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Ishtar TerraIshtar Terra is one of two main highland regions on the planet Venus. It is the smaller of the two "continents", and is located in the northern hemisphere. It is named after the Akkadian goddess Ishtar.
Category:Venus
Venus (Planet)
Venus, the second planet from the Sun, is named after the Roman goddess Venus. A terrestrial planet, it is sometimes called Earth's "sister planet", as the two are very similar in size and bulk composition. Although all planets' orbits are elliptical, Venus's orbit is the closest to circular, with an eccentricity of less than 1%.
As Venus is closer to the Sun than the Earth, it always appears in roughly the same direction from Earth as the Sun (the greatest elongation is 47.8°), so on Earth it can usually only be seen a few hours before sunrise or a few hours after sunset. However, when at its brightest, Venus may be seen during the daytime, making it one of only two heavenly bodies that can be seen both day and night (the other being the Moon). It is sometimes referred to as the "Morning Star" or the "Evening Star", and when it is visible in dark skies it is by far the brightest star-like object in the sky.
The cycle between one maximum elongation and the next lasts 584 days. After these 584 days Venus is visible in a position 72 degrees away from the previous one. Since 5
- 584 = 2920, which is equivalent to 8
- 365 Venus returns to the same point in the sky every 8 years (minus two leap days). This was known as the Sothis cycle in ancient Egypt, and was familiar to the Maya as well. Another association is with the Moon, because 2920 days equal almost exactly 99 lunations (29.5
- 99 = 2920.5).
Venus has a very slow retrograde rotation, meaning that, unlike with most planets, the direction of rotation (around its axis) is the opposite of its orbital rotation (around the Sun). The very slow rotation means that the distinction between the Sidereal day (rotation relative to the stars) and the Solar day (relative to the Sun) is very significant.
Solar day
The pentagram has long been associated with the planet Venus and the worship of the goddess Venus, or her equivalent. It is most likely to have originated from the observations of prehistoric astronomers. When viewed from Earth, the successive conjunctions of Venus plot the points of a pentagram around the Sun every eight years, returning to its starting point after a forty year cycle.
Venus was known to ancient Babylonians around 1600 BC, and to the Mayan civilization (the Mayans developed a religious calendar based on Venus's motion) and must have been known long before in prehistoric times, given that it is the third brightest object in the sky after the Sun and Moon. The Maasai people in Africa named the planet Kileken, and have a myth about it called "The Orphan Boy." The Morning Star was called the Bearer of Light ("phōsphoros" or "eōsphoros" in Greek and "Lucifer" in Latin, a term later used of the fallen angel cast out of heaven, see Isaiah 14:12). To the Jews it was known as Noga ("shining") and it was used in rabbinic literature as a symbol of beauty and purity
Isaiah Its symbol is the sign also used in biology for the female sex, a stylized representation of the goddess Venus's hand mirror: a circle with a small cross underneath (Unicode: ♀). The Venus symbol also represents femininity, and in ancient alchemy stood for copper. Alchemists constructed the symbol from a circle (representing spirit) above a cross (representing matter).
The association with sex and femininity is supposed to relate to the period of 266 days between the conjunction and maximum elongation of Venus, which corresponds more or less to the length of human pregnancy.
The adjective Venusian is commonly used for Venus, but it is etymologically incorrect. The true adjective coming from Latin, Venereal, is avoided because of its modern association with sexually transmitted diseases. Some astronomers use Cytherean, which comes from Cythera. Other less common adjectives include Venerean, Venerian, and Veneran.
The Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Vietnamese cultures refer to the planet as the metal star, 金星, based on the Five Elements.
Physical characteristics
Atmosphere
Venus has an atmosphere consisting mainly of carbon dioxide and a small amount of nitrogen, with a pressure at the surface about 90 times that of Earth (a pressure equivalent to a depth of 1 kilometer under Earth's oceans); its atmosphere is also roughly 90 times more massive than ours. This enormously CO2-rich atmosphere results in a strong greenhouse effect that raises the surface temperature more than 400 °C (750 °F) above what it would be otherwise, causing temperatures at the surface to reach extremes as great as 500 °C (930 °F) in low elevation regions near the planet's equator. This makes Venus's surface hotter than Mercury's, even though Venus is nearly twice as distant from the Sun and only receives 25% of the solar irradiance (2613.9 W/m² in the upper atmosphere, and just 1071.1 W/m² at the surface). Owing to the thermal inertia and convection of its dense atmosphere, the temperature does not vary significantly between the night and day sides of Venus despite its extremely slow rotation of less than one rotation per Venusian year, meaning that, at the equator, Venus' surface rotates at a mere 6.5 km/h (4 mph). Upper atmosphere winds circling the planet approximately every 4 days help distribute the heat to other areas on the surface.
The solar irradiance is so much lower at the surface of Venus because the planet's thick cloud cover reflects the majority of the sunlight back into space. This prevents most of the sunlight from ever heating the surface. Venus's bolometric albedo is approximately 60%, and its visual light albedo is even greater. Thus, despite being closer to the Sun than Earth, the surface of Venus is not as well heated and even less well lit by the Sun. In the absence of any greenhouse effect, the temperature at the surface of Venus would be quite similar to Earth. A common conceptual misunderstanding regarding Venus is the mistaken belief that its thick cloud cover traps heat, as the opposite is actually true. The cloud cover keeps the planet much cooler than it would be otherwise. The immense quantity of CO2 in the atmosphere is what traps the heat by the greenhouse mechanism.
There are strong 300 km/h (200 mph) winds at the cloud tops, but winds at the surface are very slow, no more than a few miles per hour. However, owing to the high density of the atmosphere at Venus's surface, even such slow winds exert a significant amount of force against obstructions. The clouds are mainly composed of sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid droplets and cover the planet completely, obscuring any surface details from the human eye. The temperature at the tops of these clouds is approximately −45 °C (−50 °F). The mean surface temperature of Venus, as given by NASA, is 464 °C (864 °F). The minimal value of the temperature, listed in the table, refers to cloud tops —the surface temperature is never below 400 °C (750 °F). (This makes the surface temperature hot enough to melt lead.)
The atmosphere also contains hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbonyl sulfide (SCO). Hydrogen sulfide reacts with sulfur dioxide, which implies that some process must be creating these components. It is unclear how the carbonyl sulfide could be formed--it is often a sign of biological activity. Some have suggested that microbes exist in the clouds (which also contain droplets of water), and produce these components from water, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. [http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg17523621.800.html New Scientist, Sept. 28, 2002, p. 16]
Surface features
sulfur dioxide
Venus has slow retrograde rotation, meaning it rotates from east to west, instead of west to east as most of the other major planets do. (Pluto and Uranus also have retrograde rotation, though Uranus's axis, tilted at 97.86 degrees, almost lies in its orbital plane.) It is not known why Venus is different in this manner, although it may be the result of a collision with a very large asteroid at some time in the distant past. If the Sun could be seen from Venus' surface, it would appear to rise and set in a 116.75 day cycle (Venus' synodic rotation period), and a Venusian year would thus last 1.92 Venusian "days".
In addition to this unusual retrograde rotation, the periods of Venus' rotation and of its orbit are synchronized in such a way that it always presents the same face toward Earth when the two planets are at their closest approach (5.001 Venusian days between each inferior conjunction). This may simply be a coincidence, but there is some speculation that this may be the result of tidal locking, with tidal forces affecting Venus' rotation whenever the planets get close enough together —although the tides raised by Earth on Venus are vanishingly small.
Venus has two major continent-like highlands on its surface, rising over vast plains. The northern highland is named Ishtar Terra and has Venus's highest mountains, named the Maxwell Montes (roughly 2 km taller than Mount Everest) after James Clerk Maxwell, which surround the plateau Lakshmi Planum. Ishtar Terra is about the size of Australia. In the southern hemisphere is the larger Aphrodite Terra, about the size of South America. Between these highlands are a number of broad depressions, including Atalanta Planitia, Guinevere Planitia, and Lavinia Planitia. With only the exception of Maxwell Montes, all surface features on Venus are named after real or mythological females. Venus' thick atmosphere causes meteors to decelerate as they fall toward the surface, and even large meteors will strike the surface at too low a speed to form an impact crater if they have less than a certain threshold kinetic energy. Because of this, no impact crater smaller than about 3 km (2 mi) in diameter can form.
Nearly 90% of Venus's surface appears to consist of recently (in the geological sense) solidified basaltic lava, with very few meteorite craters. The oldest features present on Venus seem to be only around 800 million years old, with most of the terrain being considerably younger (though still not less than several hundred million years for the most part). This suggests that Venus underwent a major resurfacing event in the not too distant geological past. The interior of Venus is probably similar to that of Earth: an iron core about 3000 km in radius, with a molten rocky mantle making up the majority of the planet. Recent results from the Magellan gravity data indicate that Venus's crust is stronger and thicker than had previously been assumed. It is theorized that Venus does not have mobile plate tectonics as Earth does, but instead undergoes massive volcanic upwellings at regular intervals that inundate its surface with fresh lava. Other recent findings suggest that Venus is still volcanically active in isolated geological hotspots.
Venus's intrinsic magnetic field has been found very weak compared to other planets in the solar system. This may be due to its slow rotation being insufficient to drive an internal dynamo of liquid iron. As a result, solar wind strikes Venus's upper atmosphere without mediation. It is thought that Venus originally had as much water as Earth, but that under the Sun's assault water vapor in the upper atmosphere was split into hydrogen and oxygen, with the hydrogen escaping into space owing to its low molecular mass; the ratio of hydrogen to deuterium (a heavier isotope of hydrogen which doesn't escape as quickly) in Venus's atmosphere seems to support this theory. Molecular oxygen is thought to have combined with atoms in the crust (large amounts of oxygen, however, remain in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide). Because of their dryness, Venus's rocks are much harder than Earth's, which leads to steeper mountains, cliffs and other features.
Venus' moon
Venus was once thought to possess a moon, named Neith after the chief goddess of Sais, Egypt (whose veil no mortal raised), first observed by Giovanni Domenico Cassini in 1672. German astronomers called the moon Kleinchen (literally "tiny"), and sporadic sightings by astronomers continued until 1892. These sightings have since been discredited, and are thought to have been either spurious internal reflections, mostly faint stars that happened to be in the right place at the right time, or maybe even asteroids passing by the planet. Venus is now known to be moonless.
Observations and explorations of Venus
Venus has been observed several times within the past 4000 years by a number of people, including the Greeks.
Appearance
Cultural references
:See also Venus in fiction
Until it was penetrated by probes, Venus's opaque cloud layer gave science fiction writers free rein in imagining the planet's surface, and they frequently imagined it to be Earthlike. There are some religious sects who believe that Hell may be located on Venus. Its extremely high surface temperature and impenetrable cloud cover cause people to believe that the fires of Hell burn on the surface, obscured from our earthly view. Conversely, other sects consider Venus to be some form of paradise or an advanced secret base for angels/aliens to operate from.
- In Olaf Stapledon's epic Last and First Men (1930), Venus is an oceanic idyll where humans evolve the power of flight.
- In the mythology of Middle-earth (1937), by J. R. R. Tolkien, Venus is the Star of Eärendil. The star was created when Eärendil the Mariner was set in the sky on his ship, with a Silmaril bound to his brow. In fact, Tolkien chose the name directly from the ancient Old English word for the planet Venus.
- In H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos (1928–), there are mentions of the 'Lords of Venus', and conflicting indications that the Serpent People originated there.
- Edgar Rice Burroughs wrote a series of five books on Venus, featuring hero Carson Napier, who discovers that Venus (or Amtor, as it is known by the Venusians) is a world of sky-high trees, warring kingdoms and princesses in need of rescue. [http://www.tarzan.com/worlds/amtor.html]
- The H. P. Lovecraft and Kenneth Sterling short story 'In the Walls of Eryx' (1939), takes place on Venus, but is not considered part of the Cthulhu Mythos.
- The second book of the Space Trilogy (1938–1945) by C.S. Lewis, Perelandra 1943) takes place on Venus (called by the natives Perelandra), the site of a second garden of Eden.
- In the military science fiction classic Clash by Night (1943) by Henry Kuttner (writing as Lawrence O'Donnell) and C. L. Moore, underwater city-states hire mercenary companies and their battleships to fight their wars on the surface.
- Venus was the home planet of the Mekon, arch-enemy of the 1950s comic book hero Dan Dare.
- Many science-fiction movies and serials of the '50s and '60s, such as Abbott and Costello Go to Mars and Space Patrol, have used Venus' namesake goddess and her domain to contrive planetary populations of nubile women welcoming (or attacking) all-male astronaut crews.
- In the Noon Universe created by the Soviet science fiction writers Boris and Arkady Strugatsky, Venus is depicted as a extremely harsh planet covered by strange flora and fauna but also very rich in minerals and heavy metals. The novel The Land of Crimson Clouds (Strana Bagrovykh Tuch in the original) describes the first successful manned mission to Venus, although a full-scaled colonization of the planet was not initiated until much later (in 2119; see Noon: 22nd Century).
- Venus is the location of several Starfleet Academy training facilities and terraforming stations in the fictional Star Trek universe (1966–).
- In Jacqueline Susann's Yargo (1979), Venus is inhabited by bees that are as big as horses.
- Venus is briefly mentioned in Arthur C. Clarke's 3001: The Final Odyssey (1997).
- A presumably terraformed Venus was the setting of one episode of the anime Cowboy Bebop (1998). In the show, Venus was revealed to be an arid but habitable world. Much of the population lived in floating cities in the sky. In the cartoon Exosquad, terraformed Venus was portrayed as one of the three habitable planets in the solar system (the others being Earth and Mars).
- In the Japanese anime series, Bishoujo Senshi Sailor Moon (1992), Sailor Venus is a soldier representing the planet of the same name. In mythology, Venus is the Roman goddess of love (Aphrodite in Greek), therefore, Sailor Venus's attacks and weapons (e.g. Venus Love Me Chain and Venus Love and Beauty Shock) represent the idea of love and femininity. Her image colours are gold and orange--similar to the colour of the planet. Also, on her forehead is the planet's symbol.
- A more scientifically accurate depiction of the planet is offered in Ben Bova's novel Venus (2000, ISBN 031287216X)-
See also
- List of artificial objects on Venus
- List of mountains on Venus
- List of craters on Venus
- Transit of Venus
- Venus (mythology)
- Planets in astrology
- Ephemeris of Venus
- Geology of Venus
References
- Arnett, Bill (2005). [http://www.nineplanets.org/venus.html Venus]. Retrieved March 27, 2005.
- European Space Agency (2005). [http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/Venus_Express/ Venus Express overview]. Retrieved March 27, 2005.
- Grayzeck, Ed (2004). [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html Venus Fact Sheet]. NASA. Retrieved March 27, 2005.
- Grieger, Bjoern (2004). [http://www.space-vision.biz/product.venuslandscape.de.html Picture “Real Venus”]. Retrieved March 27, 2005.
- The Maya Astronomy Page (2002). [http://www.michielb.nl/maya/venus.html Venus]. Retrieved March 27, 2005.
- Mitchell, Don P. (2004). [http://www.mentallandscape.com/V_Venus.htm The Soviet Exploration of Venus]. Retrieved March 27, 2005.
- Rosenthal, David. (2003). [http://www.ridgecrest.ca.us/~n6tst/maya/newpage.html THE SOUTHERNMOST RISE OF VENUS AT UXMAL, 1997]. Retrieved March 27, 2005.
- Vienna University of Technology (2004). [http://www.vias.org/spacetrip/venus_dimensionalviews.html Venus Three-Dimensional Views]. Retrieved March 27, 2005.
- [http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?1996JBAA..106...16M]
- [http://www.ibiblio.org//e-notes/VRML/Globe/Globe.htm 3D VRML Venus globe]
- [http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html Venus Fact Sheet]
Pentagram
- http://www.mikecrowson.co.uk/pentagram.html
- http://www.symbols.com/encyclopedia/29/2914.html
- http://www.hyperflight.com/venus-five-pointed-star.htm
- [http://www.run4space.com/viewforum.php?f=8 Venus Forum]
-
ko:금성
ms:Zuhrah
ja:金星
simple:Venus (planet)
th:ดาวศุกร์
Akkad
Akkad (or Agade) was a city and its region of northern Mesopotamia,
situated on the left bank of the Euphrates, between Sippar and Kish (located in present-day Iraq, ca. 50 km south-west of the center of Baghdad, ). It reached the height of its power between the 22nd and 18th centuries BCE, before the rise of Babylonia.
Akkad gave its name to the Akkadian language, reflecting use of akkadû ("in the language of Akkad") in the Old Babylonian period to denote the Semitic version of a Sumerian text.
History
The earliest records in Akkadian date to the time
of Sargon of Akkad (23rd century BCE). While Sargon is traditionally cited as the first ruler of a combined empire of Akkad and Sumer, more recent work suggests that a Sumerian expansion began under a previous king, Lugal-Zage-Si of Uruk. However, Sargon took this process further, conquering many of the surrounding regions to create an empire that reached as far as the Mediterranean Sea and Anatolia.
In the later Babylonian literature the name Akkadu, together with Sumer, appears as part of the royal title, as in the Sumerian lugal Kengi (ki) Uru (ki) or Akkadian šar māt Šumeri u Akkadi, translating to "king of Sumer and Akkad", which appears to have meant simply "king of Babylonia".
The site of Akkad has not been identified, though texts from as late as the 6th century BCE mention it, and its ruined buildings.
Origin of the Name
The city of Akkad is mentioned once in the Old Testament (Genesis 10:10).
:And the beginning of his (Nimrod's) kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar. (KJV)
The Greek (LXX) spelling is Archad.
The name Agade is probably from the Sumerian language, appearing
e.g. in the Sumerian king list, the later Assyro-Babylonian Semitic form Akkadû ("of or belonging to Akkad") probably being derived from Agade.
It is possible that the name AGA.DE means "Crown of Fire"[1] in allusion to Ishtar, "the brilliant goddess", whose cult was observed in very early times in Agade. This is suggested by the writings of Nabonidus, whose record [2] mentions that Ishtar worship of Agade was later superseded by that of the goddess Anunit, whose shrine was at Sippar. It is significant in this connection that there were two cities named Sippar, one under the protection of Shamash, the sun-god, and one under Anunit,suggesting proximity of Sippar and Agade. One
theory held (as of 1911) was that Agade was situated opposite Sippar on the left bank of the Euphrates, and was probably the oldest part of the city of Sippar.
Notes
#Prince, "Materials for a Sumerian Lexicon", pp. 23, 73, Journal of Biblical Literature, 1906.
#I. Rawl. 69, col. ii. 48 and iii. 28.
Literature
- A. Leo Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization
See also
- Akkadian Empire
- Sargon of Akkad
- Babylonia
External links
- [http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Akkad.html Akkad History]: from The History of the Ancient Near East
References
-
Category:Babylonia
Category:Assyria
Category:Babylonia
Category:Assyria
Category:Destroyed cities
Category:Archaeological sites in Iraq
ja:アッカド
Ishtar:This article is about the Mesopotamian goddess. For other uses, see Ishtar (disambiguation).
Ishtar is the Akkadian counterpart to the Sumerian Inanna and to the cognate northwest Semitic goddess Astarte. Anunit, Astarte and Atarsamain are alternative names for Ishtar. Inanna, twin of Utu/Shamash, children of Nannar/Sin, first born on Earth of Enlil. The first names given are Sumerian, the second names derive from the Akkadians, who are a Semitic people who immigrated into Sumeria. Adding an [sh] to a name is typical Akkadian, as Anu to Anush.
Semitic]
The goddess represents the planet Venus. (A continent on Venus is named Ishtar Terra by astronomers today.) The double aspect of the goddess may correspond to the difference between Venus as a morning star and as an evening star. In Sumerian the planet is called "MUL.DILI.PAT" meaning "unique star". The name Inanna (sometimes spelled Inana) means "Great Lady of An", where An is the god of heaven. The meaning of Ishtar is not known, though it is possible that the underlying stem is the same as that of Assur, which would thus make her the "leading one" or "chief". In any event, it is now generally recognized that the name is Semitic in origin.
The Sumerian Inanna was first worshiped at Uruk (Erech in the Bible, Unug in Sumerian) in the earliest period of Mesopotamian history. In incantations, hymns, myths, epics, votive inscriptions, and historical annals, Inanna/Ishtar was celebrated and invoked as the force of life. But there were two aspects to this goddess of life. She was the goddess of fertility and sexuality, and could also destroy the fields and make the earth's creatures infertile. She was invoked as a goddess of war, battles, and the chase, particularly among the warlike Assyrians. Before the battle Ishtar would appear to the Assyrian army, clad in battle array and armed with bow and arrow. (compare Greek Athena.)
One of the most striking Sumerian myths describes Inanna passing through seven gates of hell into the underworld. At each gate some of her clothing and her ornaments are removed until at the last gate she is entirely naked. Ereshkigal, the queen of the underworld kills her and hangs her corpse on a hook on the wall. When Inanna returns from the underworld by intercession of the clever god, her uncle, Enki, according to the rules she must find someone to take her place. On her way home she encounters her friends prostrated with grief at her loss, but in Kulaba, her cult city, she finds her lover Dumuzi, a son of Enki, Tammuz seated in splendour on a throne, so she has him seized and dragged below. Later, missing him, she arranges for his sister to substitute for him during six months of the year. (Compare Greek story of Persephone)
In all the great centres Inanna and then Ishtar had her temples: E-anna, "house of An", in Uruk; E-makh, "great house", in Babylon; E-mash-mash, "house of offerings", in Nineveh. Inanna was the guardian of prostitutes, and probably had priestess-prostitutes to serve her. She was served by priests as well as by priestesses. The (later) votaries of Ishtar were virgins who, as long as they remained in her service, were not permitted to marry. Inanna was also associated with beer, and was the patroness of tavern keepers, who were usually female in early Mesopotamia.
Ishtar is also an omnipresent figure in the epic of Gilgamesh. She appears also on the Uruk vase, one of the most famous ancient Mesopotamian artifacts. The relief on this vase seems to show Inanna conferring kingship on a supplicant. Various inscriptions and artifacts indicate that kingship was one of the gifts bestowed by Inanna on the ruler of Uruk.
On monuments and seal-cylinders Inanna/Ishtar appears frequently with bow and arrow, though also simply clad in long robes with a crown on her head and an eight-rayed star as her symbol. Statuettes have been found in large numbers representing her as naked with her arms folded across her breast or holding a child.
Together with the moon god Nanna or Suen (Sin in Akkadian), and the sun god Utu (Shamash in Akkadian), Inanna/Ishtar is the third figure in a triad deifying and personalizing the moon, the sun, and the earth: Moon (wisdom), Sun (justice) and Earth (life force). This triad overlies another: An, heaven; Enlil, earth; and Enki (Ea in Akkadian), the watery deep.
Ishtar in popular culture
- Another Ishtar is a character in Namco's Tower of Druaga series. She is rumored to be the same Ishtar as the Akkadian goddess (usually by fans and critics alike), but there is not enough information to clarify whether she is the same goddess (or even a goddess). She is portrayed as kindly in the original tetrology (The Quest of Ki, The Tower of Druaga, The Return of Ishtar, and The Blue Crystal Rod), but is portrayed as bad-humored in Nightmare of Druaga.
- Ishtar is also the elemental Goddess of Virtue in the Ogre Battle Series, and sister of Lodisian chief God, Filahr. When her prowess is invoked, she sends her flying squirrel avatar, ignis fatuus to decimate undead and demonic enemies. In the most recent installation of the series (Tactics Ogre Gaiden: The Knight of Lodis), her name was altered to "Ishtalle."
- In the comic book series Sandman by Neil Gaiman, Ishtar appears as the goddess trying to live in modern times as an exotic dancer.
- The name Ishtar also appears in Konami's Yu-Gi-Oh games. Ishtar is the name of a family including Marik and Ishizu.
- In Virgin Publishing's "Doctor Who:The New Adventures", the book "Timewyrm:Genesis" portrays Ishtar/Innana as a criminal space traveller, stranded on Earth, who usurps local beliefs to effect her escape. The main characters from the Epic of Gilgamesh feature prominently.
- In the game Sailor Moon: Another Story, Ishtar is a member of the Opposit Senshi and the direct counterpart of Sailor Venus who is referenced to Aphrodite.
- In the Japanese manga Red River (aka Sora wa Akai Kawa no Hotori, and Anatolia Story) by Chie Shinohara, the main character Yuuri gets sucked into Ancient Anatolia where the Hittites believe she is Ishtar.
- In Stargate SG-1 season 7 episode "Birth Right" and season 8 episode "Sacrifices", Ishta(r) (played by former Star Trek Enterprise actress, Jolene Blalock) is a priestess of the Goa'uld System Lord Moloc. She secretely protects and helps women Jaffa warriors to escape from Moloc's maiden sacrifice rituals. Ishtar lived together with her group of Amazon-like warriors in a planet called Ha'ktyl but they fled to Earth when Moloc became awared of their sanctuary's location.
- Ishtar also appears in the Fire Emblem Series; more specifically, Fire Emblem: Seisen no Keifu. She is a thunder mage who fights against Celice in the second story, but she is defeated near the game's end.
- Ishtar is a universe-class surgeon and geneticist in three of Heinlein's novels, Time Enough for Love, To Sail Beyond the Sunset, and The Number of the Beast.
Category:Akkadian deities
ja:イシュタル
Category:Venus
Category:Planets of the Solar System
ko:분류:금성
ja:Category:金星
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Senio
Il Senio è un fiume situato in provincia di Ravenna lungo 92 km.
Nasce dall'Appennino Tosco-Emiliano dal poggio dell'Altella, e confluisce nel fiume Reno, 6 km a nord-est dal comune di Alfonsine. Lungo il Senio, durante la seconda guerra mondiale nell'inverno
La famiglia Adorno è stata una famiglia nobile molto potente a Genova nel Basso Medioevo e nel Rinascimento.
Da questa famiglia provengono sette Dogi della Repubblica di Genova e diverse altre figure di spicco.
La famiglia ebbe molti feudi e castelli e fu
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Coagulazione
In biochimica la coagulazione è un processo mediante il quale un liquido o una sospensione colloidale vengono trasformati irreversibilmente in una sostanza semisolida, a causa di agenti chimici (come l'aggiunta di elettroliti) o agenti fisici (ad esempio variazioni di temperatura o l'evaporazione del
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D.J. Cram
Chimico statunitense(Chester, Vermont,1919 - Los Angeles 2001). Si laureò alla Harvard University Press e insegnò dal 1956 all' università di California a Los Angeles. Studiò un gruppo di composti organici particolari che presentano una struttura molecolare ciclica o ad anello in grado di accoppiarsi stericamente o selettivamente con altre molecole organiche di struttura specifica. Per tali studi ottenne, con
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Lanfranco di Pavia
Lanfranco di Pavia (Pavia, ca 1005 – Canterbury, Inghilterra, 28 maggio 1089), teologo e filosofo italiano
Biografia
Lanfranco nacque intorno al 1005 a Pavia, figlio di Ambaldo, magistrato appartenente all'ambiente del sacrum palatium. Secondo un suo biografo, fu istruito fin dalla fanciullezza nelle scu
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Adorno (dinastia)
La famiglia Adorno è stata una famiglia nobile molto potente a Genova nel Basso Medioevo e nel Rinascimento.
Da questa famiglia provengono sette Dogi della Repubblica di Genova e diverse altre figure di spicco.
La famiglia ebbe molti feudi e castelli e fu
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