Córdoba (Argentinan province)

Córdoba is a province of Argentina, located in the centre of the country. Its capital, Córdoba, is the second largest city in the country. Neighboring provinces are (clockwise from the north): Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, Buenos Aires, La Pampa, San Luis, La Rioja and Catamarca.

History

Before the Spanish conquest a few different tribes lived in the region now called Córdoba Province, most notably the Comechingones and Sanavirones. Once settled in Alto Perú, the Spaniards searched for a route to the River Plate port in the Atlantic Ocean to transport the Peruvian gold and silver to Europe. Córdoba de la Nueva Andalucía (nowdays Córdoba) was founded as a middle point on that route on July 6, 1573 by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera. The Colegio Convictorio de Nuestra Señora de Monserrat is founded by the Jesuits in 1599, and in 1622 it becomes the Universidad de Córdoba ("University of Cordoba") in 1622, the first one in Argentina. The city continued growing as an important cultural centre supported by the traffic of precious metals from Perú. In 1761 a printing press is installed in the University. In 1783, 7 years after the consolidation of the Viceroyalty of the River Plate, the Intendencia de Córdoba became the capital of what now includes the La Rioja, Mendoza, San Juan and San Luis Province, dividing the former Tucumán Intendency in two. Rafael de Sobremonte was its first governor, when Córdoba City had 38,800 inhabitants. After the May Revolution in 1810, governor Gutiérrez de la Concha joined a meeting that decided to ingore the authority of the Buenos Aires Junta. Ortiz de Ocampo attacks the city and executes the leaders of the opposition among whom was Santiago de Liniers, leader of the resistance during the British invasions of the River Plate. Under the hand of Juan Bautista Bustos, and specially after 1820, Córdoba and Buenos Aires started a struggle for the organization of the Nation that had, by that time, neither legislative nor executive branches. Córdoba pleaded for a federal organization of the provinces while Rivadavia pretended a centralised government in Buenos Aires. For 15 years the province was submerged in internal revolts that started to stabilize in 1868 under the provisional government of Félix de la Peña. During the presidency of Sarmiento an astronomic observatory (1871) and the Faculty of Physic Sciences and Mathematics (1873) are inaugurated. Córdoba had a second population grouth due to the immigration attracted by the arrival of the railways. From 1887 on, several agricultural colonies (San Francisco, Marcos Juárez, etc) emerged, while former rest-point Fraile Muerto (Bell Ville), Ferreira (Villa María) and Los Luceros (Río Segundo), on the route to Buenos Aires, became agricultural, commercial and industrial centres respectively. The University Reform movement from Córdoba in 1918 not only influenced the rest of the country but the rest of South America. Modernization of the curricular contents and the improvement of the students rights were the main achievements of the movement. After the World War II, many foreign workers and workers from other provinces in Argentina were seduced by Córdoba's industrial development, which grew thanks to the expansion of the car industry and its deviates. During Arturo Frondizi's presidency (1958-1962), most car industry intalations where settled in Cordoba City and its surroundings. Like in the rest of the country, Peronist groups emerged in 1955 after the coup that took Juan Perón out of office. This Peronist groups, together with other socialist and anarchist groups, started opposing the many military governments of the 1960. Worker and student participation of politics grew due to the popular discontent, resulting the popular revolt known as "El Cordobazo". This revolt, mirrored by the Rosariazo and others in several parts of the country, undermined the power of Onganía and ultimately caused him to be driven out of office by other military factions.

Economy

Agriculture and livestock provide 25% of the province's income. The agriculture is centred in soybeans, wheat and maize, and other cereals. Cattle and sheep enjoy the grass of Cordoba's green hills. The province provides 15% of the national cattle production. The food industry around oil, milk and cereal derivatives is also very important, being candy factory Arcor one of the most important. Arcor The installation of the Fábrica Militar de Aviones in 1927, and other state-owned industries placed Córdoba among the most important industrial point in Argentina. In the second half of the 20th century, the industry centred on car manufactory and machinery for the agriculture. Industry represent 20% of the income of the province, and the energy production that supports it is based mainly in 15 hydroelectric dams (2,350 millions kW/hour), and the Embalse Río Tercero PHWR atomic plant (600 MWe). Mining includes many different minerals, and construction material such as marble and lime. Uranium is also extracted to feed the 3 Argentine atomic plants. Tourism, as in the rest of Argentina, is a growing industry favoured by the mild weather, a number of small rivers, and low height green hills. Around 3 million tourists from the rest of Argentina and other countries visit Córdoba every year. The province has 500,000 beds within hotels, hostels, farms for tourists and other types of accommodation. Important festivities include the Cosquín National Folk Music, and Jesús María Folk and Taming Festivals.

Political division

Taming The province is divided in 26 departments (Spanish: departamentos) here listed with their capitals. # Calamuchita (San Agustín) # Capital (Córdoba) # Colón (Jesús María) # Cruz del Eje (Cruz del Eje) # General Roca (Villa Huidobro) # General San Martín (Villa María) # Ischilín (Deán Funes) # Juárez Celman (La Carlota) # Marcos Juárez (Marcos Juárez) # Minas (San Carlos) # Pocho (Salsacate) # Presidente Roque Sáenz Peña (Laboulaye) # Punilla (Cosquín) # Río Cuarto (Río Cuarto) # Río Primero (Santa Rosa de Río Primero) # Río Seco (Villa de María del Río Seco) # Río Segundo (Villa del Rosario) # San Alberto (Villa Cura Brochero) # San Javier (Villa Dolores) # San Justo (San Francisco) # Santa María (Alta Gracia) # Sobremonte (San Francisco del Chañar) # Tercero Arriba (Oliva) # Totoral (Villa del Totoral) # Tulumba (Villa Tulumba) # Unión (Bell Ville)

Other cities

- Alta Gracia
- Carlos Paz or Villa Carlos Paz
- Cosquín
- Capilla del Monte
- Río Cuarto
- Río Segundo
- Río Tercero
- Jesús María
- Villa Allende
- Villa María
- Bell Ville
- Quilino
- Ischilín
- Laboulaye
- La Falda
- Las Varillas
- Leones
- Malvinas Argentinas, Córdoba
- Miramar
- Cruz del Eje
- Villa General Belgrano
- Santa Rosa de Calamuchita
- Villa Cura Brochero
- Mar Chiquita

External links

- [http://www.cba.gov.ar official Site] (Spanish) Category:Provinces of Argentina Category:Córdoba Province (Argentina)

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