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Irish Parliamentary Party

Irish Parliamentary Party

In 1882 Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Nationalist Party, formed the Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP), replacing the Home Rule League, as a parliamentary party with strict rules. Each member was required to swear an oath to sit, act and vote with the party, one of the first instances of a whip in western politics. The members were also given a salary from party funds, long before other MPs, which helped both to increase parliamentary turnout and to enable middle-class members such as William O'Brien or D.D. Sheehan to be elected. It was instrumental in laying the groundwork for Irish self-government. Following Parnell's fall in 1891, it split into Parnellite and anti-Parnellite wings, but reunited in 1900 under the leadership of John Redmond and his deputy John Dillon. Around this time many notable Acts of social legislation were pressed for and passed in Ireland's interest:
a Local Government Act (1898), a Town Tenant's Act, Housing of the Working Class Act, Department of Agriculture Act, Technical Instructers Act, a New University Act (1908), three Land Acts (1903, 1906, 1909) - contributing greatly to the solution of the contentious land question, an Evicted Tenants Act and an Old Age Pensions Act. In particular the Local Government Act abolished the old landlord-dominated Grand Juries and replaced them by forty-nine county, urban and rural district councils, managed by Irish people for the administration of local affairs. The councils were very popular in Ireland as they established a political class, who showed themselves capable of running Irish affairs. It also stimulated the desire to attain Home Rule and to manage affairs on a national level. A consequence of this was that the councils were largely dominated by the IPP, which eventually led to cronyism. Following the December 1910 general election and the passing of the Parliament Act limiting the veto power of the Lords, the party subsequently achieved Home Rule, which promised national self-government under the Third Home Rule Act 1914. The provision for the partition of Ireland into North and South was deeply unpopular among nationalists and southern and western Unionists. The outbreak of World War I led to its suspension for the duration of the war. This was to prove crucial to subsequent Irish history. Most of Redmond's Irish National Volunteers, established to help enforce the Home Rule Act in the face of opposition from the Ulster Volunteer Force, responded to his call that in order to ensure that Home Rule would be implemented, they should support Britain's war effort and its commitment under the Triple Entente as well as the Allied cause of maintaining a Europe free from German domination, by joining the Irish divisions of the British Army. Unlike their unionist counterparts in the UVF, they were not permitted to have their own officers and were given English commanders. The 1916 Easter Rising and the British reaction to it, and the clumsy attempt at conscription radicalised Irish politics to such an extent that the IPP lost almost all of their seats in the 1918 general election to the more militant Sinn Féin, and was dissolved. Many IPP members went on to join the pro-Treaty Cumann na nGaedheal in the 1920's. The greatest achievement of the IPP was the introduction to Irish society of parliamentary tradition and all that went with it -- a fully up and running local government administration with its diverse institutions, which had rooted itself more deeply than anyone could have imagined into the life of the country. The party had above all (prior to 1914) contributed in its prime to the political maturity of the nation and to the transformation of its society. This in turn paved the way for the creation of the Irish Free State, in which Dáil Eireann had scarcely started to function before, almost unconsciously , it began to utilise and to build upon the constitutional tradition it had inherited. This is perhaps the highest tribute that can deservedly be bestowed upon the old Irish Parliamentary Party, which during fifty years of hard and exacting as well as frustrating parliamentary labours, established and fostered the development of representative institutions which gave stimulus to democratic action and discussion at every level of political involvement.

Leaders of the Irish Parliamentary Party, 1882-1918

- Charles Stewart Parnell 1882-1891
- John Redmond (Parnellite minority) 1891-1900
- Justin McCarthy (anti-Parnellite majority) 1891-1892
- John Dillon (anti-Parnellite majority) 1892-1900
- John Redmond (reunited party) 1900-1918
- John Dillon 1918

External link

- [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/war/easterrising/profiles/po15.shtml BBC - History - Wars - 1916 Easter Rising - Profiles - Irish Parliamentary Party] Category:History of Ireland 1801-1922 Category:Political parties in pre-partition Ireland Category:Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom

1882

1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).

Events

- January 2 - John D. Rockefeller unites his oil holdings into the Standard Oil trust.
- February 2 - The Knights of Columbus are formed in New Haven, Connecticut
- February 3 - P. T. Barnum purchases the elephant Jumbo
- February 7 - In Mississippi City the last heavyweight boxing championship bareknuckle fight takes place.
- February 14 - Llanelli Conservative Association founded.
- March 2 – Robert Maclean fails to assassinate Queen Victoria at Windsor
- March 22 - Polygamy is outlawed by the U.S. Congress
- March 24 - Robert Koch announces the discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).
- March 29 - The Knights of Columbus are established.
- March - Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claims to be the 'Reformer of Islam or Majaddid' of 14th Century.
- April 3 - Old West outlaw Jesse James is shot in the back and killed by Robert Ford for a $5,000 reward.
- May 2 – Charles Stewart Parnell released
- May 6 - "Invincibles", militant Irish republicans kill Lord Frederick Cavendish, chief secretary for Ireland and permanent undersecretary T.H. Burke in Phoenix Park, Dublin
- May 20 - Triple Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
- June 6 - A cyclone is the Arabian Sea causes flooding in Bombay harbor - about 100.000 dead
- June 30 – Assassin Charles Guiteau hanged
- July 11 - British troops occupy Alexandria and Suez Canal
- July 26 - Boers establish the republic of Stellaland in southern Africa.
- August 5 - Standard Oil of New Jersey is established.
- August 20 - Piotr Ilyitch Tchaikovsky's "1812 Overture" debuts in Moscow.
- September 5 - The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
- September 13 - British troops occupy Cairo - Egypt becomes British protectorate
- October 16 - The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.
- November 16 - Royal Navy HMS Flirt destroys Abari village in Niger

Month/day unknown

- Nikola Tesla conceives rotating magnetic field principle and uses it to invent the alternating current generator/motor
- First Polar Year, an international scientific program.
- Ferdinand von Lindemann publishes his proof of the transcendentality of pi
- Married Women's Property Act in Britain enables women to buy, own and sell property and to keep their own earnings
- Zulu king Cetshwayo returns to South Africa
- Peace treaty between Paraguay and Uruguay
- The British Chartered Institute of Patent Agents is founded.
- Personal Liberty League established to oppose temperance movement in United States.
- Carolyn Merrick elected president of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union.

Births

January-April

- January 6 - Fan S. Noli, Albanian poet and political figure (d. 1965)
- January 6 - Sam Rayburn, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1961)
- January 17 - Noah Beery, American actor (d. 1946)
- January 18 - A. A. Milne, British author (d. 1956)
- January 25 - Virginia Woolf, English writer (d. 1941)
- January 30 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (d. 1945)
- February 1 - Louis Stephen St. Laurent, twelfth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1973)
- February 2 - James Joyce, Irish author (d. 1941)
- February 15 - John Barrymore, American actor (d. 1942)
- February 26 - Husband E. Kimmel, American admiral (d. 1968)
- February 28 - Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (d. 1967)
- March 10 - Gian Francesco Malipiero, Italian composer (d. 1973)
- March 14 - Waclaw Sierpinski Polish mathematician (d. 1969)
- March 15 - Jim Lightbody, American runner (d. 1953)
- March 21 - Gilbert M. 'Broncho Billy' Anderson, American actor (d. 1971)
- March 23 - Emmy Noether, German mathematician (d. 1935)
- April 17 - Artur Schnabel, Polish pianist (d. 1951)
- April 18 - Isabel J. Cox, First Lady of Canada (d. 1985)
- April 18 - Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (d. 1977)
- April 21 - Percy Williams Bridgman, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)

May-December

- May 6 - Crown Prince Wilhelm of Germany, heir of Kaiser Wilhelm II (d. 1951)
- May 9 - Henry J. Kaiser, American industrialist (d. 1967)
- May 9 - George Barker, American painter (d. 1965)
- May 13 - Georges Braque, French painter (d. 1963)
- May 19 - Mohammed Mossadegh, Iranian prime minister (d. 1967)
- May 20 - Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1949)
- May 30 - Wyndham Halswelle, British runner (d. 1915)
- June 9 - Bobby Kerr, Canadian sprinter (d. 1963)
- June 15 - Ion Antonescu, Romanian prime minister and dictator (d. 1946)
- June 17 - Igor Stravinsky, Russian composer (d. 1971)
- August 14 - Gisela Richter, English art historian (d. 1972)
- August 17 - Samuel Goldwyn, Hollywood movie mogul (d. 1974)
- August 25 - Sean T. O'Kelly, second President of Ireland (d. 1966)
- August 26 - James Franck, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
- October 5 - Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist (d. 1945)
- October 6 - Karol Szymanowski, Polish composer (d. 1937)
- October 14 - Eamon de Valera, Taoiseach and third President of Ireland (d. 1975)
- October 14 - Charlie Parker, English cricketer (d. 1959)
- November 11 - King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden (d. 1973)
- December 9 - Joaquín Turina, Spanish composer (d. 1949)
- December 11 - Subramanya Bharathy, Tamil Indian poet (d. 1921)
- December 11 - Max Born, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
- December 16 - Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (d. 1967)

Deaths

- January 13 - Juraj Dobrila, Croatian bishop (b. 1812)
- March 24 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American author (b. 1807)
- April 3 - Jesse James, American Western outlaw (b. 1847)
- April 10 - Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet and painter (b. 1828)
- April 19 - Charles Darwin, British naturalist (b. 1809)
- April 27 - Ralph Waldo Emerson, American philosopher and writer (b. 1803)
- June 25 - François Jouffroy, French sculptor (b. 1806)
- July 4 - Joseph Brackett, Shaker religious leader and composer (b. 1797)
- July 16 - Mary Todd Lincoln, First Lady of the United States (b. 1818)
- December 3 - Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1811)
- December 6 - Alfred Escher, Swiss politician, railroad entrepreneur (b. 1819) Category:1882 ko:1882년 ms:1882 simple:1882 th:พ.ศ. 2425

Nationalist Party (Ireland)

The Nationalist Party existed under various forms from 1874 to 1973. It was founded under Isaac Butt as the Home Rule League. After the death of Butt the party soon divided into radicals led by Charles Stewart Parnell and Whiggish members under William Shaw. Shaw became leader for a year 1879-1880, but was defeated by Parnell the next year. The Whiggish members all lost their seats in 1885. The party was reformed by Parnell as the Irish Parliamentary Party in 1882. The party split in 1891 over the leadership of Parnell. He had been named by party member William O'Shea as the cause for his divorce with his wife Katherine. When the Liberal Party leader William Ewart Gladstone stated that he couldn't work with the party under the circumstances the majority of the party called for his resignation early in 1891. He died that year from pneumonia after fighting three tough by-elections, all of which he lost. This further split the party, with the Parnellite wing, led by John Redmond, blaming the Anti-Parnellites for his death. The party remained split until 1900, when Redmond became leader, with John Dillon, then leader of the Anti-Parnellites, as his deputy. Throughout the period 1900-1910 Tim Healy, D.D. Sheehan and William O'Brien lead breakaway factions, but never achieved more than eight seats, and they usually sat and voted with the rest of the party, except in the case of the 1914 Home Rule Act where they abstained, denouncing it as a partition deal. It seemed that Irish Nationalists might achieve their aim of Home Rule in 1910 when the Liberal government of Herbert Henry Asquith depended on them to stay in power. In exchange for voting for the Parliament Act, they were promised an initial form of national self-government introduced as a third Home Rule Bill in 1912. Under the new provisions the House of Lords could only delay bills for two years, so they expected to have it enacted in 1914. However, militant unionist resistance in Ulster had risen in those years (see Ulster Volunteer Force), supported by Irish Protestant and British Conservative politicians, so that with the outbreak of the First World War, a provision was added to the final Third Home Rule Act 1914 that the bill would not be implemented until after the war, and until a temporary partition provision was made for the exclusion of some Ulster counties, as resulted in 1920 with the establishment of Northern Ireland. However, by the time the war had ended the party had lost support. With the Easter Rising of 1916, the failure to enact Home Rule immediately and the fear that conscription could be extended to Ireland, it lost support to the more radical Sinn Féin. In the general election of 1918 its seats fell from 73 to 6, Sinn Féin winning a majority of Irish seats, with 25 unopposed. The party disappeared in much of Ireland after the Irish War of Independence, the Government of Ireland Act 1920, the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty and Irish Civil War. In the new Irish Free State, some of its members joined the Centre Party, founded by John Dillon's son, James, which amalgamtated with Cumann na nGaedheal to form Fine Gael in 1933. It continued in Northern Ireland, but developed a reputation for being heavily disorganised and being little more than a collection of elected members with their own local machines. Many calls were made for the party to develop an overall organisation but it fell apart in the late 1960s. Earlier many members had formed the National Democrats after attempts at reform failed. The NDs merged into the Social Democratic and Labour Party at that party's foundation in 1970 and many remaining nationalists followed them. The Nationalist Party's last electoral contest was the 1973 election for the Assembly created as part of the Sunningdale Agreement. In addition a fragment of the party continued in Liverpool throughout the 1920s as T.P. O'Connor continued to be returned as MP for the Liverpool Scotland division, though in practice he was effectively an independent MP. When O'Connor died in 1929 no candidate stood in the ensuing by-election to succeed him in the Irish Nationalist interest. The Irish Independence Party was later founded by former nationalists and non-aligned republicans but it too soon faded from view.

Leaders

- Isaac Butt 1874-1879
- William Shaw 1879-1880
- Charles Stewart Parnell 1880-1891
- Justin McCarthy 1891-1892
- John Dillon 1892-1900
- John Redmond 1900-1918
- Joe Devlin 1918-1934
- T.J. Campbell 1934-1946
- James McSparran 1946-1953
- Eddie McAteer 1953-1959
- Cahir Healy 1959-1965 Category:Northern Ireland political parties Category:Political parties in pre-partition Ireland Category:Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom Category:Nationalist parties

Home Rule League

The Home Rule League, sometimes called the Home Rule Party, was a nineteenth and early twentieth century Irish political party which campaigned for home rule for the island of Ireland. It was the dominant force in electoral politics from the 1880s to 1918, when it was largely wiped out in the 1918 general election. From the 1880s it was re-organised and known as the Irish Parliamentary Party. As the IPP it was regarded as the first ever professionally organised, whipped political party in British political history.

Origins

The Home Rule League grew out of the Home Government Association, a pressure group formed in 1870 and led by Isaac Butt, a Dublin Barrister who had once been a leading Irish Tory before becoming a convert to Irish nationalism. In 1873, the loose association re-constituted itself as a full political party, the Home Rule League, and in the 1874 general election, it won 59 seats. In that period however it was not a political party in a cohesive sense but a loose alliance of home rule-leaning Irish politicians. Because of this the party rapidly became divided, between the less committed members of Parliament, many of whom were from an Irish aristocratic or gentry Church of Ireland background and other more radical members who gathered around Belfast MP Joseph Biggar and Meath MP Charles Parnell. This radical wing of the party famously decided to launch parliamentary filibusters to obstruct the passage of Parliamentary business, to the embarrassment of Butt and frustration of successive British governments.

New leader, new name, new members

Following Butt's death in 1879 William Shaw served as chairman (leader) for one parliamentary session. In 1880, the radical Parnell was elected chairman of the party, and in the 1880 general election, the party increased its number of seats. In 1882, as part of a wholescale move from being an informal rather amateurish alliance to a cohesive unified, whiped political movement Parnell renamed it the Irish Parliamentary Party. The party under Parnell, himself a protestant, became more radical, middle class and Roman Catholic. It largely though not completely squeezed out other political rivals, notably the Irish Liberal Party and the Irish Conservative Party.

Chairmen (leaders) of the Party, 1873-1882

- Isaac Butt 1873-1879
- William Shaw 1879-1880
- Charles Stewart Parnell 1880-1882

External link

[http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/town/terrace/adw03/peel/ireland/butt.htm Isaac Butt and the Home Rule Party] Category:History of Ireland 1801-1922 Category:Political parties in pre-partition Ireland Category:Defunct political parties in the United Kingdom

Member of Parliament

A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house.

Australia

In Australia, the term Member of Parliament refers the Australian House of Representatives, and in some jurisdictions it also refers to members of the State Parliament.
- Queensland Members of the Legislative Assembly, the unicameral (single house) Parliament of Queensland were known as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs) until 2001 and are now known as Members of Parliament (MPs) .

Canada

In Canada, the term Member of Parliament refers specifically to a member of the Canadian House of Commons.

India

In India, the term Member of Parliament refers to the Sansad or the Indian Parliament chambers of the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha MPs to the Lok Sabha are elected popularly by constentuencies in the Indian states and union territories, while MPs to the Rajya Sabha are elected by State legislatures. Central government is formed by the party having maximum number of MPs in Lok Sabha. Each state has a fixed number to MPs to be selected. The Indian state, Uttar Pradesh represents maximum number of MPs in the Lok Sabha.

Malaysia

The Malaysian Parliament is also modeled after the Parliament of the United Kingdom, and consists of two houses, known as the Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives) and Dewan Negara (Senate). The members of the Dewan Rakyat are elected in general elections or by-elections, whereas the members of the Dewan Negara are appointed by the king, in recognition of outstanding service to their country, or chosen by the states. Each state appoints a number of senators proportionate to its size. Currently, the Dewan Negara has 70 seats, and the Dewan Rakyat, 219. Of the 219 seats in the Dewan Rakyat, 199 are held by the ruling Barisan Nasional and 20 by opposition parties. Memebers of Parliament are styled Yang Berhormat with the initials Y.B. appended prenominally. A prince who is a Member of Parliament is Yang Berhormat Mulia. PPP

New Zealand

New Zealand has a single-chambered (unicameral) parliament. In New Zealand Member of Parliament is the term for a member of the New Zealand House of Representatives, although parliament technically consists of both the House and the Queen. The New Zealand House of Representatives normally has 120 MPs, elected every three years. There are 69 electorate (constituency) MPs, 7 of whom are elected by Māori who have chosen to vote in special Māori seats. The remaining 51 MPs are elected from party lists. The speaker of the house is Margaret Wilson. Before 1951 New Zealand had a two-chambered (bicameral) parliament, and there were two designations — MHR (Member of the House of Representatives, the body which survives today) and MLC (Member of the Legislative Council).

Singapore

In Singapore, the Members of Parliament refers to either the elected members of the Parliament of Singapore, the appointed Non-Constituency Members of Parliament from the opposition, as well as the Nominated Members of Parliament, who may be appointed from members of the public who have no connection to any political party in Singapore.

United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom is divided into the House of Commons and the House of Lords; though it is often assumed that an MP is a member of Commons, they can be a member of either house. Nonetheless, the letters "MP" are appended as a post-nominal to an individual's name only if that person is a member of the House of Commons; that House currently has 646 members. MPs in the House of Commons are elected in general elections and by-elections to represent constituencies by the first-past-the-post system of election, and remain MPs until Parliament is dissolved (parliaments can last up to five years). The members of the House of Lords are officially appointed by the Monarch, but the selection actually is done by the British Prime Minister. There are several special members of Parliament, including the Prime Minister, other government ministers, the Chief Whip of each party, Privy Counsellors, and the Speaker of the House. Members of Parliament are technically forbidden to resign their seats. However, appointment to a "paid office under the Crown" disqualifies an MP from sitting in the Commons, and two nominally paid offices - the Chiltern Hundreds and the Manor of Northstead - exist to allow members to resign from the House. For more information, see the article Resignation from the British House of Commons.

Notes

# It was resolved at a meeting (19/10/2000) of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (Qld branch) that Members of the Legislative Assembly should be known as MP rather than MLA.. Private corespondence from the Queensland Parliamentary Library, 15 November 2005 Alex Law Category:Legislators

D.D. Sheehan

Daniel Desmond Sheehan, usually known as D.D. Sheehan (May 28, 1873 – November 28, 1948) was an Irish journalist, labour leader, barrister, and author. He served as Member of Parliament from 1901 to 1918 for Mid-Cork, which constituency extended from Macroom to Millstreet, and was credited by his supporters with considerable success in land reform, labour reforms and in rural state housing. state housing

Journalistic beginnings

state housing Sheehan was born in Dromtariffe, Kanturk, County Cork, Ireland, the eldest of three sons and one daughter of Daniel Sheehan senior and Ellen Sheehan (née Fitzgerald). His father was a tenant farmer. He was educated at the local primary school; when he was seven years old, the family experienced eviction from the family homestead in 1880 at the height of the Irish Land League's Land War. Sheehan's family were supporters of the Fenian tradition, and his experience of discrimination made him a strong supporter of Irish nationalism. Sheehan was a supporter of Charles Stewart Parnell after the 'Parnell split' in the Irish Parliamentary Party. He began his career as a schoolteacher at the age of 16, studying law when time allowed, and also undertook part-time journalism from 1890. Sheehan was a correspondent to the Kerry Sentinel, and later special correspondent to the Cork Daily Herald in Killarney. After marriage in 1894, he moved to Scotland and joined the staff of the Glasgow Observer in pursuit of journalistic experience, later becoming editor of the Catholic News in Preston, England. In 1898, he returned to Ireland working on various papers in Munster including the Cork Constitution, and was editor of the Cork County Southern Star (1899-1901).

Land and Labour leader

Early in his life, Sheehan had been appointed correspondence secretary of the Kanturk Trade and Labour Council and begun his active involvement in labour and trade union affairs. In August 1894, in alliance with the Clonmel, County Tipperary solicitor J.J. O'Shee (West Waterford M.P. from 1895), he formed the Irish Land and Labour Association (ILLA) to agitate on behalf of agricultural labourers and small tenant farmers, setting forth Michael Davitt's achievements.
- The ILLA platform included a demand for:
- # - houses for the people
- # - land for the people
- # - work and wages for the people
- # - education for the people
- # - state pensions for old people
- # - all local rents shall be paid by the ground landlords. Under his leadership as president the ILLA spread rapidly across Munster campaigning vigorously for the plight of rural labourers, duly acknowledged by government. By 1900, he had organised the founding of over one hundred branches of the ILLA mostly in Cork, Tipperary and Limerick.

Member of Parliament

Standing as labour candidate on a labour platform, D.D., as he was popularly known, was elected M.P. for Mid-Cork on the death of Dr. C.K.D. Tanner (former Mid-Cork anti-Parnellite Nationalist M.P. from 1895), in the by-election of 17 May 1901, a tremendous triumph for the labour movement and at twenty-eight the youngest, and one of the most outspoken Irish Nationalist Party members of parliament at the House of Commons.

Agrarian Resurgence

Associated with land agitation he settled many disputes between landlords and tenant. In his capacity as honorary secretary of the Cork Advisory Committee, D.D. helped end centuries of oppressive "landlordism" by most successfully negotiating the larger number of 16,159 tenant land purchases in Munster that decade, under the great Wyndham Land Purchase Act (1903), which was later followed by the Birrell Land Act (1909) introducing compulsory purchase. From 1904 Sheehan allied himself with Mallow compatriot William O'Brien M.P., and the ILLA branches became the base for the O'Brienite organisation in rural Munster. After his expulsion (for being a "factionist") from the Irish Parliamentary Party, by deputy leader John Dillon M.P., Sheehan was deprived of party stipends - parliamentary allowances were only introduced six years later. He resigned his seat, challenging the party to stand against him. He was elected unopposed as Ireland's first independent Labour M.P. on the 31 December 1906. His income depended on constituent's collections at church gates on Sundays.

Commodious dwellings

1906 At countrywide ILLA meetings and in leading articles in the Irish People (1905-09), he strove passionately to attain social betterment for the working Irish, winning both under "the Macroom programme", the Labourers (Ireland) Act (1906) and the Labourers (Ireland) Act (1911) provision for the erection of over 40,000 cottages each on an acre of land, 7,560 alone in Cork, known locally as Sheehan's cottages. These dwellings provided cosy happy homes for over a quarter of a million of small tenant farmers and labourers, previously living wretchedly in stone cabins and sod hovels.
acre Within a few years the resulting changes, first beginning with the attainment of national self-reliance under the Local Government Act (1898), brought about an unprecedented social and economic agrarian revolution in rural Ireland. A further important D.D. Sheehan landmark, his Model Irish Village scheme at Tower, near Blarney. His project was brought to completion by Cork Rural District Council and comprised 17 cottages with all local amenities, build to become a pattern and an example to be copied in other parts of Ireland. His considerable achievements laid a solid foundation for the later successes of the Irish Labour Party in the province of Munster. Irish Labour Party

Barrister-at-law

While in parliament he was twelfth person to be called to the Law Bar as barrister in 1911, having been exhibitioner and prizeman in law University College Cork (1908-09) and honoursman King's Inns Dublin 1910, practicing on the Munster circuit.

All-for-Ireland League

In March 1909, D.D. Sheehan together with William O'Brien M.P., inaugurated the All-for-Ireland League (AfIL) in Kanturk. The League was a distinctive political group whose deep conviction was that the success of a United Ireland parliament must depend on Irish Home Rule being won with the consent rather than by the compulsion of the Protestant minority. Prophetically farsighted, Sheehan advocated granting Ulster every conceivable concession to overcome its fears of a Catholic dominated Dublin parliament, otherwise an All-Ireland settlement would fail. The League's primary aims were:
- "the union and active co-operation in every department of our national life of all Irish men and women of all classes and creeds who believe in the principles of domestic self-government for Ireland.
- For the accomplishment of this object the surest means were to be a combination of all the elements of the Irish population in a spirit of mutual tolerance and patriotic goodwill, such as shall guarantee to the Protestant minority of our fellow-countrymen inviolable security for their rights and liberties, and win the friendship of the people of Great Britain without distinction of party". D.D. contributed regularly as honorary secretary to the League's newspaper, O'Brien's Cork Free Press (1910-1916). The political slogan of the AfIL was " the three C's " - - for Conference, Conciliation and Consent as applied to Irish politics, particularly to Home Rule. He renounced the Irish Party leader's, John Redmond M.P.'s, aggressive "Ulster will have to follow" approach to Home Rule. The AfIL opposed the Irish Party in both 1910 general elections, returning eight MPs, D.D. campaigning for the party's All-Ireland political policies at large meetings across Mayo, Limerick and Cork.

Dominion Home Rule

In 1911 the All-for-Ireland Party specifically proposed Dominion Home Rule in a letter to Prime Minister Asquith as the wisest of all solutions for Ireland. Later in the Commons, Sir Edward Carson, the Ulster Unionist Party leader, praised the AfIL ideas as worthy, adding that had they been earlier supported rather than thwarted by the Irish Parliamentary Party, Ulster's objections might have been overcome. During 1913-14, D.D. was active in promoting an Imperial Federation League having as its immediate object a federal settlement of the Home Rule question. In May 1914, the AfIL resolutely resisted with all the strength at their command the violation of Ireland's national unity and as a final protest before history, abstained in June from voting on the final Third Home Rule Act, which had been amended to provide for the exclusion of six Ulster counties.

Great War engagement

At the outbreak of World War 1 in August 1914 when war with Germany was declared, Sheehan gave support to William O'Brien's call for Irish recruitment, regarding service to be both in the interest of the Allied cause of a Europe free from tyranny as well as for an All-Ireland Home Rule settlement. William O'Brien William O'Brien In November despite being aged forty-one and father of a large family, he offered himself for enlistment, as did the National Volunteers and three other Irish nationalist M.Ps., one Stephen Gwynn and former M.P. Thomas Kettle. He was gazetted as a lieutenant in the 9th (Service) Battalion, of the Royal Munster Fusiliers, practically raising this battalion of the newly formed 16th (Irish) Division. Three of his sons also joined, two were killed serving with the Royal Flying Corps/RAF.; his daughter, a V.A.D. front nurse, was disabled in a bombing raid. A brother serving with the Irish Guards was severely disabled and a brother-in-law killed.

Front Service

In the spring and summer of 1915 he undertook the organisation and leadership of special voluntary recruiting campaigns in counties Cork, Limerick and Clare. While opposing any question of conscription, he said he was not asking people to do anything or take any risks he was not prepared to share himself. Receiving Captaincy and Company command in July 1915, he served with his battalion in France along the Loos salient as part of the British Expeditionary Force, contributing from early 1916 a series of widely quoted articles from the trenches to the London Daily Express and the Irish Times. Deafness by shellfire and ill-health necessitated his transfer to the 3rd (Reserve) Battalion. His command noted "he has done really well in the trenches". Sheehan applied to be decommissioned in autumn 1916 but was retained as a Lewis gun trainer. He was hospitalised often. A renewed application to be decommissioned was accepted in autumn 1917, the bulletin in the London Gazette stating that he "relinquished his commission on account of ill-health contracted on active service, and is granted the honorary rank of Captain, 13 January, 1918". 1918

Stepping down

Continuing to pursue Irish affairs in parliament, he vehemently condemned British mishandling of Irish affairs, threatening in two long dramatic speeches in April "to fight you if you enforce conscription on us".
Later that year Sheehan expressed disillusionment at Britain's and the Irish Party's failure to agree on All-Ireland Home Rule. He recognised the futility of contesting the December general elections, and issued a manifesto stepping down, together with his fellow AfIL MPs., in favour of Arthur Griffith's Sinn Féin movement. Terence MacSwiney followed unopposed as mid-Cork M.P.
In the changed political climate, Sheehan found himself forced to leave Cork and move with his family to England.

Final stand for labour

In December 1918 he contested the general election as the Labour Party candidate for the Limehouse-Stepney division of London's East End, with a programme of "Land for fighters" aimed at returning ex-servicemen. He polled well but was unsuccessful, as over a million servicemen abroad were unable to vote. His programme was nevertheless put into effect by the government at the end of January. He paved the way for his successor in this constituency, the later Prime Minister Clement Attlee. Retiring from politics in 1920 he erked out a living in journalism after a calamitous financial engagement in an Achill Island (Mayo) mineral venture. In 1921, he published Ireland since Parnell, covering the period from Parnell to Sinn Féin (this book may be read online or downloaded free under the Project Gutenberg, www.gutenberg.org or www.manybooks.net). Unable to practice at the bar due to impaired hearing (sustained in the war), he became publisher and editor of The Stadium, a daily newspaper for sportsmen.

The closing chapter

In 1926, after being assured that the threats made against him in Cork were now lifted, he returned to Dublin with his ailing wife, who died soon afterwards. He became managing editor of the Irish Press and Publicity Services, in 1928 publisher and editor of the South Dubin Chronicle. His legal practice remained hindered by his hearing disabilities. In the 1930s, a renewed period of deteriorated ill-health due to the family bereavements and disruptions. Committed to those he recruited, he helped ex-servicemen where he could, supporting Old Comrades Associations north and south of the new border; from 1940 he edited their annual journal. In 1942 he proposed himself to General Richard Mulcahy as candidate for Fine Gael in South Cork, which Mulcahy declined. In 1946 Sheehan published a spirited three-sided verse A Tribute and a Claim, honouring the National Volunteers.

Personal background

Family

On 6 February 1894 he married Mary Pauline O'Connor, reigning Rose of Tralee, daughter of Martin O'Connor, Bridge Street, Tralee, County Kerry; victualler, publican and farm owner;
they had five sons:
Daniel J. (lieutenant RFC.), Martin J. (lieutenant RAF.), Michael J. (Brigadier Gen., O.B.E., CBE., Indian Army, Burma Campaign), Patrick A. (later Pádraig A. Ó Síocháin S.C.) (senior legal counsel), John F. (lieutenant colonel surgeon),
and five daughters:
Eileen (private governess), Pauline (died 18 months), Maureen (Ms. Frank Emmerson), Christine (Ms. Dr. Patrick Cremin) (1909-2002), Mona (Ms. Ruthland Barsby) (1912-200.).
All family members settled in England, except Padraig A..
DD's one sister Mary Ann (Ms Eugene Daly) had three sons, Charles, Daniel, Eugene, whose families survive in the Kanturk area.
He died on November 28, 1948 at the age 75, while visiting his daughter Mona's home at Queen Anne Street, London, and was buried with his wife at the National Glasnevin Cemetery, Dublin.

Sources and reading

Who's Who & Thom's Directory (1918); Hansard Common's Parliamentary Debates (1901-1918); Irish People (1905-1909); Cork Free Press (1910-1916); Daily Express 27 Jan. 1914 & 1916(8 issues); Irish Times 11 July 1916; London Gazette 12 Jan. 1918; Daily Sketch 3 Dec. 1918; Cork Examiner 29 Nov. 1948, London Times 29 Nov. 1948, Cork County Southern Star 4 Dec. 1948, Kerryman 11 Dec. 1948, Irish Independent 29 Dec. 1948; Irish Times 16 Feb. 2001.
- William O'Brien: An Olive Branch in Ireland (1910)
- D. D. Sheehan: Ireland since Parnell (1921)
- Friedrich K. Schilling: William O'Brien and the All-for-Ireland League
(thesis TCD. 1956)
- Joseph O'Brien: William O'Brien and the course of Irish politics (1976)
- Martin Staunton: The Royal Munster Fusiliers (1914-1919)
(MA thesis UCD. 1986)
- Dan Bradley: Farm Labourers: Irish struggle (1988)
- Cork County Southern Star: Centenary issue 1889-1989
- P.A. Ó Síocháin S.C.: Ireland journey to freedom (1990)
- Terence Denmann: Ireland's unknown soldiers (1992)
- Patrick Maume: The long gestation (1999). Compiled from personal documents, official records and publications.
External links

- [http://www.labour.ie/ Homepage of the Irish Labour Party]
- [http://www.rmfa92.org/ Homepage of the Royal Munster Fusilier's Association]
- [http://www.bandonmemorial.com/ Homepage of the Bandon War Memorial Committee]
-
- [http://www.gutenberg.org/ Homepage of Project-Gutenberg, read, download: "Ireland since Parnell"] Sheehan, D.D. Sheehan, Danial Desmond Sheehan, Daniel Desmond Sheehan, Daniel Desmond Sheehan, Daniel Desmond Sheehan, D.D. Sheehan, Daniel Desmond

1891

1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar).

Events

- January 1 - Paying of old age pensions begins in Germany
- January 20 - James Hogg becomes the first native Texan to be governor of that state.
- January 29 - Liliuokalani proclaimed Queen of Hawaii
- March 3 - The International Copyright Act of 1891 was passed by the 51st Congress of the United States of America
- March 9 - 12 - Powerful storm off England's south coast; 14 ships sink
- March 14 - In New Orleans, lynch mob storms the Old Parish Prison and lynches eleven Italians arrested but found innocent for the murder of Police Chief David Hennessey.
- March 17 - The British steamship SS Utopia sinks off the coast of Gibraltar, killing 574.
- April 1 - The Wrigley Company is founded in Chicago, Illinois.
- May 1 - Nine killed and thirty wounded when troops fire on workers' May Day demonstration in support of eight-hour workday in Fourmies, France.
- May 5 - The Music Hall in New York (now known as Carnegie Hall) has its grand opening and first public performance, with maestro Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky as the guest conductor.
- May 20 - First public display of Thomas Alva Edison's prototype kinetoscope (shown at Edison's Laboratory for a convention of the National Federation of Women's Clubs).
- June 16 - John Abbott becomes Canada's third prime minister.
- June 21 - First long-distance transmission of Alternating current by the Ames power plant near Telluride, Colorado by Lucien and Paul Nunn.
- August 27 - France and Russia conclude defensive alliance.
- October 1 - In California, Stanford University opens its doors
- December 29 - Thomas Edison patents the radio
- Building of The Trans-Siberian Railroad begins (ends 1917)
- The Brahmin teacher and nationalist, Bal Bangadhar tilak, begins agitation for Indian home Rule
- Civil War in Chile
- Kicking Bear surrenders
- Earthquake in Japan kills 25.000
- Famine in Russia
- Maria Skłodowska enters Sorbonne University
- New Scotland Yard becomes the HQ of London Metropolitan Police
- Swiss Army Knife
- Eugene Dubois made first discovery of Homo erectus fossils in Dutch colony of Java.
- Winter - James Naismith invents Basketball
- The Tobacco Protest occurs in Iran
- Oba Ovonramwen seizes the throne of Benin
- Auckland University Students' Association founded

Births

- January 8 - Walther Bothe, German physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1957)
- February 9 - Ronald Colman, English actor (d. 1958)
- February 11 - J.W. Hearne English cricketer (d. 1965).
- February 27 - David Sarnoff, Russian-born broadcasting pioneer (d. 1971)
- March 10 - Sam Jaffe, American actor (d. 1984)
- March 19 - Earl Warren, Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1974)
- March 29 - Yvan Goll, French lyricist and dramatist (d. 1950)
- April 2 - Max Ernst, German painter (d. 1976)
- April 13 - Nella Larsen, American novelist (d. 1964)
- April 17 - George Adamski, Polish-born UFO traveler (d. 1965)
- April 23 - Sergei Prokofiev, Soviet composer (d. 1953)
- May 15 - Mikhail Bulgakov, Russian writer (d. 1940)
- May 16 - Richard Tauber, Austrian tenor (d. 1948)
- May 18 - Rudolf Carnap, German philosopher (d. 1970)
- May 19 - Oswald Boelcke, German World War I pilot (d. 1916)
- May 22 - Eddie Edwards, American jazz trombonist (d. 1963)
- May 23 - Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- May 24 - William F. Albright, American archeologist and Biblical scholar (d. 1971)
- June 9 - Cole Porter, American composer and songwriter (d. 1964)
- June 20 - John A. Costello, second President of Ireland (d. 1976)
- June 21 - Hermann Scherchen, German conductor (d. 1966)
- June 30 - Man Mountain Dean, American professional wrestler (d. 1953)
- July 5 - John Howard Northrop, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
- September 12 - Pedro Albizu Campos, advocate of Puerto Rican independence (d. 1965)
- September 14 - William F. Friedman, American cryptographer (d. 1969)
- September 16 - Karl Dönitz, President of Germany (d. 1980)
- September 26 - Charles Munch, French conductor and violinist (d. 1968)
- September 28 - Myrtle Gonzalez, American film and stage actress (d. 1918)
- October 12 - Fumimaro Konoe, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1945)
- October 20 - James Chadwick, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- October 24 - Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, dictator of the Dominican Republic (d. 1961)
- November 14 - Frederick Banting, Canadian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)
- November 15 - Vincent Astor, American philanthropist (d. 1959)
- November 15 - Erwin Rommel, German field marshal (d. 1944)
- December 10 - Nelly Sachs, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
- December 26 - Henry Miller, American writer (d. 1980)

Deaths

- January 5 - Emma Abbott, American opera singer (b. 1849)
- January 16 - Léo Delibes, French composer (b. 1836)
- January 21 - Calixa Lavallée, Canadian composer (b. 1842)
- March 15 - Théodore de Banville, French writer (b. 1823)
- March 15 - Sir Joseph Bazalgette, English civil engineer (b. 1819)
- April 7 - P. T. Barnum, American showman (b. 1810)
- April 24 - Helmuth von Moltke the Elder, Prussian field marshal (b. 1800)
- May 8 - Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Russian-born author and theosophist (b. 1831)
- July 4 - Hannibal Hamlin, Vice President of the United States (b. 1809)
- August 12 - James Russell Lowell, American poet and essayist (b. 1819)
- August 14 - Sarah Childress Polk, First Lady of the United States (b. 1803)
- September 11 - Antero de Quental, Portuguese poet (b. 1842)
- September 15 - Ivan Goncharov, Russian author (b. 1812)
- September 28 - Herman Melville, American novelist (b. 1819)
- October 6 - Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish nationalist leader (b. 1846)
- October 15 - Gilbert Arthur a Beckett, English writer (b. 1837)
- November 10 - Arthur Rimbaud, French poet (b. 1854)
- December 5 - Pedro II, Brazilian deposed emperor (b. 1826)

Fictional events of the year

Sherlock Holmes is believed to have died in the Reichenbach fall with the "Napoleon of crime", Professor James Moriarty. Category:1891 ko:1891년 simple:1891 th:พ.ศ. 2434

1900

1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday.

Events

January

- January 1 - Chris Smith Born in 1972
- January 2 - John Hay announces the Open Door Policy to promote trade with China.
- January 2 - Chicago Canal opens.
- January 5 - Irish leader John Edward Redmond calls for a revolt against British rule.
- January 6 - It is reported that millions are starving in India.
- January 6 - Boers attack Ladysmith - over 1000 people were killed.
- January 8 - United States President William McKinley places Alaska under military rule.
- January 13 - Kaiser of Germany declares that German is the command language in the German army
- January 14 - Premier presentation of opera Tosca in Rome - actors have received death threats and nameless letters.
- January 16 - The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounced its claims to the Samoan islands.
- January 24 - Battle of Spion Kop in Second Boer War.
- January 24 - The governments in London and Pretoria begin negotiations to end the Boer Wars.
- January 27 - Boxer rebellion: Foreign diplomats in Peking China demand that the Boxer rebels be disciplined.
- January 29 - The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs is organized in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with 8 founding teams.
- January 30 - United Kingdom forces fighting Boers in South Africa ask for reinforcements.

February

South Africa
- February 3 - Gubernatorial candidate William Goebel is assassinated in Frankfort, Kentucky. Former-Secretary of State Caleb Powers was later found guilty in a conspiracy to kill Goebels.
- February 7 - The British Labour Party is formed.
- February 8 - British troops are defeated by Boers at Ladysmith, South Africa.
- February 9 - Richard Wigginton Thompson, U.S. congressman, dies.
- February 14 - Russia responds to international pressure to free Finland by tightening imperial control over the country.
- February 14 - Boer War: In South Africa, 20,000 British troops invade the Orange Free State.
- February 17 - Battle of Paardeberg in the Second Boer War
- February 22 - Hawaii officially becomes a territory of the United States.
- February 23 - Boer War: Battle of Hart's Hill - In South Africa the Boers and British troops battle.
- February 27 - Boer War: In South Africa, British military leaders receive an unconditional notice of surrender from Boer General Piet Cronje.
- February 27 - Ramsay MacDonald appointed secretary of newly formed British Labour Party.

March

- March 3 - Mining strike ends in Germany.
- March 6 - A coal mine explosion in West Virginia traps 50 coal miners.
- March 9 - Women in Germany demand right to participate in university entrance exams
- March 11 - Boer War: Boer leader Paul Kruger's peace overtures are rejected by Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Lord Salisbury.
- March 13 - Boer War: British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State.
- March 13 - In France, length of a workday for women and children is limited to 11 hours by law
- March 14 - The Gold Standard Act is ratified placing United States currency on the gold standard.
- March 16 - Sir Arthur Evans discovers the ruins of Knossos on Crete
- March 24 - New York City Mayor Van Wyck breaks ground for a new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" that would link Manhattan and Brooklyn.

April

- April 1 - Every French policeman is assigned to carry a gun.
- April 1 - Irish Guards formed by Queen Victoria
- April 4 - Anarchist shoots at the Prince of Wales during his visit to Belgium in the birthday celebrations of the king of Belgium.
- April 14 - Paris World Exhibition opens.

May

- May 1 - Explosion of blasting powder in coal mine in Scofield, Utah kills 200
- May 2 - Oscar II, King of Sweden, declares support for Britain at the time of the Boer War.
- May 17 - Boer War: British troops relieve Mafeking
- May 17 - Boxers destroy three villages near Peking and kill 60 Chinese Christians
- May 18 - Boer delegation travels to USA to ask for assistance
- May 18 - The United Kingdom proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.
- May 21 - Russia invades Manchuria
- May 23 - Sergeant William Harvey Carney becomes the first African American to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor (awarded for heroism in the Battle of Fort Wagner during the American Civil War).
- May 24 - Boer War: British annex Orange Free State as Orange River Colony.
- May 25 - Boer soldiers vote for the continuance of the war
- May 28 - Boxers attack Belgian personnel in the Fengtai railway station
- May 29 - Chinese government condemns Boxers
- May 30 - Boxers occupy Tientsin
- May 31 - Peacekeepers from various European countries arrive in China
- May 31 - British under Lord Robert occupy Johannesburg

June

- June 1 - Carrie Nation demolishes 25 saloons in Medicine Lodge
- June 5 - Boer War: British soldiers take Pretoria, South Africa.
- June 14 - The Reichstag approves a second law that allows the expansion of the German navy.
- June 20 - The Boxers gather about 20,000 people near Peking and kill hundreds of European citizens, including the German ambassador.
- June 30 - Piers of North German Lloyd Steamship line burned in Hoboken, New Jersey - 326 dead

July

Hoboken, New Jersey
- July 2 - First zeppelin flight on Lake Constance near Friedrichshafen, Germany
- July 5 - Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act passes British Parliament
- July 9 - Queen Victoria gives royal assent to Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act
- July 13 - Boxer Rebellion: In China, Tientsin is retaken by European Allies from the rebelling Boxers
- July 29 - In Italy, King Umberto I of Italy is assassinated by Italian-born anarchist Gaetano Bresci.
- July 30 - The Duke of Albany becomes Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as Carl Eduard following the death of his uncle, Duke Alfred

August

- August 14 - An international contingent of troops, under British command, invades Peking and frees the Europeans taken hostage.
- August 27 - British defeat Boer commandos at Bergendal

September

- September 8 - Galveston Hurricane of 1900: a powerful hurricane hits Galveston, Texas killing about 8,000 people.
- September 17 - Philippine-American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham at Mabitac.

October

- October - The Norwegian inventor Johann Vaaler demands a patent for his invention, the paperclip.

November

- November 3 - the first automobile show in the United States opened at New York's Madison Square Garden under the auspices of the Automobile Club of America.
- November 6 - U.S. presidential election, 1900: Republican incumbent William McKinley is reelected by defeating Democrat challenger William Jennings Bryan.

Births

January

- January 5 - Yves Tanguy, French painter (d. 1955)
- January 26 - Karl Ristenpart, German conductor (d. 1967)
- January 27 - Hyman Rickover, American admiral (d. 1986)

February

- February 4 - Jacques Prévert, French lyricist and author (d. 1977)
- February 5 - Adlai Stevenson, American politician (d. 1965)
- February 11 - Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (d. 2002)
- February 12 - Roger J. Traynor, American judge (d. 1983)
- February 19 - Giorgos Seferis, Greek writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- February 22 - Luis Buñuel, Spanish film director (d. 1983)
- February 28 - Wolfram Hirth, German pilot and aircraft designer (d. 1959)

March

- March 9 - Howard Aiken, American computing pioneer (d. 1973)
- March 19 - Frédéric Joliot, French physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 1958)
- March 23 - Erich Fromm, German-born psychologist and philosopher (d. 1980)
- March 29 - John McEwen, eighteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1980)
- March 31 - Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (d. 1974)

April-June

- April 2 - Roberto Arlt, Argentinian writer (d. 1942)
- April 5 - Spencer Tracy, American actor (d. 1967)
- April 25 - Wolfgang Ernst Pauli, Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958)
- April 26 - Charles Richter, American geophysicist and inventor (d. 1985)
- April 30 - Cecily Lefort, English World War II heroine (executed) (d. 1945)
- May 1 - Ignazio Silone, Italian author (d. 1978)
- May 12 - Helene Weigel, Austrian actress (d. 1971)
- May 28 - Tommy Ladnier, American jazz trumpeter (heart attack) (d. 1939)
- June 3 - Rolland Fisher, American temperance movement leader (d. 1982)
-