Home About us Products Services Contact us Bookmark
:: wikimiki.org ::
Ivo Andrić

Ivo Andrić

Ivo Andrić (in Cyrillic Иво Андрић) (October 9, 1892 – March 13, 1975) was a Serbian and Croatian novelist, short story writer, and Nobel Prize winner from the former Yugoslavia. Ivan Andrić (Ivo is the diminutive form of Ivan) was born on October 9th, 1892 in the village of Dolac near Travnik, Bosnia (then part of Austria-Hungary, today Bosnia and Herzegovina), to Catholic Croat parents - Antun Andrić and Katarina Pejić. When he was two years old his father died, and because his mother was too poor to support him he was raised by his aunt and her husband in the eastern Bosnian town of Višegrad on the river Drina. There he got to know the Ottoman bridge that he made famous in his novel "The Bridge on the Drina". He started his education in Sarajevo's Gymnasium and later studied at the universities in Zagreb, Vienna, Krakow and Graz. Because of his political activities, Andrić was interned by the Austrian government during World War I, first in Maribor and later in the Doboj detention camp alongside civilian Serbs and pro-Serb south Slavs. Under the newly formed Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) Andrić became a civil servant, initially working in the Ministry of Faiths, but soon moving to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs where he pursued a successful diplomatic career, rising to the position of Deputy Foreign Minister and later Ambassador to Germany. His ambassadorship ended in 1941 after the German attack on Yugoslavia. During World War II Andrić lived quietly in Belgrade, completing the three of his most famous novels which were published in 1945, including "The Bridge on the Drina". After World War II Andrić held a number of ceremonial posts in the new Communist government of Yugoslavia, including that of the memeber of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1961 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country. Following the death of his wife in 1968, he began reducing his public activities. As the time went by, he became increasingly ill and eventually died on March 13th, 1975 in Belgrade (then Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, today Serbia and Montenegro). The material for his works was mainly drawn from the history, folklore and culture of his native Bosnia. Andrić began writing in Croatian, but, like many other Croatian writers in the period immediately after the founding of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, he switched to Ekavian dialect, considered exclusively Serbian. As a supporter of one Serbo-Croatian language this was for him a change from the Western to the Eastern form of the same language. After the political turmoil in the Kingdom in the late 1920s most Croats abandoned Ekavian, but Andrić didn't follow suit. Many of his works have been translated into English, the best known are the following:
- The Bridge on the Drina (Na Drini ćuprija, 1945; trans. 1959)
- The Woman from Sarajevo (Gospođica, 1945; trans. 1965)
- The Vizier's Elephant (Priča o vezirovom slonu, 1948; trans. 1962) Some of his other popular works include:
- The Journey of Alija Đerzelez (Put Alije Đerzeleza, 1920)
- Bosnian Chronicle (Travnička hronika, 1945)
- The Damned Yard (Prokleta avlija, 1954)
- Omer-Pasha Latas (Omerpaša Latas, released posthumously in 1977) Andrić belongs to those writers that are hard to classify: he was both a Serbian and Croatian writer, wrote in Serbian (predominantly) and Croatian (earlier works of poetry and novellas, ca. 30 % of his opus), although in deference to his vision we may say that he intended to write in Serbo-Croatian rather than Serbian; he was a believer in Yugoslav unity and quasi-racial Slavic nationalism before WWI and. His political career, combined with extraliterary factors, contributed to the controversy that still surrounds his work. However, a fair assessment of should not overlook the following facts and evaluations:
- Andrić is at his best in short stories, novellas and essayist meditative prose. Brilliant aphorisms and meditations, collected in his early poetic prose (Nemiri/"Anxieties") and, particularly, posthumously published Znakovi pored puta/"Signs near the travel-road" are great examples of a melancholic consciousness contemplating the universals in human condition - not unlike Andrić's chief influence Kierkegaard. His best short stories and novellas are located in his native Bosnia and Herzegovina and frequently center on collisions between the three main Bosnian nations: Serbs, Croats and Bosniaks. The latter are in his fiction almost exclusively referred to as "Turks". Although social and denominational tensions are the scene for the majority of stories, Andrić's shorter fictions cannot be reduced to a sort of regional chronicle: rooted frequently in rather prosaic and pedestrian Bosnian Franciscan chronicles, they are expressions of a vision of life, because for Andrić, as for other great regionalist authors like Hardy or Hawthorne, the regional irradiates the universal.
- yet, with the collapse of the Yugoslavia other, until then suppressed, doubts about Andrić's work began to pop up. The commonest charge is as follows: Bosniaks, or Bosnian Muslims are portrayed stereotypically in Andrić's work and in a hostile and condescending manner. Some circles of Bosnian Muslim intelligentsia had raised these accusations to ludicrous extremes, turning Andrić into a Greater Serbian propagandist and pamphleteer. Suffice to say - Andrić was primarily a fiction writer and such generalizations are essentially meaningless. But, they do, to a degree, invalidate Andrić's stature as a writer. Shallow stereotypes of Bosnian Muslims who are depicted as borderline psychotic oversensual "Orientals" abound even in his best fiction, which has proven to be detrimental in the re-assessment of his literary stature at the end of the 20th century.
- Another, more amusing post-Yugoslav literary event is Andrić's posthumous placement: since the project of Yugoslav literature collapsed (just like Czechoslovak or Soviet "literatures"), a squabble about "who Andrić belongs to?" only began. Serbian culture and tradition have the strongest claim: The majority of his works were written in the Serbian language and he was, as far as the former Yugoslav area is concerned, influenced decisively by Serbian cultural icons such as Vuk Karadžić and Petar Petrović Njegoš, who both figured in a few Andrić's essays. Croatian curricula at high schools and universities have put Andrić among other writers in Croatian literature departments and programs: the arguments seem to be mostly "genetic" (Andrić was of Croatian origin and in young adulthood declared himself a Croat - for instance, he participated in a book Hrvatska mlada lirika/"Croatian young poetry", 1914); also, great part of his best earlier work was written in the Croatian language (as different from Serbian Ijekavian language writers such as Petar Kočić or Aleksa Šantić) and Andrić didn't alter his early works in later editions; and, the role of "chorus" or moral conscience, i.e. authorial voice in the major part of his work are Bosnian Croat Franciscans. Be as it may, Andrić's work is now in the official curricula of Croat and Serb literature programs, and, grudgingly, in that of Bosnian Muslims. Since aesthetic sensibilities have significantly altered in past decades, a traditionalist storyteller like Andrić is both a politically controversial figure and literarily a somewhat marginal presence: Many Croatian historians of literature have never considered him an equal to Miroslav Krleža, while Serbs affirm aesthetic primacy of Miloš Crnjanski and Bosniaks or Bosnian Muslims of Mehmed Selimović - a Muslim writer who, like the Croat Andrić, "opted" for Serbdom during a major part of his life. Where will this literary-political pendulum finally end, it is too early to predict.

External link


- [http://www.ivoandric.org.yu/ His official website] Andric, Ivo Andric, Ivo Andric, Ivo Andric, Ivo Andric, Ivo Andric, Ivo Andric, Ivo ja:イヴォ・アンドリッチ

October 9

October 9 is the 282nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (283rd in Leap years). There are 83 days remaining.

Events


- 1000 - Leif Ericson discovers Vinland, becoming the first known European to set foot in North America.
- 1238 - James I of Aragon conquered Valencia and founded the Kingdom of Valencia.
- 1446 - The Hangul alphabet is published in Korea.
- 1514 - marriage of Louis XII of France and Mary Tudor
- 1582 - Due to the implementation of the Gregorian calendar this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain.
- 1635 - Founder of Rhode Island Roger Williams is banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony as a religious dissident after he spoke out against punishments for religious offenses and giving away Native American land.
- 1701 - The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
- 1771 - The Dutch merchant ship Vrouw Maria sinks near the coast of Finland.
- 1776 - Father Francisco Palou founds Mission San Francisco de Asis in what is now San Francisco, California.
- 1812 - War of 1812: In a naval engagement on Lake Erie, American forces capture two British ships; the HMS Detroit and the HMS Caledonia.
- 1820 - Guayaquil declared independence from Spain.
- 1831 - Capo d'Istria was assassinated.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Tom's Brook - Union cavalrymen in the Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederate forces at Tom's Brook, Virginia.
- 1871 - The Great Chicago Fire is brought under control.
- 1874 - General Postal Union was created as a result of the Treaty of Berne.
- 1888 - The Washington Monument officially opens to the general public.
- 1914 - World War I: Siege of Antwerp - Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops.
- 1919 - Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series.
- 1936 - Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begin to transmit electricity from the Colorado River 266 miles to Los Angeles, California.
- 1940 - World War II: Battle of Britain - During a nighttime air raid by the German Luftwaffe, St. Paul's Cathedral is pierced by a bomb.
- 1942 - Statute of Westminster Adoption Act formalizes Australian autonomy.
- 1944 - World War II: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin begin a nine-day conference in Moscow to discuss the future of Europe.
- 1957 - Neil H. McElroy was sworn in as the 6th Secretary of Defense of United States.
- 1962 - Uganda becomes a republic.
- 1963 - In northeast Italy, over 2,000 people are killed when a large landslide behind the Vajont Dam causes a giant wave of water to overtop it.
- 1967 - A day after being caught, Che Guevara is executed for attempting to incite a revolution in Bolivia.
- 1969 - In Chicago, Illinois, the United States National Guard is called in for crowd control as demonstrations continue in connection to the trial of the "Chicago Eight" (trial started on September 24).
- 1969 - Students from the University of the Philippines formed the first Upsilonian Congress and established the Upsiloan Alpha Beta Grand Fraternity in Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.
- 1970 - The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia.
- 1986 - United States District Court Judge Harry E. Claiborne becomes the fifth federal official to be removed from office through impeachment.
- 1989 - An official news agency in the Soviet Union reports the landing of a UFO in Voronezh.
- 1989 - In Leipzig, East Germany, 70,000 protesters demand the legalization of opposition groups and democratic reforms.
- 1991 - Ecuador becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1992 - A 13 kilogram (est.) meteorite lands in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu.
- 1995 - An Amtrak Sunset Limited train is derailed by saboteurs near Palo Verde, Arizona.
- 2002 - After losing a massive amount of ground during the summer of 2002, the Dow Jones Industrial Average closes at 7,286.27, its lowest level in five years. The NASDAQ also hit a six-year low of 1,114.11.
- 2004 - Jo Brauner resign as the anchor of German Tagesschau news show after 30 years.
- 2004 - Democratic elections held for the first time in Afghanistan.
- 2004 - The tri-annual federal election is held in Australia and Liberal Party of Australia leader, John Howard, wins a fourth term as Prime Minister in a landslide victory over opponent, Mark Latham of the Australian Labor Party.
- 2005 - China's State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping officially announced the new accurate height of Everest is 8848.43 m.
- 2005 - When Tropical Depression 23 stengthened into the Hurricane Vince it made the 2005 Atlantic Hurricane Season the first season to use the V name.

Births


- 1201 - Robert de Sorbon, French theologian and founder of the Sorbonne (d. 1274)
- 1221 - Salimbene di Adam, Italian chronicler
- 1261 - King Dinis of Portugal (d. 1325)
- 1328 - King Peter I of Cyprus (d. 1369)
- 1581 - Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician (d. 1638)
- 1585 - Heinrich Schütz, German composer (d. 1672)
- 1586 - Archduke Leopold V of Austria (d. 1632)
- 1757 - King Charles X of France (d. 1836)
- 1796 - Joseph Bonomi the Younger, English Egyptologist (d. 1878)
- 1835 - Camille Saint-Saëns, French composer (d. 1921)
- 1840 - Simeon Solomon, British artist (d. 1905)
- 1852 - Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)
- 1859 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (d. 1935)
- 1873 - Karl Schwarzschild, German physicist and astronomer (d. 1916)
- 1873 - Charles Walgreen, American entrepreneur (d. 1939)
- 1873 - Carl Flesch, Hungarian violinist (d. 1944)
- 1874 - Nicholas Roerich, Russian painter (d. 1947)
- 1879 - Max von Laue, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
- 1886 - Rube Marquard, baseball player (d. 1980)
- 1888 - Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, Russian politician (d. 1938)
- 1890 - Aimee Semple McPherson, American evangelist (d. 1944)
- 1892 - Ivo Andrić, Serbo-Croatian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
- 1892 - Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (d. 1941)
- 1893 - Mário de Andrade, Brazilian writer and photographer (d. 1945)
- 1900 - Alastair Sim, Scottish actor (d. 1976)
- 1907 - Quintin Hogg, British politician (d. 2001)
- 1908 - Jacques Tati, French filmmaker (d. 1982)
- 1909 - Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 2000)
- 1911 - Joe Rosenthal, American photographer
- 1915 - Clifford M. Hardin, United States Secretary of Agriculture
- 1920 - Jens Bjørneboe, Norwegian author (d. 1976)
- 1923 - Fyvush Finkel, American actor
- 1928 - Einojuhani Rautavaara, Finnish composer
- 1933 - Peter Mansfield, British physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1936 - Brian Blessed, English actor
- 1938 - Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician
- 1940 - John Lennon, British musician and songwriter (The Beatles) (d. 1980)
- 1941 - Trent Lott, American politician
- 1944 - John Entwistle, British musician (The Who) (d. 2002)
- 1944 - Nona Hendryx, American singer (LaBelle)
- 1944 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician (d. 1987)
- 1946 - Tansu Çiller, Prime Minister of Turkey
- 1948 - Jackson Browne, American musician
- 1950 - Jody Williams, American teacher and aid worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1952 - Sharon Osbourne, English music manager and wife of Ozzy Osbourne
- 1953 - Tony Shalhoub, American actor
- 1954 - Scott Bakula, American actor
- 1958 - Michael Pare, American actor
- 1962 - Jorge Burruchaga, Argentinian footballer
- 1966 - David Cameron, Britsh politician
- 1967 - Eddie Guerrero, Mexican Professional Wrestler (d. 2005)
- 1969 - P.J. Harvey, English musician
- 1970 - Kenny Anderson, American basketball player
- 1970 - Savannah, American actress (d. 1994)
- 1970 - Annika Sörenstam, Swedish golfer
- 1971 - Simon Atlee, British photographer (d. 2004)
- 1971 - Michael Manna, American professional wrestler
- 1973 - Steven Burns, actor and musician
- 1975 - Sean Lennon, English musician
- 1978 - Nicky Byrne, Irish musician (Westlife)
- 1978 - Juan Dixon, American basketball player
- 1979 - Gonzalo Sorondo, Uruguayan footballer
- 1981 - Darius Miles, American basketball player
- 1986 - Laure Manaudou, French swimmer
- 1990 - Thomas Murphy, Australian actor

Deaths


- 1047 - Pope Clement II (b. 1005)
- 1253 - Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and bishop
- 1390 - King John I of Castile (b. 1358)
- 1555 - Justus Jonas, German protestant reformer (b. 1493)
- 1562 - Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist (b. 1523)
- 1569 - Vladimir of Staritsa, Russian prince (b. 1533)
- 1597 - Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shogun (b. 1537)
- 1691 - William Sacheverell, English statesman (b. 1638)
- 1709 - Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
- 1729 - Richard Blackmore, English physician and writer (b. 1654)
- 1793 - Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French missionary (b. 1718)
- 1797 - Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1720)
- 1806 - Benjamin Banneker, American astronomer (b. 1731)
- 1831 - John Capodistria, Governor of Greece (b. 1776)
- 1924 - Valery Bryusov, Russian writer and critic (b. 1873)
- 1934 - King Alexander I of Yugoslavia (assassinated) (b. 1888)
- 1934 - Louis Barthou, Prime Minister of France (assassinated) (b. 1862)
- 1941 - Helen Morgan, American singer and actress (b. 1900)
- 1943 - Pieter Zeeman, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
- 1955 - Theodor Cardinal Innitzer, Austrian Catholic archbishop (b. 1875)
- 1956 - Marie Doro, American actress (b. 1882)
- 1958 - Pope Pius XII (b. 1876)
- 1962 - Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer and chess player (b. 1885)
- 1967 - Che Guevara, Argentine revolutionary and guerilla leader (executed) (b. 1928)
- 1967 - Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897)
- 1972 - Miriam Hopkins, American actress (b. 1902)
- 1974 - Oskar Schindler, German businessman (b. 1908)
- 1978 - Jacques Brel, Belgian musician (b. 1929)
- 1987 - Guru Gopinath, Indian classical dancer (b. 1908)
- 1987 - Clare Boothe Luce, American diplomat (b. 1903)
- 1987 - William Parry Murphy, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1892)
- 1989 - Penny Lernoux, American journalist and author (b. 1940)
- 1995 - Alec Douglas-Home, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1903)
- 1996 - Walter Kerr, American theater critic (b. 1913)
- 2000 - David Dukes, American actor (b. 1945)
- 2001 - Dagmar, American television personality (b. 1921)
- 2005 - Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (b. 1913)
- 1989-Jonathan Cedermaz, born in Oakland from Marcelo and Heather Cedermaz futer emporer of the moon

Holidays


- RC Saints - Saint Denis, Saint John Leonardi
- Also see October 9 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- South Korea - Hangul Day: celebrating the invention of Hangul, the native Korean phonetic alphabet.
- Uganda - Independence Day (from Britain, 1962)
- Leif Erikson Day - in United States, Iceland and Norway: celebrating the first European landing in North America
- Ecuador - Guayaquil's Independence Day (from Spain 1820) (Dia de la independencia de Guayaquil)

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/9 BBC: On This Day] ---- October 8 - October 10 - September 9 - November 9 - more historical anniversaries The national holiday of Tom's birthday. ko:10월 9일 ms:9 Oktober ja:10月9日 simple:October 9 th:9 ตุลาคม

1892

1892 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar).

Events

January-June


- January 1 - Ellis Island begins accepting immigrants to the United States.
- January 14 - Death of Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, second in line heir to the throne of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Next in line is his younger brother Prince George of Wales.
- January 15 - James Naismith publishes the rules for basketball.
- January 20 - At the YMCA in Springfield, Massachusetts, the first official basketball game is played.
- February 12 - Former President Abraham Lincoln's birthday is declared a national holiday in the United States.
- March 1 - Theodoros Deligiannis ends his term as Prime Minister of Greece and Konstantinos Konstantopoulos takes office
- March 13 - Ernest Louis, a grandson of Queen Victoria becomes Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine on the death of his father, Grand Duke Louis IV.
- March 15 - Liverpool Football Club founded by John Houlding, the owner of Anfield. Houlding decided to form his own team after Everton left Anfield in an argument over rent.
- March 31 - The world's first fingerprinting bureau formally opened by the Buenos Aires Chief of Police; it had been operating unofficially since the previous year.
- April - Johnson County War in Wyoming
- April 15 - The General Electric Company is established through the merger of the Thomson-Houston Company and the Edison General Electric Company.
- May 7 - The Cook Islands issue their first postage stamps.
- May 19 - British troops defeat Ijebu infantry at the battle of Yemoja river, in modern-day Nigeria, using a maxim gun
- May 22 - British conquest of Ijebu-Ode marks major extension of colonial power into Nigerian interior.
- May 24 - Prince George of Wales becomes Duke of York.
- May 28 - In San Francisco, California, John Muir organizes the Sierra Club.
- June 11 - The Limelight Department, one of the world's first film studios, is officially established in Melbourne, Australia.

July-December


- July 4-18 British general election: Unionist government loses its majority.
- July 6 - Dr. Jose Rizal, a Filipino writer, Philosopher, and political activist arrested by Spainish authorities in connection with La Liga Filipina.
- July 6 - Homestead Strike - the arrival of a force of 300 hundred Pinkerton detectives from New York and Chicago resulted in a fight in which about 10 men were killed
- July 12 - A hidden lake bursts out of a glacier on the side of Mont Blanc, flooding the valley below and killing around 200 villagers and holidaymakers in [http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Gervais-les-Bains Saint Gervais]
- August 4 - The family of Lizzie Borden is found murdered in their Fall River, Massachusetts home.
- August 9 - Thomas Edison receives a patent for a two-way telegraph.
- August 18 - William Ewart Gladstone assumes British premiership at head of Liberal government with Irish Nationalist Party support.
- September 15 - Sergei Witte replaces Ivan Vishnegradksy as Russian finance minister.
- October 5 - Master criminal Adam Worth is captured in Liege, Belgium during an attempted robbery of a money delivery cart.
- October 12 - To mark 400 anniversary Columbus Day holiday, the "Pledge of Allegiance" was first recited in unison by students in US public schools.
- October 31 - Arthur Conan Doyle publishes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.
- November 8 - U.S. presidential election, 1892: Grover Cleveland is elected over Benjamin Harrison and James B. Weaver to win the second of his non-consecutive terms.
- November 8 - Anarchist bomb kills six in police station in Avenue de l'Opera, Paris
- November 17 - French troops occupy Abomey, capital of kingdom of Dahomey.
- December 5 - John Thompson becomes Canada's fourth prime minister.

Unknown dates


- Last open land rush is held in Oklahoma.
- The Stanley Cup is donated by Sir Frederick Arthur.
- Pennsauken is incorporated.
- Rudolf Diesel patents the diesel engine.
- Oil fire rages in Oil City, Pennsylvania: 130 dead.
- Cholera in Hamburg, Germany
- Tortoise called Timothy is brought to the estate of Powderham Castle in England (allegedly alive as of 2001 - at least 148 years old).
- Abu Dhabi becomes a British protectorate.
- The Cadet Band (current day Highty-Tighties) of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanicla College (current day Virginia Tech) is established in the Virginia Tech Corps of Cadets
- Abercrombie and Fitch, a now popular clothing brand, is established as an outdoor and sporting supply store.

Births

January-March


- January 1 - Artur Rodzinski, Croatian conductor (d. 1958)
- January 3 - J. R. R. Tolkien, South African-born author (d. 1973)
- January 14 - Hal Roach, American film and television producer (d. 1992)
- January 18 - Oliver Hardy, American comedian and actor (d. 1957)
- January 18 - Paul Rostock, German surgeon (d. 1956)
- January 28 - Ernst Lubitsch, German-born film director (d. 1947)
- January 31 - Eddie Cantor, American actor, singer (d. 1964)
- February 6 - William Parry Murphy, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1987)
- February 13 - Grant Wood, American painter (d. 1942)
- February 15 - James Forrestal, first United States Secretary of Defense (d. 1949)
- February 18 - Wendell Wilkie, U.S. Presidential candidate (d. 1944)
- February 22 - Edna St. Vincent Millay, American writer (d. 1950)
- February 27 - William Demarest, American actor (d. 1983)
- March 10 - Arthur Honegger, French-born Swiss composer (d. 1955)
- March 10 - Gregory La Cava, American director, producer, and writer (d. 1952)
- March 28 - Corneille Heymans, Belgian physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968)
- March 30 - Stefan Banach, Polish mathematician (d. 1945)

April-September


- April 6 - Donald Wills Douglas, American industrialist (d. 1981)
- April 6 - Lowell Thomas, American journalist (d. 1981)
- April 8 - Mary Pickford, American actress and studio founder (d. 1979)
- April 12 - Johnny Dodds, American jazz clarinettist (d. 1940)
- April 19 - Germaine Tailleferre, French composer (d. 1983)
- May 2 - Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron), German figher pilot (d. 1918)
- May 3 - George Paget Thomson, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
- May 7 - Archibald MacLeish, American poet (d. 1982)
- May 7 - Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia (d. 1980)
- May 9 - Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria-Hungary (d. 1989)
- May 11 - Margaret Rutherford, English actress (d. 1972)
- May 12 - Fritz Kortner, Austrian-born director (d. 1970)
- May 18 - Ezio Pinza, Italian bass (d. 1957)
- May 31 - Michel Kikoine, Belarusian painter (d. 1968)
- June 21 - Reinhold Niebuhr, American theologist (d. 1971)
- June 26 - Pearl S. Buck, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
- July 8 - Richard Aldington, English poet (d. 1962)
- July 12 - Bruno Schulz, Polish writer and painter (d. 1942)
- July 23 - Haile Selassie I, Ethiopian emperor (d. 1975)
- July 26 - Sad Sam Jones, baseball player (d. 1966)
- August 2 - Jack Warner, Canadian film producer (d. 1978)
- August 8 - Rafael Moreno Aranzadi, Spanish footballer (d. 1922)
- August 15 - Louis, 7th duc de Broglie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
- September 4 - Darius Milhaud, French composer (d. 1974)
- September 5 - Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (d. 1973)
- September 6 - Edward Victor Appleton, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
- September 10 - Arthur Compton, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
- September 12 - Alfred A. Knopf, American publisher (d. 1984)

October-December


- October 9 - Ivo Andrić, Serbo-Croatian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d.1975)
- October 9 - Marina Tsvetaeva, Russian poet (d. 1941)
- October 23 - Gummo Marx, American actor and comedian (d. 1977)
- October 28 - Dink Johnson, American jazz musician (d. 1954)
- October 31 - Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess champion (d. 1946)
- November 5 - J. B. S. Haldane, British geneticist (d. 1964)
- November 12 - Guo Moruo, Chinese author,poet (d. 1978)
- December 2 - Leo Ornstein, Russian-born composer and pianist (d. 2002)
- December 4 - Francisco Franco, Spanish dictator (d. 1975)
- December 6 - Osbert Sitwell, English writer (d. 1969)
- December 8 - Bert Hinkler, Australian pioneer aviator (d. 1933)
- December 12 - Herman Potočnik Noordung, Slovenian rocket engineer (d. 1929)

Deaths


- January 14 - Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, second in line for the throne of the United Kingdom (b. 1864)
- January 21 - John Couch Adams, English astronomer (b. 1819)
- January 31 - Charles Spurgeon, English preacher (b. 1834)
- March 13 - Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
- March 26 - Walt Whitman, American poet (b. 1819)
- April 22 - Edouard Lalo, French composer (b. 1823)
- April 25 - William Backhouse Astor, Jr., American businessman (b. 1830)
- April 26 - Sir Provo William Perry Wallis, British admiral and naval hero
- May 29 - Bahá'u'lláh, Persian founder of the Bahá'í Faith (b. 1817)
- June 9 - William Stairs, Canadian explorer (b. 1863)
- October 12 - Ernest Renan, French philologist and historian (b. 1823)
- October 23 - Emin Pasha, German doctor and Governor of Equatoria (b. 1840)
- December 2 - Jay Gould, American financier (b. 1836)
- December 6 - Werner von Siemens, German inventor and industrialist (b. 1816)

Marriages


- January 10 - John C. Porter & Mattie Lee
- January 19 - Andreas du Plessis de Richelieu & Dagmar Therese Louise Lerche
- April 27 - Elinor Glyn & Clayton Glyn
- May 2 - Gustaf Mannerheim & Anastasia Mannerheim
- June 10 - Jean Sibelius & Aino Sibelius
- July 16 - Claude Monet & Alice Hoschedé
- September 8 - Minna Gale & Archibald Cushman Haynes
- November 6 - Joseph Stringer & Lucy Ann MacKinnon
- November 8 - Cy Young & Robba Miller
- December 2 - Grace Lutz & Rev. T. G. F. Hill Category:1892 ko:1892년 ms:1892 simple:1892 th:พ.ศ. 2435

March 13

March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). There are 293 days remaining.

Events


- 483 - St. Felix becomes Pope.
- 874 - The bones of Saint Nicephorus are interred in the Church of the Apostles, Constantinople.
- 1138 - Cardinal Gregory is elected anti-pope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II.
- 1639 - Harvard College was named for clergyman John Harvard.
- 1781 - William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus.
- 1862 - American Civil War:the US federal government forbids all Union army officers from returning fugitive slaves, thus effectively annulling the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 and setting the stage for the Emancipation Proclamation.
- 1865 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America reluctantly agrees to the use of African American troops.
- 1881 - Alexander II of Russia is killed near his palace when a bomb is thrown at him. (Gregorian date: it was 1 March in the Julian calendar then in use in Russia.)
- 1884 - The siege of Khartoum, Sudan begins (ends on January 26, 1885).
- 1897 - San Diego State University founded.
- 1900 - Boer Wars: British forces occupy Bloemfontein, Orange Free State.
- 1900 - In France, length of a workday for women and children is limited to 11 hours by law
- 1921 - Mongolia, under Black Baron, declares its independence from China.
- 1925 - Scopes Trial: A law in Tennessee prohibits the teaching of evolution.
- 1933 - Great Depression: Banks in the United States begin to re-open after the Presidentially mandated "bank holiday".
- 1940 - Winter War ended.
- 1943 - World War II: In Bougainville, Japanese troops end their assault on American forces at Hill 700.
- 1943 - Holocaust: German forces liquidate the Jewish ghetto in Kraków.
- 1954 - Battle of Dien Bien Phu: Viet Minh forces attack the French.
- 1957 - The FBI arrests Jimmy Hoffa and charges him with bribery.
- 1964 - A young woman, Kitty Genovese is murdered in front of multiple witnesses who all fail to help her, in an incident which shocks the world and prompts investigation into the Bystander effect.
- 1969 - Apollo program: Apollo 9 returns safely to Earth after testing the Lunar Module.
- 1971 - In New York City, Rock group The Allman Brothers Band record a concert that will be released as their classic live album At Fillmore East
- 1979 - The New Jewel Movement, headed by Maurice Bishop, ousts Prime Minister Eric Gairy in a nearly bloodless coup d'etat in Grenada.
- 1988 - I. King Jordan becomes the first Deaf president of Gallaudet University after the Deaf President Now demonstrations.
- 1991 - The United States Justice Department announces that Exxon has agreed to pay $1 billion for the clean-up of the Exxon Valdez oil spill in Alaska.
- 1992 - In eastern Turkey, an earthquake registering 6.8 on the Richter scale kills over 500.
- 1993 - The Great Blizzard of 1993 strikes the eastern U.S., bringing record snowfall and other severe weather all the way from Cuba to Québec.
- 1996 - The Dunblane Massacre: in Dunblane, Scotland, 16 children and 1 adult teacher are shot dead by a spree killer who then commits suicide.
- 1997 - India's Missionaries of Charity chooses Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as its leader.
- 1997 - In Phoenix, Arizona, Arizona, the Phoenix Lights, one of the most widely witnessed UFO sightings, take place.
- 2003 - Human evolution: The journal Nature reports that 350,000-year-old upright-walking human footprints have been found in Italy.

Births


- 2 - Apollonius of Tyana
- 1372 - Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans, brother of Charles VI of France (d. 1407)
- 1615 - Pope Innocent XII (d. 1700)
- 1683 - John Theophilus Desaguliers, French-British philosopher (d. 1744)
- 1700 - Michel Blavet, French flutist (d. 1768)
- 1719 - John Griffin Whitwell, 4th Baron Howard de Walden, British field marshal (d. 1797)
- 1720 - Charles Bonnet, Swiss naturlaist and writer (d. 1793)
- 1733 - Joseph Priestley, English scientist and minister (d. 1804)
- 1741 - Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1790)
- 1763 - Guillaume Marie Anne Brune, French marshal (d. 1815)
- 1764 - Earl Grey, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1845)
- 1781 - Karl Friedrich Schinkel, German architect (d. 1841)
- 1784 - Jean Moufot, French philosopher and mathematician (d. 1842)
- 1798 - Abigail Fillmore, First Lady of the United States (d. 1853)
- 1815 - James Curtis Hepburn, American missionary and linguist (d. 1911)
- 1855 - Percival Lowell, American astronomer (d. 1916)
- 1860 - Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer (d. 1903)
- 1864 - Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian painter (d. 1941)
- 1884 - Sir Hugh Walpole, English novelist (d. 1941)
- 1899 - John Hasbrouck van Vleck, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1980)
- 1900 - Béla Guttman, Hungarian footballer (d. 1981)
- 1900 - George Seferis, Turkish-born poet, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
- 1908 - Walter Annenberg, American publisher and philanthropist (d. 2002)
- 1910 - Karl Gustav Ahlefeldt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
- 1910 - Sammy Kaye, American musician (d. 1987)
- 1911 - L. Ron Hubbard, American author (d. 1986)
- 1913 - William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
- 1913 - Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer
- 1914 - Edward O'Hare, American pilot (d. 1943)
- 1921 - Al Jaffee, American cartoonist
- 1926 - Raúl Alfonsín, President of Argentina
- 1926 - Carlos Roberto Reina, President of Honduras (d. 2003)
- 1927 - Robert Denning, Interior designer (d. 2005)
- 1929 - Peter Breck, American actor
- 1934 - Barry Hughart, American author
- 1935 - Michael Walzer, American philosopher
- 1935 - Leslie Parrish, American actress
- 1938 - Erma Franklin, American singer (d. 2002)
- 1939 - Neil Sedaka, American singer and songwriter
- 1942 - Dave Cutler, American software engineer
- 1942 - Scatman John, American singer (d. 1999)
- 1945 - Michael Martin Murphey, American musician
- 1946 - Jonathan Netanyahu, Israeli soldier (d. 1976)
- 1947 - Beat Richner, Swiss physician and cellist
- 1949 - Julia Migenes, American soprano
- 1950 - William H. Macy, American actor
- 1951 - Fred Berry, American actor and dancer (d. 2003)
- 1952 - Wolfgang Rihm, German composer
- 1954 - The Baroness Amos, British politician
- 1956 - Dana Delany, American actress
- 1960 - Adam Clayton, Irish bassist (U2)
- 1967 - Andrés Escobar, Colombian footballer (d. 1994)
- 1971 - Annabeth Gish, American actress
- 1971 - Robert Lanham, American author and satirist
- 1973 - Edgar Davids, Dutch football player
- 1973 - David Draiman, American musician and songwriter
- 1974 - Cillian Murphy, Irish actor
- 1974 - Tatiana Cibele Mendonca Pereira, Brazilian educator and author
- 1976 - Danny Masterson, American actor
- 1979 - Johan Santana, Venezuelan Major League Baseball player
- 1985 - Emile Hirsch, American actor
- 1986 - Natalie and Nicole Albino, American musicians (Nina Sky)

Deaths


- 1271 - Henry of Almain, English crusader (b. 1235)
- 1395 - John Barbour, Scottish poet
- 1516 - King Ladislaus II of Bohemia and Hungary (b. 1456)
- 1569 - Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, French Huguenot general (b. 1530)
- 1573 - Michel de l'Hôpital, French statesman
- 1604 - Arnaud d'Ossat, French diplomat and writer (b. 1537)
- 1619 - Richard Burbage, English actor (b. 1567)
- 1711 - Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (b. 1636)
- 1778 - Charles le Beau, French historian (b. 1701)
- 1808 - King Christian VII of Denmark (b. 1749)
- 1918 - César Cui, Lithuanian composer (b. 1835)
- 1842 - Henry Shrapnel, soldier and inventor (b. 1761)
- 1879 - Adolf Anderssen, German chess player (b. 1818)
- 1881 - Tsar Alexander II of Russia (b. 1818)
- 1884 - Leland Stanford, Jr., American railroad magnate (b. 1868)
- 1901 - Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President of the United States (b. 1833)
- 1906 - Susan B. Anthony, American women's suffrage activist (b. 1820)
- 1918 - César Cui, Russian composer (b. 1835)
- 1938 - Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, Russian politician and intellectual (b. 1888)
- 1938 - Clarence Darrow, American attorney (b. 1857)
- 1943 - Stephen Vincent Benét, American author (b. 1898)
- 1955 - King Tribhuvan of Nepal (b. 1906)
- 1965 - Corrado Gini, Italian statistician (b. 1884)
- 1965 - Fan S. Noli, Albanian bishop, poet, and politician (b. 1882)
- 1972 - Tony Ray-Jones, British photographer (b. 1941)
- 1975 - Ivo Andrić, Serbo-Croatian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
- 1990 - Bruno Bettelheim, American psychiatrist (b. 1903)
- 1991 - Karl Münchinger, German conductor (b. 1915)
- 1995 - Leon Day, baseball player (b. 1916)
- 1996 - Krzysztof Kieślowski, Polish film director (b. 1941)
- 1998 - Bill Reid, Canadian artist (b. 1920)
- 1998 - Hans von Ohain, German engineer (b. 1911)
- 1999 - Garson Kanin, American writer and director (b. 1912)
- 2002 - Hans-Georg Gadamer, German philosopher (b. 1900)
- 2004 - Franz König, Austrian Catholic Archbishop of Vienna (b. 1905)

Holidays and observances


- Roman Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church - Feast day of Saint Nicephorus

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/13 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.tnl.net/when/3/13 Today in History: March 13] ---- March 12 - March 14 - February 13 - April 13 -- listing of all days ko:3월 13일 ms:13 Mac ja:3月13日 simple:March 13 th:13 มีนาคม

1975

1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1975 calendar).

Events

January


- January 1 - Watergate scandal: John N. Mitchell, H. R. Haldeman, John D. Ehrlichman are found guilty of the Watergate cover-up
- January 2 - The Federal Rules of Evidence are approved by Congress
- January 5 - The Tasman Bridge in Tasmania, Australia, is struck by the bulk ore carrier Lake Illawarra, killing twelve people.
- January 7 - OPEC agrees to raise crude oil prices by 10%.
- January 8 - Ella Grasso becomes Governor of Connecticut, becoming the first woman to serve as a Governor in the United States who did not succeed her husband
- January 10 - Japanese soldier Teruo Nakamura surrenders on the Indonesian Island of Morota
- January 14 - 17 year old heiress Lesley Whittle is kidnapped from her home in Shropshire, England by the Black Panther.
- January 20 - Michael Ovitz founds Creative Artists Agency
- January 29 - Weather Underground bombs US State Department main office in Washington D.C.
- January - Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer

February


- February 4 - The first successfully predicted earthquake occurred in Haicheng, Liaoning, China.
- February 9 - The Soyuz 17 Soviet spacecraft returns to Earth.
- February 11 - Margaret Thatcher defeats Edward Heath for the leadership of the UK Conservative Party in the United Kingdom.
- February 21 - Watergate scandal: Former United States Attorney General John N. Mitchell and former White House aides H. R. Haldeman and John Ehrlichman are sentenced to between 30 months and 8 years in prison
- February 23 - In response to the energy crisis, daylight saving time commences nearly two months early in the United States.
- February 26 - a fleeing IRA terrorist shoots dead off-duty London police officer Stephen Tibble, 22, as he gives chase
- February 27 - Movement 2 June kidnaps West German politician Peter Lorenz. He is released on March 4 after most of the kidnappers' demands are met
- February 28 - A major tube train crash at Moorgate station, London kills 43 people.
- February 28 - In Lomé, the capital of Togo, the European Economic Community and 46 African, Caribbean and Pacific countries sign a financial and economic treaty, known as the first Lomé Convention.

March


- March 1 - Color television transmissions begin in Australia
- March 4 - Charlie Chaplin is knighted by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom
- March 6 - Algiers Accord - Iran and Iraq announce a settlement over their border dispute.
- March 6 - A bomb explodes in the Paris offices of the Springer Press. The "6 March Group" (connected to the Red Army Faction) demands amnesty for the "Baader-Meinhof Group"
- March 7 - The body of teenage heiress Lesley Whittle, kidnapped seven weeks earlier by the Black Panther is discovered in Staffordshire, England
- March 8 - United Nations begin sponsoring the International Women's Day.
- March 9 - Construction of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System begins
- March 10 - Vietnam War: North Vietnamese troops attack Ban Me Thout, South Vietnam, on their way to capturing Saigon.
- March 15 - In Brazil, the Estado da Guanabara (State of Guanabara) merges with the state of Rio de Janeiro, under the name of Rio de Janeiro. The state's capital moves from the city of Niterói to the city of Rio de Janeiro.
- March 25 - King Faisal of Saudi Arabia is shot and killed by a nephew with a history of mental illness - the killer is beheaded on June 18.
- March 28 - A fire in the maternity wing at Kucic Hospital in Rijeka, Yugoslavia, kills 25 babies

April-May


- April 3 - Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title.
- April 4 - Vietnam War: The first military Operation Babylift flight, C5A 80218, crashes 27 minutes after takeoff killing 138 on board; 176 survive the crash.
- April 13 - An attack by Phalangists on a Palestinian bus in Ain El Remmeneh, Lebanon sparks over 15 years of civil war.
- April 17 - Pol Pot proclaims the "Democratic Republic of Kampuchea" in Cambodia and becomes its Prime Minister (1975–1979).
- April 24 - Six Red Army Faction terrorists take over West German embassy in Stockholm, take 11 hostages and demand the release of the group's jailed members. Shortly after they are captured by Swedish police.
- April 25 - Vietnam War: As North Vietnamese forces close in on the South Vietnamese capital Saigon, the Australian Embassy is closed and evacuated, almost ten years to the day since the first Australian troop commitment to South Vietnam.
- April 30 - Vietnam War: The Vietnam War ends as Communist forces take Saigon and South Vietnam surrenders unconditionally.
- May 5 - The Busch Gardens Williamsburg theme park opens in Virginia.
- May 12 - Mayaguez incident: Khmer Rouge forces in Cambodia seize the American merchant ship SS Mayaguez in international waters.
- May 15 - Mayaguez incident: The American merchant ship Mayaguez, seized by Cambodian forces, is rescued by U.S. Navy and Marines. 38 Americans are killed.
- May 16 - India annexes Sikkim.
- May 16 - Junko Tabei becomes the first woman to reach the summit of Mount Everest.
- May 28 - 15 West African countries sign the Treaty of Lagos, creating the