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Isaac Shelby

Isaac Shelby

Isaac Shelby (December 11, 1750-July 18, 1826) was an officer in the American Revolutionary War and the first Governor of Kentucky, serving from 1792 to 1796 and from 1812 to 1816. Born in Frederick County, Maryland near Hagerstown, he was the son of Eaan and Letitia (Cox) Shelby. The family moved to western Virginia in 1772 and ran a trading post. He was a lieutenant in Lord Dunmore's War in 1774. The next year he surveyed land in Kentucky and settled there in 1776. Governor Patrick Henry appointed him to secure provisions for the army on the frontier the next year. He was elected to the Virginia legislature in 1780. Shelby led the Americans to victory at the Battle of Kings Mountain in October 7, 1780. He settled in North Carolina and was elected twice to its legislature. In 1783, he returned to Kentucky where he married Susannah Hart. He was named a trustee of what became Transylvania University. When Kentucky became a state, he was elected its first governor. One of his chief concerns was securing Federal aid to defend the frontier. He also worked for free navigation on the Mississippi River. He retired to his farm in Lincoln County, Kentucky. In 1812, he once more ran for governor and was victorious. During the War of 1812 General William Henry Harrison called upon Kentucky to provide volunteers for his Army of the Northwest. Harrison also personally asked Governor Shelby to lead the Kentucky units. Shelby, known as "Old Kings Mountain" among his troops led the Kentuckians into action at the battle of the Thames. Upon leaving office in 1816, President James Monroe offered him the post of Secretary of War but he declined. He died at his home in Lincoln County. Shelby County, Iowa, Shelby County, Tennessee, Shelby County, Kentucky, Shelby County, Ohio, Shelby County, Missouri, Shelby, North Carolina and Shelby County, Texas are named for him.

References

- Sylvia Wrobel and George Grider. Isaac Shelby: Kentucky's First Governor and Hero of Three Wars. 1974. Shelby, Isaac Shelby, Isaac Shelby, Isaac Shelby, Isaac Shelby, Isaac

December 11

December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 20 days remaining.

Events

- 1602 - A surprise attack by forces under the command of the Duke of Savoy and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva. (This actually took place after midnight, in the early morning of December 12, but commemorations/celebrations on Fête de l'Escalade are usually held on December 11 or the closest weekend.)
- 1792 - French Revolution: King Louis XVI of France is put on trial for treason by the National Convention.
- 1816 - Indiana becomes the 19th U.S. state.
- 1872 - P.B.S. Pinchback is sworn in as the first black member of the U.S. House of Representatives.
- 1927 - Guangzhou Uprising: Communist militia and worker red guards launch an uprising in the Chinese city of Guangzhou, taking over most of the city and announcing the formation of a Guangzhou Soviet.
- 1931 - The British Parliament enacts the Statute of Westminster, which establishes a status of legislative equality between the self-governing dominions of the Commonwealth of Australia, the Dominion of Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, the Dominion of New Zealand, and the Union of South Africa.
- 1934 - A fire at the Hotel Kerns in Lansing, Michigan, kills 34 people.
- 1936 - Abdication Crisis: Edward VIII's abdication as King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India becomes effective.
- 1937 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Italy leaves the League of Nations
- 1941 - World War II: Germany and Italy declare war on the United States.
- 1946 - The United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) is established.
- 1954 - The American Nuclear Society is founded.
- 1958 - Upper Volta declares its independence from France, and becomes an autonomous republic in the French Community.
- 1970 - John Lennon releases the album Plastic Ono Band.
- 1971 - The United States Libertarian Party is formed.
- 1972 - Apollo 17 becomes the sixth mission to land on the Moon.
- 1981 - In his last fight, Muhammad Ali is defeated by Trevor Berbick.
- 1981 - Javier Pérez de Cuéllar becomes UN Secretary-General
- 1981 - El Mozote massacre: Salvadoran armed forces kill an estimated 900 civilians in an anti-guerrilla campaign during the country's civil war.
- 1981 - Clube de Regatas do Flamengo defeat Liverpool F.C in the final of the Intercontinental Cup in Tokyo.
- 1990 - Mafia: New York mafioso John Gotti is arrested.
- 1994 - First Chechen War: Russian President Boris Yeltsin orders Russian troops into Chechnya
- 1994 - A bomb assembled by Ramzi Yousef explodes on Philippine Airlines Flight 434, killing a Japanese businessman.
- 1998 - A Thai Airways Airbus A310-200 crashes near Surat Thani Airport, killing 101.
- 2001 - Members of the DrinkOrDie warez group are arrested in police raids.
- 2001 - The People's Republic of China joins the World Trade Organization.
- 2005 - The Buncefield Oil Depot in Hemel Hempstead is rocked by explosions, causing a huge oil fire.
- 2005 - Vengeance of Rain becomes Hong Kong's first World Racing Championship winner after winning the Cathay Pacific Hong Kong Cup at Sha Tin Racecourse.
- 2005 - 2005 Cronulla race riots: Thousands of Australian racists go on the rampage in Sydney, attacking non-whites.

Births

- 1465 - Ashikaga Yoshihisa, Japanese shogun (d. 1489)
- 1475 - Pope Leo X (d. 1521)
- 1566 - Manuel Cardoso, Portuguese composer (d. 1650)
- 1680 - Emanuele d'Astorga, Italian composer
- 1712 - Francesco Algarotti. Italian philosopher (d. 1764)
- 1725 - George Mason, American statesman (d. 1792)
- 1781 - Sir David Brewster, British physicist (d. 1868)
- 1801 - Christian Dietrich Grabbe, German writer (d. 1836)
- 1803 - Hector Berlioz, French composer (d. 1869)
- 1810 - Alfred de Musset, French poet (d. 1857)
- 1843 - Robert Koch, German bacteriologist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1910)
- 1858 - Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Russian-born Soviet theatre director (d. 1943)
- 1863 - Annie Jump Cannon, American astronomer (d. 1941)
- 1873 - Josip Plemelj, Austro-Hungarian-born Yugoslav mathematician (d. 1967)
- 1880 - Frank Tarrant, Australian cricketer (d. 1951)
- 1882 - Subramanya Bharathy, Indian poet (d. 1921)
- 1882 - Max Born, German physicist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1970)
- 1882 - Fiorello LaGuardia, Mayor of New York City (d. 1947)
- 1883 - Victor McLaglen, British-born American actor (d. 1959)
- 1890 - Mark Tobey, American painter (d. 1976)
- 1905 - Gilbert Roland, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1908 - Elliott Carter, American composer
- 1911 - Naguib Mahfouz, Egyptian writer and Nobel Prize laureate
- 1912 - Carlo Ponti, Italian film producer
- 1913 - Jean Marais, French actor (d. 1998)
- 1916 - Dámaso Pérez Prado, Cuban-born bandleader and composer (d. 1989)
- 1918 - Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, Soviet-born Russian writer and Nobel Prize laureate
- 1919 - Marie Windsor, American actress (d. 2000)
- 1920 - Big Mama Thornton (Willie Mae Thornton), American blues singer (d. 1984)
- 1922 - Grace Paley, American writer
- 1925 - Paul Greengard, American neuroscientist and Nobel Prize laureate
- 1930 - Jean-Louis Trintignant, French actor
- 1931 - Rita Moreno, Puerto Rican singer, dancer, and actress
- 1933 - Aquilino Pimentel, Jr., Filipino politician
- 1935 - Pranab Mukherjee, Indian politician
- 1936 - Taku Yamasaki, Japanese politician
- 1938 - McCoy Tyner, American jazz pianist
- 1939 - Tom Hayden, American politician
- 1942 - Donna Mills, American actress
- 1943 - John Kerry, American politician and Presidential candidate
- 1944 - Brenda Lee, American singer
- 1944 - Teri Garr, American film actress
- 1950 - Christina Onassis American heiress (d. 1988)
- 1954 - Jermaine Jackson, American singer and bassist
- 1958 - Nikki Sixx, American bassist (Mötley Crüe)
- 1964 - Cosy Sheridan, American singer and songwriter
- 1963 - Daniel Guermeur, Founder of Metadot Corporation and inventor of Das Keyboard
- 1966 - Leon Lai, Beijing-born Hong Kong-based actor and Cantopop singer
- 1969 - Vishwanathan Anand, Indian chess grandmaster
- 1972 - Dana Macsim, Romanian television news reporter
- 1979 - Rider Strong, American actor
- 1981 - Javier Saviola, Argentine international footballer and Olympic gold medalist

Deaths

- 384 - Pope Damasus I
- 1121 - Al-Afdal Shahanshah, Caliph of Egypt (b. 1066)
- 1226 - Robert de Ros, English politician (b. 1177)
- 1282 - Llywelyn the Last, Welsh Prince of Gwynedd
- 1282 - Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1225)
- 1532 - Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1455)
- 1694 - Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma (b. 1630)
- 1737 - John Strype, English historian and biographer (b. 1643)
- 1757 - Edmund Curll, English bookseller and publisher (b. 1675)
- 1797 - Richard Brocklesby, British physician (b. 1722)
- 1840 - Emperor Kokaku of Japan (b. 1771)
- 1909 - Innokenty Annensky, Russian poet (b. 1855)
- 1920 - Olive Schreiner, South African writer (b. 1855)
- 1938 - Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist and recipient of Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1869)
- 1941 - John Gillespie Magee, Jr., American poet and aviator (b. 1922)
- 1945 - Charles Fabry, French physicist (b. 1867)
- 1950 - Leslie Comrie, New Zealand-born astronomer and computing pioneer (b. 1893)
- 1957 - Musidora (Jeanne Roques), French actress and director (b. 1889)
- 1964 - Sam Cooke, American singer (b. 1931)
- 1974 - Rey Mysterio, American Proffesional Wrestler
- 1978 - Vincent du Vigneaud, American chemist and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1901)
- 1983 - Sir Neil Ritchie, British General. (b. 1897) 1987- Aditi Vora was born
- 1996 - Willie Rushton, British cartoonist, satirist, and actor (b. 1937)
- 2003 - Ahmadou Kourouma, Côte d'Ivoire writer (b. 1927)
- 2004 - M.S. Subbulakshmi, Indian singer (b. 1916)

Holidays and observances

- Roman festivals - One of the four Agonalia, this day in honour of Sol Indiges; also the Septimontium festival
- R.C. Saints - pope Damasus I: optional memorial; also Daniel the Stylite (not universal)
- Also see December 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Argentina - Tango Day, Buenos Aires
- Burkina Faso - Republic Day (1958, Upper Volta became an autonomous republic in the French Community.)
- USA - Admission day for Indiana (19th state, 1816)

External links

- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/11 BBC: On This Day] ---- December 10 - December 12 - November 11 - January 11 -- listing of all days ko:12월 11일 ms:11 Disember ja:12月11日 simple:December 11 th:11 ธันวาคม

1750

Events

- March 2 - Small earthquake in London, England
- April 4 - Small earthquake in Warrington, England
- August 23 - Small earthquake in Spalding, England
- September 30 - Small earthquake in Northampton, England
- November 16 – Westminster Bridge officially opened
- Jonas Hanway is the first Englishman to use an umbrella
- "James Gray" reveals her sex to her Royal Marines compatriots
- José I takes over the throne of Portugal from his deceased father, João V. King José Manuel appoints the Marquis of Pombal as his Chief Minister, who then strips the Inquisition of its power.
- John Cleland publishes Fanny Hill, or The Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure
- Ahmad Shah's army, retreating from Persia, is said to have lost 18,000 men near what is present-day Herat, Afghanistan from cold in a single night.

Births

- January 1 - Frederick Muhlenberg, first speaker of the United States House of Representatives (d. 1801)
- May 31 - Karl August von Hardenberg, Prussian politician (d. 1822)
- August 18 - Antonio Salieri, Italian composer (d. 1825)
- September 26 - Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, British admiral (d. 1810)
- November 7 - Friedrich Leopold Graf zu Stolberg, German poet (d. 1819)
- December 10 - Tipu Sultan, Sultan of Mysore (d. 1799)
- December 23 - Frederick Augustus I of Saxony (d. 1827)
- Joanna Southcott, British religious fanatic (d. 1814)

Deaths

- January 16 - Ivan Trubetskoy, Russian field marshal (b. 1667)
- January 22 - Franz Xaver Josef von Unertl, Bavarian politician (b. 1675)
- January 26 - Albert Schultens, Dutch philologist (b. 1686)
- February 8 - Aaron Hill, English writer (b. 1685)
- May 3 - John Willison, Scottish minister and writer (b. 1680)
- May 28 - Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan (b. 1720)
- June 15 - Marguerite De Launay, Baronne Staal, French writer (b. 1684)
- July 28 - Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer (b. 1685)
- July 31 - King John V of Portugal (b. 1689)
- September 15 - Charles Theodore Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1690)
- October 16 - Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German composer and lutenist (b. 1687)
- December 1 - Johan Gabriel Doppelmayr, German mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer (b. 1671)
- Ludovico Antonio Muratori, Italian historian and scholar (b. 1672)
- Rachel Ruysch, Dutch painter (b. 1664) Category:1750 ko:1750년 simple:1750

July 18

July 18 is the 199th day (200th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 166 days remaining.

Events

- 390 BC - Battle of the Allia: A Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, leading to the subsequent sacking of Rome.
- 64 - Great fire of Rome: A fire begins to burn in the merchant area of Rome and soon burns completely out of control while Emperor Nero reportedly plays his lyre and sings while watching the blaze from a safe distance.
- 1195 - Battle of Alarcos, great victory of Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur over the Castilian King Alfonso VIII
- 1536 - The authority of the Pope is declared void in England.
- 1830 - Uruguay adopts its first constitution.
- 1857 - Louis Faidherbe, French governor of Senegal, arrives to relieve French forces at Kayes, effectively ending El Hajj Umar Tall's war on the French.
- 1863 - American Civil War: The first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held Fort Wagner but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war.
- 1872 - Britain introduces voting by secret ballot.
- 1873 - Oscar II of Sweden-Norway is crowned king of Norway in Trondheim
- 1898 - Marie and Pierre Curie announce the discovery of a new element and proposed to call it polonium.
- 1914 - The United States Army's Signal Corps is formed, giving definite status to its air service for the first time.
- 1925 - Adolf Hitler publishes his personal manifesto Mein Kampf.
- 1938 - Douglas "Wrong Way" Corrigan arrives in Ireland.
- 1942 - World War II: The Germans test fly the Messerschmitt Me-262 using only its jets for the first time.
- 1944 - World War II: Hideki Tojo resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort.
- 1947 - President Harry S. Truman signs the Presidential Succession Act into law which places the Speaker of the House and the Senate President Pro Tempore next in the line of succession after the United States Vice President.
- 1966 - Gemini 10 launched.
- 1968 - Vietnam War: The two-day Honolulu Conference begins in Honolulu, Hawaii between US President Lyndon B. Johnson and South Vietnamese President Nguyen Van Thieu.
- 1968 - Intel incorporated.
- 1969 - After a party on Chappaquiddick Island, Senator Ted Kennedy from Massachusetts drives an Oldsmobile off a wooden bridge into a tide-swept pond and his passenger, Mary Jo Kopechne, dies.
- 1969 - Apollo 11 makes preparations for landing on the Moon.
- 1976 - Gymnast Nadia Comaneci, aged 14, scores first ever perfect 10 at the Olympics.
- 1977 - Vietnam joins the United Nations.
- 1982 - 268 campesinos ("countryside people") are slain in the Plan de Sánchez massacre in Ríos Montt's Guatemala.
- 1984 - McDonald's massacre in San Ysidro, California: In a fast-food restaurant, James Oliver Huberty kills 21 people and injures 19 others before being shot dead by police.
- 1984 - National Crime Authority. Formed, in Australia.
- 1986 - A tornado is broadcast live on KARE television in Minnesota when the station's helicopter pilot makes a chance encounter.
- 1986 - The motion picture Aliens opens in theaters.
- 1989 - Rebecca Schaeffer is shot by a crazed fan, prompting California to pass America's first anti-stalking law in 1990.
- 1992 - The ten victims of the La Cantuta massacre disappeared from their university in Lima.
- 1992 - 'The Late Show', starring the D-Generation Debuts on ABC T.V
- 1994 - In Buenos Aires, an explosion destroys a building housing several Jewish organizations killing 85 and injuring many more.
- 1994 - A court upholds NBA salary cap and draft rights.
- 1995 - On the Caribbean island of Montserrat, the Soufriere Hills volcano erupts. Over the course of several years, it devastates the island, destroying the capital and forcing most of the population to flee.
- 1996 - Storms provoke severe flooding on the Saguenay River in Quebec, beginning one of Canada's costliest natural disasters ever.
- 1996 - In an event very similar to the Oklahoma tornado that would occur three years later, an F5 tornado hit the town of Oakfield, Wisconsin.
- 1997 - 8000 low-caste Indians riot in Mumbai (Bombay) following a funeral for 10 children who had been killed by police.
- 1998 - A 23-foot tidal wave kills nearly 3,000 people in Papua New Guinea.
- 2001 - In Baltimore, Maryland, a 60-car train derails in a tunnel, sparking a fire that lasts days and virtually shuts down downtown Baltimore.
- 2003 - Kobe Bryant is charged with sexually assaulting a 19-year old girl.

Births

- 1013 - Hermannus Contractus, learned monk (d. 1054)
- 1501 - Isabella of Burgundy, queen of Christian II of Denmark (d. 1526)
- 1504 - Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss religious reformer (d. 1575)
- 1552 - Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1612)
- 1634 - Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1695)
- 1635 - Robert Hooke, English scientist (d. 1703)
- 1670 - Giovanni Bononcini, Italian composer (d. 1747)
- 1718 - Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (d. 1808)
- 1720 - Gilbert White, English ornithologist (d. 1793)
- 1797 - Immanuel Hermann Fichte, German philosopher (d. 1879)
- 1811 - William Makepeace Thackeray, English author (d. 1863)
- 1821 - Pauline Garcia-Viardot, French mezzo-soprano and composer (d. 1910)
- 1845 - Tristan Corbière, French poet (d. 1875)
- 1853 - Hendrik Lorentz, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1928)
- 1864 - Phillip Snowden, British politician (d. 1937)
- 1887 - Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian politician and traitor (d. 1945)
- 1890 - Frank Forde, fifteenth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1983)
- 1892 - Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian football player
- 1894 - Isaac Babel, Ukrainian writer (d. 1940)
- 1900 - Nathalie Sarraute, French writer (d. 1999)
- 1902 - Jessamyn West, American writer (d. 1984)
- 1902 - Chill Wills, American actor (d. 1978)
- 1906 - S. I. Hayakawa, American semanticist and politician (d. 1992)
- 1906 - Clifford Odets, American writer (d. 1963)
- 1909 - Andrei Gromyko, Soviet diplomat and President (d. 1989)
- 1909 - Mohammed Daoud Khan, President of Afghanistan (d. 1978)
- 1911 - Hume Cronyn, Canadian actor (d. 2003)
- 1913 - Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (d. 1997)
- 1918 - Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1921 - John Glenn, astronaut and politician
- 1922 - Thomas Kuhn, American philosopher (d. 1996)
- 1923 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)
- 1925 - Shirley Strickland, Australian athlete
- 1927 - Kurt Masur, Silesian-born conductor
- 1929 - Dick Button, American figure skater
- 1929 - Screamin' Jay Hawkins, American singer (d. 2000)
- 1930 - Burt Kwouk, English actor
- 1933 - Yevgeny Yevtushenko, Russian poet
- 1935 - Jayendra Saraswathi, Hindu religious leader
- 1937 - Roald Hoffman, Polish-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1937 - Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and author (d. 2005)
- 1940 - James Brolin, American actor
- 1940 - Joe Torre, baseball player and manager
- 1941 - Martha Reeves, American singer
- 1947 - Steve Forbes, American entrepreneur and politician
- 1948 - Hartmut Michel, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1950 - Sir Richard Branson, British entrepreneur
- 1951 - Elio Di Rupo, Belgian politician
- 1960 - Anne-Marie Johnson, American actress
- 1962 - Jack Irons, American drummer Red Hot Chili Peppers
- 1963 - Martín Torrijos Espino, President of Panama
- 1963 - Mike Greenwell, baseball player
- 1969 - Masanori Murakawa, Japanese professional wrestler
- 1967 - Vin Diesel, American actor
- 1975 - Torii Hunter, baseball player
- 1975 - Daron Malakian, American guitarist (System of a Down)
- 1978 - Ben Sheets, baseball player
- 1980 - Kristen Bell, American actress

Deaths

- 1100 - Godfrey of Bouillon, French crusader
- 1488 - Alvise Cadamosto, Italian explorer (b. 1432)
- 1591 - Jacobus Gallus, Slovenian composer (b. 1550)
- 1608 - Joachim Friedrich, Elector of Brandenburg (b. 1546)
- 1610 - Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, Italian artist (b. 1573)
- 1623 - Pope Gregory XV
- 1639 - Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar, German general (b. 1604)
- 1665 - Stefan Czarniecki, Polish general (b. 1599)
- 1695 - Johannes Camphuys, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1634)
- 1698 - Johann Heinrich Heidegger, Swiss theologian (b. 1633)
- 1721 - Antoine Watteau, French painter (b. 1684)
- 1730 - François de Neufville, duc de Villeroi, French soldier (b. 1644)
- 1792 - John Paul Jones, American naval commander (b. 1747)
- 1817 - Jane Austen, English novelist (b. 1775)
- 1863 - Robert Gould Shaw, American military officer (b. 1837)
- 1872 - Benito Juárez, President of Mexico (b. 1806)
- 1892 - Thomas Cook, English travel agent (b. 1808)
- 1949 - Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer (b. 1870)
- 1952 - Paul Saintenoy, Belgian architect (b. 1862)
- 1968 - Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
- 1988 - Nico, German-born model and singer (b. 1938)
- 1989 - Donnie Moore, baseball player (suicide) (b. 1954)
- 1990 - Yoon Boseon, President of South Korea (b. 1897)
- 1995 - Fabio Casartelli, Italian cyclist (b. 1970)
- 2001 - James Hatfield, American author
- 2001 - Fabio Taglioni, Italian automotive engineer (b. 1920)
- 2002 - Victor Emery, British theoretical physicist (b. 1933)
- 2004 - Paul Foot, British journalist (b. 1937)
- 2005 - William Westmoreland, U.S. Army general (b. 1914)

Holidays and observances

- Uruguay - Constitution Day
- Japan - Marine Day (3rd Monday of July, 2005)
- United States - National Ice Cream Day and National Caviar Day (mix those)

External links

- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/18 BBC: On This Day] ---- July 17 - July 19 - June 18 - August 18 -- listing of all days ko:7월 18일 ja:7月18日 th:18 กรกฎาคม

1826

See also 1826 in the United States. 1826 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).

Events

- February 8 - Argentina. Unitarian Bernardino Rivadavia becomes the first President of the country.
- February 11 - University College London is founded, under the name University of London.
- February 13 - American Temperance Society founded.
- April 1 - Samuel Morey patents the internal combustion engine.
- June 14-15 – The Auspicious Incident: Mahmud II, sultan of Ottoman Empire, crushes the last mutiny of janissaries in Istanbul
- June 22 - the Pan-American Congress of Panama tries to unify American republics (it fails)
- July 26 - Last auto de fe.
- Nicéphore Niépce creates the first permanent photograph
- First railway tunnel built in route between Liverpool and Manchester in England
- Cholera epidemic begins in India
- The British crown colony of the Straits Settlements is established.

Births

- January 12 - William Chapman Rawlston, banker and financier
- January 26 - Louis Favre, Swiss engineer (d. 1879)
- February 16 - Joseph Victor von Scheffel, German poet (d. 1886)
- February 16 - Julia Grant, First Lady of the United States (d. 1902)
- March 4 - Theodore Judah, railroad engineer (d. 1863)
- March 24 - Matilda Joslyn Gage, pioneering feminist (d. 1898)
- March 29 - Wilhelm Liebknecht, German journalist and politician (d. 1900)
- April 6 - Gustave Moreau, French painter (d. 1898)
- April 26 - George Hull Ward, American general (d. 1863)
- May 3 - King Charles XV of Sweden and Norway (d. 1872)
- May 4 - Frederic Edwin Church, American painter (b. 1900)
- June 24 - George Goyder, surveyor-general of South Australia (d. 1898)
- July 4 - Stephen Foster, American songwriter and poet (d. 1864)
- July 4 - Green Clay Smith, American temperance movement leader (d. 1895]])
- September 17 - Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (d. 1866)
- November 13 - Charles Frederick Worth, English couturier (d. 1895)
- November 24 - Carlo Collodi, Italian writer (d. 1890)

Exact month/day of birth unknown

William Daniel, American temperance movement leader (d. 1897)

Deaths

- January 3 - Louis Gabriel Suchet, French marshal (b. 1770)
- January 17 - Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga, Spanish composer (b. 1806)
- March 29 - Johann Heinrich Voß, German poet (b. 1751)
- June 5 - Carl Maria von Weber, German composer (b. 1786)
- July 4 - Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President of the United States (b. 1743)
- July 4 - John Adams, 2nd President of the United States (b. 1735)
- July 8 - Luther Martin, delegate to the American Constitutional Convention (b. 1746)
- November 23 - Johann Elert Bode, German astronomer (b. 1747) Category:1826 ko:1826년 ms:1826 simple:1826

Governor of Kentucky

This is a list of Governors of Kentucky:

Kentucky

The Commonwealth of Kentucky became the 15th U.S. state when it was admitted to the U.S. in 1792. Kentucky and its residents are most well known for thoroughbred horses and horse racing, local whisky distilleries, and enthusiasm for basketball. particularly for the two principal basketball rivals in the state--the blue and white Wildcats of the University of Kentucky and the red and black Cardinals of the University of Louisville. Sports rivalries between the University of Kentucky and the Universities of Tennessee and North Carolina have also long existed. While Kentucky's pastimes are distinctly those of the South, Kentuckian cuisine is considered to be a synergistic blend of Midwestern cuisine and Southern US cuisine.

Origin of name

It was once believed that the name Kentucky was derived from the Native American word meaning "dark and bloody hunting ground," which is believed to be due to the fact that many Native American tribes went there to hunt in the game-rich forests and often fought each other there. However, it is now most commonly believed that the name Kentucky can be attributed to various Native American languages with several possible meanings from "land of tomorrow" to "cane and turkey lands" to "meadow lands." This last may come from the Iroquois name for the Shawnee town Eskippathiki. The name Kentucky referred originally to the Kentucky River and from that came the name of the region.

History

Kentucky is one of four states referred to as a commonwealth. Before the American War of Independence, this land was called Transylvania with its capital at Boonesborough. It was a major gateway for early migration to the west through the Cumberland Gap, and was the first major frontier developed west of the Appalachian Mountains. Guns enabled this movement westward, and even the term shotgun was first coined in Kentucky in 1776. After the war, it became Kentucky County, Virginia and ten constitutional conventions took place at the courthouse of Constitution Square in Danville between 1784 and 1792. In 1790, Kentucky delegates accepted Virginia's terms for separation and the state constitution was drafted at the final convention in April 1792. On June 1, 1792, Kentucky became the fifteenth state in the union and Isaac Shelby, a Revolutionary War hero from Virginia, was named the first Governor of the Commonwealth Of Kentucky. Revolutionary War were born in Kentucky.]] Kentucky was a border state during the American Civil War and for a time had two state governments, one supporting the Confederacy and one supporting the Union. Fittingly, the Presidents of both the United States (Abraham Lincoln) and the Confederate States (Jefferson Davis) during the Civil War were born in Kentucky. At the beginning of the war, control of Kentucky was coveted by both sides of the conflict because of its central location. So much so, in fact, that in September 1861, Lincoln wrote in a private letter, “I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game.” The Confederates made advances in the state during the "Kentucky Campaign" of Generals Braxton Bragg and Edmund Kirby Smith in 1862, but Braggs' retreat following the Battle of Perryville left the state under the control of the Union Army for the rest of the war.

Law and government

The capital of Kentucky is Frankfort and its current governor is Ernie Fletcher (Republican). Kentucky's two U.S. Senators are Jim Bunning (Republican) and Mitch McConnell (Republican). The Kentucky Constitution provides for three branches of government: the legislative, the judicial, and the executive. Kentucky's General Assembly has two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The executive branch is headed by the Governor. See List of Kentucky Governors. The judicial branch of Kentucky is made up of trial courts, called District and Circuit Courts, an intermediate appellate court, called the Kentucky Court of Appeals, and a court of last resort, the Kentucky Supreme Court. Historically, Kentucky has leaned towards the Democratic Party, and was included among the "Solid South." The majority of the state's voters are officially registered as Democrats, although the majority has slimmed substantially in recent election cycles. Kentucky has voted Republican in five of the last seven presidential elections, but has supported the Democratic candidates of the South. The commonwealth supported Democrats Jimmy Carter in 1976, and Bill Clinton in 1992 and 1996, but Republican George W. Bush in 2000 and 2004. Bush won the state's 8 electoral votes overwhelmingly in 2004 by a margin of 20 percentage points and 59.6% of the vote. The most solidly Democratic counties are in the mountainous eastern unionized coal mining region, especially Pike, Floyd, Knott, Menifee, and Breathitt, and the city of Louisville.

Geography

See also: List of Kentucky counties List of Kentucky counties Kentucky, also known as The Bluegrass State, borders the Midwest and the Deep South. It touches West Virginia, Virginia, and Tennessee, but is separated by water from Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. Its northern border is the low-water mark on the north side of the Ohio River. Its western border is the Mississippi River. Other major rivers in Kentucky include the Kentucky River, Tennessee River, the Cumberland River, the Green River, and the Licking River. There are five main regions, the Cumberland Mountains and Cumberland Plateau in the southeast, the north-central Bluegrass Region, the south-central and western Pennyroyal Plateau, also sometimes termed "Pennyrile", the western coal-fields area, and the far-west Jackson Purchase. Jackson Purchase The largest cities in Kentucky in terms of geographic area are the two merged city/county governments of Lexington-Fayette and Louisville Metro, although Louisville and its metropolitan area both have a much larger population than Lexington and its metro area. Northern Kentucky, an assemblage of smaller cities across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ohio, also has a large metropolitan population. The Lexington MSA and the Kentucky portions of the Louisville and Cincinnati MSAs, together, only make up about 45% of the state population, suggesting how rural the state is although 83% of Kentuckians live in MSAs with populations greater than 65,000. Much of rural Kentucky has become suburban during the last decade of the twentieth century. Interestingly enough, Kentucky is the only U.S. state to have a non-contiguous part exist as an enclave of another state. Far western Kentucky includes a small part of land on the Mississippi River bordered by Missouri and accessible via Tennessee. This area is known as the Madrid Bend.

Regions

Bluegrass Region The Bluegrass region is commonly divided into two regions, the Inner Bluegrass - the encircling ninety miles around Lexington - and the Outer Bluegrass, the region that contains most of the Northern portion of the state, above the Knobs.

Significant natural attractions

- Cumberland Gap, chief passageway through the Appalachian Mountains in early American history.
- Cumberland Falls State Park, where a "moon-bow" may be seen in the mists of the falls.
- Mammoth Cave National Park, featuring tours of the world's longest cave.
- Red River Gorge Geological Area, part of the Daniel Boone National Forest.
- Land Between the Lakes, a National Recreation Area managed by the United States Forest Service.

Economy

The total gross state product for 2003 was $129 billion. Its Per Capita Personal Income was $26,575, 41st in the nation. Kentucky's agricultural outputs are horses, cattle, tobacco, dairy products, hogs, soybeans, corn, and often cotton in the west. Its industrial outputs are transportation equipment, chemical products, electric equipment, machinery, food processing, tobacco products, coal, and tourism.

Demographics

As of 2004, there were an estimated 4,145,922 people living in Kentucky. This is a increase of over 104,104 people from 2000. This includes about 95,000 foreign-born (2.3%). Racially, the population is:
- 89.3% White, non-Hispanic
- 7.3% Black
- 1.5% Hispanic
- 0.7% Asian
- 0.2% Native American
- 1.1% Mixed race The five largest ancestries in the state are: American (20.9%), German (12.7%), Irish (10.5%), English (9.7%), African American (7.3%). Blacks, who once represented a quarter of the state's population during the height of the tobacco, cotton, and hemp plantation era, are most concentrated in the southwest (notably Christian County and the city of Paducah), the Bluegrass, and the city of Louisville. "American ancestry" is the largest reported ancestry group throughout most of the state in the Census.

Religion

Religiously, Kentucky is mostly Protestant. The religious affiliations of the state are as follows:
- Christian – 86%
- Protestant – 70%
- Baptist – 35%
- Methodist – 5%
- Pentecostal – 4%
- Church of Christ – 3%
- Lutheran – 2%
- Presbyterian – 2%
- Other Protestant – 19%
- Roman Catholic – 15%
- Other Christian – 1%
- Jewish 0.01%
- Other Religions – <1%
- Non-religious – 14% Religious movements were important in the early history of Kentucky. Perhaps the most famous event was the interdenominational revival in August 1801 at the Cane Ridge Meeting house in Bourbon County. As part of what is now known as the "Western Revival" thousands began meeting around a Presbyterian communion service on August 6, 1801 and ended six days later on August 12, 1801 when both humans and horses ran out of food. The service was originally scheduled for August 8th but people began arriving two days earlier on a rainy August 6th. The meeting was hosted by Barton Stone. Presbyterians, Methodists and some Baptist were present as the services were attempted to be interdominational as possible. As the days wore on, some counted as many as seven preachers preaching at the same time from tree stumps or wagons.

Important cities and towns

Population > 1,000,000 (urbanized areas)

- Louisville

Population > 100,000 (urbanized areas)

- Lexington

Population > 10,000 (urbanized areas)

Important suburbs and small towns

Education

Colleges and universities

Private

Public

Community colleges

Professional sports teams

Kentucky is home to no major league sports team, but several minor league teams. Minor league baseball
- Louisville Bats (Triple-A International League affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds)
- Lexington Legends (Single-A South Atlantic League affiliate of the Houston Astros)
- Florence Freedom (Single-A Frontier League independent) Football
- Lexington Horsemen (United Indoor Football)
- Louisville Fire (AF2) Basketball
- Kentucky Colonels (American Basketball Association (21st century))

State symbols

American Basketball Association (21st century)
- State bird: Northern Cardinal
- State flower: Goldenrod
- State tree: Tulip Poplar (formerly the Kentucky coffeetree)
- State horse: Thoroughbred
- State fish: Kentucky Bass
- State wild animal: Grey Squirrel
- State butterfly: Viceroy Butterfly
- State gemstone: Fresh Water Pearl
- State fossil: Brachiopod
- State song: "My Old Kentucky Home" by Stephen Foster (1853)
- State bluegrass song: "Blue Moon of Kentucky" by Bill Monroe (1947)
- State drink: Milk
- State motto: "United We Stand, Divided We Fall"
- State slogan: "Unbridled Spirit"
- See also: Flag of Kentucky

Trivia

Several U.S. Navy ships have been named USS Kentucky in honor of the state. The USS Paducah and USS Louisville also served as naval vessels.

External links

- [http://www.genealogybuff.com/ky/ GenealogyBuff.com - Kentucky Library of Files]
- [http://www.kentuckytourism.com Kentucky Department of Tourism]
- [http://www.kentuckyhighlands.com/kh/index.asp The Kentucky Highlands Project]
- [http://history.ky.gov/Museums/Kentucky_History_Center.htm The Kentucky History Center]
- [http://obit.obitlinkspage.com/ky.htm Kentucky Obituary Links]
- [http://www.kentuckyunbridledspirit.com/ Kentucky: Unbridled Spirit]
- [http://kentucky.gov Kentucky.gov: My New Kentucky Home]
- [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/21000.html U.S. Census Bureau Kentucky QuickFacts]
- Category:States of the United States ko:켄터키 주 ms:Kentucky ja:ケンタッキー州 simple:Kentucky

1796

1796 was a leap year starting on Friday. (see link for calendar)

Events

- February 1 - The capital of Upper Canada is moved from Newark to York
- February 9 - The Qianlong Emperor abdicates at age 84 to make way for his son, the Jiaqing Emperor.
- March 9 - Widow Joséphine de Beauharnais marries General Napoléon Bonaparte.
- March 30 - Carl Gauss obtained conditions for the constructibility by ruler and compass of regular polygons and was able to announce that the regular 17-gon was constructible by ruler and compasses.
- April 2 - The only night of would-be Shakespearean play of Vortigern and Rowena (actually written by William Henry Ireland) ends into audience's laughter
- May 10 - First Coalition: Gen. Napoleon Bonaparte wins a decisive victory against Austrian forces at Lodi bridge over the River Adda in Italy. The Austrians lose some 2,000 men.
- May 14 -Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox vaccination.
- May 15 - Napoleon's troops take Milan
- May 20 - Last mock Garrat Elections in Surrey, England
- June 1 - Tennessee is admitted as the 16th U.S. state.
- July 11 - The U.S. takes possession of Detroit from Great Britain under terms of the Jay Treaty.
- July 22 - Surveyors of the Connecticut Land Company name an area in Ohio "Cleveland" after Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the superintendent of the surveying party.
- September 8 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Bassano - French forces defeat Austrian troops at Bassano.
- September 17 - U.S. President George Washington issues his Farewell Address, which warns against partisan politics and foreign entanglements.
- November: John Adams defeats Thomas Jefferson in the U.S. presidential election
- November 4 - The Treaty of Tripoli (between the United States and Tripoli) is signed at Tripoli (see also 1797)
- November 6 Old Style - Catherine II of Russia called Catherine "The Great" dies and is succeeded by her son Paul I of Russia. His wife Sophie Marie Dorothea of Württemberg becomes Empress consort.
- November 17 - French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Arcole - French forces defeat the Austrians in Italy.
- December 7 - U.S. Electoral College meets to elect John Adams president
- The Ron Santa Teresa distillery is established in Venezuela.
- British government purchase a 40 acre (162,000 m²) site at Norman Cross the first purposely built prisoner of war camp in England at that time.
- Mungo Park visits Segu kingdom
- The British seize Ceylon from the Dutch.

Ongoing events

- French Revolution (1789-1799)
- French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802)-First Coalition

Births

- January 25 - William MacGillivray, Scottish naturalist and ornithologist (d. 1852)
- February 22 - Lambert Adolphe Jacques Quetelet, Belgian mathematician (d. 1874)
- March 18 - Jakob Steiner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1863)
- May 1 - Junius Brutus Booth, English actor (d. 1852)
- May 4 - Horace Mann, American educator and abolitionist (d. 1859)
- July 6 - Emperor Nicholas I of Russia (d. 1855)
- July 16 - Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, French painter (d. 1875)
- July 23 - Franz Berwald, Swedish composer (d. 1868)
- August 15 - John Torrey, American botanist (d. 1873)
- August 25 - James Lick, American land speculator (d. 1876)
- September 19 - Hartley Coleridge, British poet (d. 1849)
- September 25 - Antoine-Louis Barye, French sculptor (d. 1875)
- October 23 - Stefano Franscini, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1857)
- November 30 - Carl Loewe, German composer (d. 1869)

Deaths

- January 13 - John H. D. Anderson, Scottish scientist and inventor (b. 1726)
- February 23 - Jean-Nicolas Stofflet, French royalist general (executed) (b. 1751)
- March 6 - Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer (b. 1713)
- March 19 - Hugh Palliser, British naval officer and administrator (b. 1722)
- May 12 - Johann Peter Uz, German poet (b. 1720)
- May 29 - Carl Fredrik Pechlin, Swedish politician (b. 1720)
- June 11 - Samuel Whitbread, Englsih brewer and politician (b. 1720)
- June 21 - Richard Gridley, American Revolutionary soldier (b. 1710)
- June 30 - Abraham Yates, American Continental Congressman (b. 1724)
- July 16 - George Howard, British field marshal (b. 1718)
- July 21 - Robert Burns, Scottish poet (b. 1759)
- August 1 - Robert Pigot, British army officer (b. 1720)
- August 21 - John McKinly, American physician and President of Delaware (b. 1721)
- September 21 - François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers, French royalist general (killed in battle) (b. 1769)
- October 7 - Thomas Reid, Scottish philosopher (b. 1710)
- November 6 - Catherine the Great of Russia (b, 1729) Category:1796 ko:1796년 ms:1796 simple:1796 th:พ.ศ. 2339

1812

:This article is about the year 1812. For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture. 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).

Events

- January 1 - the Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, the Austrian civil code enters into force in the Austrian Empire
- February 2 - Russia establishes a fur trading colony at Fort Ross, California
- February 7 - The last New Madrid Earthquake strikes New Madrid, Missouri, with an estimated moment magnitude of over 8
- February 11 - Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry invents gerrymandering
- March 15 - Luddites attack wool processing factory of Frank Vickerman in West Yorkshire
- March 26 - An earthquake destroys Caracas, Venezuela.
- April 30 - Louisiana is admitted as the 18th U.S. state.
- May 11 - Bankrupt banker assassinates British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval in the lobby of the British House of Commons.
- May 25 - Mine explosion at Felling colliery near Jarrow, England - 92 dead
- June 1 - War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the U.S. Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom.
- June 4 - Following Louisiana's admittance as a U.S. state, the territory by that name was renamed to Missouri Territory.
- June 18 - The War of 1812 begins between the United States and the United Kingdom.
- June 24 - Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Niemen river and invades Russia (see Patriotic War of 1812)
- July 12 - Americans invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario.
- July 22 - Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca - British forces led by Lord Wellington defeat French troops near Salamanca in Spain.
- August 5 - War of 1812: Tecumseh's Indian force ambushes Thomas Van Horne's 200 Americans at Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat.
- August 12 - Peninsular War: Wellington enters Madrid following the Battle of Salamanca.
- August 16 - War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army.
- August 19 - War of 1812: USS Constitution defeats the British frigate Guerrière off the coast of Nova Scotia. The British shot is said to have bounced off the Constitution 's sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides".
- September 7 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Borodino - Napoleon defeats the Russian army of Alexander I near the village of Borodino.
- September 14 - Napoleon's troops enter Moscow but the retreating Russian troops burn the city.
- October 9 - War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships; HMS Detroit and HMS Caledonia.
- October 13 - War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights - On the Niagara frontier in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock (although he dies during the battle).
- October 19 - Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow
- October 24 - Napoleonic Wars - Battle of Maloyaroslavets - an indecisive encounter between the French vanguard and a Russian force leads Napoleon to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results.
- November - James Madison defeats