Janet Frame

Janet Paterson Frame ONZ, CBE, (August 28, 1924 - January 29, 2004) was a New Zealand writer. Born in Dunedin and raised in Oamaru, she became one of the pre-eminent New Zealand writers, publishing twelve novels, four collections of stories, and a book of poetry.

Life overview

Frame's education included time at Oamaru North School and Waitaki Girls' High School, then from 1943 Dunedin Teachers College, with part-time study of English, French, and Psychology at the nearby University of Otago. Later she spent much time in London and in North America. In 1947, she was wrongly diagnosed with schizophrenia and admitted herself to Seacliff Mental Hospital. She spent seven years in various psychiatric hospitals, undergoing over two hundred shock treatments. She published her first book, a collection of short stories entitled The Lagoon and Other Stories, in 1951. She was close to having a leucotomy until the book won the Hubert Church Memorial Award. From 1954 to 1955 she lived with Frank Sargeson who encouraged her writing. In 1956, Frame left New Zealand with the help of a State Literary Fund grant. For seven years she lived in Ibiza, Andorra, and England. She served as the 1965 Burns Fellow at the University of Otago, and lived in the Horowhenua. Family background proved important to her in her early published work Owls Do Cry, and forms the hinterland to her autobiographical trilogy: To the Is-land, An Angel at my Table, and The Envoy from Mirror City. Frame won best book of the 1989 Commonwealth Writers Prize for her book The Carpathians. On February 6, 1990 she was made an additional member of the Order of New Zealand. She was also awarded a CBE for services to literature in 1983. In 1990, her book An Angel at my Table was made into a film of the same name by Jane Campion. Several times she has been tipped to win the Nobel Prize in literature, most recently in 2003 when Asa Bechman, chief literary critic at the Swedish daily Dagens Nyheter, predicted that Frame would win. She was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia during August 2003. She died of this disease in Dunedin Hospital on 29 January 2004.

Literary works

Novels (first publication)
- Owls Do Cry, Pegasus Press, Christchurch, 1957.
- Faces in the Water, Pegasus Press, Christchurch, 1961.
- The Edge of the Alphabet, Pegasus Press, Christchurch, 1962.
- Scented Gardens for the Blind, Pegasus Press, Christchurch, 1963.
- The Adaptable Man, Pegasus Press, Christchurch, 1963.
- A State of Siege, Brazillier, New York, 1966.
- The Rainbirds, WH Allen, London, 1968.(Published in the US as Yellow Flowers in the Antipodean Room in 1969.)
- Intensive Care, Brazillier, New York, 1970.
- Daughter Buffalo, Brazillier, New York, 1972.
- Living in the Maniototo, Brazillier, New York, 1979.
- The Carpathians, Brazillier, New York 1988. Stories
- "University Entrance" in New Zealand Listener, 22 March 1946.
- "Alison Hendry" in Landfall 2, June 1947. (reprinted in The Lagoon and Other Stories as "Jan Godfrey".)
- The Lagoon and Other Stories, Caxton Press, Christchurch, 1951 (1952).
- The Reservoir: Stories and Sketches, Brazillier, New York, 1963.
- Snowman Snowman: Fables and Fantasies, Brazillier, New York, 1963.
- The Reservoir and Other Stories, Pegasus Press, Christchurch, 1966.
- You Are Now Entering the Human Heart, Victoria University Press, Wellington, 1983. Children's Stories
- Mona Minim and the Smell of the Sun, Brazillier, New York, 1969.
- Mona Minim and the Smell of the Sun, (New Edition) Random House/Vintage, Auckland, 2005. Poetry
- The Pocket Mirror, Brazillier, New York, 1967.
- "Three Poems by Janet Frame" in New Zealand Listener, 28 August-3 September 2004 Vol 195 No 3355. [http://www.listener.co.nz/default,2490.sm view online]
- The Goose Bath: Poems, Random House/Vintage, Auckland, 2006. Autobiography
- To the Is-Land (Autobiography 1), Brazillier, New York, 1982.
- An Angel at My Table (Autobiography 2), Brazillier, New York, 1984.
- The Envoy From Mirror City (Autobiography 3), Hutchinson, Auckland, 1984.
- Janet Frame: An Autobiography (Autobiography 1-3), Century Hutchinson, Auckland, 1989. Articles
- "A Letter to Frank Sargeson" in Landfall 25, March 1953, p.5.
- "Review of Terence Journet's Take My Tip" in Landfall 32, December 1954, pp. 309-310.
- "Review of A Fable by William Faulkner" in Parson's Packet, no. 36, October-December 1955, pp. 12-13.
- "Memory and a Pocketful of Words" in Times Literary Supplement, 4 June 1964, pp. 12-13.
- "This Desirable Property" in New Zealand Listener, 3 July 1964, pp. 12-13.
- "Beginnings" in Landfall 73, March 1965, pp. 40-47.
- "The Burns Fellowship" in Landfall 87, September 1968, pp. 241-242.
- "Charles Brasch 1909-1973: Tributes and Memories from His Friends" in Islands 5, Spring 1973, pp. 251-253.
- "Janet Frame on Tales from Grimm" in Education, Early Reading Series, 24, 9, 1975, p. 27.
- "Departures and Returns" in G. Amirthanayagan (ed.) Writers in East-West Encounter, Macmillan, London, 1982.
- "A last Letter to Frank Sargeson" in Islands 33, July 1984, pp. 17-22. A new volume of poetry, The Goose Bath: Poems, will be published in March 2006, by Random House (NZ) under the guidance of her niece Pamela Gordon, Denis Harold, Wellington writer Bill Manhire and the Janet Frame Literary Trust in accordance with Janet Frame's wishes.

Trivia

- The original 1951 edition of The Lagoon and Other Stories, and a number of subsequent editions printed using movable type, of her story "Dossy" contain a completely mistaken, out of place line in the third to last paragraph.
- The original title of Owls Do Cry was Talk of Treasure. It was taken from the frontispiece quotation for the book (a quote from The Tempest) and changed by Albion Wright at Pegasus Press, who didn't like the original title.
- She wore a blue and gold (Otago "icon") scarf to the 2001 exhibition of her work in the Hocken Collections, and explained that she had bought it the night before at a supermarket because she felt she should have something new to wear at the Opening.
- Janet Frames was delivered at St Helens Hospital, Dunedin, by Dr. Emily Hancock Siedeberg, New Zealand's first female medical graduate.

References

- University of Otago Magazine, February 2005.
- King, Michael Wrestling with the Angel: A Life of Janet Frame, Penguin Books (NZ), 2000.
- King, Michael An Inward Sun: The World of Janet Frame, Penguin Books (NZ), 2002.

External links

- [http://www.cchr.org/art/eng/page36.htm Citizens Commission on Human Rights - Janet Frame : "An Angel at My Table"]
- [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/01/30/db3001.xml&sSheet=/portal/2004/01/30/ixportal.html Daily Telegraph obituary]
- [http://www.bookcouncil.org.nz/writers/framej.html NZ Book Council Profile]
- [http://www.nzepc.auckland.ac.nz/sounds/soundnz.asp#F Aotearoa New Zealand Sound Archive (scroll down to hear a reading of unpublished poem "Friends Far Away Die"] Frame, Janet Frame, Janet Frame, Janet Frame, Janet Frame, Janet Frame, Janet Frame, Janet Frame, Janet

Order of New Zealand

The Order of New Zealand is the highest locally awarded honour in the New Zealand Honours System. Queen Elizabeth II instituted the Order by Royal Warrant significantly dated February 6, 1987 (Waitangi Day) "to recognise outstanding service to the Crown and people of New Zealand in a civil or military capacity". It was deliberately and explicitly modelled after the Order of Merit and the Order of the Companions of Honour [http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/honours/overview/onz.html]. The order is limited to the Sovereign and twenty members, however there are also additional and honorary members which are not counted towards the limit. The order confers no knighthood or other status, but members of this one-class order are entitled to use the post-nominal letters "ONZ". The Badge of the Order comprises an oval medallion, with the Arms of New Zealand in gold and coloured enamel. Members wear the badge on a red ochre ribbon with white stripes on each edge. The Order has two officers: the Secretary and Registrar.

Current members

- Sovereign: HM The Queen
- Members:
- Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu ONZ DBE (6 February 1987)
- Sir Edmund Hillary KG ONZ KBE (6 February 1987)
- Lady Blundell ONZ QSO (6 February 1987)
- Dame Miriam Dell ONZ DBE JP (6 February 1993)
- Margaret Mahy ONZ (6 February 1993)
- The Hon. Tini Whetu Marama Tirikatene-Sullivan ONZ (6 February 1993)
- Sir Roy McKenzie ONZ KBE (17 June 1995)
- Dame Kiri Te Kanawa ONZ DBE AC (17 June 1995)
- Sir Miles Warren ONZ KBE (17 June 1995)
- Sir James Fletcher ONZ (2 June 1997)
- Dr Ivan Lichter ONZ (2 June 1997)
- The Rt Hon. Jim Bolger ONZ (31 December 1997)
- Ken Douglas ONZ (31 December 1998)
- Dr Clifford Whiting ONZ (31 December 1998)
- The Rt Hon. Mike Moore ONZ (31 December 1999)
- His Eminence Thomas Cardinal Williams ONZ (5 June 2000)
- Professor Alan MacDiarmid ONZ (31 December 2001)
- The Rt Hon. Jonathan Hunt ONZ (31 December 2004)
- 2 vacancies
- Additional Members:
- The Hon. Michael Duffy ONZ (6 February 1990)
- The Rt Hon. The Lord Cooke of Thorndon ONZ KBE PC (3 June 2002)
- Sir Hugh Kawharu ONZ (3 June 2002)
- Dame Catherine Tizard ONZ GCMG GCVO DBE QSO (3 June 2002)

Deceased members

(name followed by date of appointment and date of death)
- Members:
- The Hon. Sir Arnold Nordmeyer ONZ KCMG (6 February 1987) (d. 2 February 1989)
- Walter Knox ONZ (6 February 1988) (d. 1 December 1991)
- Dame Whina Cooper ONZ DBE JP (15 June 1991) (d. 26 March 1994)
- Frederick Turnovsky ONZ OBE (6 February 1988) (d. 12 December 1994)
- Professor Richard Matthews ONZ (6 February 1988) (d. 19 February 1995)
- Henry Lang ONZ CB (6 February 1989) (d. 17 April 1997)
- Dr Clarence Beeby ONZ CMG (February, 1987) (d. 10 March 1998)
- The Very Revd John Somerville ONZ CMG MC (15 June 1991) (d. 5 October 1999)
- The Rt Hon. Sir Thaddeus McCarthy ONZ KBE (6 February 1994) (d. 11 April 2001)
- Professor Douglas Lilburn ONZ (6 February 1988) (d. 6 June 2001)
- The Rt Revd Manuhuia Bennett ONZ CMG (6 February 1989) (d. 20 December 2001)
- Dr Thomas Curnow ONZ CBE (6 February 1990) (d. 23 September 2001)
- Sonja Davies ONZ JP (6 February 1987) (d. 12 June 2005)
- The Rt Hon. David Lange ONZ CH (2 June 2003) (d. 13 August 2005)
- Additional Members:
- Sir Guy Powles ONZ KBE CMG ED (6 February 1990) (d. 24 October 1994)
- HM Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother LG LT ONZ GCMG GBE CC CD (6 February 1990) (d. 30 March 2002)
- Janet Frame ONZ CBE (6 February 1990) (d. 29 January 2004)
- Dame Ann Ballin ONZ DBE (3 June 2002) (d. 2 September 2003)
- Arthur Lydiard ONZ OBE (6 February 1990) (d. 11 December 2004)
- Honorary Members:
- Dr William Hayward Pickering,ONZ KBE (USA) 2003(d. 17 March 2004)

External link

- [http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page499.asp Buckingham Palace page on the Order of New Zealand]
- [http://www.dpmc.govt.nz/honours/overview/onz.html Honours Secretariat page on the Order of New Zealand] Category:New Zealand awards New Zealand, Order of
-

August 28

August 28 is the 240th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (241st in leap years), with 125 days remaining.

Events

- 475 - The Pannonian general Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his capital of Ravenna and appoints Romulus Augustus in his place.
- 489 - Theodoric, king of the Ostrogoths defeats Odoacer at the Battle of Isonzo, forcing his way into Italy.
- 1521 - The Turks occupy Belgrade
- 1542 - Reinforced with at least 600 arquebusiers and cavalry, Imam Ahmad Gragn attacks the Portuguese camp in the Battle of Wofla. The Portuguese are scattered, their leader Christovão da Gama captured and afterwards executed.
- 1565 - St. Augustine, Florida, established. It is the oldest surviving European settlement in the United States.
- 1609 - Henry Hudson discovers Delaware Bay.
- 1619 - Ferdinand II is elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1830 - The Tom Thumb presages the first railway service in the United States.
- 1845 - Scientific American magazine publishes its first issue
- 1849 - After a month-long siege, Venice, which had declared itself independent, surrenders to Austria.
- 1850 - Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin premieres in Weimar, Germany.
- 1862 - Second Battle of Bull Run, also known as the battle of Second Manassas
- 1867 - The United States occupies Midway Island.
- 1879 - Cetshwayo, last king of the Zulus, is captured by the British.
- 1884 - First known photograph of a tornado is made.
- 1898 - Caleb Bradham renames his carbonated soft drink "Pepsi-Cola".
- 1913 - Queen Wilhelmina opens the Peace Palace in The Hague.
- 1914 - The British fleet beats the German fleet in the Battle of Heligoland Bight.
- 1916 - Germany declares war on Romania.
- 1916 - Italy declares war on Germany.
- 1917 - Ten suffragists are arrested when picketing the White House.
- 1937 - Toyota Motors becomes an independent company
- 1943 - In Denmark, a general strike against the Nazi occupation is started.
- 1944 - Marseille and Toulon are liberated.
- 1953 - Nippon Television broadcasts Japan's first television show, including its first TV advertisement.
- 1955 - Black Mississippian Emmett Till is murdered, allegedly for whistling to a white woman and calling her baby.
- 1963 - During a 200,000-person civil rights rally in at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., Martin Luther King, Jr. gives his famous I have a dream speech.
- 1964 - The Philadelphia race riot began.
- 1968 - Riots in Chicago, Illinois, during the Democratic National Convention
- 1971 - The dollar is allowed to float against the yen for the first time.
- 1972 - During the Olympic Games in Munich, Mark Spitz gets his first of seven gold medals in swimming events.
- 1975 - Missionary Armand Doll is imprisoned in Mozambique by Marxist extremists.
- 1979 - An IRA bomb explodes on the Great Market in Brussels.
- 1981 - The National Centers for Disease Control announce a high incidence of Pneumocystis and Kaposi's sarcoma in gay men. Soon, these will be recognized as symptoms of an immune disorder, which will be called AIDS.
- 1986 - Stage of siege declared in Bolivia.
- 1986 - US Navy officer Jerry A. Whitworth is sentenced to 365 years imprisonment for espionage for the Soviet Union.
- 1988 - At an air show in Ramstein, West Germany, three stunt fighters collide; 69 people die.
- 1990 - Iraq declares Kuwait to be its newest province.
- 1990 - The Plainfield Tornado: An F5 tornado hits in Plainfield, Illinois, and Joliet, Illinois, killing 28 people.
- 1991 - A drunk motorman speeds into the Union Square station on the No. 4 line in New York City. The train derails on the curve, killing six passengers and injuring dozens.
- 1993 - A dam breaks in Qinghai, China. 223 die.
- 1993 - 76 die in an airplane crash in Tajikistan.
- 1993 - Ong Teng Cheong elected president of Singapore
- 1994 - First Japanese gay pride march.
- 1995 - A mortar shell kills 38 people in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
- 1996 - Britain's Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, are divorced.
- 1998 - Pakistan's National Assembly passes a constitutional amendment to make the "Qur'an and Sunnah" the "supreme law" but the bill is defeated in the Senate.
- 2001 - Dutch prime minister Wim Kok announces that he will not be available for another term as PvdA party leader or prime minister after the 2002 elections.
- 2005 - A mandatory evacuation is ordered by New Orleans, Louisiana mayor Ray Nagin and Louisiana governor Kathleen Blanco as Hurricane Katrina moved nearer to Louisiana.

Births

- 1025 - Emperor Go-Reizei of Japan (d. 1068)
- 1592 - George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, English statesman (d. 1628)
- 1612 - Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn, Dutch scholar (d. 1653)
- 1714 - Anthony Ulrich II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (d. 1774)
- 1749 - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, German writer and scientist (d. 1832)
- 1774 - Elizabeth Ann Seton, first American-born Catholic saint (d. 1821)
- 1814 - Sheridan le Fanu, Irish writer (d. 1873)
- 1828 (O.S.) - Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer (d. 1910)
- 1849 - Benjamin Godard, French composer (d. 1895)
- 1867 - Umberto Giordano, Italian composer (d. 1948)
- 1878 - George Whipple, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1976)
- 1894 - Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (d. 1981)
- 1897 - Charles Boyer, French actor (d. 1978)
- 1903 - Bruno Bettelheim, American psychologist (d. 1990)
- 1904 - Secondo Campini, Italian jet engine pioneer (d. 1980)
- 1906 - John Betjeman, English poet (d. 1984)
- 1908 - Roger Tory Peterson, American ornithologist and illustrator (d. 1996)
- 1910 - Tjalling Koopmans, Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
- 1911 - Joseph Luns, Dutch politician (d. 2002)
- 1913 - Robertson Davies, Canadian writer (d. 1995)
- 1913 - Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
- 1916 - Jack Vance, American author
- 1917 - Jack Kirby, American comic book artist (d. 1994)
- 1919 - Godfrey Hounsfield, English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
- 1919 - Gyula Várady, Hungarian footballer (d. 2002)
- 1924 - Janet Frame, New Zealand author
- 1924 - Peggy Ryan, American actress (d. 2004)
- 1925 - Donald O'Connor, American singer, dancer, and actor (d. 2003)
- 1929 - Istvan Kertesz, Hungarian conductor (d. 1973)
- 1930 - Ben Gazzara, American actor
- 1931 - John Shirley-Quirk, English bass-baritone
- 1938 - Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada
- 1938 - Maurizio Costanzo, Italian television journalist
- 1941 - Baroness Sybille de Selys Longchamps, Belgian aristocrat
- 1942 - Sterling Morrison, American guitarist (The Velvet Underground) (d. 1995)
- 1943 - David Soul, American actor
- 1943 - Lou Piniella, baseball manager
- 1944 - Marianne Heemskerk, Dutch swimmer
- 1947 - Liza Wang, Hong Kong actress
- 1957 - Daniel Stern, American actor
- 1957 - Rick Rossovich, American actor
- 1958 - Scott Hamilton, American figure skater
- 1960 - Emma Samms, English actress
- 1961 - Kim Appleby, British singer
- 1965 - Shania Twain, Canadian singer
- 1966 - René Higuita, Colombian football goalkeeper
- 1968 - Billy Boyd, Scottish actor
- 1969 - Jason Priestley, Canadian actor
- 1969 - Jack Black, American actor and musician
- 1971 - Janet Evans, American swimmer
- 1979 - Robert Hoyzer, German football referee
- 1981 - Martin Erat, Czech hockey player
- 1982 - LeAnn Rimes, American singer

Deaths

- 430 - Augustine of Hippo, North African saint and theologian (b. 354)
- 1341 - King Leo V of Armenia (murdered) (b. 1309)
- 1481 - King Afonso V of Portugal (b. 1432)
- 1645 - Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (b. 1583)
- 1654 - Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (b. 1583)
- 1678 - John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton, English soldier (b. 1602)
- 1757 - David Hartley, English philosopher (b. 1705)
- 1784 - Junípero Serra, Spanish Franciscan missionary (b. 1713)
- 1785 - Jean-Baptiste Pigalle, French sculptor (b. 1714)
- 1793 - Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine, French general (executed) (b. 1740)
- 1805 - Alexander Carlyle, Scottish church leader (b. 1722)
- 1818 - Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, founder of Chicago
- 1839 - William Smith, English geologist (b. 1769)
- 1900 - Henry Sidgwick, English philosopher (b. 1838)
- 1903 - Frederick Law Olmsted, American landscape architect (b. 1822)
- 1919 - Louis Botha, Boer leader (b. 1862)
- 1943 - King Boris III of Bulgaria (b. 1894)
- 1959 - Bohuslav Martinů, Romanian composer (b. 1890)
- 1965 - Giulio Racah, Israeli physicist (b. 1909)
- 1975 - Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor (b. 1907)
- 1981 - Béla Guttman, Hungarian footballer (b. 1900)
- 1985 - Ruth Gordon, American actress (b. 1896)
- 1987 - John Huston, American movie director (b. 1906)
- 1990 - Willy Vandersteen, Belgian cartoonist (b. 1913)
- 1993 - William Stafford, American writer (b. 1914)
- 1995 - Michael Ende, German writer (b. 1929)
- 2005 - Esther Szekeres, Hungarian mathematician
- 2005 - George Szekeres, Hungarian mathematican (b. 1911)

Holidays and observances

- Hong Kong: Liberation Day (1945)
- Many Christian churches: feast day of Saint Augustine of Hippo.

External links

- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/august/28 BBC: On This Day] ---- August 27 - August 29 - July 28 - September 28 – listing of all days ko:8월 28일 ms:28 Ogos ja:8月28日 simple:August 28 th:28 สิงหาคม

January 29

January 29 is the 29th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 336 days remaining, (337 in leap years).

Events

- 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Pope Christopher.
- 1595 - William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet is probably first performed.
- 1676 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia.
- 1814 - France defeated Russia and Prussia in the Battle of Brienne.
- 1845 - The Raven by Edgar Allan Poe is published for the first time (New York Evening Mirror).
- 1850 - Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.
- 1856 - Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross.
- 1861 - Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.
- 1863 - Bear River Massacre
- 1886 - Karl Benz patents the first successful gasoline-driven automobile.
- 1891 - Liliuokalani is proclaimed Queen of Hawaii, its last monarch.
- 1900 - The American League is organized in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania with 8 founding teams.
- 1916 - World War I: Paris is first bombed by German zeppelins .
- 1929 - The Seeing Eye Dog organization is formed.
- 1933 - President of Germany Paul von Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Chancellor of Germany.
- 1936 - The first inductees into the Baseball Hall of Fame are announced.
- 1944 - The battleship USS Missouri is launched.
- 1944 - World War II: The Battle of Cisterna takes place in central Italy.
- 1944 - World War II: About 300 men, women, and children die in the Massacre in Koniuchy in Poland.
- 1959 - Sleeping Beauty, the last animated feature produced by Walt Disney to be based upon a fairy tale, was first released.
- 1963 - First inductees into the Pro Football Hall of Fame are announced.
- 1964 - 1964 Winter Olympic Games open in Innsbruck, Austria.
- 1958 - Police capture Charles Starkweather in Wyoming.
- 1966 - The first of 608 performances of Sweet Charity opens at the Palace Theatre in New York City.
- 1986 - Yoweri Museveni is sworn in as President of Uganda.
- 1990 - The trial of the former skipper of the Exxon Valdez, Joseph Hazelwood, begins in Anchorage, Alaska. He is accused of negligence that resulted in America's worst oil spill.
- 1995 - Super Bowl XXIX: The San Francisco 49ers defeat the San Diego Chargers 49-26 and become the first NFL team to win five Super Bowl titles.
- 1996 - President Jacques Chirac announces a "definitive end" to French nuclear testing.
- 1996 - La Fenice, Venice's opera house, is destroyed by fire.
- 1996 - First release of Duke Nukem 3D.
- 1998 - In Birmingham, Alabama, a bomb explodes at an abortion clinic, killing one and severely wounding another. Serial bomber Eric Robert Rudolph is suspected as the culprit.
- 2001 - Thousands of student protesters in Indonesia storm parliament and demand that President Abdurrahman Wahid resign due to alleged involvement in corruption scandals.
- 2002 - In his State of the Union Address, United States President George W. Bush describes "regimes that sponsor terror" as an Axis of Evil.
- 2004 - A whale explodes in the town of Tainan, Taiwan. A build-up of gas in the decomposing 56-foot long Sperm whale is suspected of causing the explosion.

Births

- 1584 - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange (d. 1647)
- 1632 - Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (d. 1703)
- 1688 - Emanuel Swedenborg, Swedish scientist and philosopher (d. 1772)
- 1711 - Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (d. 1788)
- 1715 - Georg Christoph Wagenseil, Austrian composer (d. 1777)
- 1717 - Jeffrey Amherst, British military leader (d. 1797)
- 1718 - Paul Rabaut, French Huguenot pastor (d. 1794)
- 1737 - Thomas Paine, American patriot (d. 1809)
- 1749 - King Christian VII of Denmark (d. 1808)
- 1754 - Moses Cleaveland, founder of the city of Cleveland (d. 1806)
- 1782 - Daniel Auber, French composer (d. 1871)
- 1843 - William McKinley, 25th President of the United States (d. 1901)
- 1860 - Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (d. 1904)
- 1862 - Frederick Delius, English composer (d. 1934)
- 1866 - Romain Rolland, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1944)
- 1874 - John D. Rockefeller Jr., American entrepreneur (d. 1960)
- 1876 - Havergal Brian, British composer (d. 1972)
- 1880 - W.C. Fields, American actor (d. 1946)
- 1885 - Leadbelly, American musician (d. 1949)
- 1891 - Elizaveta Gerdt, Russian ballerina (d. 1975)
- 1905 - Barnett Newman, American painter (d. 1970)
- 1911 - Peter von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1986)
- 1913 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
- 1915 - Victor Mature, American actor (d. 1999)
- 1918 - John Forsythe, American actor
- 1923 - Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)
- 1923 - Ivo Robic, Croatian singer and songwriter (d. 2000)
- 1924 - Luigi Nono, Italian composer (d. 1990)
- 1926 - Franco Cerri, Italian musician
- 1926 - Abdus Salam, Pakistani physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
- 1927 - Edward Abbey, American environmentalist (d. 1989)
- 1928 - Lee Shau Kee, Hong Kong SAR property developer
- 1929 - Gordon Solie, wrestling announcer (d. 2000)
- 1932 - Tommy Taylor, English footballer (d. 1958)
- 1939 - Germaine Greer, Australian feminist writer
- 1940 - Katharine Ross, American actress
- 1942 - Claudine Longet, French singer and dancer
- 1945 - Tom Selleck, American actor
- 1947 - Linda B. Buck, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1948 - Marc Singer, Canadian actor
- 1950 - Ann Jillian, American actress
- 1950 - Jody Scheckter, South African race car driver
- 1952 - Tommy Ramone, Hungarian-born musician and record producer (The Ramones)
- 1954 - Richard 'Handsome Dick' Manitoba - American born rock singer, radio dj.
- 1954 - Oprah Winfrey, American actress, talk show host, producer, and publisher
- 1960 - Gia Carangi, American model (d. 1986)
- 1960 - Sean Kerly, British field hockey player
- 1960 - Greg Louganis, American diver
- 1960 - Steve Sax, American baseball player
- 1960 - J. G. Thirlwell, Australian-born musician
- 1962 - Nicholas Turturro, American actor
- 1964 - Andre Reed, American football player
- 1965 - Dominik Hasek, Czech hockey player
- 1966 - Romário, Brazilian footballer
- 1968 - Edward Burns, American actor
- 1969 - Thomas Jane, American actor
- 1970 - Heather Graham, American actress
- 1970 - Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, Indian shooter
- 1973 - Jason Schmidt, baseball player
- 1975 - Sara Gilbert, American actress
- 1979 - Sui Feifei, Chinese basketball player
- 1981 - Jonny Lang, American musician

Deaths

- 1119 - Pope Gelasius II
- 1342 - Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1279)
- 1597 - Elias Ammerbach, German organist (b. 1530)
- 1608 - Frederick I, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1557)
- 1647 - Francis Meres, English writer (b. 1565)
- 1676 - Tsar Alexis I of Russia (b. 1629)
- 1678 - Jeronimo Lobo, Portuguese Jesuit missionary (b. 1593)
- 1706 - Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet and courtier (b. 1638)
- 1730 - Tsar Peter II of Russia (b. 1715)
- 1737 - George Hamilton, 1st Earl of Orkney, British soldier (b. 1666)
- 1743 - Cardinal André-Hercule de Fleury, Bishop of Fréjus, chief minister under Louis XV of France (b. 1653)
- 1763 - Louis Racine, French poet (b. 1692)
- 1820 - King George III of the United Kingdom (b. 1738)
- 1829 - Paul François Jean Nicolas Barras, French politician (b. 1755)
- 1870 - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1797)
- 1906 - King Christian IX of Denmark (b. 1818)
- 1928 - Douglas Haig, British soldier (b. 1861)
- 1933 - Sara Teasdale, American poet (b. 1884)
- 1934 - Fritz Haber, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1868)
- 1946 - Harry Hopkins, American politician (b. 1890)
- 1951 - Frank Tarrant, Australian cricketer (b. 1880)
- 1956 - H. L. Mencken, American journalist (b. 1880)
- 1962 - Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist (b. 1875)
- 1963 - Robert Frost, American poet (b. 1874)
- 1964 - Alan Ladd, American actor (b. 1913)
- 1969 - Allen Dulles, American Central Intelligence Agency director (b. 1893)
- 1970 - Basil Liddell Hart, British military historian (b. 1895)
- 1977 - Buster Nupen, South African cricketer (b. 1902)
- 1977 - Freddie Prinze, American actor and comedian (b. 1954)
- 1980 - Jimmy Durante, American actor, singer, and comedian (b. 1893)
- 1986 - Leif Erickson, American actor (b. 1911)
- 1989 - Halina Konopacka Polish athlete (b. 1900)
- 1991 - Yasushi Inoue, Japanese historian (b. 1907)
- 1992 - Willie Dixon, American composer and musician (b. 1915)
- 1998 - Joseph Alioto, Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1916)
- 1999 - Lili St. Cyr, American dancer (b. 1918)
- 2002 - Dick "Night Train" Lane, American football player (b. 1928)
- 2002 - Harold Russell, Canadian-born actor (b. 1914)
- 2003 - Frank Moss, U.S. Senator from Utah (b. 1911)
- 2004 - M. M. Kaye, British writer (b. 1908)
- 2004 - Joe Viterelli, American actor (b. 1937)
- 2005 - Eric Griffiths, Welsh guitarist (The Quarrymen) (b. 1940)

External links

- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/29 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20050129.html The New York Times: On This Day] ---- January 28 - January 30 - December 29 - February 29 — listing of all days ko:1월 29일 ms:29 Januari ja:1月29日 simple:January 29 th:29 มกราคม

2004

2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. It was designated the:
- International Year of Rice (by the United Nations)
- International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its Abolition (by UNESCO)
- 2004 World Health Day topic was Road Safety (by World Health Organization)
- Year of the Monkey (by the Chinese calendar) See the world in 2004 for a description of the state of the world in this year. See also Wikipedia's almanac of events for this year.
Events

January

- January 1 - Pervez Musharraf gets a vote of confidence from an electoral college consisting of Parliament and the provincial assemblies, confirming him as President of Pakistan until 2007.
- January 3 - Flash Airlines Flight 604 crashes into the Red Sea off the coast of Egypt, killing all 148 aboard.
- January 4 - Mikhail Saakashvili wins the presidential elections in Georgia.
- January 4 -NASA's MER-A (Spirit) lands on Mars.
- January 8 - Queen Elizabeth II christens the RMS Queen Mary 2 cruise liner, currently the largest ocean liner in the world.
- January 13 - An Uzbekistan Airways plane crashes in Uzbekistan's capital of Tashkent, killing 37.
- January 22 - The European Union bans the import of poultry from Thailand, as bird flu spreads throughout Southeast Asia.
- January 24 - NASA's MER-B (Opportunity) lands on Mars.
- January 27 - The British government narrowly wins a House of Commons vote on the proposed introduction of tuition top-up fees in British universities.
- January 28 - The findings of the Hutton Inquiry are published in London. The British Government is found not to have falsified information in the "sexed up dossier". The report criticises the BBC's role in the death of David Kelly, a weapons expert on Iraq.
- January 28 - At a hearing of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States, it is revealed that the September 11, 2001, terrorists used Mace (a brand of tear gas) or pepper spray in overpowering the flight crew of American Airlines Flight 11.
February

- February 1 - A hajj stampede in Mina, Saudi Arabia, kills 251 pilgrims.
- February 3 - The CIA admits that there was no imminent threat from weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
- February 6 - A suicide bomber kills 41 people on a metro car in Moscow.
- February 7 - Several leaders of Abnaa el-Balad arrested in Israel.
- February 10 - At least 50 people killed in a car bomb attack on a police recruitment centre south of Baghdad.
- February 10 - The French National Assembly votes to pass a law banning religious items and clothing from schools.
- February 12 - Same sex marriage in the United States: The City and County of San Francisco begins issuing marriage licenses to same-sex couples as an act of civil disobedience.
- February 13 - Scientists in South Korea announce the cloning of 30 human embryos.
- February 14 - Riots break out between New South Wales Police and Aboriginal residents of Redfern, a suburb of Sydney, Australia.
- February 18 - A train carrying a convoy of petrol, fertiliser, and sulfur derails and explodes in Iran, killing 320 people.
- February 20 - Conservatives win a majority in the Iranian parliament election.
- February 24 - 6.5 Richter scale earthquake in Northern Morocco hits in the Rif mountains near the city of Al Hoceima - over 400 dead. Ait Kamara is destroyed. 517 dead.
- February 25- Ash Wednesday. Also, the religious docudrama, The Passion of the Christ was released.
- February 26 - The United States lifts a ban on travel to Libya, ending travel restrictions to the nation that had lasted for 23 years.
- February 26 - Macedonian President Boris Trajkovski is killed in a plane crash near Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- February 29 - 2004 Haiti rebellion: Jean-Bertrand Aristide resigns as president of Haiti. The chief justice of the Haitian Supreme Court, Boniface Alexandre, is sworn in as interim president.
- February 29 - The film The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King directed by Peter Jackson wins 11 Academy Awards in every category it was nominated.
March

- March 2 - John Kerry effectively clinches the 2004 U.S. Democratic Party presidential nomination by winning nine out of 10 "Super Tuesday" primaries and caucuses.
- March 2 - NASA announces that the Mars rover MER-B (Opportunity), has confirmed that the area of Mars they landed in was once drenched in water.
- March 10 - Five British men released from detention at Camp Delta, Guantanamo Bay land at RAF Brize Norton. Four are immediately arrested for questioning.
- March 11 - Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid kill 190 people.
- March 12 - Following the terrorist attacks in Madrid on March 11, millions of protesters take to the streets of Spanish cities against terrorism.
- March 14 - Two suicide bombers kill eleven Israeli civilians in Ashdod, Israel.
- March 14 - The Spanish parliamentary elections of 2004 take place. The incumbent government led by José María Aznar is defeated by the Socialist José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero.
- March 14 - Presidential elections in Russia are held. Vladimir Putin easily wins a second term.
- March 15 - A trio of astronomers announce they have discovered a large trans-Neptunian object, the largest object found in the solar system since Pluto was discovered in 1930. Initially designated 2003 VB₁₂, it was named 90377 Sedna in late September.
- March 15 - The new Spanish government announces that it will withdraw Spain's 1,300 troops in Iraq.
- March 17 - Organized violence breaks out over two days in Kosovo. Nineteen people are killed, 139 Serbian homes are burned, schools and businesses are vandalized, and over 30 orthodox monasteries and churches are burned and destroyed.
- March 19 - The UN launches a corruption investigation due to the scandal over its Iraqi Oil for Food program.
- March 20 - President Chen Shui-bian wins the Taiwanese presidential election by 0.2% of the vote. The day before, he and Vice President Annette Lu were 'shot'. Lien Chan refuses to concede and demands a recount. A controversial 'peace referendum' opposed by the People's Republic of China is invalidated.
- March 21 - The 2004 Malaysian general election takes place. The incumbent Barisan Nasional party wins 198 out of 219 seats in the Malaysian Parliament.
- March 21 - Tony Saca is elected President of El Salvador (inauguration June 1).
- March 22 - Palestinians protest in the streets after an Israeli helicopter gunship fires a missile at the entourage of Ahmed Yassin in Gaza City, killing Yassin and 7 others.
- March 25 - British Prime Minister Tony Blair visits Libyan leader Colonel Muammar al-Qaddafi, in return for the dismantling of Libya's WMD programme in December 2003 - the first time a major western leader has visited the nation in several decades.
- March 28 - In France, the government of Prime Minister Jean-Pierre Raffarin suffers a stunning and unprecedented defeat in regional elections. The first ever South Atlantic Hurricane makes landfall in South Brazil on the state of Santa Catarina, the Hurricane is dubbed Hurricane Catarina.
- March 29 - The Republic of Ireland bans smoking in all enclosed work places including: restaurants, pubs and bars.
- March 29 - Largest expansion of NATO to date, allowing Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia into the organization.
- March 31 - Four American private military contractors working for Blackwater USA, are killed and their bodies mutilated after being ambushed in Fallujah, Iraq.
April

- April 1 - Faroese Prime Minister's Office announces that from then on the Prime Minister and the Prime Minister's Office would use a new version of the Faroese Coat of Arms. The colours were inspired from the Merkið (flag) and yellow/gold was added. The new Coat of Arms depicts a Ram on a blue shield ready to defend. It can be used by the Government Ministries and by Faroese embassies, but some still use older versions of the Coat of Arms. Coat of Arms
- April 3 - A bomb explosion in a Madrid flat kills a Spanish policeman and five terrorists suspected of responsibility for the Madrid train bombings on March 11.
- April 4 - Serious fighting breaks out in Najaf, Sadr City, and Basra in Iraq as Shia insurgents supporting Muqtada al-Sadr rise against coalition forces.
- April 5 - Queen Elizabeth II begins a state visit to France to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Entente Cordiale.
- April 8 - Darfur conflict: The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement is signed by the Sudanese government and two rebel groups.
- April 8 - Three Japanese citizens are taken hostage in Iraq.
- April 8 - Former Japanese famous economist, professor at Waseda University graduate school Kazuhide Uekusa was arrested on the escalator of JR Shinagawa Station because of trying to peep under high school girl's skirt with his hand mirror.
- April 16 - India defeats Pakistan in their first cricket tour in 14 years.
- April 17 - Israeli helicopters fire missiles at a convoy of vehicles in the Gaza Strip, killing the Gaza leader of Hamas, Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi.
- April 20 - In Iraq, 12 mortars were fired on Abu Ghraib Prison by insurgents. Twenty two detainees were killed and 92 wounded. [http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2004-04-20-iraq_x.htm]
- April 21 - Mordechai Vanunu, who revealed an Israeli nuclear weapons programme in the 1980s, is released from prison in Israel after an 18 year term for treason.
- April 22 - Two trains carrying explosives and fuel collide in the North Korean town of Ryongchon, killing 161 people, injuring 1,300 and destroying thousands of homes.
- April 22 - The last coal mine in France closes, ending nearly 300 years of coal mining.
- April 25 - Referenda on a United Nations plan, which proposes to re-unite the island of Cyprus, take place in both the Greek and Turkish parts. Although the Turks vote in favour, the Greeks reject the proposal.
- April 28 - Abuse of prisoners at the Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq is revealed on the television show 60 Minutes II.
May

- May 1 - the largest expansion to date of the European Union takes place, extending the Union by 10 member-states: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Malta and Cyprus.
- May 6 - The final episode of Friends airs on NBC, drawing an estimated 52 million viewers in North America.
- May 8 - Would-be "Saudi Princess" "Antoinette Millard" surfaces in New York City and claims that muggers had stolen jewels worth of $262.000 from her (she later proves to be an impostor).
- May 9 - Chechen president Akhmad Kadyrov is killed by landmine placed under a VIP stage during a World War II memorial parade in Grozny.
- May 9 - Team of Canada won the World Ice Hockey Championship in Prague.
- May 10 - The 2004 Philippine presidential and legislative elections take place. Incumbent president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo wins the presidency.
- May 11 - An explosion destroys a plastics factory in Glasgow, UK, killing nine people and injuring over a hundred.
- May 12 - An American civilian contractor in Iraq, Nick Berg, is shown being decapitated by a group allegedly linked to al-Qaida on a web-distributed video.
- May 13 - In India, the Congress Party wins a surprise victory in the elections to the Lok Sabha.
- May 14 - Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, marries Australian Mary Donaldson in Copenhagen.
- May 17 - Ezzedine Salim, holder of the rotating leadership of the Iraqi Governing Council, is killed in a bomb blast in Baghdad.
- May 17 - Massachusetts legalizes same-sex marriage in compliance with a ruling from the state's Supreme Judicial Court (Goodridge v. Department of Public Health).
- May 19 - Tony Blair is hit with a purple flour bomb in the chamber of the House of Commons during a session of Prime Minister's Questions.
- May 19 - Jeremy Sivits pleads guilty in a court-martial in connection with alleged abuse of Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad.
- May 23 - A section of the ceiling in Terminal 2E at Paris's Charles de Gaulle International Airport collapses, claiming at least six lives.
- May 23 - Japanese prime minister Junichiro Koizumi visits North Korea to secure the release of the families of the nine abducted Japanese citizens returned earlier.
- May 26 - Terry Nichols is convicted by an Oklahoma state court on murder charges stemming from the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing.
- May 29 - Dedication of the National World War II Memorial takes place in Washington, DC.
- May 30 - Thousands of people in Hong Kong take to the streets to commemorate the 15th anniversary of the Tiananmen Square massacre.
June

- June 1 - Twelve-year-old Satomi Mitarai, a Japanese schoolgirl attending Okubo Elementary School in Sasebo, Japan is murdered. Her killer, an 11-year-old classmate identified by Japanese authorities as "Girl A", becomes the basis for the Nevada-tan Internet meme.
- June 4 - Marvin Heemeyer destroys many local buildings with a home-made tank in Grancby, Colorado
- June 5 - Former President of the United States, Ronald Reagan, dies at age 93.
- June 6 - The 60th anniversary of D-Day is remembered by world leaders.
- June 7 - Tampa Bay Lightning defeat Calgary Flames in 2004 Stanley Cup Finals.
- June 8 - The first transit of Venus since 1882 occurs; the next one will occur in 2012.
- June 8 - The G8 Summit takes place over the next 2 days on Sea Island, in Georgia, USA.
- June 8 - The pickled heart of Louis XVII of France is buried in the royal crypt at Saint-Denis.
- June 11 - Terry Nichols is spared the death penalty by an Oklahoma state court on murder charges stemming from the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing. The decision came on the third anniversary of the execution of his co-defendant, Timothy James McVeigh, in Terre Haute, Indiana.
- June 11 - After the first presidential state funeral since 1973, President Ronald Wilson Reagan is laid to rest at Simi Valley, California, at the site of the Reagan Presidential Library.
- June 12 - A 1.3 kg chondrite type meteorite struck a house in Ellerslie, New Zealand causing serious damage but no injuries.Ellerslie, New Zealand
- June 15 - The Detroit Pistons upset the heavily favored Los Angeles Lakers to win