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James Robertson (early American)

James Robertson (early American)

James Robertson was a North Carolina farmer and explorer of the 1700s. He was born in Virginia in 1742, and founded Fort Nashborough, later to become Nashville, then part of North Carolina, in 1779. He represented Davidson County, home of Fort Nashborough, in the North Carolina legislature and had the settlement established as a town, and also established the first school there, Davidson Academy. Category:Nashvillians

North Carolina

North Carolina is a Southern U.S. state in the United States, also considered a Mid-Atlantic state in some cases. North Carolina is one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. It is bordered by South Carolina on the south, Georgia on the southwest, Tennessee on the west, Virginia on the north, and the Atlantic Ocean on the east. The state is named for King Charles I of England (in Latin, Carolus means Charles). The USS North Carolina was named in honor of this state. North Carolina has 3 metropolitan combined statistical areas with a population of over 1 million. As of July 1, 2004:
- Charlotte-Gastonia-Salisbury, NC-SC - population 2,067,810
- Raleigh-Durham-Cary - population of 1,467,434
- Greensboro/Winston-Salem/High Point - population of 1,335,217 Source: US Bureau of the Census Released April 2005

History

North Carolina was originally inhabited by a number of native tribes, including the Cherokee, Creek, Tuscarora, Lumbee, and Catawba. North Carolina was the first American territory the English attempted to colonize. Sir Walter Raleigh, for whom the state capital is named, chartered two colonies on the North Carolina (then Virginia) coast in the late 1580s, both ending in failure. The demise of one, the "Lost Colony" of Roanoke Island, remains one of the great mysteries of American history. Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born stateside, was born in North Carolina. Dare County is named for her. The first permanent European settlers of North Carolina were poor English and Scots-Irish settlers who had failed at establishing themselves in Barbados. By the late seventeenth century, several permanent settlements had taken hold in the Carolina territory, which encompassed present-day South Carolina and Tennessee as well. The Carolina territory was a gift from King Charles II of England to the so-called Lords Proprietors, a group of noblemen who had helped restore Charles to the English throne in 1660. In 1712, North Carolina became a separate colony. With the exception of the Earl Granville's holdings, it became a royal colony seventeen years later. According to legend, on May 20 1775, Mecklenburg County became the first North Carolina county to declare its independence from Great Britain. (No period documentation survives to verify this legend.) On April 12 1776, the colony became the first to instruct its delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for independence from the British crown. The dates of both of these independence-related events are memorialized on the state flag and state seal. On November 21, 1789, North Carolina ratified the Constitution to become the twelfth state in the Union. Between the American Revolutionary War and the American Civil War, North Carolina worked to establish its state and local governments. In 1840, it completed the state capitol building in Raleigh, still standing today. In mid-century the state's rural and commercial areas were further connected by construction of a 129 mile (208 km) wooden plank road, known as a "farmer's railroad," from Fayetteville in the east to Bethania (northwest of Winston-Salem). In 1860 North Carolina was a slave state, however according to the Museum of the Cape Fear, it was only two percent of the population that owned over 99 percent of the slaves in the state. There were also about 30,000 free blacks residing in the state. Somewhat divided on whether to support the North or the South in the Civil War, North Carolina was the last state to secede from the Union in 1861. Governor Ellis, leader of the state at the war's beginning in 1861, famously declared in response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 troops to suppress the "rebellion" that "you can get no troops from North Carolina." However, under his leadership and that of his successor, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance of Asheville, elected in 1862, the Tar Heel State did provide 125,000 troops to the Confederacy, more than any other Confederate state. Approximately 40,000 of those troops never returned home, dead of battlefield wounds, disease and privation. Although few major engagements took place in North Carolina itself, her troops served in virtually all the major battles of the Army of Northern Virginia. The largest battle that occurred in North Carolina was at Bentonville, a futile attempt by Confederate Gen. Joseph Johnston to slow Union Gen. Sherman's advance into the Carolinas in the spring of 1865. Gen. Johnston surrendered one of the largest Confederate armies near Durham in late April 1865, weeks after Gen. Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox, but the final surrender in North Carolina came at Waynesville in Western North Carolina in May, when remnants of Thomas' Cherokee Legion laid down their arms. Today, North Carolina is home to Fort Bragg, near Fayetteville; it is one of the largest and most comprehensive military bases in the United States and is the headquarters of the XVIII Airborne Corps, 82nd Airborne Division, and the U.S. Army Special Operations Command. Next to Fort Bragg is Pope Air Force Base. North Carolina is also home to Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune which, when combined with nearby Marine bases MCAS Cherry Point, Camp Geiger, Camp Johnson, Stone Bay and Courthouse Bay, makes up the largest concentration of Marines and sailors in the world. Over the past century, North Carolina has grown to become a national leader in agriculture, financial services, and industry. The state's industrial output—mainly textiles, chemicals, electrical equipment, paper and paper products—ranked eighth in the nation in the early 1990s. Tobacco, one of North Carolina's earliest sources of revenue, remains vital to the local economy. Recently, technology, research, and banking has become a driving force in the state, especially with the creation of the Research Triangle Park between Raleigh and Durham in the 1950's, along with Charlotte's newfound international status as the second largest banking center in the entire United States. The state is also a center of American motorsports with many NASCAR racing teams and related industries located near Charlotte. In 2005, the state Legislature voted to implement a state lottery, killing North Carolina's reputation as the "anti-lottery" state, where owning a lottery ticket, even from another state, was once a felony. North Carolina has had three constitutions:
- 1776: This one was ratified December 18, 1776, as the first constitution of the independent state. The Declaration of Rights was ratified the preceding day.
- 1868: This was framed in accordance with the Reconstruction Acts after North Carolina was readmitted into the Union. It was a major reorganization and modification of the original into fourteen articles. It also introduced townships which each county was required to create, the only Southern state to do so.
- 1971: This is a minor consolidation of the 1868 constitution and subsequent amendments.

Law and Government

The capital of North Carolina is Raleigh. North Carolina's governor is Mike Easley, a Democrat. Its two U.S. senators are Elizabeth Dole and Richard Burr, both Republicans.

Executive branch

The governor, lieutenant governor, and eight elected department heads form the North Carolina Council of State. Ten other department heads appointed by the Governor form the North Carolina Cabinet. The state's current governor is Democrat Mike Easley. See List of North Carolina Governors

Legislative branch

The North Carolina General Assembly consists of two houses, a 50-member Senate and a 120-member House of Representatives. For the 2005–2006 session, the current President Pro Tempore of the Senate is Democrat Marc Basnight (the Lieutenant Governor of North Carolina is the President of the Senate); The House Speaker is Democrat James B. Black. The prior term's power sharing Co-Speaker arrangement is no longer in effect, as the House Democrats won a decided victory and majority of the seats in the 2004 election.

Judicial branch

The Supreme Court of North Carolina is the state's highest appellate court; it numbers seven justices. The North Carolina Court of Appeals is the only intermediate appellate court in the state; it consists of fifteen judges who rule in rotating panels of three. Together, the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals constitute the Appellate division of the court system. The Trial division includes the Superior Court and the District Court. All felony criminal cases, civil cases involving more than $10,000 and misdemeanor and infraction appeals from District Court are tried in Superior Court. A jury of 12 hears the criminal cases. In the civil cases, juries are often waived. Civil cases such as divorce, custody, child support and cases involving less than $10,000 are heard in District Court, along with criminal cases involving misdemeanors and infractions. The trial of a criminal case in District Court is always without a jury. The District Court also hears juvenile cases involving children under the age of 16 who are delinquent and children under the age of 18 who are undisciplined, dependent, neglected or abused. Magistrates accept guilty pleas for minor misdemeanors, accept guilty pleas for traffic violations, and accept waivers of trial for worthless-check cases among other things. In civil cases, the magistrate is authorized to try small claims involving up to $4,000 including landlord eviction cases. Source: [http://www.nccourts.org/Courts/Default.asp North Carolina Court System official site]

Economy

According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the state's 2003 total gross state product was $314 billion. Its 2003 Per Capita Personal Income was $28,071, 38^th in the nation. North Carolina's agricultural outputs are poultry and eggs, tobacco, hogs, milk, nursery stock, cattle, and soybeans. Its industrial outputs are tobacco products, textile goods, chemical products, electric equipment, machinery, and tourism. Charlotte, the largest city in the state, is also the nation's largest banking presence outside of New York City. North Carolina is also the largest film making state outside of California. Movie studios are located in Shelby, Raleigh, Durham, Charlotte, and the most popular, EUE Screen Gems Studios in Wilmington. Some of the films and television shows filmed there include: Dawson's Creek, One Tree Hill, Cape Fear, Maximum Overdrive and The Crow.

Demographics

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2004, North Carolina's population was 8,541,221. :See Metropolitan_Combined_Statistical_Area The racial makeup of the state is:
- 70.2% White Non-Hispanic
- 21.6% Black
- 4.7% Hispanic of any race
- 1.4% Asian
- 1.2% Native American
- 1.3% Mixed race The five largest ancestry groups in North Carolina are: African American (21.6%), American (13.9%), English (9.5%), German (9.5%), Irish (7.4%). It is probable that most of those claiming "American" descent are descended from the early Scots-Irish settlers who settled primarily in the Piedmont and the mountains. African-Americans are concentrated in the state's eastern Coastal Plain and in parts of the Piedmont Plateau where plantation agriculture was most dominant (See "History"). Until the mid 1860s, North Carolina had more small farms and fewer plantations than adjacent South Carolina and Virginia. These farmers were called "Yeoman" farmers who were non-slave owning, private land owners of tracts of approximately 500 acres (2 km²). North Carolinians of British ancestry are concentrated in the western mountains, coastal areas, and Piedmont areas. Residents who claim American descent are most prevalent in the rural areas of the central Piedmont and most of the mountains. The tri-racial Lumbee Indians, who claim descent from the Lost Colony survivors, live primarily in Robeson County, and the Cherokee Indians live in western Swain County. The state has one of the fastest growing Latino and Asian populations in the country; these populations have nearly quintupled and tripled respectively between 1990 and 2002. 6.7% of North Carolina's population were reported as under 5, 24.4% under 18, and 12.0% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51% of the population.
Transportation

Airports

- Asheville Regional Airport
- Charlotte Douglas International Airport
- Fayetteville Regional Airport - Grannis Field
- Piedmont Triad International Airport (Greensboro/High Point)
- Raleigh-Durham International Airport
- Wilmington International Airport
Major Highways

- Interstate 26
- Interstate 40
- Interstate 74
- Interstate 77
- Interstate 85
- Interstate 240
- Interstate 277
- Interstate 440
- Interstate 485
- Interstate 540
- U.S. Highway 1
- U.S. Highway 15
- U.S. Highway 17
- U.S. Highway 19
- U.S. Highway 25
- U.S. Highway 52
- U.S. Highway 64
- U.S. Highway 70
- U.S. Highway 74
- U.S. Highway 76
- U.S. Highway 117
- U.S. Highway 158
- U.S. Highway 178
- U.S. Highway 220
- U.S. Highway 421
- U.S. Highway 501
- NC 147 (Durham Freeway)
Religion
North Carolina, like other Southern states, is overwhelmingly Protestant, with the largest Protestant denomination being the Baptists. The current religious affiliations of the people of North Carolina are shown below:
- Christian – 88%
- Protestant – 77%
- Baptist – 40%
- Methodist – 10%
- Presbyterian – 3%
- Other Protestant or general Protestant – 24%
- Roman Catholic – 10%
- Other Christian – 1% (Eastern Orthodox, etc.)
- Non-Religious – 11% (atheists, agnostics, etc.)
- Other Religions – 1% (Jews, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, etc.)
Important cities and towns
Small towns/areas with interesting names:
- Bat Cave (in Henderson County, near Asheville)
- Climax (in Guilford County, near Greensboro)
- Frog Level (in Pitt County)
- Frying Pan Landing (in Tyrrell County)
- Fuquay-Varina (in Wake County)
- Kill Devil Hills (in Dare County)
- Lizard Lick (in Wake County, near Raleigh)
- Mount Airy (in Surry County, was the inspiration for Mayberry in the popular TV program The Andy Griffith Show, and is Griffith's birthplace)
- Rich Square (in Northampton County)
- Rockfish (in Hoke County)
- Soul City (in Warren County)
- Tickbite (in Pitt County)
- Welcome (in Davidson County)
Education

Colleges and universities

Professional sports teams
Despite having over eight million people, the disbursement of North Carolina's population over three major metropolitan areas left the state unable to attract any major professional sports league teams until recently. North Carolina remains without a Major League Baseball team despite numerous efforts to attract a team to the state. Although more populous New Jersey also does not have an MLB team, North Carolina is the most populous state without a team from each of the major leagues either within or very close to the state's borders.
Miscellaneous information

- North Carolina state symbols
- North Carolina Award
- List of individuals executed in North Carolina
- List of television stations in North Carolina
- List of radio stations in North Carolina
- List of famous North Carolinians
See also

- North Carolina communities
- North Carolina subcategories
- Order of the Long Leaf Pine
External links

- [http://www.ncgov.com North Carolina government]
- [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/37000.html US Census Bureau]
- [http://www.bluenc.com BlueNC] Multi-author blog about progressive politics in North Carolina.
- Category:States of the United States ko:노스캐롤라이나 주 ja:ノースカロライナ州

1700s

Events and trends

- The Bonneville Slide blocks the Columbia River near the site of present-day Cascade Locks, Oregon with a land bridge 200 feet (60 m) high. The river eventually removes the blockage, but this event is remembered in the local legends of the Native Americans as the Bridge of the Gods.
- The first newspaper to be published in English

World leaders

- King Frederick IV of Denmark (1699 - 1730).
- King William III of England and Scotland (1689 - 1702).
- Queen Anne of Great Britain (1702 - 1714).
- King Louis XIV of France (1643 - 1715).
- Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1658 - 1705).
- Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (1705 - 1711).
- Tsar Peter I of Russia (1682 - 1725).
- King Charles XII of Sweden (1697 - 1718). Category:1700s ja:1700年代

1742

Events

- January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor.
- February 16 - Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington, becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain.
- February 18 - British attack La Guayra.
- April 13 - The first performance of George Frideric Handel's oratorio The Messiah, in Dublin.
- May 17 - Frederick the Great's army defeats Austrians in Chotusitz; later Austria cedes Silesia to Prussia
- May 25 - A battle is fought at Sahay.
- December 2 - The Pennsylvania Journal first appears in print.
- Daniel le Pelley succeeds Nicolas le Pelley as Seigneur of Sark.
- Kingdom of Prussia captures Jihlava.
- Christian Goldbach formulates Goldbach's conjecture.
- Colin Maclaurin publishes his Treatise on Fluxions.
- Anders Celsius proposes the Celsius temperature scale.
- James Bradley succeeds Edmond Halley as Astronomer Royal.
- Henry Fielding publishes Joseph Andrews.
- John Carteret, 2nd Lord Carteret becomes Secretary of State for the Northern Department.
- Rigging of Chippenham by-election causes a political scandal.
- William Pulteney created as 1st Earl of Bath.
- Robert Walpole was elevated to the peerage and thus moved from the House of Commons to the House of Lords, effectively ending his reign as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (see February 16, above).
- University of Erlangen is founded.
- Molde in Norway becomes a city.
- Construction starts on the Foundling Hospital in London.
- Eisenach builds its Stadtschloss (city castle).
- In Peru, Juan Santon takes the name Atahualpa II and begins an ill-fated rebellion against the Spanish rule
- Afghan tribes unite as a monarchy

Ongoing events

- War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748)

Births

- January 8 - Philip Astley, English circus organizer (d. 1814)
- March 10 - Sampson Salter Blowers, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1842)
- April 28 - Henry Dundas, British statesman (d. 1811)
- May 6 - Jean Senebier, Swiss pastor and botanist (d. 1809)
- June 25 - Johann Schweighauser, German classical scholar (d. 1830)
- June 26 - Arthur Middleton, American politician (d. 1787)
- June 28 - William Hooper, American statesman (d. 1790)
- July 21 - John Cleves Symmes, American statesman (d. 1814)
- July 27 - Nathanael Greene, American general (d. 1786)
- September 14 - James Wilson, American politician (d. 1798)
- October 6 - Johan Herman Wessel, Norwegian poet (d. 1785)
- December 9 - Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Swedish chemist (d. 1785)
- December 16 - Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, Prussian general (d. 1819)
- George Chalmers, Scottish antiquarian (d. 1825)
- Joseph Brant, Mohawk leader (d. 1807)
- Francis Nash, American military officer (d. 1777)

Deaths

- January 1 - Peregrine Bertie, 2nd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English statesman (b. 1686)
- January 14 - Edmond Halley, English astronomer (b. 1656)
- February 22 - Charles Rivington, English publisher (b. 1688)
- March 23 - Jean-Baptiste Dubos, French author (b. 1670)
- April 2 - James Douglas, Scottish physician and anatomist (b. 1675)
- April 17 - Arvid Horn, Swedish statesman (b. 1664)
- May 13 - Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (b. 1719)
- May 21 - Lars Roberg, Swedish physician (b. 1664)
- June 18 - John Aislabie, British politician (b. 1670)
- June 27 - Nathan Bailey, English philologist and lexicographer
- July 4 - Guido Grandi, Italian mathematician (b. 1671)
- July 9 - John Oldmixon, English historian (b. 1673)
- July 12 - Evaristo Abaco, Italian composer (b. 1675)
- July 14 - Richard Bentley, English scholar and critic (b. 1662)
- July 19 - William Somervile, English poet (b. 1675)
- August 25 - Carlos Seixas, Portuguese composer (b. 1704)
- September 22 - Frederic Louis Norden, Danish explorer (b. 1708)
- September 27 - Hugh Boulter, Irish Archbishop of Armagh (b. 1672)
- September 28 - Jean Baptiste Massillon, French bishop (b. 1663)
- November 12 - Friedrich Hoffmann, German physician and chemist (b. 1660)
- November 20 - Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat (b. 1661)
- November 24 - Andrew Bradford, American publisher (b. 1686)
- December 31 - Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (b. 1661) Category:1742 ko:1742년 ms:1742

Nashville, Tennessee

Nashville is the capital of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is located on the Cumberland River in Davidson County in the central part of the state. Nicknamed "Music City", Nashville is the home of the Grand Ole Opry, the Country Music Hall of Fame, and many major record labels. Since much earlier times it has been called the "Athens of the South", for its educational institutions and classical architecture. Nashville is also a major hub for the health care and publishing industries. The city of Nashville has a population of 569,891 (as of the 2000 census), making it the second largest city in Tennessee (below Memphis). The population of the entire 13-county Nashville metropolitan area is 1,311,789, making it the most populous metropolitan area in the state. A resident of Nashville is called a Nashvillian.

History

Early history

Nashville was founded as "Fort Nashborough" by James Robertson and John Donelson. Robertson made the trip overland with a small party and arrived on Christmas Day, 1779, selecting a site on the bluffs of the Cumberland River known as French Lick. Donelson, along with a group of several families, came in 30 flatboats and several pirogues down the Tennessee River and up the Cumberland, arriving April 23, 1780.¹ The fort was named in honor of Francis Nash, a Revolutionary War soldier. It was renamed Nashville in 1784 when it became incorporated as a town by the North Carolina legislature. In 1806, Nashville was chartered as a city, and it became the capital of Tennessee in 1843. During the American Civil War, the Confederate army suffered a devastating defeat at the Battle of Nashville. This decisive battle effectively ended large-scale fighting in the Western Theater of the war. Battle of Nashville] After the Civil War, Nashville quickly grew into an important trade center. Its population rose from only 16,988 in 1860 to 80,865 by 1900.² In 1897, Nashville hosted the Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition, a World's Fair celebrating the 100th anniversary of Tennessee's entry into the union. An exact replica of the Parthenon was built for the event. The Parthenon replica is now the centerpiece of Centennial Park. The Great train wreck of 1918 occurred on July 9, 1918 in Nashville when an inbound local train collided with an outbound express, killing 101 people. This was the most deadly rail accident in U.S. history. Tennessee was the state that put the 19th Amendment, allowing women to vote, over the top, and the ratification struggle convulsed the city in August, 1920. On March 1, 1941 W47NV (now known as WSM-FM) began operations in Nashville becoming the first FM radio station in the U.S.

Recent history (post-WWII)

Nashville played a prominent role in the U.S. civil rights movement. On February 13, 1960, hundreds of college students launched a sit-in campaign to desegregate lunch counters throughout the city. Although initially met with violence and arrests, the protesters were eventually successful in pressuring local businesses to end the practice of racial segregation. Many of the activists involved in the Nashville sit-ins went on to organize the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, which emerged as one of the most influential organizations of the civil rights movement. Nashville has had a metropolitan government of a consolidated city-county since 1963, and was the first large U.S. city to adopt this structure. The Nashville Tornado of 1998 struck the downtown area on April 16 at around 3:30 pm, causing serious damage and blowing out hundreds of windows from skyscrapers, raining shattered glass on the streets and closing the business district for nearly four days. Over 300 homes were damaged, and three cranes at the then-incomplete Nashville Coliseum were toppled. It was one of the most serious urban tornados on record in the U.S. As the 21st century opened, a Nashville native rose to national political prominence when Dr. Bill Frist, formerly a transplant surgeon at the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, became majority leader of the U.S. Senate.

Geography and climate

U.S. Senate Nashville lies on the Cumberland River in the northwestern portion of the Nashville Basin. Nashville's topography ranges from 113 meters (370 ft) above sea level at the Cumberland River to 227 meters (746 ft) above sea level at its highest point.³ According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1,362.6 km² (526.1 mi²). 1,300.8 km² (502.3 mi²) of it is land and 61.8 km² (23.9 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 4.53% water.

Climate

Summers in Nashville are moderately hot and humid, with July afternoons averaging 89 °F (32 °C). Winters are chilly and occasionally cold, with lows in January averaging 28 °F (−2 °C). Average annual rainfall is 1220 mm (48.1 inches), typically with winter and spring being the wettest and fall being the driest. Average annual snowfall is about 23 cm (9.1 inches), falling mostly in January and February.⁴

Metropolitan area

Nashville has the largest metropolitan area in the state of Tennessee, spanning thirteen counties. The Nashville metropolitan area encompasses the Middle Tennessee counties of Cannon, Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Hickman, Macon, Robertson, Rutherford, Smith, Sumner, Trousdale, Williamson, and Wilson.⁵

Demographics

The data below is for all of Davidson County, including satellite cities in the county other than Nashville. See Nashville-Davidson (balance) for demographic data on the portion of Davidson County that was formerly the City of Nashville. As of the census of 2000, there are 569,891 people, 237,405 households, and 138,169 families residing in the city. The population density is 438.1/km² (1,134.6/mi²). There are 252,977 housing units at an average density of 194.5/km² (503.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 66.99% White, 25.92% African American, 0.29% Native American, 2.33% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.42% from other races, and 1.97% from two or more races. 4.58% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Nashville's estimated population for 2004 is 572,475 people. There are 237,405 households out of which 26.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.9% are married couples living together, 14.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.8% are non-families. 33.4% of all households are made up of individuals and 8.2% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.30 and the average family size is 2.96. In the city the population is spread out with 22.2% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 34.0% from 25 to 44, 21.1% from 45 to 64, and 11.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 34 years. For every 100 females there are 93.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.8 males. The median income for a household in the city is $39,797, and the median income for a family is $49,317. Males have a median income of $33,844 versus $27,770 for females. The per capita income for the city is $23,069. 13.0% of the population and 10.0% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 19.1% of those under the age of 18 and 10.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. 4.6% of the civilian labor force is unemployed. The following is a statement of the number of people living in Nashville by decades: 1830, 5,566; 1850, 10,165; 1870, 25,865; 1890, 76,168; 1900, 80,865; 1910, 110,364; 1920, 118,342; 1940, 167,402.

Government and politics

The City of Nashville and Davidson County merged in 1963 as a way for Nashville to combat the problems of urban sprawl. The combined metropolitan government offers services such as police, fire, electricity, water, and sewage. The city of Nashville is served by the Metropolitan Council along with the mayor and vice-mayor. The current mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County is Bill Purcell. The Metropolitan Council is the legislative body of government for Nashville and Davidson County. There are 5 councilmembers who are elected at large and 35 councilmembers that represent individual districts. The Metro Council has regular meetings that are presided over by the vice-mayor, who is currently Howard Gentry, Jr. The Metro Council meets on the first and third Tuesday of each month at 7:00 p.m., according to the Metropolitan Charter. Nashville is one of the few major Southern cities that has remained loyal to the Democratic Party. Democrats dominate at every level of government. The congressional district which includes Nashville (currently the 5th District) has not been represented by a Republican since the Reconstruction era.

Economy

Although Nashville is renowned for being a major music recording center and tourist destination, its largest industry is actually health care. Nashville is home to more than 250 health care companies, including Hospital Corporation of America, the largest private operator of hospitals in the world. Other major industries in Nashville include insurance, finance, and publishing (especially religious publishing). The city also hosts headquarters operations for several Protestant denominations, including the United Methodist Church, Southern Baptist Convention, and National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.. Several major motion pictures have been filmed in Nashville, including The Green Mile, The Last Castle, Gummo, Coal Miner's Daughter, and Robert Altman's Nashville.

Fortune 500 companies

- Hospital Corporation of America
- Caremark Rx
- Dollar General Corporation (in Goodlettsville, TN)

Other important companies

- America Service (in Brentwood, Tennessee)
- American Healthways
- American HomePatient (in Brentwood, Tennessee)
- Asurion
- Bridgestone Americas Holding (Bridgestone-Firestone)
- Captain D's
- Central Parking Corporation
- Clarcor (in Franklin, Tennessee)
- Community Health Systems Inc. (in Brentwood, Tennessee)
- Corrections Corporation of America
- Cracker Barrel (in Lebanon, Tennessee)
- Gibson Guitar Corporation
- HealthStream
- Ingram Industries Inc.
- iPayment
- LifePoint Hospitals Inc. (in Brentwood, Tennessee)
- LifeWay (formerly known as the Southern Baptist Sunday School Board)
- Louisiana Pacific
- O'Charley's (casual dining restaurant chain)
- Psychiatric Solutions (in Franklin, Tennessee)
- Renal Care Group
- Shoney's
- Tractor Supply Co.

Education

Nashville is one of the foremost educational centers in the Southern United States. Vanderbilt University, founded in 1873, is Nashville's largest university, enrolling over 11,000 students. Other colleges and universities in Nashville include Belmont University, Fisk University, Lipscomb University, Meharry Medical College, Nashville State Community College, Tennessee State University, Trevecca Nazarene University, and Watkins College of Art and Design. The city is served by the Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools.

Culture

Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools Much of the city's cultural life has revolved around its large university community. Particularly significant in this respect were two groups of critics and writers who were associated with Vanderbilt University in the early twentieth century, the Fugitives and the Agrarians. Many popular tourist sites involve country music, including the Country Music Hall of Fame and Ryman Auditorium, which was for many years the site of the Grand Ole Opry. Each year, the Country Music Association's Fan Fair (renamed "CMA Music Festival" in 2003) brings many thousands of country fans to the city. Other popular destinations include Fort Nashborough, a reconstruction of the original settlement; the Tennessee State Museum; and The Parthenon, a full-scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens, Greece. The graceful State Capitol is one of the oldest working state capitol buildings in the nation, while The Hermitage is one of the older presidential homes open to the public. The Nashville Zoo is one of the city's newer attractions. Nashville was once home to the Opryland USA theme park, which operated from 1972 to 1997 before being demolished to make room for the Opry Mills mega-shopping mall. In addition to Opry Mills, other major shopping centers in the area include CoolSprings Galleria in the southern suburbs, Hickory Hollow Mall in the southeastern suburbs and RiverGate Mall in the northern suburbs. Civil War history is an important to the city's tourism industry. Sites pertaining to the Battle of Nashville and the nearby Battle of Franklin and Battle of Stones River can be seen, along with several well-preserved antebellum plantation houses such as Belle Meade Plantation and Belmont Mansion. Nashville is also the home of the Tennessee Performing Arts Center, where the Tennessee Repertory Theatre makes its home. The Tennessee Performing Arts Center is also home to the Nashville Symphony Orchestra, Nashville Opera, and Nashville Ballet. The Nashville Symphony Orchestra will eventually move to the Schermerhorn Symphony Center, which is scheduled to be completed in September 2006. An interesting note is that more Kurds call Nashville home than any other city outside of the Middle East, according to Vanderbilt University. The city has a large and active Kurdish neighborhood of more than 5,000 in the Nolensville Road area. During the Iraqi election of 2005, Nashville was one of the few international locations where Iraqi expatriates could vote. Like most American cities, Nashville has a mix of many nationalities, ethnicities and religions.

Art museums

Nashville has several arts centers and museums, including the Frist Center for the Visual Arts, located in what was formerly the main post office; Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art; the Tennessee State Museum; Fisk University's Van Vechten and Aaron Douglas Galleries; and The Parthenon.

Major annual events

The most well-known annual event in Nashville is the CMA Music Festival (previously known as Fan Fair). The CMA Music Festival is a four day event in June featuring performances by country music stars, autograph signings, artist/fan interaction, and other activities for country music fans. In September, Nashville hosts the Tennessee State Fair at the State Fairgrounds. The State Fair lasts nine days and includes rides, exhibits, rodeos, tractor pulls, and performances of all kinds. The Nashville Film Festival takes place each year for a week in April. It features hundreds of independent films and is one of the biggest film festivals in the Southern United States. In June, the Nashville LGBT community celebrates gay pride at the Nashville Pride Fest in Centennial Park. In September, the African Street Festival takes place on the campus of Tennessee State University. Other big events in Nashville include the Fourth of July celebration which takes place each year at Riverfront Park, and the Country Music Marathon and Half Marathon which normally include over 10,000 runners from around the world.

Media

Nashville is served by numerous newspapers, television stations, and radio stations. The primary daily newspaper in Nashville is The Tennessean, which, until 1998, competed fiercely with another daily, the Nashville Banner. Although The Tennessean now enjoys a relative monopoly on the local newspaper market, a smaller free daily called The City Paper has recently begun publication. Several weekly papers are also published in Nashville, including the Nashville Scene, Nashville Business Journal, and The Tennessee Tribune. Nashville is home to nearly a dozen broadcast television stations, although most households are served by direct cable network connections. Comcast Cable has a monopoly on terrestrial cable service in Davidson County (but not throughout the entire DMA). Nashville is ranked as the 30th largest television market in the United States. Several dozen FM and AM radio stations broadcast in the Nashville area, including five college stations and one LPFM community station. Nashville is ranked as the 44th largest radio market in the United States.

Sports

Nashville has several professional sports teams, most notably the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League and the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League. Several other pro sports teams also call Nashville home, as does the NCAA football Music City Bowl. Sports venues in Nashville are:
- The Coliseum
- Gaylord Entertainment Center
- Nashville Municipal Auditorium
- Greer Stadium
- Vanderbilt Stadium
- Memorial Gymnasium at Vanderbilt University
- Curb Event Center at Belmont University
- Gentry Center at Tennessee State University
- Allen Arena at Lipscomb University

Transportation

Nashville is centrally located at the crossroads of three interstates: 40, 24, and 65. 440 is a bypass route connecting Interstate 40 and Interstate 24 south of downtown Nashville. The Metropolitan Transit Authority [http://www.nashvillemta.org/] provides bus transit within the city. The city is served by Nashville International Airport, which was a hub for American Airlines between 1986 and 1995 and is now a mini-hub for Southwest Airlines. Although it is a major rail hub, with a large CSX Transportation freight rail yard, Nashville is one of the largest cities in the U.S. not served by Amtrak. The last passenger rail services to the city ended in the 1970s. A new passenger rail system called the Music City Star is currently under development. The plan includes seven legs connecting Nashville to surrounding suburbs. The first leg of the system, which connects the town of Lebanon to downtown Nashville, is scheduled to begin service in early 2006. Legs to Murfreesboro and Gallatin and are currently in the feasibility study stage. Notable bridges in the city are: Gallatin

Notable residents

Some of the most notable people born in Nashville include novelist Madison Smartt Bell, civil rights activist Julian Bond, rapper Young Buck (David Darnell Brown), singer Rita Coolidge, U.S. Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, artist Red Grooms, pin-up model Bettie Page, actress Annie Potts, and soldier of fortune William Walker. Many notable musicians have lived in Nashville including Chet Atkins, Johnny Cash, Amy Grant, Emmylou Harris, Jimi Hendrix, Faith Hill, Alan Jackson, Willie Nelson, Roy Orbison, Dolly Parton, Ernest Tubb, Shania Twain, Hank Williams, Loretta Lynn, and Tammy Wynette. Other notable people who have resided in Nashville include former U.S. Vice President Al Gore, former U.S. President Andrew Jackson, civil rights leader James Lawson, former U.S. President James K. Polk, Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and poet Robert Penn Warren, and talk show host and entrepreneur Oprah Winfrey.

Sister cities

Nashville is an active participant in the Sister Cities program and has relationships with the following towns:
- Canada: Edmonton, Alberta
- France: Caen, Basse-Normandie
- Germany: Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt
- United Kingdom: Belfast, Northern Ireland
- United States: Manchester, New Hampshire The city is also exploring forming a sister city relationship with Girona, Spain.

Notes

- Note 1:
- Note 2: [http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0029/tab22.html U.S. Census Bureau data for 50 largest cities, 1850 to 1990]
- Note 3: Wilson, Charles William. The Geology of Nashville, Tenn. Nashville, 1948.
- Note 4: [http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ohx/climate/normals.htm National Weather Service data for Nashville]
- Note 5: [http://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro-city/List4.txt U.S. Census Bureau: Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Components], November 2004.

References

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External links

- [http://www.nashville.gov/ Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County]
- [http://nashvillecvb.com/ Visitor's Bureau]
- [http://www.nashvillechamber.com/ Chamber of Commerce]
- [http://www.nashvillewired.com/ Nashville Wired]
- [http://www.scnashville.org/door/ Sister Cities of Nashville page]
- [http://www.library.nashville.org/Links/Nashville/historylinks/timeln.html Nashville Timeline] (by [http://www.library.nashville.org/ Nashville Public Library])
- [http://www.fta.dot.gov/library/policy/ns/ns2000/nashcorl.htm Commuter rail plan] Category:Cities in Tennessee Category:Davidson County, Tennessee Category:Nashville, Tennessee Category:U.S. state capitals ko:내슈빌 ja:ナッシュビル

Davidson County

Davidson County is the name of several counties in the United States:
- Davidson County, North Carolina
- Davidson County, Tennessee

Bobo-Dioulasso

Bobo-Dioulasso is een stad met ongeveer 400.000 inwoners, hoofdzakelijk Dioula, en na de hoofdstad Ouagadougou de grootste stad in Burkina Faso. Bobo-Dioulasso ligt in het zuidwesten van het land, in de provincie Houet en is zowel cultureel als economisch belangrijk. Op economisch gebied spelen vooral de landbouwhandel en de textielindustrie een grote rol, terwijl op cultureel gebied Bobo-Dioulasso bekendstaat om de muziek. De naam Bobo-Dioulasso is een samenstelling van de twee belangrijkste etnische groepen die in de stad wonen: Bobo en Dioula. Bobo-Dioulasso ligt aan de rivier Houet.

Geschiedenis

Bobo-Dioulasso werd gesticht als Sya in de vijftiende eeuw. De stad werd in 1897 bezet door de Fransen. Daarna heeft de stad een sterke groei doorgemaakt.

Bezienswaardigheden

De belangrijkste bezienswaardigheden in de stad zijn de Oude Moskee van Bobo-Dioulasso, uit 1880, het vijftiende-eeuwse huis Konsa en een heilige visvijver. Er is ook een museum, een dierentuin en een aardewerkmarkt.

Externe link

- [http://www.mairie-bobo.bf/ Bobo-Dioulasso] – Officiële website Categorie:Stad in Burkina Faso

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