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Jacques Chaban-Delmas
Jacques Chaban-Delmas (March 7, 1915–November 10, 2000) was a French Gaullist politician. He served as Prime Minister under Georges Pompidou from 1969 to 1972.
Jacques Chaban-Delmas was born Jacques Delmas; in the French Resistance, his last pseudonym was Chaban, and after World War II he changed his name to Chaban-Delmas.
Jacques Chaban-Delmas was mayor of Bordeaux from 1947 to 1995.
He was president of the French National Assembly from 1958 to 1969, from 1978 to 1981 and from 1986 to 1988.
As Prime Minister, Chaban-Delmas tried to promote what he called a "new society", and was wiewed as a progressist.
Following the death in office of President Georges Pompidou, he tried to run for office, but this attempt was hampered by Jacques Chirac's decision, as head of the gaullist party, to support the candidacy of Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. Chaban-Delmas was defeated in the first run of the French presidential election, 1974, winning only 15,10% of the votes in the first round.
- Jacques Chaban-Delmas - Prime Minister
- Maurice Schumann - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Michel Debré - Minister of National Defense
- Raymond Marcellin - Minister of the Interior
- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing - Minister of Economy and Finance
- François-Xavier Ortoli - Minister of Industrial and Scientific Development
- Joseph Fontanet - Minister of Labour, Employment, and Population
- René Pleven - Minister of Justice
- Olivier Guichard - Minister of National Education
- Henri Duvillard - Minister of Veterans and War Victims
- Edmond Michelet - Minister of Cultural Affairs
- Jacques Duhamel - Minister of Agriculture
- Albin Chalandon - Minister of Housing and Equipment
- Raymond Mondon - Minister of Transport
- Roger Frey - Minister of Relations with Parliament
- Robert Boulin - Minister of Public Health and Social Security
- Robert Galley - Minister of Posts and Telecommunications
Changes
- 19 October 1970 - André Bettencourt succeeds Michelet (d. 9 October) as interim Minister of Cultural Affairs
- 7 January 1971 - Jacques Duhamel succeeds Bettencourt as Minister of Cultural Affairs. Michel Cointat succeeds Duhamel as Minister of Agriculture. Jean Chamant succeeds Mondon (d. 31 December 1970) as Minister of Transport. Roger Frey becomes Minister of Administrative Reforms and is not replaced as Minister of Relations with Parliament.
- 25 February 1971 - Pierre Messmer enters the ministry as Minister of Overseas Departments and Territories.
Chaban-Delmas
Chaban-Delmas
Chaban-Delmas, Jacques
Chaban-Delmas
March 7
March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (67th in Leap years). There are 299 days remaining.
Events
- 161 - Roman emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, an unprecedented political arrangement in the Roman Empire.
- 1798 - The French army enters in Rome: the birth of the Roman Republic
- 1799 - Napoleon I of France captures Jaffa in Palestine and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albanian captives.
- 1814 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Craonne.
- 1827 - Shrigley Abduction: Ellen Turner, a wealthy heiress in Cheshire, England is abducted by Edward Gibbon Wakefield, the future politician in colonial New Zealand.
- 1848 - The Great mahele (land division) is signed in Hawaii.
- 1850 - United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.
- 1862 - American Civil War: Battle of Pea Ridge - Union forces led by General Samuel Curtis defeat Confederate troops under General Earl Van Dorn at Pea Ridge in northwestern Arkansas.
- 1876 - Alexander Graham Bell is granted a patent for an invention he calls the telephone (patent # 174,464).
- 1911 - Revolution in Mexico.
- 1912 - Roald Amundsen first announces to the world that his expedition has reached the South Pole, though they had arrived on December 14, 1911.
- 1918 - World War I: Finland forms an alliance with Germany.
- 1936 - World War II: In violation of the Locarno Pact and the Treaty of Versailles, Germany reoccupies the Rhineland.
- 1945 - World War II: American troops seize the bridge over the Rhine River at Remagen, Germany and begin to cross.
- 1947 - The Kuomintang and Communist Party of China resume full-fledged Civil War.
- 1950 - Cold War: The Soviet Union issues a statement denying that Klaus Fuchs served as a Soviet spy.
- 1951 - Korean War: Operation Ripper - In Korea, United Nations troops led by General Matthew Ridgeway begin an assault against Chinese forces.
- 1965 - In Selma, Alabama, State troopers and local law enforcement forcefully break up a group of 600 civil rights marchers. The event was televised and was dubbed Bloody Sunday.
- 1968 - Vietnam War: The First Battle of Saigon begins.
- 1973 - The ultimately disappointing Comet Kohoutek is discovered by Luboš Kohoutek.
- 1983 - The Nashville Network (TNN) begins broadcasting.
- 1984 - The United States attacks San Juan del Sur in Nicaragua.
- 1987 - Mike Tyson adds the WBA World Heavyweight boxing championship to his WBC one when he beats James Smith after a 12-round fight in Las Vegas, Nevada.
- 1988 - Colombia becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1989 - The State Council of the People's Republic of China declares martial law in Lhasa, Tibet.
- 1994 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules in Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music that parodies of an original work are generally covered by the doctrine of fair use.
- 1996 - The first democratically elected Palestinian parliament is formed.
- 1999 - American film director, Stanley Kubrick, dies in his sleep from a fatal heart attack.
- 2002 - Opening of The IX Paralympics Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah.
- 2002 - The Network Against Prohibition forms in Darwin, Australia.
- 2005 - Mass protest outside the National Assembly of Kuwait building for women's voting rights in Kuwait.
Births
- 189 - Publius Septimius Geta, Roman Emperor (d. 211)
- 1481 - Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter (d. 1537)
- 1556 - Guillaume du Vair, French writer (d. 1621)
- 1671 - Robert Roy MacGregor, Scottish folk hero (d. 1734)
- 1678 - Filippo Juvara, Italian architect (d. 1736)
- 1687 - Jean Lebeuf, French historian (d. 1760)
- 1693 - Pope Clement XIII (d. 1769)
- 1715 - Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet (d. 1759)
- 1715 - Ephraim Williams, American philanthropist (d. 1755)
- 1730 - Baron de Breteuil, French statesman (d. 1807)
- 1746 - André Michaux, French botanist (d. 1802)
- 1765 - Nicéphore Niépce, French inventor (d. 1833)
- 1792 - John Herschel, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1871)
- 1837 - Henry Draper, American physician and astronomer (d. 1882)
- 1849 - Luther Burbank, American biologist and botanist (b. 1849)
- 1850 - Tomáš Masaryk, first President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1937)
- 1857 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1940)
- 1872 - Piet Mondrian, Dutch painter (d. 1944)
- 1875 - Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937)
- 1887 - Heino Eller, Estonian composer (d. 1970)
- 1902 - Heinz Rühmann, German actor (d. 1994)
- 1904 - Ivar Ballangrud, Norwegian speed skater (d. 1969)
- 1904 - Reinhard Heydrich, Nazi official (d. 1942)
- 1908 - Anna Magnani, Italian actress (d. 1973)
- 1926 - Alan Sues, American comedian and actor
- 1930 - Antony Armstrong-Jones, Lord Snowdon
- 1934 - Willard Scott, American television broadcaster
- 1938 - David Baltimore, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1938 - Janet Guthrie, American race car driver
- 1940 - Rudi Dutschke, German student leader (d. 1979)
- 1940 - Daniel J. Travanti, American actor
- 1942 - Tammy Faye Bakker, American evangelist
- 1942 - Michael Eisner, American film studio executive
- 1944 - Stanley Schmidt, American editor
- 1944 - Townes Van Zandt, American musician and songwriter
- 1945 - John Heard, American actor
- 1945 - Arthur Lee, American musician (Love)
- 1946 - Peter Wolf, American musician (J Geils Band)
- 1947 - Richard Lawson, American actor
- 1947 - Walter Röhrl, German race car driver
- 1949 - Ghulam Nabi Azad, Indian politician
- 1950 - Iris Chacon, Puerto Rican singer and dancer
- 1950 - Franco Harris, American football player
- 1952 - Ernie Isley, American singer
- 1952 - Lynn Swann, American football player
- 1955 - Tommy Kramer, American football player
- 1956 - Bryan Cranston, American actor
- 1958 - Rik Mayall British actor
- 1960 - Joe Carter, baseball player
- 1960 - Ivan Lendl, Czech tennis player
- 1963 - Bill Brochtrup, American actor
- 1963 - Denyce Graves, American singer
- 1964 - Bret Easton Ellis, American writer
- 1964 - Wanda Sykes, American actress and comedienne
- 1965 - Jesper Parnevik, Swedish golfer
- 1971 - Rachel Weisz, British actress
- 1977 - Mitja Zastrow, German-born swimmer
- 1980 - Laura Prepon, American actress
- 1984 - Mathieu Flamini, French footballer
Deaths
- 322 BC - Aristotle, philosopher (b. 384 BC)
- AD 161 - Antoninus Pius, Roman Emperor (b. 86)
- 308 - Saint Eubulus, Christian martyr
- 851 - Nominoe, Duke of Brittany
- 1226 - William de Longespee, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, English military leader
- 1274 - Thomas Aquinas, Italian scholastic philosopher (b. 1225)
- 1578 - Margaret Douglas, Countess of Lennox (b. 1515)
- 1625 - Johann Bayer, German astronomer (b. 1572)
- 1724 - Pope Innocent XIII (b. 1655)
- 1767 - Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, French colonizer and Governor of Louisiana (b. 1680)
- 1778 - Charles De Geer, Swedish industrialist and entomologist (b. 1720)
- 1810 - Cuthbert Collingwood, 1st Baron Collingwood, British admiral (b. 1750)
- 1932 - Aristide Briand, French statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1862)
- 1952 - Paramahansa Yogananda, Indian guru (b. 1893)
- 1957 - Wyndham Lewis, British author and painter (b. 1882)
- 1954 - Otto Diels, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
- 1967 - Alice B. Toklas, American companion to Gertrude Stein (b. 1877)
- 1974 - Alberto Rabagliati, Italian singer and actor (b. 1906)
- 1975 - Mikhail Bakhtin, Russian philosopher (b. 1895)
- 1975 - Ben Blue, Canadian actor (b. 1901)
- 1976 - Wright Patman, American politician (b. 1893)
- 1981 - Kiril Kondrashin, Russian conductor (b. 1914)
- 1986 - Jacob Javits, American politician (b. 1904)
- 1988 - Divine, American actor (b. 1945)
- 1991 - Cool Papa Bell, baseball player (b. 1903)
- 1995 - Georges J.F. Kohler, German biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1946)
- 1997 - Rabbi Emanuel Bronner, German-American soap magnate and philosopher (b. 1908)
- 1997 - Edward Mills Purcell, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1912)
- 1999 - Sidney Gottlieb, American Central Intelligence Agency official (b. 1918)
- 1999 - Stanley Kubrick, American film director (b. 1928)
- 2000 - Charles Gray, British actor (b. 1928)
- 2000 - Jack Sanford, baseball player (b. 1929)
- 2002 - Doris Allen, American psychologist (b. 1901)
- 2004 - Paul Winfield, American actor (heart attack) (b. 1941)
Holidays and observances
- Catholicism - Feast day of Ss. Perpetua and Felicity
- Albania - Teacher's Day
- Illinois - Casimir Pulaski Day observed, 2005 (First Monday of March)
External links
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/7 BBC: On This Day]
----
March 6 - March 8 - February 7 - April 7 -- listing of all days
ko:3월 7일
ja:3月7日
simple:March 7
th:7 มีนาคม
November 10November 10 is the 314th day of the year (315th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 51 days remaining.
Events
- 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Ladislaus III of Poland (or Ulaszlo I of Hungary) are crushed by the Turks under Sultan Murad II and Ladislaus is killed.
- 1674 - Anglo-Dutch War: As provided in the Treaty of Westminster, Netherlands cedes New Netherlands to England.
- 1766 - The last Colonial governor of New Jersey, William Franklin, signs the charter of Queen's College (later renamed Rutgers University).
- 1775 - American Revolutionary War: The Continental Congress passes a resolution creating the Continental Marines (later renamed the United States Marine Corps) to serve as landing troops for the recently created Continental Navy.
- 1865 - Major Henry Wirz, the superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is hanged, becoming the only American Civil War soldier executed for war crimes.
- 1871 - Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary, Dr. David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika saying "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
- 1919 - The first national convention of the American Legion is held in Minneapolis, Minnesota (convention ended on November 12).
- 1926 - In San Francisco, California, a necrophiliac serial killer named Earle Nelson (dubbed "Gorilla Man") kills and then rapes his 9th victim, Mrs. William Edmonds.
- 1928 - Michinomiya Hirohito is crowned the 124th Emperor of Japan
- 1938 - Kate Smith, on her weekly radio show, sings Irving Berlin's God Bless America for the first time.
- 1940 - Walt Disney begins serving as an informer for the Los Angeles office of the FBI; his job is to report back information on Hollywood "subversives".
- 1942 - World War II: Germany invades Vichy France following French Admiral François Darlan agreement to an armistice with the Allies in North Africa.
- 1951 - Direct-dial coast-to-coast telephone service begins in the United States.
- 1954 - US President Dwight D. Eisenhower dedicates the USMC War Memorial (Iwo Jima memorial) in Arlington National Cemetery.
- 1969 - National Educational Television (the predecessor to the Public Broadcasting Service) in the United States debuts the children's television program Sesame Street.
- 1970 - Vietnam War: Vietnamization - For the first time in five years, an entire week ends with no reports of American combat fatalities in Southeast Asia.
- 1970 - Soviet Lunar probe Lunokhod 1 launched.
- 1971 - In Cambodia, Khmer Rouge forces attack the city Phnom Penh and its airport, killing 44, wounding at least 30 and damaging nine airplanes.
- 1972 - Southern Airways Flight 49 from Birmingham is hijacked and, at one point, is threatened with crashing into the nuclear installation at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. After two days, the plane lands in Havana, Cuba, where the hijackers are jailed by Fidel Castro.
- 1975 - The 729-foot-long freighter SS Edmund Fitzgerald sinks during a storm on Lake Superior, killing all 29 crew on board.
- 1975 - United Nations Resolution 3379: United Nations General Assembly approves a resolution equating Zionism with racism (the resolution was repealed in December 1991).
- 1989 - After ruling for 33 years , Bulgarian Communist Party leader Todor Zhivkov is replaced by foreign minister Petur Mladenov, who in 1990 changes the party's name to Bulgarian Socialist Party.
- 1995 - In Nigeria, playwright and environmental activist Ken Saro-Wiwa along with eight others from the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (Mosop) are hanged by government forces.
- 1997 - Telcoms WorldCom and MCI Communications announce a $37 billion merger (the largest merger in US history at the time).
- 1997 - A jury in Fairfax, Virginia finds Mir Aimal Kasi guilty of the murder of two CIA employees in 1993.
- 1997 - Seymour Hersh's book "The Dark Side of Camelot" is published; it includes allegations of explicit photos of John F. Kennedy with various sex partners having been taken.
- 1997 - The conviction of 19-year-old British au pair Louise Woodward reduced from second-degree murder to involuntary manslaughter and her sentence reduced from life in prison to time served. She had been found guilty less than two weeks earlier in a baby-shaking death.
- 2005 - The New Cybermen were revealed on the BBC's Website.
Births
- 745 - Musa al-Kazim, Shia Imam (d. 799)
- 1341 - Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, English statesman (d. 1408)
- 1433 - Charles, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1477)
- 1483 - Martin Luther, German protestant reformer (d. 1546)
- 1565 - Laurentius Paulinus Gothus, Swedish theologian and astronomer (d. 1646)
- 1566 - Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, English politician (d. 1601)
- 1577 - Jacob Cats, Dutch poet, jurist and politician (d. 1660)
- 1668 - Louis III, Prince of Condé (d. 1710)
- 1668 - François Couperin, French composer (d. 1733)
- 1683 - George II of Great Britain (d. 1760)
- 1695 - John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (d. 1771)
- 1697 - William Hogarth, English artist (d. 1764)
- 1710 - Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman (d. 1792)
- 1728 - Oliver Goldsmith, English playwright (d. 1774)
- 1759 - Friedrich von Schiller, German writer (d. 1805)
- 1801 - Samuel Gridley Howe, American social reformer (d. 1876)
- 1801 - Vladimir Dal, Russian lexicographer (d. 1872)
- 1845 - Sir John Sparrow David Thompson, fourth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1894)
- 1871 - Winston Churchill, American novelist (d. 1947)
- 1879 - Vachel Lindsay, American poet (d. 1931)
- 1880 - Jacob Epstein, American-born scuptor (d. 1959)
- 1887 - Arnold Zweig, German author (d. 1968)
- 1888 - Andrei Tupolev, Russian aircraft designer (d. 1972)
- 1889 - Claude Rains, English actor (d. 1967)
- 1893 - John P. Marquand, American writer (d. 1960)
- 1896 - Jimmy Dykes, baseball player and manager (d. 1976)
- 1907 - Jane Froman, American actor and singer (d. 1980)
- 1909 - Paweł Jasienica, Polish historian (d. 1970)
- 1912 - Birdie Tebbetts, baseball player and manager (d. 1999)
- 1918 - Ernst Otto Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1919 - Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov, Russian inventor
- 1919 - Moise Tshombe, Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1969)
- 1925 - Richard Burton, Welsh actor (d. 1984)
- 1928 - Ennio Morricone, Italian composer
- 1932 - Roy Scheider, American actor
- 1935 - Igor Dmitrievich Novikov, Russian astrophisicist
- 1940 - Russell Means, American activist
- 1940 - Screaming Lord Sutch, English musician
- 1942 - Robert F. Engle, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1942 - Hans-Rudolf Merz, Swiss Federal Councilor
- 1944 - Silvestre Reyes, American politician
- 1944 - Sir Tim Rice, English lyricist
- 1947 - Greg Lake, British musician
- 1947 - Glen Buxton, American guitarist (Alice Cooper) (d. 1997)
- 1949 - Ann Reinking, American actress, dancer, and choreographer
- 1956 - Sinbad, American actor and comedian
- 1958 - Massimo Morsello, Italian singer and activist
- 1958 - Brooks Williams, American musician
- 1959 - Linda Cohn, American sports reporter
- 1959 - Mackenzie Phillips, American actress
- 1960 - Neil Gaiman, English writer
- 1964 - Kenny Rogers, baseball player
- 1965 - Eddie Irvine, Irish race car driver
- 1969 - Jens Lehmann, German goalkeeper (football)
- 1972 - Shawn Green, baseball player
- 1973 - Patrik Berger, Czech footballer
- 1976 - Steffen Iversen, Norwegian footballer
- 1976 - Shefki Kuqi, Finnish footballer
- 1977 - Brittany Murphy, American actress
- 1978 - Eve, American rapper (Sunil)
- 1985 - Ricki-Lee Coulter, Australian singer
- 1985 - Giovonnie Samuels, American television actress
- 1987 - (Akshat Jain), Indian Singer-born star
Deaths
- 627 - Justus, Archbishop of Canterbury
- 1444 - King Wladislaus III of Poland (killed in battle) (b. 1424)
- 1549 - Pope Paul III (b. 1468)
- 1596 - Peter Wentworth, English Puritan politician (b. 1530)
- 1605 - Ulisse Aldrovandi, Italian naturalist (b. 1522)
- 1617 - Barnabe Rich, English soldier and writer
- 1624 - Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, English patron of the theater (b. 1573)
- 1644 - Luís Vélez de Guevara, Spanish writer (b. 1579)
- 1673 - Michał Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland (b. 1640)
- 1727 - Alphonse de Tonty, French explorer and American settler (b. 1659)
- 1728 - Fyodor Apraksin, Russian admirals (b. 1661)
- 1772 - Pedro Antonio Joaquim Correa da Serra Garção, Portuguese poet (b. 1724)
- 1777 - Cornstalk, Shawnee chief
- 1808 - Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, British soldier and Governor of Quebec (b. 1724)
- 1891 - Arthur Rimbaud, French poet, (b. 1854)
- 1909 - Renee Vivien, American poet (b. 1877)
- 1912 - Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman (b. 1863)
- 1938 - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and the first President of Turkey (b. 1881)
- 1982 - Leonid Brezhnev, ruler of the Soviet Union (b. 1906)
- 1985 - Pelle Lindbergh, Swedish hockey player (b. 1959)
- 1990 - Aurelio Monteagudo, baseball player (b. 1943)
- 1995 - Ken Saro-Wiwa, Nigerian writer and activist (b. 1941)
- 2001 - Ken Kesey, American author (b. 1935)
- 2003 - Canaan Banana, first President of Zimbabwe (b. 1936)
- 2003 - Irv "Kup" Kupcinet, American columnist and television personality (b. 1912)
Holidays and observances
- R.C. Saints - Pope Leo I the Great
- Also see November 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Ancient Latvia - Martini
- Turkey - Day of Remembrance of Ataturk
- Russia - Day of Militsiya (analogue of police in Russia)
- United States Marine Corps Birthday
External links
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/10 BBC: On This Day]
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November 9 - November 11 - October 10 - December 10 -- listing of all days
ko:11월 10일
ms:10 November
ja:11月10日
simple:November 10
th:10 พฤศจิกายน
2000
This article is about the year 2000. For other uses of 2000, see 2000 (number) or 2000 (breakdancing move).
2000 (MM) is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. Popular culture also holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium. By strict interpretation of the Gregorian Calendar, however, this distinction falls to the year 2001. This is due to the fact that the first century began with the year 1, and there does not exist a year zero. The first century (or first 100 years AD) was from January 1, in the year one (1 AD) through December 31, in the year one-hundred (100 AD). The second century began on January 1, in the year one-hundred and one (101 AD).
The year 2000 is also marked as:
- The International Year for a Culture of Peace.
- The World Mathematical Year.
See also Wikipedia's almanac of events for this year.
Events
- January 1 - Millennium celebrations take place throughout the world. Y2K passes without the serious, widespread computer failures and malfunctions that had been predicted.
- January 5-January 8 - The 2000 al-Qaida Summit
- January 6 - The last remaining Pyrenean Ibex is found dead.
- January 10 - America On-line announces an agreement to buy Time Warner for $162 billion. This is the largest-ever corporate merger.
- January 11 - the armed wing of Islamic Salvation Front concludes its negotiations with the government for an amnesty and disbands in Algeria.
- January 11 - The trawler Solway Harvester sinks off the Isle of Man.
- January 14 - A United Nations tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats up to 25 years for the 1993 killing of over 100 Bosnian Muslims in a Bosnian village.
- January 16 - In Sacramento, California a commercial truck carrying evaporated milk is driven into the state capitol building killing the driver.
- January 24 - God's Army, Karen militia group led by twins Johnny and Luther Htoo, take 700 hostages at a Thai hospital near the Burmese border.
- January 30 - St. Louis Rams 23 defeat the Tennessee Titans 16 to win the Super_Bowl_XXXIV
- January 30 - Off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169. Within a day, Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crashes off the California coast into the Pacific Ocean, killing 88.
- January 31 - Dr. Harold Shipman in sentenced to life in prison for murder of at least 15 of his patients out of 365 suspected victims.
- February 4 - German extortionist Klaus-Peter Sabotta is jailed for life for attempted murder and extortion in connection with sabotage of German railway lines.
- February 6 - Tarja Halonen is elected the first Finnish female president.
- February 13 - Final original Peanuts comic strip is published.
- February 14 - The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker entered orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.
- March 1 - The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
- March 2 - Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
- March 8 - Tokyo train disaster.
- March 9 - FBI arrests suspected purveyor of art forgeries, Ely Sakhai, in New York City.
- March 10 - The NASDAQ Composite Index reaches an all-time high of 5048. ([http://dynamic.nasdaq.com/dynamic/IndexChart.asp?symbol=IXIC&desc=NASDAQ+Composite&sec=nasdaq&site=nasdaq&months=84])
- March 18 - 2000 Taiwanese presidential election: Chen Shui-bian is elected President of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
- March 20 - Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther, is captured after gun battle that left a sheriff's deputy dead.
- March 21 - Pope John Paul II began the first office visit by a Roman Catholic pontiff to Israel.
- March 21 - US Supreme Court ruled the goverment lacked authority to regulate tobacco as an addictive drug, throwing out the Clinton administration's main anti-smoking initiative.
- March 26 - Presidential elections in Russia: Vladimir Putin elected President.
- March 30 - America's Cup 2000 retained by Team New Zealand near Auckland. Prada Challenge 2000 lost 0-5 in a "best-of-9".
April.]]
- April 1 - Japanese prime minister Keizo Obuchi suffers a stroke and falls into a coma.
- April 3 - United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.
- April 5 - Yoshiro Mori replaces Obuchi as prime minister of Japan.
- April 7 - Attack submarine ex-Trepang completes being recycled.
- April 16 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, Raja of Perlis dies after a reign of 55 years. He was the longest reigning monarch in the world since the death of Prince Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein.
- April 17 - Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin becomes Raja of Perlis.
- April 22 - In a predawn raid, federal agents seize six-year old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida and fly him to his Cuban father in Washington, DC ending one of the most publicized custody battles in US history.
- April 25 - The State of Vermont passes HB847, legalizing Civil Unions for same-sex couples.
- May 3 - A rare conjunction occurs on the New Moon including all seven of the traditional celestial bodies known from ancient times up until 1781 with the discovery of Uranus. The May 2000 conjunction consisted of: the Sun and Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
- May 3 - Computer pioneer Datapoint Corporation files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
- May 12 - The Tate Modern opens in London.
- May 13 - In Enschede a heavy fireworks explosion kills 20 and leaves an entire neighborhood in ruins.
- May 18 - Boo.com collapses due to lack of funds after six months.
- May 25 - Israel withdraws IDF troops from southern Lebanon after 22 years.
- May 28 - The volcano Mount Cameroon erupts.
- June 1 - Mark Mendlan, professional wrestler known by his ring name "Kid Gorgeous," is killed while wrestling at a show in New Hampshire.
- June 7 - U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson of the 4th circuit ordered the breakup of Microsoft Corp.
- June 10 - The New Jersey Devils defeat the Dallas Stars 4 games to 2 to win the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals.
- June 10 - The 2000 European Football Championship begins, hosted jointly by Belgium and the Netherlands.
- June 21 - Section 28, a law preventing the promotion of homosexuality is repealed by the Scottish Parliament.
- June 23 - Palace Backpackers Hostel fire in Childers, Queensland, Australia, kills 15 people.
- June 30 - During a set of the band Pearl Jam at the Roskilde Festival near Copenhagen, 9 die and 26 are injured in the crowd.
July
- July 2 - France beat Italy 2-1 to win the 2000 European Football Championship with a golden goal.
- July 2 - Presidential election of Mexico. Vicente Fox wins the Presidency as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party).
- July 10 - In southern Nigeria, a leaking petroleum pipeline explodes killing about 250 villagers who were scavenging gasoline
- July 10 - Death of Denis O Conor Donn, died 10th July 2000, aged 88; succeded by his son, Desmond as The O Connor Donn
- July 18 - Alex Salmond resigns as the leader of the Scottish National Party
- July 25 - A Concorde carrying Air France Flight 4590 crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 5 on the ground.
- August 1 - The Santa Cruz Operation announced that it will sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as UnixWare and OpenServer technologies, to Caldera Systems,Inc.
- August 8 - Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor.
- August 12 - The Russian submarine Kursk sinks in the Barents Sea, resulting in the deaths of all 118 men on board.
- August 14 - The first comic of Megatokyo goes online. This webcomic will later become one of the most popular comics on the web (in terms of page views) and spawn numerous imitators.
- August 25 - the Emulex hoax - wire services publish fraudulent bad news about Emulex
- August 27 - The Ostankino Tower in Moscow catches fire, three people are killed.
- September 5 - Tuvalu joins the United Nations.
- September 6 - In New York City, the United Nations Millennium Summit begins with more than 180 world leaders present.
- September 6 - The last wholly Swedish-owned arms manufacturer, Bofors, is sold to American arms manufacturer United Defense
- September 7–14 - The UK fuel protests take place, with refineries blockaded, and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.
- September 8 - Albania officially joins the World Trade Organization.
- September 15 - The 2000 Summer Olympics are opened in Sydney, Australia.
- September 16 - Ukrainian journalist Georgiy Gongadze is last seen alive; this day is taken as the commemoration date of his death.
- September 24 - The American Family Association begins lobbying the U.S. Congress to eradicate the National Endowment for the Arts for funding the controversial book One of the Guys by Robert Clark Young
- September 26 - Anti-globalization protests in Prague (some 15,000 protesters) turned violent during the IMF and World Bank summits.
- September 28 - Ariel Sharon leads several hundred armed Israelis in a visit to the Temple Mount. Palestinian civil disorder increases into the Al-Aqsa Intifada.
- September 29 - The Long Kesh prison in Northern Ireland is closed.
- October 2 NBC Today Show expanded it to three hours (7:00–10:00 A.M. Eastern Time/Pacific Time; 6:00–9:00 A.M. Central Time/Mountain Time)
- October 5 - President Slobodan Milošević leaves office after widespread demonstrations throughout Serbia and the withdrawal of Russian support.
- October 11 - 250 million gallons of coal sludge spill in Martin County, Kentucky. Considered a greater environmental disaster than the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
- October 12 - In Aden, Yemen, the USS Cole is badly damaged by two suicide bombers who placed a small boat laden with explosives along-side the United States Navy destroyer, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.
- October 21 15 Arab leaders convened in Cairo, Egypt, for their first summit in four years; the Libyan delegation walked out, angry over signs the summit would stop short of calling for breaking ties with Israel.
- October 22 – Mainichi Shinbun exposes Japanese archeologist Shinichi Fujimura as a fraud; Japanese archaeologists had based their treatises of his findings.
- October 26 - Pakistani authorities announce that their police have found an apparently ancient mummy of a persian princess in the province of Baluchistan. Iran, Pakistan and the Taliban all claim the mummy until Pakistan announces it is a forgery in April 17 2001
- October 31 - Singapore Airlines Flight 006 collides with construction equipment in the Chiang Kai Shek International Airport - 83 dead.
- October 31 - The last Jeremy clone has shut down.
November
- November - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq rejects new U.N. Security Council weapons inspections proposals
- November 1 - Yugoslavia's new democratic government joined the United Nations after eight years of U.N. ostracism under former strongman Slobodan Milosevic.
- November 3 - Widespread flooding throughout England and Wales after days of heavy rain
- November 4 - President Clinton vetoed a bill that would have criminalized the leaking of government secrets.
- November 7 - U.S. presidential election, 2000: Republican challenger George W. Bush defeats Democrat Vice President Al Gore, but the final outcome is not known for over a month because of disputed votes in Florida.
- November 7 - Criminal gang raids the Millennium Dome to steal The Millennium Star diamond but police surveillance catches them in the act
- November 7 - Hillary Rodham Clinton is elected to the United States Senate, becoming the first First Lady of the United States to win public office
- November 11 - Kaprun disaster, Austria, where 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.
- November 13 - Richard C. Duncan presents his paper, "The Peak Of World Oil Production And The Road To The Olduvai Gorge", on the Olduvai theory (about the collapse of the industrial civilization), at the Summit 2000 Pardee Keynote Symposia of the Geological Society of America)
- November 14 - Netscape version 6.0 is launched following two years of open source development creating a stable Mozilla web browser upon which it is based
- November 16 - Bill Clinton becomes the first sitting US President to visit Vietnam
- November 17 - Catastrophical landslide in Log pod Mangartom,Slovenia, kills 7, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophies in Slovenia in the past 100 years.
- November 17 - Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru
- November 27 - Canada - Parliamentary elections - Jean Chrétien re-elected as Prime Minister as Liberal Party increases majority in House of Commons
- November 28 - Ukrainian politician Oleksander Moroz touches off the Cassette Scandal by publicly accusing President Leonid Kuchma of involvement in the murder of journalist Georgiy Gongadze.
- December 1 - Mexico - Vicente Fox becomes the first opposition President to take office since Francisco I. Madero in 1911. He wins the Presidency as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party).
- December 28 - U.S. retail giant Montgomery Ward announces it is going out of business after 128 years.
- December 30 - Rizal Day Bombings: A series of bombs explode in various places in Metro Manila, Philippines, within a span of a few hours killing 22 and injuring about a hundred.
Unknown Date
- Limited reintroduction of routinely armed police in the UK for the first time since 1936.
- Scientists at University of Szeged's laboratory were first in the world to produce artificial heredity material.
- Millie I. Webb elected president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
Births
- February 23 - Max & Sam Christy, American actors
- March 15- Amy and Emily Walton, English actresses
- April 25 - Jacob & Joshua Rips, American actors
- October 6 - Amanda Pace, American actress
- October 20 - Cooper and Oliver Guynes, American actors
- November 8 - Madison and Marissa Poer, actresses
Deaths
January
- January 2 - Patrick O'Brian, English writer (b. 1914)
- January 15 - Fran Ryan, American actress (b. 1916)
- January 19 - Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1934)
- January 19 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (b. 1913)
February
- February 9 - Beau Jack, American boxer (b. 1921)
- February 11 - Roger Vadim, French film director (b. 1928)
- February 12 - Jalacy "Screamin' Jay" Hawkins, American musician (b. 1929)
- February 12 - Tom Landry, American football coach (b. 1924)
- February 12 - Charles M. Schulz, American comic strip artist (b. 1921)
- February 23 - Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (b. 1915)
April
- April 6 - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (b. 1903)
- April 16 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, King of Malaysia (b. 1920)
- April 25 - David Merrick, American stage producer (b. 1911)
- April 29 - Phạm Văn Ðồng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1906)
May
- May 11 - Paula Wessely, Austrian actress (b. 1907)
- May 12 - Adam Petty, American race car driver (b. 1980)
- May 14 - Keizo Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1937)
- May 17 - Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1909)
- May 19 - Yevgeny Khrunov, cosmonaut
Gaullism
Gaullism (from French "Gaullisme") is a French political ideology based on the thought and action of Charles de Gaulle.
Doctrine
The main doctrinal component of Gaullism is a desire for France's independence from foreign power, but there are also, in some variations of it, social and economic components.
Foreign policy
The main axis of de Gaulle's international policies was national independence, with, as some practical consequences, some degree of opposition to international organizations such as NATO or the European Economic Community. The basic tenets were that France should not have to rely on any foreign country for its survival (thus the creation of the French nuclear deterrent) and that France should refuse subservience to any foreign power, be it the United States or the Soviet Union. One can also cite the policies of grandeur — that is, the insistence that France is a major power in the world scene and the establishment of military and economic forces to back this claim. In that respect, Gaullism significantly influenced the Foreign policy of France in the following decades, even though Gaullists were no longer in power.
Critics of Charles de Gaulle outside France, particularly in the United Kingdom, United States and Israel resented De Gaulle's policies of grandeur and independence. One point of friction was De Gaulle's decision to withdraw France from the integrated military command of NATO, and the refusal to have foreign troops on French soil if these troops were not under French command — a move that greatly angered the United States, which had troops in France at the time and expected French military and foreign policies to be aligned to those of the United States.
Home policies
One may also cite social conservatism, and economic dirigisme and volontarisme as parts of the Gaullist ideology, but these are not necessarily accepted by those who called themselves Gaullists. Gaullism is generally considered a right-wing ideology, but there have also been left-wing Gaullists, the differences between the two consisting of differing social and economic policies.
Gaullism has sometimes been characterized as a form of populism, since de Gaulle relied heavily on his personal charisma. That is, De Gaulle preferred a direct relationship with the people to parliamentary politics; to some extent,
he was scornful of politicians and political games. He resigned after failing to obtain a majority in a referendum on a reform of the French Senate. De Gaulle believed that a political leader that failed to obtain the confidence of the majority of his people should resign. In that respect, it is argued that Jacques Chirac, in theory a Gaullist, is not a true Gaullist.
Political group
Jacques Chirac, drawn on top of the phrygian cap (normally worn by Marianne).]]
The "Gaullists" as a political group used to refer to the Union des Démocrates pour la République.
Since de Gaulle's death, and the break-up of the UDR, the exact meaning of Gaullism is somewhat unclear. In 1980s-1990s usage, "Gaullism" referred to the Rassemblement pour la République (now integrated into the Union pour un Mouvement Populaire), Jacques Chirac's center-right party. Chirac has, in the past, adopted both dirigiste and laissez-faire approaches to economics; he now has a pro-European (pro-European Union) stance after famously denouncing europeanism in the Call of Cochin. For these reasons, some on the right, such as Charles Pasqua, denounce Chirac and his party as not being "true Gaullists".
There are people on the Left who also call themselves Gaullists. Even socialist president François Mitterrand, who denounced de Gaulle's way of ruling as a permanent coup d'état, was very intent on keeping the nuclear deterrent and asserting France's independence.
See also
- Gaullist Party
Category:Politics of France
Georges Pompidou
Georges Jean Raymond Pompidou (July 5, 1911 – April 2, 1974) was President of France from 1969 until his death in 1974.
He was born in Montboudif, Cantal, France. After his khâgne at Lycée Henri IV, where he befriended Senegalese poet and statesman Leopold Sedar Senghor, he graduated from the École Normale Supérieure with a degree of Agrégation in literature.
He first worked as a literature lycée teacher, then served at the Banque Rothschild & Cie. Later, he was hired by Charles de Gaulle to manage the Anne De Gaulle Foundation for Down's Syndrome (de Gaulle's daughter Anne had the disease). He served as Prime Minister under De Gaulle after Michel Debré resigned, from April 16, 1962 to July 13, 1968. Prime Minister Pompidou was widely regarded as having been responsible for the peaceful resolution of the student demonstrations of May 1968. This led to his dismissal by a jealous de Gaulle.
After de Gaulle's resignation in 1969, Pompidou was elected President of France, defeating Acting President Alain Poher. Though a Gaullist, President Pompidou, was more moderate than de Gaulle, notably allowing the United Kingdom to join the European Community in 1973.
He died from Kahler's disease in 1974 while in office, which shocked most of the public. According to the Constitution, President of the Senate Poher succeeded him as acting president.
Georges Pompidou had one foster son, Alain Pompidou, now president of the European Patent Office.
- Georges Pompidou - Prime Minister
- Maurice Couve de Murville - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Pierre Messmer - Minister of Armies
- Roger Frey - Minister of the Interior
- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing - Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs
- Michel Maurice-Bokanowski - Minister of Industry
- Paul Bacon - Minister of Labour
- Jean Foyer - Minister of Justice
- Pierre Sudreau - Minister of National Education
- Raymond Triboulet - Minister of Veterans and War Victims
- André Malraux - Minister of Cultural Affairs
- Edgard Pisani - Minister of Agriculture
- Louis Jacquinot - Minister of Overseas Departments and Territories
- Robert Buron - Minister of Public Works and Transport
- Joseph Fontanet - Minister of Public Health and Population
- Pierre Pflimlin - Minister of Cooperation
- Jacques Marette - Minister of Posts and Telecommunications
- Gaston Palewski - Minister of Scientific Research and Atomic and Space Questions
- Jacques Maziol - Minister of Construction
- Louis Joxe - Minister of Algerian Affairs
Changes
- 15 May 1962 - Gilbert Grandval succeeds Bacon as Minister of Labour. Roger Dusseaulx succeeds Buron as Minister of Public Works and Transport. Raymond Marcellin succeeds Fontanet as Minister of Public Health and Population. Georges Gorse succeeds Pflimlin as Minister of Cooperation.
- 15 October 1962 - Louis Joxe succeeds Sudreau as interim Minister of National Education
- Georges Pompidou - Prime Minister
- Maurice Couve de Murville - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Pierre Messmer - Minister of Armies
- Roger Frey - Minister of the Interior
- Valéry Giscard d'Estaing - Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs
- Michel Maurice-Bokanowski - Minister of Industry
- Gilbert Grandval - Minister of Labour
- Jean Foyer - Minister of Justice
- Christian Fouchet - Minister of National Education
- Jean Sainteney - Minister of Veterans and War Victims
- François Missoffe - Minister of Repatriates
- André Malraux - Minister of Cultural Affairs
- Edgard Pisani - Minister of Agriculture
- Louis Jacquinot - Minister of Overseas Departments and Territories
- Marc Jacquet - Minister of Public Works and Transport
- Raymond Marcellin - Minister of Public Health and Population
- Jacques Marette - Minister of Posts and Telecommunications
- Alain Peyrefitte - Minister of Information
- Gaston Palewski - Minister of Scientific Research and Atomic and Space Questions
- Louis Joxe - Minister of Administrative Reform
- Jacques Maziol - Minister of Construction
Changes
- 23 July 1964 - François Missoffe leaves the cabinet. He is not replaced as Minister of Repatriates
- 22 February 1965 - Gaston Palewski leaves the ministry and is not replaced.
- Georges Pompidou - Prime Minister
- Maurice Couve de Murville - Minister of Foreign Affairs
- Pierre Messmer - Minister of Armies
- Roger Frey - Minister of the Interior
- Michel Debré - Minister of Economy and Finance
- Raymond Marcellin - Minister of Industry
- Gilbert Grandval - Minister of Labour
- Jean Foyer - Minister of Justice
- Christian Fouchet - Minister of National Education
- Alexandre Sanguinetti - Minister of Veterans and War Victims
- André Malraux - Minister of Cultural Affairs
- Edgar Faure - Minister of Agriculture
- François Missoffe - Minister of Youth and Sports
- Pierre Billotte - Minister of Overseas Departments and Territories
- Edgard Pisani - Minister of Equipment
- Marc Jacquet - Minister of Public Works and Transport
- Raymond Marcellin - Minister of Public Health and Population
- Jacques Marette - Minister of Posts and Telecommunications
- Louis Joxe - Minister of Administrative Reform
- Jean-Marcel Jeanneney - Minister of Social Affairs
Pompidou's fourth Ministry, 6 April | | |
