Home About us Products Services Contact us Bookmark
:: wikimiki.org ::
Jack McKinney

Jack McKinney

There are several people named Jack McKinney:
- "Jack McKinney", a pseudonym used by the writing team of James Luceno and Brian Daley.
- Jack McKinney (basketball), a former pro basketball coach.

Jack McKinney (writer)

Jack McKinney was a pseudonym used by American authors James Luceno and Brian Daley before the latter's death. As well as adapting Robotech into novel form, they were responsible for the Sentinels series which continued to expand the Robotech Universe. They also wrote the Black Hole Travel Agency series.

Published works


- Robotech
- Kaduna Memories (1990)
- Black Hole Travel Agency
- # Event Horizon (1991)
- # Artifact of the System (1991)
- # Free Radicals (1992)
- # Hostile Takeover (1994)
- Sentinels
- # The Devil's Hand (1988)
- # Dark Powers (1988)
- # Death Dance (1988)
- # World Killers (1988)
- # Rubicon (1988)
- End of the Circle (1990) (While not technically published as a Sentinels novel, this book wraps up all of the plotlines begun in Robotech and continued in Sentinels. It is also the final Robotech novel co-written by both before Brian Daley's death.)

Written by James Luceno as Jack McKinney


- The Zentraedi Rebellion (1994)
- The Master's Gambit (1995)
- Before the Invid Storm (1996)

External links


- [http://www.scifan.com/writers/mm/McKinneyJack.asp Bibliography] at SciFan McKinney, Jack Category:Robotech

James Luceno

James Luceno is the New York Times bestselling author of three Star Wars: The New Jedi Order novels, Agents of Chaos: Hero's Trial, Agents of Chaos: Jedi Eclipse and The Unifying Force. He also wrote the eBook Darth Maul: Saboteur. He is also the author of the new Web Warrior series and coauthor of the popular ROBOTECH series with his close friend, the late Brian Daley: the pair wrote under the pseudonym Jack McKinney. Luceno wrote the film adaptations for The Shadow and The Mask of Zorro. He lives in Annapolis, Maryland with his wife and children. His latest novels within the Star Wars universe include Labyrinth of Evil and Dark Lord: The Rise of Darth Vader. In an interview with Star Wars Insider magazine, Luceno said that he would like to write a future novel dealing with the search for immortality that both Qui-Gon Jinn and Darth Plagueis embarked upon in their own separate ways.

External links


- [http://scifan.com/writers/ll/LucenoJames.asp Bibliography] at SciFan
- [http://boards.theforce.net/Authors_&_Artists/b10347/5816906/?154 James Luceno discussion at theforce.net Message Boards] Luceno, James

Basketball

Basketball is a ball sport in which, under organized rules, two teams of five players each try to score points by throwing a ball through a hoop. It is primarily an indoor sport, played in a relatively small playing area, called the court. The speed and grace of the game, combined with the close proximity of the spectators to the action, make basketball an exciting spectator sport. Since its invention in 1891, it has developed and become a truly international sport.

History

Early basketball

Basketball is unique in that it was invented by one man, rather than evolving from a different sport. In 1891, Dr. James Naismith, a Canadian-born American minister on the faculty of a college for YMCA professionals (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, sought a vigorous indoor game to keep young men occupied during the long New England winters. Legend has it that, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules, and nailed a peach basket onto the gym wall. The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium on January 20 1892. Then, there were nine players on the court in a court just half the size of an NBA court. "Basket ball", the name suggested by one of his students, was popular from the beginning, and with its early adherents being dispatched to YMCAs throughout the United States, the game was soon played all over the country. Interestingly, while the YMCA was responsible for initially developing and spreading the game, within a decade, it discouraged the new sport, as rough play and rowdy crowds began to detract from the YMCA's primary mission. Other amateur sports clubs, colleges, and professional clubs quickly filled the void. In the years before World War I, the Amateur Athletic Union and the Intercollegiate Athletic Association (forerunner of the NCAA) vied for control over the rules of the game. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. The first balls made specially for basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that Tony Hinkle, searching for a ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball that is now in common use.

College basketball and early leagues

Naismith himself was instrumental in establishing the college game, coaching at University of Kansas for six years before handing the reins to renowned coach Phog Allen. Naismith disciple Amos Alonzo Stagg brought basketball to the University of Chicago, while Adolph Rupp, a student of Naismith at Kansas, enjoyed great success as coach at the University of Kentucky. College leagues date back to the 1920s, and the first national championship tournament, the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in New York, followed in 1938. College basketball was rocked by gambling scandals from 1948-1951, when dozens of players from top teams were implicated in game fixing and point-shaving. Partially spurred by the association of the NIT with many of the cheaters, the NCAA national tournament surpassed the NIT in importance. Today, the NCAA tournament is rivaled only by the baseball World Series and the Super Bowl of American football in the American sports psyche. In the 1920s, there were hundreds of professional basketball teams in towns and cities all over the United States. There was little organization to the professional game, as players jumped from team to team, and teams played in armories and smoky dance halls. Leagues came and went, and barnstorming squads such as the New York Rens and the Original Celtics played up to two hundred games a year on their national tours.

US high school basketball

Before widespread school district consolidation, most US high schools were far smaller than their present day counterparts and during the first decades of the 20th century basketball quickly became the ideal interscholastic sport due to its modest equipment and personnel requirements. In the days before widespread television coverage of professional and college sports, the popularity of high school basketball was unrivaled in many parts of America. Today, virtually every high school in the United States fields a basketball team in varsity competition, and its popularity remains high, both in rural areas where they carry the identification of the entire community, as well as at some larger schools known for their basketball teams where many players go on to participate at higher levels of competition after graduation. In the 2003-04 season, 1,002,797 boys and girls represented their schools in interscholastic basketball competition, according to the National Federation of State High School Associations. The states of Indiana and Kentucky are particularly well known for their residents' devotion to high school basketball; the critically acclaimed film Hoosiers shows high school basketball's depth of meaning to these rural communities.

National Basketball Association

Hoosiers In 1946, the National Basketball Association (NBA) was formed, organizing the top professional teams and leading to greater popularity of the professional game. An upstart organization, the American Basketball Association, emerged in 1967 and briefly threatened the NBA's dominance until the rival leagues merged in 1976. The NBA has featured many famous players, including George Mikan, the first dominating "big man"; ball-handling wizard Bob Cousy and defensive genius Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics; Wilt Chamberlain (who originally played for the barnstorming "Harlem Globetrotters"); all-around stars Oscar Robertson and Jerry West; more recent big men Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Bill Walton, playmaker John Stockton; and the three players who many credit with ushering the professional game to its highest level of popularity: Larry Bird, Magic Johnson, and Michael Jordan. The NBA-backed Women's National Basketball Association began play in 1997. As in the NBA, several marquee players (Sheryl Swoopes, Lisa Leslie, and Sue Bird among others) have helped the league improve its popularity and level of competition. Other professional women's basketball leagues in the United States have folded in part because of the success of the WNBA.

International basketball

Sue BirdThe International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight founding nations: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland. At this time, the organisation only oversaw amateur players. Its acronym, in French, was thus FIBA; the "A" standing for amateur. Basketball was first included in the Olympic Games in 1936, although a demonstration tournament was held back in 1904. This competition has usually been dominated by the United States, whose team has won all but three titles, the first loss in a controversial final game in Munich in 1972 against the Soviet Union. In 1950 the first World Championships for men were held in Argentina. Three years later, the first World Championships for women were held in Chile. Women's basketball was added to the Olympics in 1976, with teams such as Brazil and Australia rivaling the American squads. FIBA dropped the distinction between amateur and professional players in 1989, and in 1992, professional players played for the first time in the Olympic Games. The United States' dominance briefly resurfaced with the introduction of their Dream Team. However, with developing programs elsewhere, other national teams have now caught up with the United States. A team made entirely of NBA players finished sixth in the 2002 World Championships in Indianapolis, behind Serbia and Montenegro, Argentina, Germany, New Zealand and Spain. In the 2004 Olympics, the United States suffered its first Olympic loss while using professional players, falling to the Puerto Rican national basketball team and eventually came in third after Argentina and Italy. World-wide, basketball tournaments are held for all age levels, from five- to six-year-olds (called biddy-biddy), to high school, college, and the professional leagues. Tournaments are held at each level for both boys and girls. The global popularity of the sport is reflected in the nationalities represented in the NBA. Players from all over the globe can be found in NBA teams. Steve Nash, who won the 2005 NBA MVP award as the Most Valuable Player in the NBA, is a South African-born Canadian player. Dallas Mavericks superstar, Dirk Nowitzki, was born in Germany and plays for the German national team. The all-tournament team at the most recent World Basketball Championships, held in 2002 in Indianapolis, demonstrates the globalization of the game equally dramatically. The team featured Nowitzki, Peja Stojakovic of Serbia and Montenegro, Manu Ginobili of Argentina, Yao Ming of China, and Pero Cameron of New Zealand; all except Cameron were or became NBA players.

Rules and regulations

:Main article: Rules of basketball Measurements and time limits referred to in this section often vary between tournaments and organisations; international and NBA rules are used in this section. The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own. An attempt to score in this way is called a shot. A successful shot is worth two points, or three points if it is taken from beyond the three-point arc which is 6.25 meters (20 ft 5 in) from the basket in international games and 23 ft 9 in (7.24 m) in NBA games. A successful free throw is worth one point.

Playing regulations

Games are played in four quarters of 10 (international) or 12 minutes (NBA). Fifteen minutes are allotted for a half-time break, and two minutes are allowed at the other breaks. Overtime periods are five minutes long. Teams exchange baskets for the second half. The time allotted is actual playing time; that is, the clock is stopped while the ball is not in play, for example when a violation or foul is committed or during free throws. Therefore, games generally take much longer; games of the length above realistically take around two hours. free throw A time-out is a clock stoppage requested by the coach of either team, during which he can talk to the team. A time-out lasts one minute in international basketball and either 60 seconds or 20 seconds in NBA basketball; time-outs can be extended to up to 100 seconds if a television commercial break is needed. The number of time-outs allowed in a game and in each period is limited, typically to five or six in a game. The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee, one or two umpires and the table officials. The table officials are responsible for keeping track of each teams scoring, timekeeping, individual and team fouls, player substitutions, team possession arrow (except in the NBA, Euroleague, and some amateur leagues), and the shot clock.

Equipment

Other than the ball, the only essential equipment in basketball is the court: a flat, rectangular surface with two baskets at opposite ends. At competitive levels, much more equipment may be needed, including clocks, scoresheets, scoreboards, foul markers, alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems. The men's ball's circumference is about 30 inches (76 cm) and weighs about 1 lb 5 oz (600 g). The women's ball's circumference is about 29 inches (730 cm) and weighs about 1 lb 3 oz (540 g). A regulation basketball court in international games is 28 by 15 meters (approx. 92 by 49 feet) and in the NBA is 94 by 50 feet (approx. 29 by 15 meters). Most courts are made of wood and have painted lines 2 inches (5 centimeters) wide to mark off the various sections. A basket and backboard hang over each end of the court. The basket consists of a cast-iron rim and a net, and is connected by supports to the backboard. At almost all levels of competition, the top of the rim is exactly 10 feet (3.05 m) above the court and 4 feet (1.21 m) inside the endline. While variation is possible in the dimensions of the court and backboard, it is generally considered mandatory for the rim to be the proper height. Even amateur players can detect a rim that is off by as little as a few inches, and practicing on a non-standard rim can cause a good shooter to lose the muscle memory necessary for a good shot.

Teams and uniforms

There are five players from each team on the court at any time. Teams can have up to seven substitutes. Substitutions are unlimited but can only be done when play is stopped. Teams also have a coach, who oversees the development and strategies of the team, and other team followers such as assistant coaches, managers, statisticians, doctors and trainers. basketball court For both men's and women's teams, a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and a sleeveless tank top with a clearly visible number printed on both the front and back. Players also wear high-top sneakers that provide extra ankle support. Often, team names and players' names and sometimes sponsors are printed on the uniforms too. For FIBA-sanctioned international tournaments, only numbers from 4 to 15 may be used. This enables referees to signal players' numbers to the scorer's table using their fingers. For domestic and continental competitions in most organised basketball, including the NBA, but excuding NFHS and NCAA competition, any number from 1 to 99, as well as 0 or 00 (but not both), are permitted. In NFHS and NCAA competition, players are limited to 0 or 00 (not both), and any number from 1-5, 10-15, 20-25, 30-35, 40-45, and 50-55. In the state of Iowa for girls only, home players must wear odd numbers and visiting players must wear even numbers. No two players of the same team may wear the same number.

Violations

The ball may be advanced toward the basket by being shot, passed between players, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled (bouncing the ball while running). The ball must stay within the court, though it is not considered out-of-bounds until the ball touches the ground or someone who is touching the ground that is out-of-bounds. The last team to touch the ball before it travels out of bounds forfeits possession. The ball-handler may not move both feet while he is holding the ball and not dribbling, known as travelling, nor may he dribble with both hands or catch the ball in between dribbles, a violation called double-dribbling. A player's hand must remain on top of the ball while dribbling, failure to do so is known as carrying the ball. A team, once having established ball control in the front half of the court, may not return the ball to the backcourt. No player may kick the ball or strike it with his fist. A violation of these rules results in loss of possession, or, if committed by the defense, a reset of the shot clock. There are limits imposed on the time taken before progressing the ball past halfway (8 seconds in international and NBA), before attempting a shot (24 seconds), holding the ball while closely guarded (5 seconds), and remaining in the restricted area (3 seconds -- in the NBA, this rule is for both offense and defense, as a defensive violation results in a free throw attempt). These rules are designed to reward good defense. No player may interfere with the ball or basket on its downward flight to the basket, or while it is on the ring (or, in the NBA, while it is directly above the basket), a violation known as goaltending. If a defensive player goaltends, the attempted shot is considered to have been successful. If a teammate of the shooter or dribbler goaltends, the basket is cancelled and the team loses possession.

Fouls

:Main articles: Personal foul, Technical foul An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through personal contact is illegal and is called a foul. These are most commonly committed by defensive players; however, they can be committed by offensive players as well. Players who are fouled either receive the ball to pass inbounds again, or receive one or more free throws if they are fouled in the act of shooting, depending on whether the shot was successful. One point is awarded for making a free throw, which is attempted from a line 4.5 metres (15 feet) from the basket. There is some discretion with the referee when calling a foul — they consider if there was unfair advantage gained, for example, a player gained possession unfairly. This makes fouls sometimes controversial calls. Contact in basketball is unavoidable, and the calling of a foul can vary between games, leagues and even between referees. A player or coach who shows poor sportsmanship, for instance, by arguing with a referee or by fighting with another player, can be charged with a technical foul. The penalty involves free throws and varies between leagues; repeated incidents can result in disqualification. Blatant fouls with excessive contact or that are not an attempt to play the ball are called unsportsmanlike fouls (or flagrant fouls in the NBA, intentional fouls in the NCAA) and incur a harsher penalty; in some rare cases a disqualifying foul will require the player to leave the playing area. Effective in 2004, two unsportsmanlike fouls in a match resulted in a player being disqualified. If a team surpasses a preset limit of team fouls in a given period (quarter or half) – four for international and NBA games – the opposing team is awarded two free throws on all subsequent defensive fouls for that period. In NCAA and US high school play, one free throw is awarded for a team's seventh foul in a half, with a second awarded either if he is successful on the first attempt, or on a team's tenth and subsequent foul in a half. If a player commits five fouls (including technical fouls) in one game (in a league where a game consists of four twelve-minute periods, including the NBA, six fouls), he is not allowed to participate for the rest of the game, and is described as having "fouled out". In the NBA, however, when a team is reduced to five players, once a player commits his sixth foul, he remains in the game, and one additional free-throw is awarded to the free-throw shooter in addition to any free throw attempts awarded for the foul. In the case of an offensive foul past the limit, one free throw is still awarded. A similar rule is used if a team reduced to five players has a player who must leave the game because of injury, as he must be replaced by the last player who left the game because of committing six fouls.

Common techniques and practice

Positions

During the first five decades of basketball's evolution, a player occupied one of three positions, as follows: two guards, two forwards, and one center. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, as follows: #Point guard #Shooting guard #Small forward #Power forward #Center On some occasions, teams will choose to use a three guard offense, replacing one of the forwards or the center with a third guard. The distinction in positions is important mainly in coaching; any of the 5 players may shoot, pass or otherwise take any legal action at any time.

Shooting

Center To shoot, the player holds the ball in both hands, with the shooting hand (usually the shooter's dominant hand) under the ball and the ball resting only on the top parts of the shooter's fingers, similar to a waiter carrying a tray. The ball is shot toward the target by extending the shooting arm and wrist in a half-arc until the fingers are pointing toward the floor. The ball rolls off the finger tips while the wrist completes a full downward flex motion. The shooting elbow is extended upward, starting its extension from approximately a 90 degree flex to nearly straight. Generally, the non-shooting hand and arm are not used in the shot, except to maintain the ball's position on the shooting hand. The two most common shots are the set shot and the jump shot. The jump shot is by far the most common, with the set shot used mainly for free throw attempts. The set shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the floor during the shot. The jump shot is taken from a mid-air position: the player flexes at the knees and jumps before shooting near the top of the jump. The power of the jump shot comes from the legs, giving the player a much longer range, and also allowing the player to elevate over the defender to get a better look at the basket. After release, the ball should have a steady backspin, deadening the ball upon impact with the rim. The ideal trajectory of the shot is somewhat arguable, but generally coaches will profess proper arch. The ball should pass well above the hoop, depending on the length of the shot, and travel downward into the basket to create the best angle for success. Most players try to shoot directly into the basket, but certain situations may call for the shooter to use the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket. The best shooters have great hand and eye coordination, excellent balance, and courage under pressure. Spotting a shooting opportunity is as important as basic technique; top players at the professional level rarely miss when given an unguarded look at the basket. Practice is a key element as well, of course. Many players will linger for hours after a practice session, taking hundreds of shots from various angles to perfect their technique.

Passing

A pass is a method of moving the ball between players. Most passes are accompanied by a step forward to increase power and are followed through with the hands to ensure accuracy. One of the most basic passes is the chest pass. The ball is passed directly from the passer's chest to the receiver's chest. This has the advantage that it takes the least time to complete, as the passer tries to pass as directly straight as possible. Another type of pass is the bounce pass. In this pass, the ball bounces about two-thirds of the way from the passer. Like the chest pass, it is passed from the passer's chest to the receiver's chest, and it is passed as directly as possible, for example, there should be no downward motion of the ball between the bounce and the time the receiver catches it. In this way, it is completed in the smallest amount of time possible for this pass. It does take longer to complete than the chest pass, but it is more difficult for the opposing team to intercept (kicking the ball deliberately is a violation). Thus, in crowded moments, or to pass the ball around a defender, this pass is often used. The overhead pass is used to pass the ball over a defender. The ball is passed from behind the passer's head, coming over it and aiming for around the chin of the receiver. This pass is also a fairly direct pass and can cover more distance than a chest pass. A pass is not necessarily always between two players a distance from each other; sometimes a clever cut by a team-mate can mean that a pass is to a team-mate who is in motion but at the time of passing next to the passer. The most important aspect of a good pass is that it is difficult for the defense to intercept. For this reason, large arc-shaped passes are almost always avoided and cross-court passes, called skip passes, are only used in certain situations.

Dribbling

Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously. When a player dribbles, he or she pushes the ball down towards the ground, rather than patting it, because this ensures greater control. When dribbling past an opponent, the dribbler should dribble with the hand furthest from the player. It is therefore important for a basketballer to be able to dribble confidently with both hands. In this way, the defender will not be able to get to the ball without getting past the dribbler. Also, the dribble will be lowered so that its movement is more frequent. The dribble is also lowered when switching hands. This is because, when switching the hand that is dribbling, the ball travels in front of the player making it easier to steal. Alternatively, to switch hands, a player can dribble between his legs or behind his back. It is common for beginners to dribble into a difficult position. A player should not have to watch the ball while he is dribbling. The pushing motion means that he knows where the ball is without having to see it; and a player's peripheral vision can also track the ball. By not having to focus on the ball, a player can look for team mates or scoring opportunities, as well as steer themself away from the danger of someone stealing the ball from them.

Height

Being tall is a clear advantage in basketball. At the professional level, most male participants are above 1.90 meters (6 ft 3 in) and most women are above 1.70 meters (5 ft 7 in). Guards, for whom physical coordination and ballhandling skill are of paramount importance, tend to be the smallest players, though they can occasionally be quite tall. The shortest player ever in the NBA is Muggsy Bogues at 1.60 meters (5 ft 3 in). Forwards in the men's professional leagues are almost all 2 meters (6 ft 6 in) or taller. Most centers, and a few forwards, are over 2.1 meters (6 ft 10.5 in) tall. The tallest players ever in the NBA, Manute Bol and Gheorghe Muresan, are 2.31 m (7 ft 7 in). Currently, the tallest NBA player is Yao Ming, who stands at 2.29 m (7 ft 6 in), although Yao has been recently reported to be 2.30 m barefoot and 2.34 m (7 ft 8 in) in basketball shoes. At the US college level, most men are at least 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) and women 5 feet 5 inches (1.65 m). The smallest high school players are usually 5 feet 6 inches (1.68 m) in boys' play and 5 feet (1.52 m) in girl's play. Some shorter players experience success at the pro level. Anthony "Spud" Webb stood just 5 feet 7 inches (1.70 m) tall, but had an amazing 42 inch (1.07 m) vertical leap, and played for 12 years in the NBA, even winning the 1986 NBA Slam Dunk Contest.

Variations and similar games

There are some variations of basketball played in informal settings. In street (also known as 'pickup' or 'streetball') games, an arbitrary number of points by one team is set as the game's end point. Free throws are not used, and fouls are called, by the fouled player, only when a violation is flagrant or prevents a score. Fouls are almost always called by the player with the ball; off-ball fouls or fouls called by the defense are frowned upon unless the foul committed is especially egregious. Full court games usually only commence if there are ten players. For smaller groups of people, the game is usually played in a half-court setting. In half court games, only one basket is used, with the requirement that the ball be "cleared" - passed or dribbled behind the three-point line - whenever possession of the ball changes. A "make-it-take-it" convention, informally known as "buckets" or "winners out", is followed in some regions, whereby the scoring team retains possession of the ball. Because free throws are not generally used, baskets made in pick-up games generally count as one point. However, some courts have begun to add the three-point goal to their pick-up scenario. Some courts keep scores inside the three-point goal as one point and scores beyond it two, while others use standard basketball scoring rules: two points for scores inside the three-point goal and three points for scores outside. Both full court and half court games require an even number of players so that each team has an equal number of players. There exist, however, games for odd number of players. Twenty-one is a game that can be played with two or more players. Each player has his own score, with the winner being the first to reach twenty-one. The game begins with one of the players starting with the ball, with the objective of scoring. All other players attempt to stop the score. On a missed shot, the rebounder clears the ball by dribbling it beyond the three-point line. Whenever a basket is scored, that player receives two points and goes to the free-throw line, where each made shot tacks on another point to their score. Common variations include:
- Having the first made free throw in the game worth two points, while all others are worth just one
- Limiting a player to no more than three made free throws in a row. Upon the third consecutive free throw, the player must start with the ball and try to score a regular basket with the others playing defense.
- Having scores from behind the three-point line count as three points
- Resetting a players score back to zero if they end up with exactly thirteen points
- Resetting a players score back to zero or thirteen if their score exceeds twenty-one. This can happen if they have twenty points and are at the free throw line and miss their free throw. Since the minimum number of points they can henceforth get is two, once they hit twenty-two points rather than winning their score is reset to a lower value. Another common, less athletic game for smaller groups of players is H-O-R-S-E. In this game, players shoot in a particular order. To start, the first shooter may shoot from anywhere on the court. If they miss, the second player gets to shoot from anywhere on the court. If they make their shot, however, the second person must make the same shot made by the first; if the second player misses, they get a "letter" from the word "horse". The next player may shoot from anywhere they please. If, however, the second player makes the shot of the first, the third player must make the same shot, and so on, until the shooting cycles back to the first, in which he may take a new shot. A player is knocked out of the game once they have missed five shots, spelling out the word "horse". Oftentimes, the shots in H-O-R-S-E are trick shots that are rarely, if ever, taken in a real game. Spin-offs from basketball include baseketball, which has some elements of baseball, korfball, which was born in the Netherlands and is played by mixed teams, netball, which was informally called "women's basketball" but now includes men's teams, slamball, and ringball. 21 basketball, Horse, and Around the world are popular variants.

Further reading


- The Meaning of Sports by Michael Mandelbaum (Public Affairs, ISBN 1-58648-252-1).

References


- NBA.com. [http://www.nba.com/analysis/rules_index.html Official rules of the NBA]
- Reimer, Anthony (June 2005). "FIBA vs North American Rules Comparison". FIBA Assist 14, p. 40.
- International Basketball Federation (September 2004). Official Basketball Rules.

See also


- Basketball at the Summer Olympics
- Women's National Basketball Association
- Basketball World Championship
- NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship
- NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship
- International Basketball Federation
- National Basketball Association
- Basketball Hall of Fame
- Rules of basketball
- Basketball moves
- Triangle offense
- Zone defense
- Man-to-man defense
- Springfield, Massachusetts +
- Violence in sports
- List of defunct sports leagues

External links


- [http://www.nbajunkie.com NBA Junkie] wiki focused on basketball
- [http://www.centercourthoops.com CenterCourt Hoops] Basketball -- News and Discussion
- [http://www.freebasketball.netfirms.com Basketball fundamentals and streetball history] Official site
- [http://www.basketball-plays-and-tips.com/encyclopedia Basketball Plays, Drills and Fundamentals] Resource for coaches and players
- [http://www.nba.com NBA.com] Official site
- [http://www.playcoed.com Play Coed Basketball] Men's & Coed Hoops
- [http://www.nbawire.com NBA Basketball News]
- [http://www.bballin.com BBALLIN 1 on 1 and 3 on 3 Basketball Leagues] Official site
- [http://www.insidehoops.com InsideHoops.com]
- [http://www.hoopsstats.com Hoopsstats.com]
- [http://www.fiba.com International Basketball Federation]
- [http://www.northstarbasketball.com Northstar Basketball] Official site
- [http://www.hoopaddicts.com/modules.php?name=Forums Hoop Addicts discussion forum]
- [http://www.nbawire.com/cgi-bin/yabb/YaBB.cgi NBA Message Boards]
- [http://www.googul.net/modules/zmagazine/article.php?articleid=1 Googul.net - The Origins Of Basketball]
- [http://games.espn.go.com/vgm Gatorade Virtual GM]
- [http://www.summerproleague.com NBA Summer Ball]
- [http://www.basketball-overseas.com Basketball Overseas USA & Europe]
- [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/S?ammem/papr:@FILREQ(@field(TITLE+@od1(Basket+ball,+Missouri+Valley+College++))+@FIELD(COLLID+workleis)) Movie of girls playing basketball at Missouri Valley College, circa 1904]
- [http://dir.yahoo.com/Recreation/Sports/Basketball/ Basketball] from Yahoo!
- [http://www.pepere.org/flash_games/3_points_challenge.php?lang=1 Flash basketball three points demonstration]
- [http://www.basketball-oasis.com Basketball Oasis - basketball directory]
- [http://www.ep2005.co.yu/ Eurobasket 2005]
- [http://www.basketball.net.au Basketball Australia]
- [http://www.sacredhoops.com youth basketball]
- [http://www.quad4x.net/cswebpage/2_3zone.html 2-3 Zone Defense - most common zone used]
- [http://www.theatlasgames.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=60&Itemid=45/ Atlas Games Basketball Competition]
- [http://www.cnbasketball.com/ Chinese basketball] Category:Ball games ko:농구 ja:バスケットボール simple:Basketball

Galatina

Galatina to miejscowość i gmina we Włoszech, w regionie Apulia, w prowincji Lecce. Wg danych na rok 2004 gminę zamieszkuje 28 081 osób, 346,7 os./km². Źródło danych: [http://www.istat.it Istituto Nazionale di Statistica] Kategoria:Miejscowości WłochKategoria:Prowincja Lecce

Kredyt hipoteczny anemia hotels in Krakow Randki zujer










































:: RELATED NEWS ::
All Rights Reserved 2005 wikimiki.org