of Norfolk are being revitalized, including Ocean View and East Beach, both on the Chesapeake Bay.
Norfolk features
Norfolk is a major military center. With Portsmouth (directly across the Elizabeth River), it forms an extensive naval complex. The headquarters of the 5th Naval District, the Atlantic Fleet, the 2nd Fleet, and the Supreme Allied Command are at Sewell's Point. The Norfolk Navy Base is the largest naval base in the United States and includes a naval air station and other facilities. Several vessels of the Navy have been named USS Norfolk after the city.
General Douglas MacArthur is buried in the city; there is a small museum for him, and a major shopping mall across the street from his burial site is named for him. The city is home to Old Dominion University, Eastern Virginia Medical School and Norfolk State University(fifth largest black university in America); Virginia Wesleyan College, a private liberal arts college,lies within Norfolk City limits. The city's public school system comprises 5 high schools, 8 middle schools, 34 elementary schools, and 9 special-purpose/preschools. Norfolk Public Schools recently received a 2005 National Academic Award for having one of the most outstanding public school systems in the nation. Norfolk Academy, founded in 1728, is the city's oldest private school.
Norfolk Southern Corporation, a Fortune 500 company and fourth largest railroad line in America has its headquarters in downtown Norfolk. The international headquarters of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals are located on the city's waterfront just to the west of downtown.
Waterside is a popular festival marketplace attraction.
Pronunciation
Many longtime residents of Norfolk and Hampton Roads generally pronounce the city's name (IPA) , while others in the state use the pronunciation . The "L" in Norfolk is generally only pronounced by those from other locales and is considered incorrect by most people from the region. Similar pronunciation variations are found in the names of other Hampton Roads cities, such as Portsmouth and Suffolk.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 249.4 km² (96.3 mi²). 139.2 km² (53.7 mi²) of it is land and 110.3 km² (42.6 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 44.22% water.
In addition to extensive riverfront property, Norfolk has miles of bayfront resort property and beaches in the Willoughby Spit and Ocean View communities.
Demographics
Ocean View, Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia from space, July 1996. Norfolk is located in the upper right quadrant.]]
As of the census of 2000, there are 234,403 people, 86,210 households, and 51,898 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,684.4/km² (4,362.8/mi²). There are 94,416 housing units at an average density of 678.5/km² (1,757.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 48.36% White, 44.11% African American, 0.46% Native American, 2.81% Asian, 0.11% Pacific Islander, 1.67% from other races, and 2.48% from two or more races. 3.80% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 86,210 households out of which 30.3% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.9% are married couples living together, 18.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% are non-families. 30.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.6% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.45 and the average family size is 3.07.
The age distribution is 24.0% under the age of 18, 18.2% from 18 to 24, 29.9% from 25 to 44, 16.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 30 years. For every 100 females there are 104.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 104.8 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $31,815, and the median income for a family is $36,891. Males have a median income of $25,848 versus $21,907 for females. The per capita income for the city is $17,372. 19.4% of the population and 15.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 27.9% of those under the age of 18 and 13.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Transportation
Norfolk is linked with its neighbors through an extensive network of arterial and Interstate highways, bridges, tunnels, and bridge-tunnel complexes, notably the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel which enters Norfolk at Willoughby Spit. The major east-west routes are Interstate 64, U.S. Highway 58 and U.S. Highway 460. The major north-south routes are U.S. Highway 13 and U.S. Highway 17.
An extensive transit bus system and paratransit services are provided by Hampton Roads Transit, a regional public transport system headquartered in Norfolk. A light rail service is in planning stages.
Norfolk is served by Amtrak via connecting bus with the railroad line across Hampton Roads which terminates at Newport News, and runs west along the Virginia Peninsula to Richmond. A high speed rail connection at Richmond to both the Northeast Corridor and the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor are also under study.
Norfolk and the rest of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area (including Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Newport News, Hampton, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Williamsburg and Poquoson, Virginia) are served by Norfolk International Airport and Newport News/Williamsburg International Airport.
Trivia
- The Norfolk Naval Shipyard or "Norfolk Navy Yard" is in Portsmouth, Virginia. They could not name it the "Portsmouth Naval Shipyard," because there was already one of those in Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
- South Norfolk is a community in Chesapeake.
- West Norfolk is a community in Portsmouth, as is Port Norfolk.
Sister Cities
Norfolk has five sister cities, as designated by [http://www.sister-cities.org/ Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI)]: Kaliningrad (Russia), Kitakyushu, Fukuoka (Japan), Norfolk County/Norwich (United Kingdom), Toulon (France), and Wilhelmshaven, Niedersachsen (Germany).
See also
- List of famous people from Hampton Roads
External links
- [http://www.norfolk.gov/ City of Norfolk]
- [http://www.norfolkvisitor.com/ Visitor's Guide]
- [http://www.norfolkcvb.com/ Norfolk Convention and Visitor's Bureau]
Category:Cities in Virginia
Category:Norfolk, Virginia
ja:ノーフォーク (バージニア州)
Chesapeake, VirginiaChesapeake is an independent city located in the South Hampton Roads region of eastern Virginia in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 199,184, but as of 2004, the population estimates given by the U.S. Census Bureau was 214,725.
Chesapeake is one of the larger cities in Virginia and the nation in terms of land, a fact that poses challenges to city leaders in supporting a large infrastructure. The presence of many historically and geographically distinct communities also poses challenges to city leaders.
History
The city was created in 1963, when the former independent city of South Norfolk was consolidated with Norfolk County and reincorporated (approval from the Virginia General Assembly) as the new City of Chesapeake. The new name was selected through a voter referendum.
For more history of these predecessors, see articles on Norfolk County and South Norfolk
Chesapeake's history goes far back into Virginia's colonial roots. The Intracoastal Waterway passes through Chesapeake. On the waterway, at Great Bridge where the locks transition you from the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River to the Chesapeake and Albemarle Canal lies the site of the Battle of Great Bridge. This American Revolutionary War battle was responsible for removing Lord Dunmore and any other vestige of English Government for the Colony of Virginia during the early days of the Revolution on December 9, 1775.
The Dismal Swamp Canal runs through Chesapeake as well. The site of this canal was surveyed by George Washington, among others, and is know as "Washington's Ditch." It is the oldest continuously used man made canal in the United States today and has been in service for over 230 years. The canal begins in the Deep Creek section of the city branching off from the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River. The canal runs through Chesapeake paralleling U.S. Highway 17 into North Carolina and will take you to Elizabeth City, North Carolina.
Until the late 1980s and early 1990s, much of Chesapeake was either suburban or rural, serving as a bedroom community of the adjacent cities of Norfolk and Virginia Beach with residents commuting to these locations. Beginning in the late 1980s and accelerating in the 1990s, however, Chesapeake saw significant growth, attracting numerous and significant industries and businesses of its own. This explosive growth quickly led to strains on the municipal infrastructure, ranging from intrusion of saltwater into the city's water supply to congested roads and schools.
Geography
Virginia Beach
Chesapeake is located at 36°46'2" North, 76°17'14" West (36.767398, -76.287405).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 908.8 km² (350.9 mi²). 882.5 km² (340.7 mi²) of it is land and 26.4 km² (10.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 2.90% water.
The northeastern part of the Great Dismal Swamp is located in Chesapeake.
Adjacent counties and cities
- Portsmouth, Virginia (north)
- Norfolk, Virginia (north)
- Virginia Beach, Virginia (east)
- Currituck County, North Carolina (south)
- Camden County, North Carolina (south)
- Suffolk, Virginia (west)
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there are 199,184 people, 69,900 households, and 54,172 families residing in the city. The population density is 225.7/km² (584.6/mi²). There are 72,672 housing units at an average density of 82.4/km² (213.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 66.87% White, 28.53% Black or African American, 0.39% Native American, 1.84% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.70% from other races, and 1.62% from two or more races. 2.05% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There are 69,900 households out of which 41.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.7% are married couples living together, 14.0% have a female householder with no husband present, and 22.5% are non-families. 18.0% of all households are made up of individuals and 5.9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.79 and the average family size is 3.17.
The age distribution is: 28.8% under the age of 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 32.3% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 9.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 94.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $50,743, and the median income for a family is $56,302. Males have a median income of $39,204 versus $26,391 for females. The per capita income for the city is $20,949. 7.3% of the population and 6.1% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 9.7% of those under the age of 18 and 9.0% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
Along with the rest of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area (including Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Newport News, Hampton, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Williamsburg and Poquoson, Virginia), Chesapeake is served by Norfolk International Airport.
Chesapeake in the News
Chesapeake made national headlines in 2003 when, under a court-ordered change of venue, the community hosted the first trial of convicted murderer Beltway sniper Lee Boyd Malvo for one of the 2002 terrorist-style attacks. A jury spared him a potential death penalty, choosing a sentence of "life in prison without parole" instead for the young man, who was 17 years old at the time of the crime spree. A jury in neighboring Virginia Beach sentenced his older partner John Allen Muhammad to death for another of the attacks.
See article Beltway Sniper Attacks
After receiving complaints, the Chesapeake Public Library removed a painting by Karen Kinser, "Morning Dreamer," from the walls of its Central Branch. The painting displays a single bare female breast. The decision sparked controversy because some viewed it as an attack on intellectual liberty. Commentators were quick to note that the Virginia state flag also displays a female figure with a [http://home.hamptonroads.com/stories/story.cfm?story=90056&ran=159895 bare breast].
Communities
- Bowers Hill
- Buell
- Deep Creek
- Fentress
- Great Bridge
- Greenbrier
- Hickory
- Hodges Ferry
- South Norfolk (formerly incorporated town and independent city)
- Wallaceton
- Western Branch
See also
- List of famous people from Hampton Roads
- Norfolk County, Virginia
- Origin of Chesapeake Name
External links
[http://www.cityofchesapeake.net/ City of Chesapeake]
Category:Chesapeake, Virginia
Category:Cities in Virginia
Category:Boomburbs
Category:Three-digit Interstate Highways
Category:Norfolk, VirginiaCategory:Cities in Virginia KachakKachak were guerilla units consisting of emigrants from Albania and ethnic Albanians which fought in Kosovo against Serbs during the period after World War I.
- [http://lamar.colostate.edu/~grjan/kosovohistory.html An article on ethnic conflict between Serbs and Albanians in Kosovo.]
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