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Bälinge IF

Bälinge IF

Bälinge IF is a sports club from Bälinge, 10 kilometres north-west of Uppsala, Sweden. The club was established on March 15, 1936. The club is most famous for its women's football team which has participated in the Women's Premier Division (Damallsvenskan) for ten seasons (2004) since it was established in 1978. The team has never won the Swedish championships but it has contributed with players to the Swedish National Team, among these Josefin Öqvist who participated in the 2004 Summer Olympics. Bälinge IF women's football team play their home games at Studenternas IP Stadium in Uppsala, since the sports field in Bälinge town is far too small to host premier games. The team colours are black and yellow. The club is also active in men's football, cross country skiing and table tennis. In the first years of Bälinge IF's history their sportsmen wore blue and yellow dresses, these colors can only be used by a Swedish National Team so they had to switch to black and yellow. Category:Swedish football clubs Category:Women's football (soccer) clubs Balinge IF

Bälinge

Bälinge Hundred, or Bälinge härad, was a hundred of Uplandia in Sweden. Category:Hundreds of Sweden Category:Hundreds of Uplandia

Uppsala

: If you're searching for the Uppsala of Norse mythology, see Gamla Uppsala. Gamla Uppsala Gamla Uppsala Uppsala (older spelling Upsala) is a Swedish City in central Sweden, located about 70 km north of Stockholm. It is the fourth largest city in Sweden with its 130,000 inhabitants; including immediate surroundings, Uppsala Municipality amounts to 180,000. Uppsala is the capital of Uppsala County (Uppsala län), and Sweden's ecclesiastical centre, being the seat of Sweden's archbishop since 1164.

History

Uppsala was originally located a few kilometers to the north, at a location now known as Gamla Uppsala (Old Uppsala). Today's Uppsala was then called Östra Aros. (Old) Uppsala was, according to medieval writer Adam of Bremen, the main heathen centre of Sweden, and the Temple at Uppsala contained magnificent idols of the Æsir gods. After Christianization in the 11th century, the city withstood the Christian forces for an additional 50 years, but eventually the temple was demolished in the 11th century. As a replacement for the heathen gods, Uppsala was made into a strong Christian centre: a bishop was soon consecrated, and in 1164 Uppsala was made into an archdiocese, with the first Archbishop of Uppsala and Sweden was a monk from Alvastra being consecrated Archbishop Stefan. The present-day Uppsala was at that time known as Östra Aros and was a port town of Gamla Uppsala. In 1274, Östra Aros overtook Gamla Uppsala as the main regional center, and when the cathedral of Gamla Uppsala burnt down, the archbishopric was moved to Östra Aros, and the impressive Uppsala cathedral erected. Uppsala is the site of the oldest university in Scandinavia, founded in 1477. Carolus Linnaeus, one of the renowned scholars of the university, lived in the city for many years, and both his house and garden can still be visited. Uppsala Cathedral is built in the Gothic style and is one of the largest in northern Europe, with towers reaching 118 metres. Uppsala is also the site of a 16th century castle of royal roots. The city was severely damaged by a fire in 1702. Historical and cultural treasures were also lost, as in many Swedish cities, from demolitions during the 1960s and 1970s. Despite the lack of understanding of the value of the older buildings at that time, many historic buildings remain, especially in the western part of the city. The arms with the lion can be traced from 1737. It has been modernized several times since, most recently in 1986. The meaning of the lion is not certain but is likely connected to the royal lion, also depicted on the Coat of Arms of Sweden.

Politics

Historically, Uppsala has been a centre both of conservatism and liberalism, both receiving their ideological nourishment from the University. Today, however, the city is divided between left and right and has since 1994 been governed by a coalition of the Social Democrats, the Left Party and the Green Party.

Geography

Situated on the fertile Uppsalaslätten flatlands of muddy soil, the city is featured by the small Fyris River (Fyrisån) flowing through the landscape surrounded by lush vegetation. Parallel to the river runs the glacial ridge of Uppsalaåsen, at an elevation of circa 30 metres the site of Uppsala's castle from which large parts of the town can be seen. The central park Stadsskogen streches from the south far into town, with opportunities for recreation for many residential areas within walking distance. Only some 70 kilometers or 40 minutes by train from the capital, many Uppsala residents tend to work in Stockholm. The train to Stockholm-Arlanda Airport takes only 17 minutes, rending the city easily accessible by air. The commercial centre of Uppsala can best be described as quite compact: While many beautiful buildings remain in the periphery of the central core, especially on the less intensively built western river bank around the cathedral, castle and university, retail commercial activity is geographically focused, if not restricted, to a minor number of blocks around the pedestrianized streets and main square, an area which was subject to large-scale post-World War II metamorphosis during the economically booming years in the 1960s in particular. During recent decades, a significant part of the retail commercial activity has been relocated to shopping malls and stores situated in the outskirts of the city. Alongside with this, the built up areas have expanded in a quite extensive way, and a certain suburbanization has taken place. suburbanization suburbanization

Economy

Today Uppsala is well established in medical research and recognized for its leading position in biotechnology.
- Pfizer (see Pharmacia)
- Fresenius
- Slotts (food manufacturer, including mustard)
- Lindvalls kaffe (coffee manufacturer)

Universities

- Uppsala University
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU, Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, main campus)

Sites of interest

- Uppsala Cathedral
- Uppsala University

Notable natives

- Olaus Rudbeckius
- Carolus Linnaeus
- Anders Celsius
- Jöns Jakob Berzelius
- Anders Jonas Ångström
- Dag Hammarskjöld
- Ingmar Bergman
- Arvid Carlsson
- Hans Blix Of these, Celsius, Bergman, Carlsson and Blix were born in Uppsala

External links

- [http://www.uppsala.se/ Uppsala] - Official site
- [http://www.unt.se/ Upsala Nya Tidning] - Newspaper
- [http://www.ueb.se The Uppsala English Bookshop] Category:University towns
- Category:Cities in Sweden Uppsala ko:웁살라 ja:ウプサラ

March 15

March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). There are 291 days remaining. In the Roman calendar March 15 was known as the Ides of March.

Events

- 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Decimus Junius Brutus and several other Roman senators on the Ides of March.
- 1311 - Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V of Brienne to take control of the Duchy of Athens, a Crusader state in Greece.
- 1493 - Christopher Columbus returns to Spain after his first trip to the Americas.
- 1545 - First meeting of the Council of Trent.
- 1672 - Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence.
- 1781 - American Revolutionary War: Battle of Guilford Courthouse - Near present-day Greensboro, North Carolina, 1,900 British troops under General Charles Cornwallis defeat an American force numbering 4,400.
- 1783 - In an emotional speech in Newburgh, New York, George Washington asks his officers not to support the Newburgh Conspiracy. The plea is successful and the threatened coup d'etat never takes place.
- 1820 - Maine becomes the 23rd U.S. state.
- 1827 - The University of Toronto is chartered.
- 1848 - Revolution breaks out in Pest. The Habsburg rulers are compelled to meet the demands of the Reform party.
- 1877 - The first Test cricket match begins, between England and Australia.
- 1906 - Rolls-Royce Ltd. is registered.
- 1909 - Selfridges department store opens in London.
- 1916 - President Woodrow Wilson sends 12,000 United States troops over the U.S.-Mexico border to pursue Pancho Villa.
- 1917 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia abdicates himself and his son from the Russian throne and his brother the Grand Duke becomes Tsar.
- 1919 - The American Legion forms in Paris.
- 1922 - After Egypt gains nominal independence from the United Kingdom, Fuad I becomes King of Egypt.
- 1939 - World War II: Nazi troops occupy the remaining part of Bohemia and Moravia; Czechoslovakia ceases to exist.
- 1943 - World War II: Third Battle of Kharkov - the Germans retook the city of Kharkov from the Soviet armies in bitter street fighting.
- 1944 - World War II: Battle of Monte Cassino - Allied aircraft bomb the Nazi-held monastery and stage an assault.
- 1952 - In Cilaos, Réunion, 73 inches (1,870mm) of rain falls in one day, setting a new world record.
- 1953 - World contact day
- 1956 - The Broadway musical My Fair Lady opens in New York City.
- 1961 - South Africa withdraws from the British Commonwealth.
- 1963 - Victor Feguer, a Federal prisoner, is put to death at the Fort Madison, Iowa prison. This would be the last execution of a Federal prisoner until the execution of Timothy McVeigh in 2001.
- 1970 - The Expo '70 world's fair opens in Osaka, Japan.
- 1976 - Rock group KISS releases the legendary album Destroyer.
- 1988 - Publication of Marvin Minsky's Society of Mind theory.
- 1988 - The Halabja poison gas attack of the Iran-Iraq War begins.
- 1989 - The United States Department of Veterans Affairs is established.
- 1990 - Gulf War: Iraq hangs British journalist Farzad Bazoft for spying.
- 1990 - Mikhail Gorbachev is elected as the first executive president of the Soviet Union.
- 1990 - The Soviet Union announces that Lithuania's declaration of independence is invalid.
- 1990 - The ethnic clashes of Targu Mures begin on the anniversary of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Habsburg areas.
- 1991 - Four Los Angeles, California police officers are indicted for the videotaped March 3, 1991 beating of motorist Rodney King during an arrest.
- 1991 - Germany formally regains complete independence after the four post-World War II occupying powers (France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union) relinquish all remaining rights.
- 1998 - Titanic defeats Star Wars for the #1 place in the North American domestic box office, grossing $471 million.
- 2004 - Announcement of the discovery of 90377 Sedna, the farthest natural object in the Solar system so far observed.

Births

- 1455 - Pietro Accolti, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1532)
- 1591 - Alexandre de Rhodes, French Jesuit missionary (d. 1660)
- 1638 - Shunzhi Emperor of China
- 1666 - George Bähr, German architect (d. 1738)
- 1684 - Francesco Durante, Italian composer (d. 1755)
- 1713 - Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (d. 1762)
- 1767 - Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States, (d. 1845)
- 1779 - Lord Melbourne, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, (d. 1848)
- 1800 - Heinrich von Dechsen, German geologist and mineralogist, (d. 1889)
- 1813 - John Snow, English physician (d. 1858)
- 1830 - Paul Heyse, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
- 1830 - Élisée Reclus, French geographer and anarchist (d. 1905)
- 1835 - Eduard Strauss, Austrian composer (d. 1916)
- 1854 - Emil Adolf von Behring, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1917)
- 1865 - Johan Halvorsen, Norwegian composer (d. 1935)
- 1882 - Jim Lightbody, American runner (d. 1953)
- 1890 - Boris Nikolaevich Delaunay, Russian mathematician (d. 1980)
- 1897 - Jackson Scholz, American runner (d. 1986)
- 1905 - Berthold Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg, German lawyer and Nazi opponent (d. 1944)
- 1907 - Zarah Leander, Swedish actress and singer (d. 1981)
- 1912 - Lightnin' Hopkins, American musician (d. 1982)
- 1913 - MacDonald Carey, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1913 - Lew Wasserman, American Hollywood agent and studio executive (d. 2002)
- 1914 - Aniello Dellacroce, American gangster (d. 1985)
- 1915 - Joe E. Ross, American actor and comedian (d. 1982)
- 1916 - Harry James, American musician and band leader (d. 1983)
- 1918 - Richard Ellmann, American biographer (d. 1987)
- 1919 - Lawrence Tierney, American actor (d. 2002)
- 1920 - Lawrence Sanders, American novelist (d. 1998)
- 1920 - E. Donnall Thomas, American physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1924 - Walter Gotell, actor (d. 1997)
- 1926 - Norm Van Brocklin, American football player (d. 1983)
- 1927 - Stanislaw Kania, Polish politician
- 1927 - Carl Smith, American singer
- 1930 - Zhores Ivanovich Alferov, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- 1932 - Alan Bean, astronaut
- 1933 - Ruth Bader Ginsburg, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
- 1935 - Judd Hirsch, American actor
- 1935 - Jimmy Swaggart, American televangelist
- 1940 - Phil Lesh, American musician (Grateful Dead)
- 1941 - Mike Love, American musician (The Beach Boys)
- 1943 - David Cronenberg, Canadian film director
- 1944 - Sly Stone, American musician
- 1945 - Mark J. Green, American lawyer, author, and public official
- 1946 - Bobby Bonds, baseball player (d. 2003)
- 1947 - Ry Cooder, American guitarist
- 1948 - Sérgio Vieira de Mello, Brazilian diplomat (d. 2003)
- 1954 - Craig Wasson, American actor
- 1955 - Dee Snider, American singer
- 1956 - Clay Matthews, American football player
- 1957 - Park Overall, American actress
- 1959 - Harold Baines, baseball player
- 1959 - Fabio Lanzoni, Italian model
- 1961 - Ervin Nemeth, Hungarian educator, author, and translator
- 1962 - Terence Trent D'Arby, American-born singer
- 1963 - Bret Michaels, American musician (Poison)
- 1967 - Naoko Takeuchi, Japanese artist
- 1968 - Mark McGrath, American musician (Sugar Ray)
- 1971 - Penny Lancaster, English model and celebrity
- 1972 - Mark Hoppus, American musician (Blink 182)
- 1975 - Eva Longoria, American actress
- 1975 - Veselin Topalov, Bulgarian chess player
- 1976 - Jennifer 8. Lee, American journalist
- 1977 - Joe Hahn, American musician (Linkin Park)
- 1978 - Sid Wilson, American musician (Slipknot)
- 1981 - Young Buck, American rapper (G-Unit)
- 1981 - Mikael Forssell, Finnish footballer
- 1983 - Beth McCarthy, Congressional Hunger Center Fellow
- 1985 - Antti Autti, Finnish snowboarder
- 1989 - Caitlin Wachs, American actress
- 1992 - Sosie Bacon, American actress

Deaths

- 44 BC - Julius Caesar, (b. 100 BC)
- 220 - Cao Cao, King of Wei
- 493 - Odoacer, King of Italy (murdered) (b. 435)
- 1311 - Walter V of Brienne, Duke of Athens
- 1416 - John, Duke of Berry, son of John II of France (b. 1340)
- 1575 - Annibale Padovano, Italian composer (b. 1527)
- 1670 - John Davenport, Connecticut pioneer (b. 1597)
- 1673 - Salvator Rosa, Italian painter and poet (b. 1615)
- 1701 - Jean Renaud de Segrais, French writer (b. 1624)
- 1711 - Eusebio Kino, Italian Catholic missionary (b. 1645)
- 1820 - St Clemens Maria Hofbauer, patron saint of Vienna (b. 1751
- 1842 - Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer (b. 1760)
- 1849 - Giuseppe Caspar Mezzofanti, Italian cardinal and linguist (b. 1774)
- 1891 - Théodore de Banville, French writer (b. 1823)
- 1891 - Sir Joseph Bazalgette, English civil engineer (b. 1819)
- 1898 - Henry Bessemer, English metallurgist (b. 1813)
- 1937 - H. P. Lovecraft, American writer (b. 1890)
- 1941 - Alexej von Jawlensky, Russian painter (b. 1864)
- 1959 - Lester Young, American musician (b. 1909)
- 1962 - Arthur Compton, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
- 1966 - Abe Saperstein, American basketball executive (b. 1902)
- 1970 - Tarjei Vesaas, Norwegian writer (b. 1897)
- 1975 - Aristotle Onassis, Greek shipping magnate (b. 1906)
- 1983 - Rebecca West, English writer (b. 1892)
- 1990 - Farzad Bazoft, Iranian-born journalist (hanged) (b. 1958)
- 1990 - Tom Harmon, American football player and broadcaster (b. 1919)
- 1994 - Mai Zetterling, Swedish actress and director (b. 1925)
- 1997 - Gail Davis, American actress (b. 1925)
- 1998 - Benjamin Spock, American pediatrician and writer (b. 1903)
- 2001 - Ann Sothern, American actress (b. 1909)
- 2003 - Dame Thora Hird, British actress (b. 1911)
- 2004 - Sir William Pickering, New Zealand-born space scientist (b. 1910)
- 2004 - John Pople, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1925)

Saints of the day

- St.Longinus, Roman soldier who pierced the side of Jesus on the cross. [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintl56.htm]

Holidays and observances

- In the Roman calendar, the Ides of March.
- Turkey buzzards return to [http://www.roadmuseum.org/oh__7101.htm/ Hinckley, Ohio].
- International Day Against Police Brutality

External links

- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/15 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.tnl.net/when/3/15 Today in History: March 15] ---- March 14 - March 16 - February 15 - April 15 -- listing of all days ko:3월 15일 ms:15 Mac ja:3月15日 simple:March 15 th:15 มีนาคม

1936

1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

January-March

leap year starting on Wednesday
- January 7-10 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: In the Battle of Ganale Doria, General Graziani attacks troops under Ras Desta Damtew guarding southern Ethiopia; after over three days of slaughter, the Ethiopians break and flee.
- January 15 - The first building to be completely covered in glass is completed in Toledo, Ohio, for the Owens-Illinois Glass Company.
- January 16 - Serial killer Albert Fish executed in Sing Sing
- January 20 - Death of George V of the United Kingdom. His son Edward VIII succeedes him as King of the United Kingdom, King of Ireland and Emperor of India.
- January 24 - Albert Sarraut's government begins in France.
- January 28 - Ismail Kadare, Albanian writer.
- January 31 - The Green Hornet radio show debuts.
- February 4 - Radium E. becomes the first radioactive element to be made synthetically.
- February 6 - The 1936 Winter Olympic Games opens in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
- February 10-15 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Ethiopian units under Ras Mulugeta counterattack southwest of Chalacot in the Battle of Amba Aradam, but are repulsed with heavy losses.
- From February 14, 1936, to March 1, 1945, AG Weser launched a total of 162 U-boats.
- February 19 - Manuel Azaña's government begins in Spain
- February 26 - 1400 Japanese soldiers invade government offices in Tokyo. They demand arrest of general Kazushige Ugaki and that general Sadao Araki made head of the Kwantung Army and death of the Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal, the minister of Finance and Inspector General of Military Education
- February 29 - Emperor Hirohito orders Japanese army to arrest 123 conspirators in Tokyo government offices - 19 of them are executed in July.
- March 7 - A small contingent of German troops, increased considerably in number in the following days, marched into the Rhineland demilitarized zone bordering France.
- March 31 - Second Italo-Abyssinian War: Emperor Haile Selassie personally leads an Ethiopian counter-attack in the Battle of Maychew. A crushing Ethiopian defeat, this is the last major battle of the war.

May-June

Battle of Maychew
- May 2 - Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia leaves the capital city of Addis Ababa for Djibouti, whence he travels to Europe to personally address the League of Nations.
- May 5 - Italians occupy Addis Ababa
- May 8 - Jockey Ralph Neves temporarily dies during a race in Bay Meadows Racecourse in California but dashes back from the morgue to the racetrack
- May 9 - Italy officially annexes Ethiopia.
- May 12 - The Santa Fe railroad in the United States inaugurates the all-Pullman Super Chief passenger train between Chicago, Illinois and Los Angeles, California.
- May 18 - Sada Abe, a Japanese former prostitute, causes the death of her lover Kichizo Ishida from asphyxia while having sexual intercourse. She performs penis removal on the corpse. She wanders the streets of Tokyo for three days with the severed penis placed in her kimono.
- May 21 - The Japanese Police apprehends Sada Abe for manslaughter. She is sentenced to six years in prison but she gains fame from the incident. She would later become an actress.
- May 27 - The first flight by the Irish airline Aer Lingus takes place.
- May 27 - British luxury liner The Queen Mary leaves Southampton on her maiden voyage over the Atlantic
- May 28 - Alan Turing submits "On Computable Numbers" for publication.
- June 3 - Haile Selassie arrives to London in exile.
- June 4 - Léon Blum becomes Prime Minister of France.
- June 11 - Opening of the London International Surrealist Exhibition at the New Burlington Galleries.
- June 15 - Army laboratory explodes in Estonia - 50 dead.

July-September

Estonia
- July - A major heat wave strikes the Midwestern United States, hundreds of high temperature records are set
- July 4 - Last day of the London International Surrealist Exhibition at the New Burlington Galleries
- July 11 - Triborough Bridge in New York City is opened to traffic
- July 13 - Murder of Spanish monarchist Jose Calvo Sotelo
- July 13 to 14 - Peak of July 1936 heat wave. The states of Wisconsin, Michigan, and Indiana all set new state records for high temperature.
- July 16 – George McMahon tries to shoot Edward VIII at the Colour ceremony. Later he tries to claim he was working for MI5
- July 17 - Spanish Civil War: Francisco Franco and other generals attempt a coup d'état, starting a conservative rebellion against the recently-elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain
- July 17 - Franco's forces invade Canary Islands
- July 18 - Troops of Francisco Franco land on Morocco and Barcelona - Spanish Civil War begins
- July 19 - Spain - the main trade union, the anarchist CNT calls for a revolution to defeat the military coup and institute libertarian communism.
- July - British Police end routine armed patrols in London
- August 1 - The 1936 Summer Olympics open in Berlin, Germany.
- August 4 - Ioannis Metaxas bans political parties in Greece
- August 5 - Military coup in Greece - Ioannis Metaxas takes power
- August 14 - Rainey Bethea is hanged in Owensboro, Kentucky in the last public execution in the United States
- August 25 - Lev Kamenev and Grigory Zinoviev were shot by a firing squad
- September 6 - The last surviving thylacine, Benjamin, dies alone in his cage in the Hobart Zoo in Tasmania.
- September 14 - Landslide in northern Norway - 74 dead

October

Norway
- October 1 - Francisco Franco elected Jefe del Estado (Head of State) in Spain.
- October 5 - In Jarrow, England, 200 unemployed shipyard workers begin a march to London to petition the government to create more jobs. On October 31, 197 of them arrive on the Houses of Parliament
- October 7 - Basque representatives in Guernica declare the Basque Republic of Euzkadi
- October 9 - Generators at Boulder Dam (later renamed to Hoover Dam) begins to transmit electricity from the Colorado River 266 miles to Los Angeles, California.
- October 13 - The Jarrow March sets off for London.
- October 13 - Regular ferry traffic begins between Dover and Calais
- October 23 - Legión Cóndor joins the Falangists
- October 25 - Rome-Berlin axis is formed between Italy and Germany.
- October 28 - US President Franklin Roosevelt rededicates the Statue of Liberty on its 50th anniversary.
- October 31 - The Boy Scouts of the Philippines was formed.

November-December

Boy Scouts of the Philippines]
- November 3 - U.S. presidential election, 1936: Franklin D. Roosevelt is reelected to a second term in a landslide victory over Alf Landon.
- November 12 - In California, the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic.
- November 16 - Edward VIII of the United Kingdom announces his intention to marry Wallis Simpson
- November 20 - In UK, new Matrimonial Causes Act permits divorce on the grounds of cruelty, drunkenness, willful desertion, incurable insanity, and being a prisoner on a death sentence
- November 23 - The first edition of Life is published.
- November 25 - In Berlin, Nazi-Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, thus agreeing to consult on what measures to take "to safeguard their common interests" in case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation (Adolf Hitler broke the terms of the pact when he signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact in August, 1939).
- November 25 - Abraham Lincoln Brigade sails from New York City on its way to Spanish Civil War
- November 30 - In London, the Crystal Palace is destroyed in a fire (it had been built for the 1851 Great Exhibition).
- December 3 Radio station WQXR is officially founded
- December 10-11 - Edward VIII of the United Kingdom abdicates
- December 11 - Abdication of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom leads to accession of King George VI of the United Kingdom.
- December 12 - George VI of the United Kingdom accedes to the throne.
- December 12-26 - Men of two of his generals kidnap Chiang Kai-Shek in Xi'an (Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng do it to force him to negotiate a deal with the communists)
- December 30 - The United Auto Workers union stages its first sit-down strike.

Unknown Dates

- Inge Lehmann argues that the Earth's molten interior has a solid core.
- The Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Turkish Straits is signed.
- YMCA Youth and Government program founded in Albany, New York
- Oswald Mosley leads an Anti-Jewish march through London's East End, where it meets with opposition
- Start of the Great Arab Revolt in the British mandate of Palestine (lasting until 1939)
- Jean Piaget (1896-1980) publishes 'La naissance de l'intelligence chez l'enfant'.
- Mordecai Ham begins radio ministry.

Births

January-February

- January 2 - Roger Miller, American singer (d. 1992)
- January 3 - Georgina Spelvin, film actress
- January 10 - Stephen Ambrose, American historian (d. 2002)
- January 10 - Robert Wilson, American physicist and radio astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate
- January 21 - Koji Hashimoto, Japanese film director (d. 2005)
- January 22 - Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (d. 2002)
- January 22 - Alan J. Heeger, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- January 22 - Joseph Wambaugh, American author
- January 23 - Jerry Kramer, American football player
- January 27 - Troy Donahue, American actor (d. 2001)
- January 27 - Samuel C. C. Ting, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- January 28 - Alan Alda, American actor
- January 28 - Ismail Kadare, Albanian writer
- February 1 - Azie Taylor Morton, U.S. Treasurer (d. 2003)
- February 11 - Burt Reynolds, American actor
- February 14 - Andrew Prine, American actor
- February 17 - Jim Brown, American football player
- February 20 - Larry Hovis, American actor (d. 2003)
- February 21 - Barbara Jordan, American politician (d. 1996)
- February 22 - J. Michael Bishop, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- February 24 - Lance Reventlow, English playboy, entrepreneur, and race car driver (d. 1972)
- February 29 - Henri Richard, Canadian hockey player

March-April

- March 4 - Jim Clark, Scottish race car driver (d. 1968)
- March 5 - Canaan Banana, first President of Zimbabwe (d. 2003)
- March 5 - Dean Stockwell, American actor
- March 6 - Marion Barry Jr., Mayor of Washington, DC
- March 7 - Loren Acton, astronaut
- March 9 - Tom Sestak, American football player (d. 1987)
- March 11 - Rev. Ralph Abernathy, American civil rights leader (d. 1990)
- March 11 - Antonin Scalia, U.S. Supreme Court Justice
- March 17 - Ladislav Kupkovic, Slovak composer
- March 18 - Frederik Willem de Klerk, President of South Africa, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- March 19 - Ursula Andress, Swiss actress
- March 20 - Lee "Scratch" Perry, Jamaican musician
- March 24 - David Suzuki, Canadian environmentalist
- March 28 - Mario Vargas Llosa, Peruvian author and politician
- March 31 - Marge Piercy, American novelist
- April 10 - John Madden, American football coach and sportscaster
- April 14 - Kenneth Mars, American actor
- April 22 - Glen Campbell, American musician
- April 23 - Roy Orbison, American singer (d. 1988)
- April 29 - Zubin Mehta, Indian conductor

May-August

- May 2 - Engelbert Humperdinck, British singer
- May 9 - Albert Finney, English actor
- May 9 - Glenda Jackson, English actress and politician
- May 12 - Frank Stella, American painter
- May 14 - Aline Chainé, First Lady of Canada
- May 14 - Bobby Darin, American singer (d. 1973)
- May 14 - Waheeda Rehman, Indian actress
- May 15 - Anna Maria Alberghetti, Italian-born actress
- May 15 - Paul Zindel, American novelist and playwright (d. 2003)
- May 16 - Karl Lehmann, German theologian
- May 17 - Dennis Hopper, American actor and director
- May 22 - M. Scott Peck, American psychiatrist and writer (d. 2005)
- May 28 - Betty Shabazz, American civil rights leader
- May 30 - Keir Dullea, American actor
- June 4 - Nutan, Indian actress
- June 8 - James Darren, American actor and singer
- June 8 - Kenneth G. Wilson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
- June 22 - Kris Kristofferson, American singer, songwriter, and actor
- June 23 - Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece
- June 26 - Robert Maclennan, British politician
- June 28 - Cathy Carr, American singer (d. 1988)
- June 28 - Chuck Howley, American football player
- June 29 - Harmon Killebrew, baseball player
- July 5 - James Mirrlees, Scottish economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- July 6 - Dave Allen, Irish comedian (d. 2005)
- July 23 - Don Drysdale, baseball player (d. 1993)
- July 28 - Garfield Sobers, West Indian cricketer
- August 1 - Yves St. Laurent, Algerian-born French fashion designer
- August 4 - Assia Djebar, Algerian writer and filmmaker
- August 20 - Hideki Shirakawa, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- August 21 - Wilt Chamberlain, American basketball player(d. 1999)
- August 29 - Inga Artamonova, Russian speed skater (d. 1966)

September-December

- September 2 - Andrew Grove, Hungarian-born businessman
- September 7 - Buddy Holly, American singer (d. 1959)
- September 14 - Walter Koenig, American actor
- September 14 - Ferid Murad, American physician and pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- September 24 - Jim Henson, American puppeteer, filmmaker, and television producer (d. 1990)
- October 3 - Steve Reich, American composer
- October 7 - Charles Dutoit, Swiss conductor
- October 16 - Andrei Chikatilo, Russian serial killer (d. 1994)
- October 23 - Barry Sinclair, New Zealand cricket captains
- October 31 - Michael Landon, American actor (d. 1991)
- November 12 - Mills Lane, American boxing referee
- November 19 - Yuan T. Lee, Taiwanese-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- November 20 - Don DeLillo, American author
- November 21 - Victor Chang, Australian heart surgeon
- December 11 - Taku Yamasaki, Japanese politician
- December 25 - Princess Alexandra of Kent
- December 29 - Mary Tyler Moore, American actress
- December 29 - Ray Nitschke, American football player (d. 1998)

Deaths

- January 16 - Albert Fish, American serial killer (executed) (b. 1890)
- January 18 - Rudyard Kipling, British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
- January 20 - King George V of the United Kingdom (b. 1865)
- February 4 - Wilhelm Gustloff, German leader of the Swiss Nazi Party (b. 1895)
- February 19 - Billy Mitchell, U.S. general and military aviation pioneer (b. 1879)
- February 26 - Saito Makoto, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1858)
- February 27 - Ivan Pavlov, Russian psychologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1849)
- February 28 - Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1866)
- March 16 - Marguerite Durand, French journalist and feminist leader (b. 1864)
- March 21 - Alexander Glazunov, Russian composer (b. 1865)
- April 3 - Bruno Hauptmann, German killer of Charles Lindbergh Jr. (b. 1899)
- April 8 - Robert Bárány, Austrian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1876)
- April 30 - Alfred Edward Housman, English poet (b. 1859)
- June 11 - Robert E. Howard, American author (suicide

Damallsvenskan

The Damallsvenskan is the highest division of women's football in Sweden. It is also referred as to the women's Allsvenskan, this term being used alone to refer to the men's division. The division consists of a league of 12 teams. There is a relegation system in place with the Swedish Women's Division 1, which is split into Northern and Southern sections. The two lowest ranked teams in the league are relegated and replaced by the winners of the two Division 1 leagues. The women's division was first held in 1973.

2005 season

The season of 2005 was made up by the following teams:
- AIK
- Djurgården/Älvsjö
- Hammarby IF
- KIF Örebro
- Kopparbergs/Göteborg FC
- Linköpings FC
- Mallbackens IF
- Malmö FF
- QBIK
- Själevads IK
- Sunnanå SK
- Umeå IK

External links

- [http://www.svenskfotboll.se/t2e.asp?p=20572 Swedish Football Association - Damallsvenskan]

2004 Summer Olympics

The 2004 Summer Olympics are officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad (the 28th Summer Olympic Games). The Games were held in Athens over 17 days, from August 13 to August 29, 2004. Planners expected 10,500 athletes (in fact 11,099 competed) and 5,500 team officials from 202 countries. Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance. There were a total of 301 medal events from 28 different sports.

Medal table

For the full list, see 2004 Summer Olympics medal count

Bid and preparations

2004 Summer Olympics medal count 2004 Summer Olympics medal count Athens was chosen as the host city during the 106th IOC Session held in Lausanne in 05 September 1997, (date of the 25th anniversary of the Munich Massacre ) after surprisingly losing the bid to organize the 1996 Summer Olympics to Atlanta nearly seven years before, on 18 September 1990, during the 96th IOC Session in Tokyo. Athens, under the direction of Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, pursued another bid, this time for the right to organize the 2004 games. The success of Athens in securing the 2004 Games were based largely on first, the Athens bids' appeal to Olympic history and the emphasis that it placed on the pivotal role that Greece and Athens played in the promotion of the Olympic Movement, and second, the apparent failure of Atlanta in successfully staging the symbolically significant Centennial Olympic Games in 1996. In the last round of voting, Athens defeated Rome, 66 votes to 41. Cape Town; Stockholm; and Buenos Aires, the three other cities that made the IOC shortlist, were eliminated in prior rounds of voting. Six other cities submitted applications, but their bids were dropped by the IOC in 1996. These cities were: Istanbul; Lille; Rio de Janeiro; San Juan, Seville; and Saint Petersburg [http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/athens/election_uk.asp]. NBC Universal paid the IOC $793 million for U.S. broadcast rights [http://money.cnn.com/2004/08/30/news/fortune500/nbc_olympics/], the most paid by any country. It was the first Olympics since NBC had merged with Vivendi Universal Entertainment; the merger, along with the acquisitions of the Bravo and Telemundo networks, made it possible for the network to broadcast over 1200 hours of coverage during the games, triple what was broadcast in the U.S. four years earlier. Following the September 11, 2001 attacks, concerns about terrorism were much higher. Greece increased the budget for security at the Olympics to €970 million (US$1.2 billion). Approximately 70,000 police officers patrolled Athens and the Olympic venues during the Olympics. NATO and the European Union also provided minor support, after Athens asked for co-operation. When the International Olympic Committee expressed its concern over the progress of construction work of the new Olympic venues, a new Organizing Committee was formed under President Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki. Athens was transformed into a city that uses state-of-the-art technology in transportation and urban development. Some of the most modern sporting venues in the world were built to host the 2004 Olympic Games.

Venue construction crisis

By late March 2004, some Olympic projects were still behind schedule, and Greek authorities announced that a roof would no longer be constructed over the main swimming venue. The main Olympic Stadium, the designated facility for the opening and closing ceremonies, was completed only two months before the games opened, with the sliding over of a futuristic glass roof designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. Other facilities, such as the streetcar line linking the airport, the stadium and the city, were largely unfinished just two months before the games. The subsequent pace of preparation, however, made the rush to finish the Athens venues one of the tightest in Olympics history. The Greeks, unperturbed, maintained that they would make it all along. By August 2004, the Olympic Stadium was officially completed and opened, and the Athens Tram and Light Rail became operational. The upgrades to the Athens Ring Road were also delivered just in time. streetcar.]] The lighting ceremony of the Olympic flame took place on March 25 in Ancient Olympia. For the first time ever, the flame travelled around the world in a relay to former Olympic cities and other large cities, before returning to Greece. EMI released Unity, the official pop album of the Athens Olympics, in the leadup to the Olympics. It features contributions from Sting, Lenny Kravitz, Moby, Destiny's Child, Hikaru Utada and Avril Lavigne. EMI has pledged to donate US$180,000 from the album to UNICEF's HIV/AIDS program in Sub-Saharan Africa. [http://www.star-ecentral.com/music/sleeve/notes.asp?file=archives/sleeve/2004/5/26/26UnityOlymp&date=5/26/2004/2] At least 19 people died during the work on the facilities. Most of these people were not from Greece.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/3920919.stm] Before the games, Greek hotel staff staged a series of one-day strikes over wage disputes. They have been asking for a significant raise for the period covering the event being staged. Paramedics and ambulance drivers have also been protesting, as they want the same Olympic bonuses promised to their security force counterparts.

Mascots

ambulance ambulance Since the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France it has been the tradition to have a mascot for the games; for 2004, the official mascots were sister and brother, Athiná and Phévos (pronounced in Greek, Athina and Fivos), named after the goddess of wisdom, strategy and war and Phoebos the god of light and music, respectively. They were inspired by the ancient daidala which were dolls that had religious links as well as being toys.

Online coverage

For the first time, major broadcasters were allowed to serve video coverage of the Olympics over the Internet, provided that they restricted this service geographically, to protect broadcasting contracts in other areas. For instance, the BBC made their complete live coverage available to UK high-speed Internet customers for free; customers in the U.S. were only able to receive delayed excerpts. [http://www.iht.com/articles/533020.html] The International Olympic Committee forbade Olympic athletes, as well as coaches, support personnel and other officials, from setting up specialized weblogs and/or other websites for covering their personal perspective of the games. They were not allowed to post audio, video, or photos that they had taken. An exception was made if an athlete already has a personal website that was not set up specifically for the Games. [http://www.wired.com/news/print/0,1294,64650,00.html]

Opening ceremony

weblogs. As part of the theatrics, the Olympic rings are seen burning in a pool of water.]] Olympic rings The Opening Ceremony held on August 13, 2004 began with a twenty eight (the number of the Olympiads up to then) second countdown paced by the sounds of an amplified heartbeat. As the countdown was completed, fireworks rumbled and illuminated the skies overhead as fire erupted from a reflecting pool in the middle of the stadium creating a burning image of the Olympic rings. The Opening Ceremony was a pageant of traditional Greek culture and history hearkening back to its mythological beginnings. The program began as a young Greek boy sailed into the stadium on a 'paper-ship' waving the host nation's flag to haunting music by Hadjidakis and then a centaur appeared, followed by a gigantic head of a cycladic figurine which eventually broke into many pieces symbolising the Greek islands. A man was seen balancing on a hovering cube symbolising man's eternal 'split' between passion and reason followed by a couple of young lovers playfully chasing each other while God eros was hovering above them. There followed a very colourful float parade chronicling Greek history from the ancient Minoan civilization to modern times. Minoan civilization Following the artistic performances, a parade of nations entered the stadium with over 10,500 athletes walking under the banners of 202 nations. The nations were arranged according to Greek alphabet making Finland and Philippines among the last to enter the stadium. Based on audience reaction, the emotional high point of the parade was the entrance of the delegation from Afghanistan which had been absent from the Olympics and had female competitors for the first time. The Iraqi delegation also stirred emotions. Also recognized was the symbolic unified march of athletes from North Korea and South Korea under the Korean Unification Flag. The country of Kiribati made a debut appearance at these games and East Timor made a debut appearance under its own flag. Due to the perceived unpopularity of the American-led invasion of Iraq among Greeks, it had been expected that audience members would protest the war during the entrance of the American delegation into the stadium by booing; however, the roar of cheers and applause the Americans received was among the loudest of the evening.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics_2004/3564088.stm][http://www.indystar.com/articles/4/170267-4554-036.html][http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2004/olympics/2004/08/14/bc.olympics.usa.cheers/]After the Parade of Nations, during which the Dutch DJ Tiësto provided the music, the Icelandic singer Björk performed. Björk The Opening Ceremony culminated in the lighting of the Olympic Cauldron by 1996 Gold Medalist Windsurfer Nikolaos Kaklamanakis. The gigantic cauldron, which was styled after the Athens 2004 Olympic Torch, pivoted down to be lit by the 35 year-old, before slowly swinging up and lifting the flame high above the stadium. Following this, the stadium found itself at the centre of a rousing fireworks spectacular.

Closing ceremony

The Games were concluded on August 29, 2004. The closing ceremony was held at the Athens Olympic Stadium, where the Games had been opened 16 days earlier. Around 70,000 people gathered in the stadium to watch the ceremony. The ceremony ended with a variety of musical performances by Greek singers, including Anna Vissi, Sakis Rouvas, Eleftheria Arvanitaki, Alkistis Protopsalti, Marinella, George Dalaras, Dimitra Galani, and Haris Alexiou, as thousands of athletes carried out humorous and symbolic displays on the stadium floor. Before that, the Twelve Girls Band from China sang Mo Li Hua (Jasmine Flower) and the medal ceremony for the last event of the Olympiad, the Men's Marathon, was conducted, with Stefano Baldini from Italy as the winner. A flag-bearer from each nation's delegation then entered along the stage, followed by the competitors en masse on the floor. After short speeches by Gianna Angelopoulos-Daskalaki, chief Greek organizer of the Games, and by President Dr. Jacques Rogge of the IOC, in which he describes the Athens Olympics as "unforgettable, dream Games", the national anthems of Greece and China were played in a handover ceremony as both nations' flags were raised. The Mayor of Athens, Dora Bakoyianni, passed the Olympic Flag to the Mayor of Beijing, Wang Qishan. After a short cultural performance by Chinese actors, dancers, and musicians directed by eminent Chinese director Zhang Yimou, Rogge declared the 2004 Olympic Games closed. A young Greek girl, Fotini Papaleonidopoulou, lit a symbolic lantern with the Olympic Flame and passed it on to other children before "extinguishing" the flame in the cauldron by blowing a puff of air.

Sports

The sports featured at the 2004 Summer Olympics are listed below. Officially there were 28 sports as swimming, diving, synchronised swimming and water polo are classified by the IOC as disciplines within the sport of aquatics, and wheelchair racing was a demonstation sport. For the first time, the wrestling category featured women's wrestling and in the fencing competition women competed in the sabre. American Kristin Heaston, who led off the qualifying round of women's shotput became the first woman to compete at the ancient site of Olympia but Cuban Yumileidi Cumba became the first woman to win a gold medal there. The demonstration sport of wheelchair racing was a joint Olympic/Paralympic event, allowing a Paralympic event to occur within the Olympics, and for the future, opening up wheelchair racing to the able-bodied. The 2004 Summer Paralympics were also held in Athens, from September 17 to 28. Articles about Athens Summer Olympics by sport:

Nations

Articles about Athens Summer Olympics by nation: Articles about Athens Summer Olympics by country grouping:
- International organisations
- European Union
- Central Asia

Venues

Competition venues

Football (soccer) venues
- Kaftanzoglio Stadium, Thessaloniki
- Karaiskaki Stadium, Athens
- Pampeloponnissiako Stadium, Patra
- Pankretio Stadium, Heraklion
- Panthessaliko Stadium, Volos

Non-competition venues

- Eleftherios Venizelos Athens International Airport
- International Broadcast Centre IBC
- Main Press Centre
- Olympic Village
- Hellenikon Depot (Press Transportation)
- Dekelia Depot (Athletes Transportation)
- Vari Depot (Judges/Referees Transportation)

External links

- [http://www.athens2004.com/en/ Athens 2004 website]
- [http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/athens/index_uk.asp IOC page on Athens]
- [http://mutualfunds.about.com/od/news/a/2004_olymics.htm Costs of hosting the 2004 Olympics]
- [http://sports.yahoo.com/oly/news;_ylc=X3oDMTBpa2NlMmlrBF9TAzk2NjUxNzI1BHNlYwN0bQ--?slug=ap-medalpicks&prov=ap&type=lgns Medal picks] by Associated Press beat writers
- Media coverage:[http://search.looksmart.com/p/browse/us1/us317902/us554370/us64028/us282844/us575637/us10125632 LookSmart category], [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics_2004/default.stm BBC], [http://www.cbc.ca/olympics CBC] [http://www.nbcolympics.com/ NBC], and [http://www.sevensport.com.au/ Seven Network]
- Medal count analyses: [http://simon.forsyth.net/olympics.html Medal count by population] and [http://edit.mougayar.com/athens2004 Relative Performance Index] ko:2004년 하계 올림픽 ja:アテネオリンピック (2004年)

Bälinge IF

Bälinge

Uppsala

History

Politics

Geography

Economy

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Sites of interest

Notable natives

See also

External links

March 15

Events

Births

Deaths

Saints of the day

Holidays and observances

External links

1936

Events

January-March

May-June

July-September

October

November-December

Unknown Dates

Births

January-February

March-April

May-August

September-December

Deaths

Damallsvenskan

2005 season

External links

See also

2004 Summer Olympics

Medal table

Bid and preparations

Venue construction crisis

Mascots

Online coverage

Opening ceremony

Closing ceremony

Sports

Nations

Venues

Competition venues

Non-competition venues

See also

External links

Uppsala

History

Politics

Geography