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Jerry Fodor

Jerry Fodor

Jerry Alan Fodor (born 1935) is a philosopher at Rutgers University, New Jersey. Fodor is a major proponent of functionalism and opponent of inferential role semantics. He is the author of many groundbreaking books in the fields of philosophy of mind and cognitive science, where he laid the groundwork for the modularity of mind and the language of thought thesis. Fodor is also well known for his arguments against reductionism.

Books


- Hume Variations, Oxford University Press, 2003.
- The Compositionality Papers , (with E. Lepore), Oxford University Press 2002.
- The Mind Doesn't Work That Way: The Scope and Limits of Computational Psychology, MIT Press, 2000.
- In Critical Condition, MIT Press, 1998.
- Concepts: Where Cognitive Science Went Wrong, (The 1996 John Locke Lectures), Oxford University Press, 1998.
- The Elm and the Expert, Mentalese and its Semantics, (The 1993 Jean Nicod Lectures), MIT Press, 1994.
- Holism: A Consumer Update, (ed. with E. Lepore), Grazer Philosophische Studien, Vol 46. Rodopi, Amsterdam, 1993.
- Holism: A Shopper's Guide, (with E. Lepore), Blackwell, 1992.
- A Theory of Content and Other Essays, MIT Press, 1990.
- Psychosemantics: The Problem of Meaning in the Philosophy of Mind, MIT Pres, 1987.
- The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology, MIT Press, 1983.
- Representations: Essays on the Foundations of Cognitive Science, Harvard Press (UK) and MIT Press (US), 1979.
- The Language of Thought, Harvard University Press, 1975.
- The Psychology of Language, with T. Bever and M. Garrett, McGraw Hill, 1974.
- Psychological Explanation, Random House, 1968.
- The Structure of Language, with Jerrold Katz (eds.), Prentice Hall, 1964.

See also


- List of Jean Nicod Prize laureates

External links


- [http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/faculty/Fodor/cv.html Jerry Fodor's Homepage] Fodor, Jerry Fodor, Jerry Fodor, Jerry Fodor, Jerry Fodor, Jerry Fodor, Jerry

1935

1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

January


- January 1 - Italian colonies of Tripoli and Kyrenaika are joined together as Libya
- January 7 - Italian premier Benito Mussolini and French foreign minister Pierre Laval conclude agreement in which each power undertakes not to oppose the other's colonial claims. January 8( Elvis Presley is born in Tupelo, Mississippi.)
- January 8 - A.C. Hardy patents the spectrophotometer.
- January 11 - Amelia Earhart is the first person to fly solo from Hawaii to California.
- January 16 - FBI kills Barker gang, including Ma Barker, in a shootout
- January 19 - Bloopers Inc. sold the world's first briefs.
- January 28 - Iceland becomes the first country to legalize abortion on medical grounds

February-May


- February - National Periodical Publications (later known as DC Comics) publishes its first comic book, New Fun Comics, the first comic book featuring original material.
- February 13 - A jury in Flemington, New Jersey finds Bruno Richard Hauptmann guilty of the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh's baby boy.
- February 20 - Karoline Mikkelsen arrives on Antarctica
- February 26 - The Luftwaffe is created as Germany's air force. (March 11?)
- February 28 - Nylon is discovered by Wallace Carothers
- March 16 - Adolf Hitler announces German rearmament in violation of the Versailles Treaty.
- March 19 - Riot breaks out in Harlem, NYC after a rumor that claims that police killed a shoplifter in the Kress' departmnt store
- March 21 - Persia is renamed Iran
- April 14 - Dust Bowl: The great dust storm, made famous by Woody Guthrie in his "dust bowl ballads". The hardest hit areas were where in Eastern New Mexico and Colorado, and western Oklahoma.
- April 25 - A shark on display at the Coogee Aquarium in Sydney disgorges the tattooed arm of ex-boxer James Smith. Man suspected of murdering him, Reg Holmes is shot dead before murder inquest is held.
- May 6 - New Deal: Executive Order 7034 creates the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
- May 29 - Construction of Hoover Dam is completed
- May 30 - Earthquake destroys Quetta in modern-day Pakistan - 26,000 dead

June-August


- June 9 - Ho-Umezu Agreement: China's Kuomintang government concedes Japanese military control of north-eastern China.
- June 10 - Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in New York City by William G. Wilson and Dr. Robert Smith.
- June 12 - Senator Huey Long of Louisiana makes the longest speech on Senate record. The speech took 15 1/2 hours and was filled by 150,000 words. [http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Huey_Long_Filibusters.htm]
- June 18 - Anglo-German Naval Agreement: Britain agrees to a German navy equal to 35% of her own naval tonnage.
- July 5 - Oliveira Salazar becomes de dacto dictator of fascist Portugal
- July 16 - World's first parking meters in Oklahoma City
- July 24 - The dust bowl heat wave reaches its peak, sending temperatures in Chicago, Illinois to a record-high 109°F (44°C)
- July 27 - Federal Writers' Project established in the United States
- June or July - The Giant neotropical toad is introduced to northernQueensland, Australia to counter sugar cane beetles.
- August 14 - United States President Franklin Roosevelt signs Social Security Act into law.

September-October


- September 2 - Labor Day Hurricane of 1935: A large hurricane hits the Florida Keys killing 423.
- September 8 - Carl Weiss fatally shot US Senator from Louisiana, Huey Long, nicknamed "Kingfish", in the Louisiana capitol building.
- September 13 - Howard Hughes sets new aviation speed record in his H-1.
- September 15 - Nuremberg Laws
- September 30 - U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dedicates Hoover Dam
- October 2-3 - Italian army invades Ethiopia under General de Bono (replaced November 11 by Pietro Badoglio)
- October 10 - A tornado destroyed the 160 metre tall wooden radio tower in Langenberg, Germany. As a result of this catastrophe, nearly no more wooden radio towers are built any more.

November-December


- November 5 - Parker Brothers releases the board game Monopoly.
- November 8 - A dozen labor leaders come together to announce the creation of the Congress for Industrial Organization (CIO), an organization charged with pushing the cause for industrial unionism.
- November 14 In General Election in Britain, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin returned to office at the head of a National Government led by the Conservative Party with a large but reduced majority.
- November 22 - The China Clipper takes off from Alameda, California in an attempt to deliver the first airmail cargo across the Pacific Ocean (the airplane later reached its destination, Manila, and delivered over 110,000 pieces of mail).
- November 24 - The Senegalese Socialist Party holds its second congress.
- December 18 - Samuel Hoare resigns as British foreign secretary; replaced by Anthony Eden. The socialist party of Sri Lanka, the Lanka Sama Samaja Party founded.
- December 27 - Mao Zedong issues the Wayaopao Manifesto: On Tactics Against Japanese Imperialism, calling for a National United Front against Japanese Invasion.

unknown dates


- First Penguin paperback books
- Mary McCleod Bethune founds the National Council of Negro Women

Births

January-February


- January 4 - Floyd Patterson, American boxer
- January 7 - Valeri Kubasov, cosmonaut
- January 7 - Kenny Davern, American jazz clarinetist
- January 8 - Elvis Presley, American singer (d. 1977)
- January 9 - Bob Denver, American actor (d. 2005)
- January 10 - Ronnie Hawkins, American musician
- January 10 - Sherrill Milnes, American baritone
- January 12 - Kreskin, mentalist
- January 14 - Lucille Wheeler, Canadian skier
- January 16 - A.J. Foyt, American race car driver
- January 16 - Udo Lattek, football coach
- January 17 - Ruth Ann Minner, Governor of Delaware
- January 30 - Richard Brautigan, American writer (d. 1984)
- January 31 - Kenzaburo Oe, Japanese writer, Nobel Prize laureate
- February 4 - Martti Talvela, Finnish bass (d. 1989)
- February 11 - Gerry Goffin, American songwriter
- February 11 - Gene Vincent, American guitarist and vocalist
- February 16 - Sonny Bono, American singer, actor, and politician (d. 1998)
- February 25 - Sally Jessy Raphaël, American talk show host
- February 27 - Mirella Freni, Italian soprano

March-July


- March 1 - Robert Conrad, American actor
- March 1 - Judith Rossner, American writer (d. 2005)
- March 6 - Ron Delany, Irish runner
- March 15 - Jimmy Swaggart, American televangelist
- March 15 - Judd Hirsch, American actor
- March 22 - M. Emmet Walsh, American actor
- March 24 - Peter Bichsel, Swiss writer
- March 25 - Gloria Steinem, American feminist and author
- March 26 - Mahmoud Abbas, President of the Palestine National Authority
- March 27 - Abelardo Castillo, Argentine writer
- March 31 - Richard Chamberlain, American actor
- March 31 - Herb Alpert, American trumpeter
- April 21 - Charles Grodin, American actor and journalist
- April 21 - Thomas Kean, Governor of New Jersey
- April 23 - Bunky Green, American jazz musician
- May 2 - Lance LeGault, American actor
- May 12 - Felipe Alou, Dominican Major League Baseball manager
- May 17 - Ryke Geerd Hamer, German cancer researcher
- May 17 - Dennis Potter, English writer (d. 1994)
- May 25 - Cookie Gilchrist, American football player
- May 27 - Lee Meriwether, American beauty queen and actress
- June 2 - Carol Shields, American-born writer (d. 2003)
- June 19 - Derren Nesbitt, British actor
- June 21 - Françoise Sagan, French writer (d. 2004)
- July 6 - Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- July 8 - Vitali Sevastyanov, cosmonaut
- July 9 - Wim Duisenberg, Dutch economist and politician (d. 2005)
- July 13 - Jack Kemp, American football player
- July 17 - Peter Schickele, American composer and comedian
- July 17 - Donald Sutherland, Canadian actor
- July 18 - Jayendra Saraswathi, Hindu religious leader
- July 28 - Simon Dee, British television presenter
- July 29 - Peter Schreier, German tenor

August-October


- August 3 - Georgi Shonin, cosmonaut (d. 1997)
- August 15 - Lionel Taylor, American football player
- August 18 - Rafer Johnson, American athlete
- August 19 - Bobby Richardson, baseball player
- August 20 - Ron Paul, American politician
- August 30 - John Phillips, American singer (d. 2001)
- August 31 - Eldridge Cleaver, American activist (d. 1998)
- August 31 - Frank Robinson, baseball player
- September 1 - Seiji Ozawa, Japanese conductor
- September 11 - Gherman Titov, cosmonaut (d. 2000)
- September 11 - Arvo Pärt, estonian composer
- September 16 - Carl Andre, American artist
- September 16 - Bob Kiley, American public transit planner
- September 17 - Ken Kesey, American author (d. 2001)
- September 17 - Serge Klarsfeld, Romanian Nazi hunter
- September 30 - ZZ Hill, American musician
- September 30 - Johnny Mathis, American singer
- October 1 - Julie Andrews, English singer and actress
- October 6 - Bruno Sammartino, Italian professional wrestler
- October 9- Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
- October 12 - Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor
- October 14 - La Monte Young, American composer
- October 15 - Bobby Joe Morrow, American athlete
- October 15 - Willie O'Ree, Canadian hockey player
- October 18 - Peter Boyle, American actor
- October 20 - Jerry Orbach, American actor (d. 2004)
- October 29 - Takahata Isao, Japanese animated film director
- October 30 - Agota Kristof, Hungarian writer
- October 31 - Ronald Graham, American mathematician

November-December


- November 1 - Edward Said, Palestinian-born literary critic (d. 2003)
- November 9 - Bob Gibson, baseball player
- November 10 - Igor Dmitrievich Novikov, Russian astrophysicist
- November 13 - George Carey, Archbishop of Canterbury
- November 14 - King Hussein of Jordan (d. 1999)
- November 17 - Toni Sailer, Austrian skier
- November 23 - Vladislav Volkov, cosmonaut
- December 1 - Woody Allen, American film director
- December 8 - Dharmendra, Indian actor
- December 11 - Pranab Mukherjee, Indian politician
- December 19 - Bobby Timmons, American jazz pianist (d. 1974)
- December 23 - Paul Hornung, American football player
- December 30 - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon
- December 30 - Sandy Koufax, baseball player

Deaths


- January 28 - Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer (b. 1859)
- March 6 - Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr., U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1841)
- March 16 - John James Richard Macleod, Scottish-born physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1876)
- March 22 - Aleksander Moisiu, Albanian actor (b. 1879)
- April 14 - Emmy Noether, German mathematician (b. 1882)
- May 12 - Marshall Jozef Pilsudski, Polish politician (b. 1867)
- May 17 - Paul Dukas, French composer (b. 1865)
- May 18 - T. E. Lawrence, English soldier (Lawrence of Arabia) (b. 1888)
- May 19 - Charles Martin Loeffler, American composer (b. 1861)
- May 21 - Jane Addams, American social worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1860)
- May 29 - Josef Suk, Czech composer and violinist (b. 1874)
- July 3 - André Citroën, French automobile pioneer (b. 1878)
- July 12 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (b. 1859)
- August 29 - Queen Astrid of Belgium (b. 1905)
- August 30 - Henri Barbusse, French novelist and journalist (b. 1873)
- September 28 - W.K. Dickson, Scottish inventor (b. 1860)
- November 2 - Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (b. 1905)
- October 20 - Arthur Henderson, Scottish politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1863)
- November 28 - Erich von Hornbostel, Austrian musicologist (b. 1877)
- December 2 - James Henry Breasted, American Egyptologist (b. 1865)
- December 4 - Johan Halvorsen, Norwegian composer (b. 1864)
- December 4 - Charles Robert Richet, French physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850)
- December 13 - Victor Grignard, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1871)
- December 17 - Juan Vicente Gómez, Venezuelan military and dictador (b. 1857)
- December 21 - Kurt Tucholsky, German journalist and satirist (b. 1890)
- December 24 - Alban Berg, Austrian composer (b. 1885)

Nobel Prizes


- Physics - James Chadwick
- Chemistry - Frédéric Joliot, Irène Joliot-Curie
- Medicine - Hans Spemann
- Literature - not awarded
- Peace - Carl von Ossietzky Category:1935 ko:1935년 ms:1935 ja:1935年 simple:1935 th:พ.ศ. 2478

Rutgers University

:For other meanings of Rutgers, see Rutgers (disambiguation) Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey is the largest institution for higher education in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The university's primary campus is located in the cities of New Brunswick and Piscataway, with two branch campuses in Newark and Camden. Rutgers offers more than 100 distinct bachelor, 100 master, and 80 doctoral and professional degree programs across 29 degree-granting schools and colleges, 16 of which offer graduate programs of study. Rutgers has been named one of the "Public Ivies" - a public university that provides an "Ivy League" collegiate experience - according to THE PUBLIC IVIES: America's Flagship Public Universities (2001, ISBN 0060953624). Rutgers is the eighth-oldest institution of higher learning established in the United States, originally chartered as Queen's College in 1766. While originally a Dutch Reformed institution, the university is now non-sectarian and makes no religious demands on its students. Rutgers was designated the State University of New Jersey by legislative acts in 1945 and 1956. The University of Newark merged with Rutgers in 1946, expanding the school to include the current campus in Newark. The College of South Jersey, which became the Camden campus, merged in 1950. Rutgers was once widely considered to be Columbia University's sister school until the more recent prestige of the Ivy League disassociated the two. The original names Queen's College(Rutgers) and King's College(Columbia) were intended to reflect this relationship.

About Rutgers University

Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is a leading national research university and is unique as the only university in the nation that is a colonial chartered college (1766), a land-grant institution (1864), and a state university (1945/1956). There are seventeen degree granting divisions at Rutgers. Rutgers College became the land-grant college of New Jersey in 1864, resulting in the establishment of the Rutgers Scientific School, featuring departments of agriculture, engineering, and chemistry. Further expansion in the sciences came with the founding of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station in 1880 and the division of the Rutgers Scientific School into the College of Engineering (now the School of Engineering) in 1914 and the College of Agriculture (now Cook College) in 1921. The precursors to several other Rutgers divisions were also established during this period: the College of Pharmacy (now the Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy) in 1892, the New Jersey College for Women (now Douglass College) in 1918, and the School of Education in 1924. The first Summer Session began in 1913 with one six-week session. That summer program offered 47 courses and had an enrollment of 314 students. Currently, Summer Session offers over 1,000 courses to more than 15,000 students on the Camden, Newark, and New Brunswick/Piscataway campuses, off-campus, and abroad. Rutgers was sometimes considered a part of the Ivy League along with the current 8 members and Army and Navy. However, the University dropped out prior to formal organization of that league. Rutgers maintains rivalries with Princeton and Columbia in sports other than football. Rutgers was designated the State University of New Jersey by legislatives acts in 1945 and 1956. Since the 1950s, Rutgers has continued to expand, especially in the area of graduate education. The Graduate School—New Brunswick, and professional schools have been established in such areas as business, management, public policy, social work, applied and professional psychology, the fine arts, and communication, information and library studies. (A number of these schools offer undergraduate programs as well.) Also at the undergraduate level, Livingston College was founded in 1969, emphasizing the urban environment. On September 10, 1970, after several years of debate and planning, the Board of Governors voted to admit women into the previously all-male Rutgers College. The transformation from single-sex to coeducational institutions became a trend in many colleges across the United States that had—up to the late 1960's and early 1970's—remained all-male. Today, Douglass College (originally the New Jersey College for Women) remains all-female, while the rest of the institution is coeducational. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools (since 1921). In 1989, Rutgers University became a member of the Association of American Universities, an organization comprised of the 62 leading research universities in North America. Richard Levis McCormick (b. 1947) is the current president of Rutgers University.

Divisions of the New Brunswick/Piscataway Campus


- Cook College
- Douglass College
- Livingston College
- Rutgers College (The original college from which the University evolved.)
- University College–New Brunswick (School for non-traditional students)
- College of Nursing
- Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy
- Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy (Only Pharmacy School in New Jersey)
- Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology
- Graduate School of Education
- Mason Gross School of the Arts
- Rutgers Business School–New Brunswick
- School of Communication, Information and Library Studies
- School of Engineering
- School of Management and Labor Relations
- School of Social Work To view divisions at other campuses go to Rutgers-Newark or Rutgers-Camden. As of July 2005, the Task Force on Undergraduate Education has proposed the merger of Douglass, Livingston, University, and Rutgers Colleges into the Rutgers College of Arts and Sciences as well as other major reforms to various aspects of Undergraduate Education. It is also suspected that the University would use this to systematically raise admissions standards for all undergraduates. The proposal of the task force has likely approval from the Board of Trustees, the Board of Governors, and President McCormick. Students and alumni of Rutgers, University, and Livingston colleges are overwhelmingly in approval of the changes while many students and alumnae of Douglass College are adamantly opposed to the plan as it would eliminate the all-female college. However, since all undergraduates currently take classes together from the unified faculty anyway and the Women's Clubs, Leadership programs, and Female-only housing would remain under the proposal it would appear that the "Save Douglass" pleas will fall on deaf ears.

History and tradition

Early history

Shortly after the creation of The College of New Jersey (later Princeton University) in 1746, ministers of the Dutch Reformed Church sought to establish autonomy in ecclesiastical affairs. At that time, those who wanted to become ministers in within the church had to travel to the Netherlands to be trained and ordained, and many of the affairs of churches in the American colonies were managed from Europe. Thus, the ministers sought to create a governing body known as a classis to give local autonomy to the church in the colonies, and offer opportunities for the education of ministers. education Throughout the 1750s, Dutch ministers joined the effort to create a classis in the colonies, including Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen who travelled on horseback in winter of 1755 to several congregations throughout the northeast to rally ministers and congregations to the cause. Soon after, Frelinghuysen travelled to the Netherlands to appeal to the General Synod, the Dutch Reformed Church's governing council for the creation of the classis. In 1761, the effort having failed, Frelinghuysen set sail for the colonies, but as the vessel approached New York, he mysteriously perished at sea. After Frelinghuysen's death, Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh (later Rutgers' first president), established himself as spokesperson for the cause, and a strong supporter of establishing a college in New Jersey. Hardenbergh, travelled to Europe renewing Frelinghuysen's efforts to gain the Synod's approval, but was also rejected. Much to the Synod's chagrin, however, Hardenburgh returned to the colonies with money for the establishment of a college.

Queen's College

The school now called Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, was chartered on November 10, 1766 as "Queen's College," in honor of King George III's Queen-consort, Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1744–1818). The charter was signed and the young college supported by William Franklin (1730–1813), the last Royal Governor of New Jersey and illegitimate son of Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790). The original charter specified the establishment both of the college, and of an institution called the Queen's College Grammar School, intended to be a preparatory school affiliated and governed by the college. This institution, today the Rutgers Preparatory School, was a part of the college community until 1957. The original purpose of Queen's College was to "educate the youth in language, liberal, the divinity, and useful arts and sciences" and for the training of future ministers for the Dutch Reformed Church—though the university is now non-sectarian and makes no religious demands on its students. (Ironically, given the tenets of Christianity, the college first met at a tavern called the Sign of the Red Lion, on what is today the grounds of the Johnson & Johnson corporate headquarters in New Brunswick, New Jersey.) It admitted its first students in 1771—a single sophomore and a handful of first-year students taught by a lone instructor—and granted its first degree in 1774, to Matthew Leydt. When the American Revolution broke out, the college abandoned the tavern and held classes in private houses, in and near New Brunswick. During its early years, the college developed as a classic liberal arts institution. In its early years, Queen's College was plagued by a lack of funds. In 1793, with the fledgling college falling on hard times, the board of trustees voted on a resoluton to merge with the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). The measure failed by one vote. The problem did not go away, and in 1795, lacking both funds and tutors, the trustees consider moving the college to New York. Instead, they decide to close, only to reopen in 1808 after the Trustees raised $12,000. 1808 The next year, the College got a building of its own, affectionately called "Old Queen's" (which still stands), which is regarded today by architectural experts as one of the nation's finest examples of Federal architecture. University President Ira Condict laid the cornerstone on 27 April 1809. However, continued financial woes would cause the building to wait 14 years for completion, that combined with a nationwide economic depression and the impending War of 1812 forced Queen's College to close down a second time, in 1812. In its early years, Queen's College, the Queen's College Grammar School, and the New Brunswick Theological Seminary shared space in Old Queens. In 1856, with Old Queens suffering from overcrowding, the Seminary, moved to a home of its own nearby. New Brunswick Theological Seminary In 1825, Queen's College was reopened, and its name was changed to "Rutgers College" in honor of American Revolutionary War hero Colonel Henry Rutgers (1745–1830). According to the Board of Trustees, Colonel Rutgers was honored because he epitomized Christian values, however, it probably helped that the Colonel gave a gift that set the college on secure financial footing. Rutgers, a descendant of an old Dutch family that settled in New Amsterdam (now New York City), gave the fledgling college a $5000 bond and a bell to be placed in the cupola of Old Queens. The college's early troubles inspired numerous student songs, including an adaptation of the drinking song Down Among the Dead Men with the lyrics "Here's a drink to old Rutgers, loyal men, May she ne'er go down but to rise again." "Rutgers College" became "Rutgers University" in 1924.

Athletics

1924 Rutgers was among the first American institutions to engage in intercollegiate athletics, and participated in a small circle of schools that included Yale University, Columbia University and long-time rival, Princeton University. On May 2, 1866, in the first intercollegiate athletic event at Rutgers, the Rutgers baseball team was humiliated by the Princeton team, 40-2. On November 6, 1869, Rutgers became the "Birthplace of Football" when it defeated Princeton, six "runs" to four, in the first intercollegiate football game ever played (the site, then a field, is now occupied by the College Avenue Gymnasium). Instead of wearing uniforms, the players stripped off their hats, coats, and vests and bound their suspenders around the waistbands of their trousers. For headgear, the Rutgers team wound their scarlet scarves into turbans atop their heads. The game— with rules more resembling those of soccer than the later form of American football—gave birth to a new pastime described as "replete with surprise, strategy, prodigies of determination, and physical prowess." During the 1870s, games resembling rugby became popular at other American colleges, and Rutgers eventually adopted similar rules. These games developed into what is today known as American football. However, Rutgers proceeded to lose at football to Princeton each year for the next 68 years, only breaking that losing streak in 1938. An amusing sidenote: the first intercollegiate competition in Ultimate Frisbee was held between Rutgers and Princeton on 6 November 1972—the 103rd anniversary of the first intercollegiate football game. Today, Rutgers University is a member of the Big East Conference, (in football since 1991, all other sports since 1995) a collegiate athletic conference consisting of sixteen colleges and universities in the Northeastern and Midwestern United States. The Big East is a member of the Bowl Championship Series. Rutgers is a Division I-A school as sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Rutgers continues to play Princeton and Columbia every year in nearly every sport the schools all compete in with the exception of football. The Rutgers University Fight Song :R-U, Rah, Rah, :R-U, Rah, Rah, :Whoo-Raa, Whoo-Raa; :Rutgers Rah :Up-Stream Red Team; :Red Team Up-Stream :Rah, Rah, :Rutgers Rah!!

Mascot

The Rutgers University mascot is the Scarlet Knight. Since its days when the school was officially known as Queen's College, the athletic teams were referred to as the Queensmen. Officially serving as the mascot figure for several football seasons beginning in 1925 was a giant, colorfully felt-covered, costumed representation of an earlier campus symbol, the "Chanticleer." Though a fighting bird of the kind which other colleges have found success, to some it bore the connotation of "chicken." It is also a little-known fact that the New Brunswick-based broadcast station, WCTC, which serves as the flagship station of Rutgers athletics, had its call letters derived from the word "ChanTiCleer." Chanticleer remained as the nickname for some 30 years. In the early 1950's, in the hope of spurring both the all-around good athletic promise and RU fighting spirit, a campus-wide selection process changed the mascot to that of a knight. By 1955 , the Scarlet Knight had officially become the new Rutgers mascot.

Traditions and legacies

knight Howard Fullerton, a member of the Order of the Bull's Blood, goes down in Rutgers history not only for his penning the alma mater but for allegedly inspiring the theft of a cannon from the campus of Princeton University on 25 April 1875, an event—and the ensuing debate between the two university presidents—reported in nationwide newspapers. The cannon was believed to have belonged to Rutgers when used in battle. Princeton students retaliated by raiding the Rutgers Armory and stealing a few muskets. Eventually the committee appointed by the two colleges recommended the return the stolen items to their owners before the event. When the cannon was returned, Princeton University officials ordered it buried in the ground, encased in cement, with only a few feet of the butt end exposed above ground. Several Rutgers students attempted to repeat the crime, unsuccessfully, in October 1946, attaching one end of a length of heavy chain to the cannon and the other to their Ford. Surprised by Princeton men and the local constabulatory, they gunned the engine of the Ford so viciously that the car was torn in half. The Rutgers army managed to escape, but with neither the car, nor their prize, the cannon. To this day, intrepid Rutgers students journey the 20 miles to Princeton University to place their declaration of ownership of the cannon by painting the cannon scarlet red. Unfortunately, like the students who stole the cannon in 1875, they usually paint the wrong cannon, as there are two on Cannon Green behind Nassau Hall at Princeton. Today, a cannon is placed in the ground before Old Queens at Rutgers, memorializing both this event, and alumni in the service who were killed in action. At Commencement, tradition leads undergraduates to break clay pipes over the cannon, symbolizing the breaking of ties with the college, and leaving behind the good times of one's undergraduate years. This symbolism dates back to when pipe-smoking was fashionable among undergraduates, and many college memories were derived from evenings of pipe smoking and revelry with friends. The bell in the Old Queen's cupola, an 1826 gift of namesake donor Colonel Henry Rutgers, is traditionally used to announce the graduation of classes. It is also rung on special occasions, including those of prized athletic success. Most recently, the bell was rung when the 1999-2000 women's basketball team advanced to the NCAA Final Four in Philadelphia, and when the 1990 men's soccer team reached the championship game of the NCAA Tournament.

Trivia


- The College Avenue Gymnasium, built on the site where the first college football game was played, hosted New Jersey's 1947 and 1966 Constitutional Conventions.
- In 1810, a book of 104 rules and regulations are published to guide student down a moral path. Among these rules were prohibitions on dancing and fencing schools, billiards, cards, dice, beer and oyster houses, firearms, powder, and public ball alleys; and further, no student was to "disguise himself for the purpose of imposition or amusement," "speak upon the public stage anything indecent, profane, or immoral," or "employ a barber on the Lord's day to dress his head or shave him." Ironically, the Rutgers University Dance Marathon is one of the largest student run philanthropy events in the country; so much for a dancing prohibition. As for fencing, the Rutgers Fencing team regularly competes with and defeats the nation's top teams such as Duke and NYU.
- In 1879, Mark Twain, the famed American author, accepted an honorary membership into the Philoclean Society at Rutgers, but failed to make the customary monetary contribution.
- In addition to being the "birthplace of college football," Rutgers has given birth to discoveries and innovations such as Cheez Whiz[http://soa.rutgers.edu/tour.htm], water-soluble sustained release polymers, Tetraploids, robotic hands, artificial bovine insemination, several antibiotics, and developed the ceramic tiles for the heat shield on the Space Shuttle. Currently Rutgers researchers are driving closer and closer to an effective cure for AIDS.
- All of the law school scenes in Rounders were filmed in and around Rutgers Law School in Newark, New Jersey.
- The famous Grease Trucks reside on the Rutgers College campus, just across the street from the main academic area, the Voorhees mall. At the Grease Trucks, one can buy a famous "Fat Sandwich," featuring an outrageous combinations of foodstuffs one would never expect to combine in one sandwich.
- In 2004, MAXIM Magazine proclaimed the "Fat Darrell" to be one of the top sandwiches in the nation. The Fat Darrell was created at Rutgers in 1997 by an innovative undergraduate student by the name of Darrell Butler. The Fat Darrell contains chicken fingers, mozzeralla sticks, french fries, and marina sauce all on a hoagie roll.
- In 2005, Rutgers accepted a bowl bid to play Arizona State University in the Insight Bowl in Phoenix, AZ; their first bowl since 1978. The only other bowl appearance for the Scarlet Knights was the Garden State Bowl against the aforementioned ASU Sun Devils.

Alma Mater

The alma mater of Rutgers University is the song entitled On the Banks of the Old Raritan, written by Howard Fullerton (Class of 1872). The lyrics to the song are, as follows: : I. : My father sent me to old Rutgers, : And resolv'd that I should be a man; : And so I settled down, : in that noisy college town, : On the banks of the old Raritan. : (Chorus) : On the banks of the old Raritan, my boys, : where old Rutgers ever more shall stand, : For has she not stood since the time of the flood, : On the banks of the old Raritan. : II. : Then sing aloud to Alma Mater, : And keep the scarlet in the van; : For with her motto high, : Rutgers' name shall never die, : On the banks of the old Raritan. : (Chorus) :
- N.B.: The phrase "my boys" in the first line of the chorus was changed in 1990 to "my friends" in light of Rutgers being coeducational since 1970. When the Alma Mater is performed by the Queen's Chorale, an all-women group, they sing "And resolv'd that I should be a man" quickly followed by "or a woman".

See also


- Rutgers Presidents
- Rutgers famous alumni
- Rutgers famous faculty
- Rutgers Student Organizations
- Rutgers Fraternities and Sororities
- Rutgers Glee Club

External links


- [http://www.rutgers.edu/ www.rutgers.edu] — Rutgers University website
- [http://www.scarletknights.com/ www.scarletknights.com] — Rutgers Athletics website
- [http://nbp.rutgers.edu/ nbp.rutgers.edu] — Rutgers-New Brunswick/Piscataway Website
- [http://www.dailytargum.com The Daily Targum] — the daily newspaper at Rutgers University, since 1869.
- [http://www.rutgersalumni.org/ Rutgers Alumni Association] — Established 1831, fourth oldest alumni group in the Nation.
- [http://ruweb.rutgers.edu/timeline/ "Rutgers Through the Years" Timeline] — more on Rutgers history
- [http://wrsu.rutgers.edu/ WRSU] — Rutgers University radio station
- Category:New Jersey Category:Colonial colleges Category:Universities and colleges in New Jersey Category:Association of American Universities Category:Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Category:Land-grant universities Category:Sea-grant universities Category:Big East Conference

New Jersey

New Jersey is the fourth smallest and most densely populated state of the United States of America; the U.S. postal abbreviation is NJ. The state is named after the island of Jersey in the English Channel.

History

Once inhabited by the tribes of the Lenape Native Americans, New Jersey was settled by the Dutch in the early 1630s, who formed a settlement at present-day Jersey City. At the time, much of what is now New Jersey was claimed as part of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, which also included parts of present-day New York State and had its capital at New Amsterdam, now known as New York City. Some of southwestern New Jersey also was settled by the Swedes in the mid-1600s as part of the Swedish colony of New Sweden, which included parts of Delaware and southeastern Pennsylvania. These territories were taken by the Dutch in 1654 and incorporated into New Netherland. The entire region became a territory of Britain in 1664 when a British fleet under the command of Colonel Richard Nicolls sailed into what is today New York Harbor and took over the colony. They met minimal resistance, perhaps because of the unpopularity of the Dutch colonial governor, Peter Stuyvesant. The newly taken lands were divided by King Charles II of England, who gave his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II) the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony (as opposed to a royal colony). James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River (the land that would become New Jersey) to two friends who had been loyal through the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. During the English Civil War the Channel Isle of Jersey remained loyal to The English Crown and gave sanctuary to the King. It was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was first proclaimed King of England in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I of England. In 1663 in recognition of his loyalty to the English Crown Sir George Carteret, Jersey's Royalist Governor, was gifted a large tract of land in North America henceforth known as New Jersey. Settlement for the first 10 years of English rule was in the Hudson River region and came primarily from New England. The first permanent English settlement was Elizabethtown, now Elizabeth. On March 18, 1673 Berkeley sold his half of New Jersey to Quakers in England (with William Penn acting as trustee for a time) who settled the Delaware Valley region as a Quaker colony. New Jersey was governed as two distinct provinces, West Jersey and East Jersey, for the 28 years between 1674 and 1702. In 1702, the two provinces were united under a royal, rather than a proprietary, governor.

Revolutionary War era

New Jersey was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. During the American Revolutionary War, British and American armies crossed New Jersey numerous times and several pivotal battles took place in the state. Today, New Jersey is often referred to as "The Crossroads of the Revolution" because of that. On Christmas, 1776, the Continental Army under George Washington crossed the Delaware River and engaged the unprepared Hessian troops in the Battle of Trenton. The river crossing has become an iconic moment in the early history of the United States of America, having been immortalized in Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze's painting Washington Crossing the Delaware. Slightly more than a week after victory at Trenton, on January 3, 1777, the American forces scored an important victory by making a surprise attack on Princeton, evading the British under Charles Cornwallis. Later on, the American forces underneath George Washington engaged the forces underneath General Henry Clinton at the Battle of Monmouth. The result of the battle was indecisive. In the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall at Princeton University, making Princeton the nation's capital for four months. It was there that the Continental Congress learned of the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783) which ended the war. On November 20, 1789, the state became the first in the newly-formed Union to ratify the Bill of Rights. Ironically, on February 15, 1804 New Jersey became the last northern state to abolish slavery by enacting legislation that slowly phased out slavery. However, by the close of the Civil War, about a dozen African-Americans in New Jersey were still apprenticed freedmen. New Jersey initially refused to ratify the Constitutional Amendments banning slavery and granting rights to America's Black population.

Women's suffrage

The [http://www.state.nj.us/njfacts/njdoc10a.htm New Jersey Constitution of 1776] gives the vote to "all inhabitants of this Colony, of full age, who are worth fifty pounds proclamation money." This included blacks, spinsters, and widows. (Married women could not own property under the common law.) It used to be held that this was an accident of hasty drafting: the British were at Staten Island when the constitution was proclaimed, and it declares itself temporary, void if there was reconciliation with Great Britain. Klinghoffer and Elkis ("The Petticoat Electors: Women’s Suffrage in New Jersey, 1776–1807." Journal of the Early Republic 12, no. 2 (1992): 159–193.) show that it was a considered decision, and enforced by later law. Both sides in elections mocked the other for relying on "petticoat electors"; both accused each other of letting unqualified women (including married women) vote. A Federalist legislature passed a voting rights act which applied only to those counties where the Federalists were strong; a Democratic legislature extended it to the entire state. In 1807, as a side-effect of a reconciliation within the Democratic Party, the legislature reinterpreted the constitution (which had been an ordinary act of the Provincial Congress) to mean universal white male suffrage, with no property requirement; but they disenfranchised paupers, to keep down the Irish.

Law and government

The state capital of New Jersey is Trenton. Jon Corzine was elected Governor of New Jersey on November 8, 2005, and will take office on January 17, 2006. Currently, Richard Codey (Democrat) is the Acting governor, because he is (and concurrently serves as) President of the State Senate. Former Governor James E. McGreevey resigned on November 15, 2004, and New Jersey (along with Arizona, Maine, New Hampshire, Oregon, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Wyoming) had no position of Lieutenant Governor at the time. However, on Election Day, November 8, 2005, the voters passed an amendment to the state constitution that creates the position of Lieutenant Governor, effective with the 2009 elections. The amendment also provides that in the event of a permanent vacancy in the office of Governor after January 17, 2006 (when the next Governor is sworn in) and before the first Lieutenant Governor takes office in 2010, the President of the Senate, followed by the Speaker of the General Assembly, would become Governor (rather than Acting Governor) but will now be required to vacate his or her Senate (or Assembly) seat. The New Jersey governor is considered one of the most powerful governorships in the nation, as it is the only state-wide elected office in the state and appoints many government officials. Additionally, an acting governor is even more powerful as he simultaneously serves as president of the senate, thus directing the entire legislative and executive process. Current Acting Governor Codey will likely be the last Acting Governor to serve simultaneously as Senate President, as a result of the Constitutional amendment approved by the voters in 2005 (as the current dual role would remain in effect if Codey were to step down before the new Governor takes office). The state's two U.S. Senators are Frank R. Lautenberg (Democrat) and Jon Corzine (Democrat). As governor-elect, Corzine will appoint his own replacement after he steps down from the Senate and is sworn in as Governor in January. New Jersey has 13 Congressional Districts. New Jersey is a politically competitive state; the Governorship has alternated between the parties since the election of Richard J. Hughes in 1961; the legislature has also switched hands, and one house was evenly divided from 1999–2001. Three of the last four gubernatorial elections have been close. The Congressional seats have also been as evenly divided as thirteen seats can be. In national elections, the state now tends to lean towards the national Democratic Party. It was, however, a Republican stronghold for years in the past, having given comfortable margins of victory to the Republican candidate in the close elections of 1948, 1968, and 1976. New Jersey was a crucial swing state in the elections of 1960, 1968, and 1992. In national elections, the state gave large victories to Democrats in the 1990's, while in the 2004 presidential election, John F. Kerry defeated George W. Bush by about 6%. The last elected Republican to hold a Senate seat from New Jersey was Clifford P. Case in 1979. (Nicholas Brady was appointed a U.S. Senator by Governor Thomas Kean in 1982 after Harrison A. Williams resigned the Senate seat following the Abscam investigations. Brady served eight months. The state's Democratic strongholds include Mercer County around the cities of Trenton and Princeton; Essex County and Hudson County, the state's two most urban counties, around the state's two largest cities, Newark and Jersey City; as well as in Camden County and most of the other urban communities just outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York City. More suburban northern counties in the orbit of New York, such as Union and Middlesex, also trend Democratic. The more suburban northwestern and southeastern counties of the state are reliably Republican: Republicans have strong backing along the coast in Ocean County and in the mountainous northwestern part of the state, especially Sussex County, Morris County and Warren County. Somerset and Hunterdon counties, more suburban counties in the region, are also Republican in local elections, but can be competitive in national races. In the 2004 General Election, Bush received about 51% in Somerset and 56% in Hunterdon, while up in rural Republican Sussex County, Bush won with 64% of the vote. About half of the counties in New Jersey, however, are considered swing counties, but some go more one way than others. For an example, Bergen County, which leans Republican in the northern half of the county, is mostly Democratic in the more populated southern parts, causing it to usually vote slightly Democratic (same with Passaic County, with a highly populated Hispanic Democratic south and a rural, Republican north), other "swing" counties like Cape May tend to go Republican, as they also have population in conservative areas. The governor's mansion is Drumthwacket.

New Jersey State Constitution

The [http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/lawsconstitution/constitution.asp constitution] was adopted in 1947. It provides for a bicameral Legislature consisting of a Senate of 40 members and an Assembly of 80 members. Each of the 40 legislative districts elects one Senator and two Assembly members. Assembly members are elected by the people for a two-year term in all odd-numbered years; Senators are elected in the years ending in 1, 3, and 7 and thus serve either four or two year terms.

The New Jersey Supreme Court

The New Jersey Supreme Court [http://www.judiciary.state.nj.us/supreme/index.htm] consists of a chief justice and six associate justices. All are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of a majority of the membership of the state senate. Justices serve an initial seven-year term, after which they can be reappointed to serve until age 70.

Geography

New Jersey is broadly divided into three geographic regions: North Jersey, Central Jersey, and South Jersey. North Jersey is within New York City's general sphere of influence, with many of its residents commuting into the city for work. Central Jersey is a largely suburban area. South Jersey is within Philadelphia, Pennsylvania's general sphere of influence. Such geographic definitions are broad, however, and there is often dispute over where one region begins and another ends. High Point Mountain, in Montague Township, Sussex County has the highest elevation in New Jersey. Sussex County, in North Jersey, and its Gold Coast featuring Goldman Sachs Tower.]] New Jersey is bordered on the north and northeast by New York, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Delaware, and on the west by Pennsylvania (the latter two across the Delaware River.) Prominent geographic features include:
- Delaware Water Gap
- Musconetcong River
- New Jersey Meadowlands
- The Palisades
- Passaic River
- Pine Barrens
- Rancocas River
- Raritan River
- Sandy Hook
- South Mountain

Economy

[http://www.bea.gov/ The Bureau of Economic Analysis] estimates that New Jersey's total state product in 2003 was $397 billion. New Jersey's per capita income is the highest in the nation. Its per capita personal income in 2003 was $40,427, 4th in the United States of America. Its median household income is also the highest in the nation with $55,146. It is also ranked 2nd in the nation by the number of places with per capita incomes above national average with 76.4%. Nine of New Jersey's counties are also in the wealthiest 100 of the country. Women in New Jersey earn the highest per capita income as stated in a 2002 article in the Newark Star-Ledger. Its agricultural outputs are nursery stock, horses, vegetables, fruits and nuts, seafood, and dairy products. In particular, cranberries and eggplant are two of the state's largest crops. Hammonton in the southern part of the state is known as the blueberry capital of the world. Its industrial outputs are pharmaceutical and chemical products, food processing, electric equipment, printing and publishing, and tourism. New Jersey's economy has a large base of industry and chemical manufacturing. Additionally, New Jersey is home to the largest petroleum containment system in the world, outside of the Middle East. Although the state is certainly not defined by these activities, their existence and visibility to those passing through the state along some of its major highways does contribute to many jokes about pollution and ironic plays on the state's nickname, the "Garden State." In terms of quantity and quality, New Jersey ranks ninth in the union, in the number of manufactured goods that come from this state's factories. New Jersey is also a leader in the number of businesses that have their headquarters or do business here. 50 Fortune 500 companies alone have headquarters or do business in Morris County alone. Nearly 100 Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or conduct business in New Jersey. This allows New Jersey to have the largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies in the world. Paramus is long noted for having one of the highest business per person ratio in the nation, because of the huge number of shops in that town and the surrounding area. Several New Jersey counties such as Essex, Morris, Middlesex, Union, and Bergen counties have been ranked in the World Almanac 2002, as being among the top 15 highest per person per capita income areas in the country. New Jersey has the nation's most diverse economy, with its major industries being agriculture, tourism, nursery products, electronics, manufacturing equipment, pharmacuticals, etc. It is for this reason, New Jersey is able to weather severe economic declines in the national economy and it is why New Jersey's unemployment rate is well below the national average. New Jersey's location between Philadephia and New York City, has allowed New Jersey to grow and thrive since the time of its creation as a state in 1702. Another of New Jersey's great strengths is its large and well-educated labor pool that allow the myriad of industries to exist today. The Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is the world's largest container ports. Newark Liberty International Airport is ranked as number 7 in the top ten list of the nation's busiest airports and among the top 20 busiest airports in the world. Six Flags Great Adventure is one of the largest theme parks in the world. It is home to the largest wild safari out of Africa and is now home to the world's tallest and fastest coaster, Kingda Ka. As of 2001, New Jersey makes $30 billion each year from tourism as stated in the Star-Ledger's article The Best Of New Jersey. New Jersey is one of the top ten most visited states in the nation.

Demographics

As of 2004, the population of New Jersey was estimated to be 8,698,879. There are 1.6 million foreign-born living in the state (accounting for 19.2% of the state population). New Jersey is the tenth most populous state, but the most densely populated, at 1,134.4 residents per square mile. [http://www.njfaq.com/njfaq4.shtml].

Race, ethnicity, and ancestry

The racial makeup of New Jersey is:
- 66.0% White Non-Hispanic
- 13.6% Black
- 13.3% Hispanic
- 5.7% Asian
- 0.2% Native American (U.S. Census)
- 2.5% Mixed race New Jersey has the 15th largest percentage of minority residents of any state and the 2nd highest percentage in the North. Race/ethnicity citation with state percentages: [http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t6/tab02.pdf](Adobe PDF) Diversity index citation with state percentages: [http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/atlas/divers.xls](Microsoft Excel) It also has the second largest percentage of Jews (after New York), the second largest percentage of Muslims (after Michigan). New Jersey is the third most Italian-American state in the nation, according to the 2000 Census, and has large percentages of Blacks, Hispanics, Arabs, and Asians. Ancestry citation with state percentages: [http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf](Adobe PDF) The five largest ancestry groups in New Jersey are: Italian (17.9%), Irish (15.9%), African American (13.6%), German (12.6%), Polish (6.9%). Newark and Camden are two of the poorest cities in America, but New Jersey as a whole has the highest median household income in the nation, as well as the second highest per capita income, after Connecticut. This is largely due to the fact that so much of New Jersey is comprised of suburbs, most of them affluent, of New York City and Philadelphia. New Jersey is also the most densely populated state in the nation, and the first and only state that has had every one of its 21 counties deemed "urban," as opposed to rural. The dominant race, ethnicity, or ancestry by county, according to the 2000 Census, are the following:
- New Jersey
  - Italian - Bergen, Morris, Somerset, Ocean, Monmouth
  - Irish - Sussex
  - Black - Essex, Union, Mercer
  - German - Warren, Hunterdon
  - Polish/Slavic - Middlesex
  - Puerto Rican/Hispanic - Hudson, Passaic Ancestry citation with county maps: [http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf] (Adobe PDF) Specific ancestry maps by county, place, and census tract available at: [http://factfinder.census.gov] 6.7% of its population were reported as under 5, 24.8% under 18, and 13.2% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51.5% of the population.

Religion

The religious affiliations of adults of New Jersey are:
- Christian – 77%
  - Roman Catholic – 39%
  - Protestant – 36%
    - Baptist – 9%
    - Methodist – 6%
    - Presbyterian – 4%
    - Other Protestant or general Protestant – 17%
  - Other Christian – 2%
- Jewish – 5%
- Muslim – 1%
- Other Religions (e.g. Hindu, Sikh) – 1%
- Non-Religious – 16%

Culture

Music

New Jersey has long been an important area for both rock and rap music. Some prominent musicians with connections to New Jersey are:
- Musician Bruce Springsteen, who has sung of New Jersey life on his debut album, Greetings from Asbury Park, N.J. and in many of his most popular songs, including "Atlantic City," "Born to Run," "Darlington County," "Freehold," "Jersey Girl" (written by Tom Waits), "Jungleland," "Spirit in the Night," and others. Fellow musician Jon Bon Jovi has also written many songs about New Jersey and even named one of his albums after it (see New Jersey). Both reside in New Jersey today.
- Frank Sinatra, born December 12, 1915, the only child of working-class Italian-American immigrants, in a tenement at 415 Monroe St. in Hoboken. He sang with a neighborhood vocal group, the Hoboken Four, and appeared in neighborhood theater amateur shows before he became an entertainment legend and Academy Award winning actor.
- Whitney Houston was born in the city of Newark, New Jersey but grew up in neighboring East Orange, and is best known for her cover of Dolly Parton's "I Will Always Love You" which set new records for sales and weeks at number one. Houston has sold well over 180 million records internationally.
- Bob Dylan's song "Hurricane" is about the accusation and trial of Rubin Carter which took place in Paterson. Dylan's view is that Carter was innocent. (In 1985, United States district court Judge H. Lee Sarokin ruled that Carter had not received a fair trial, saying that the prosecution had been "based on racism rather than reason, and concealment rather than disclosure.")
- Legendary jazz pianist and bandleader Count Basie, born in Red Bank in 1904. In the 1960s, he collaborated on several albums with fellow New Jersey native Frank Sinatra.
- Asbury Park, home of The Stone Pony, where Springsteen and Bon Jovi frequented early in their careers, which is still considered by many to be a "Mecca" for up-and-coming musicians.
- The Velvet Underground, who had their first performance as a band at Summit High School in Summit, New Jersey. Songs included "There She Goes Again" and "Heroin."
- Jerseyan Zakk Wylde of Jersey City, who is currently the guitarist with Ozzy Osbourne and is with another popular rock band, Black Label Society. Wylde is famous for his signature "Bulls-eye" Gibson Les Paul guitar.
- Former Fugee Lauryn Hill, a South Orange resident and hip-hop's best-selling solo female artist. Her 1998 debut album, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, sold 10 million copies internationally.
- Hip-hop's longest running radio show, founded by two Jerseyans, Special K (Kevin Bonners) and Teddy Ted (Ted Whiting) of Hackensack, who began on New York's WHBI in 1982 and now appear on WPAT-AM.
- Other rap artists, including Irvington's Queen Latifah, the first female rapper to succeed in music, film, and TV, and the Grammy-winning Naughty By Nature of East Orange, who cut 1992's smash hit "O.P.P." Redman, an influential underground figure and Newark native, has recently found commercial success through collaborations with Eminem and the Wu-Tang Clan's Method Man.
- Singer/Actor Constantine Maroulis, a popular finalist on the television show, American Idol, Season 4 (2005), spent a good portion of his formative years in Wyckoff, where he graduated from Ramapo High School. Maroulis is developing a television sitcom which is based on his growing up years in New Jersey and the surrounding metropolitan New York City area.
- Musical artists Fountains of Wayne [http://www.fountainsofwayne.com/home/], a group of New Jerseyians who took the name of a semi-famous lawn and garden store [http://www.roadsideamerica.com/attract/NJWAYfountains.html] on Route 46 in Wayne, New Jersey (also featured on an episode of The Sopranos).
- The band Snowball 37 [http://www.snowball37.com/], a group of brothers who were inspired by a Kevin Smith reference, is based out of Jersey City.
- The genre Emo until recently thrived in New Jersey, particularly near New Brunswick. Such bands that fit into this category include Thursday, My Chemical Romance, Midtown, Senses Fail, Saves The Day, Hidden In Plain View, The Early November, Armor For Sleep, The Escape Engine, for some more popular bands, recently, the growth of Jersey emo bands has seen somewhat of a decrease as the genre has moved elsewhere.
- Punk music is also an important alternative style in New Jersey, perhaps starting with the band that essentially invented horror punk, The Misfits from Lodi, in the 90s, The Bouncing Souls and Catch 22 were also prominent figures in New Jersey punk, strongly influenced by New Brunswick's Sticks and Stones.
- The DeLeo brothers of Stone Temple Pilots are both from New Jersey. The brothers, Dean and Robert, are the guitarist and bassist for the band.
- Pete Yorn is another New Jersey artist. He has two albums out: musicforthemorningafter (2001) and Day I Forgot (2003).
- Deborah Harry from Blondie was raised in Hawthorne, New Jersey.
- Blues Traveler was formed at Princeton High School in 1987. John Popper, along with high school buddies drummer Brendan Hill, guitarist Chan Kinchla and the late bassist Bobby Sheehan are all natives of New Jersey.
- Spin Doctors began as Trucking Company in 1989 with Chris Barron (lead singer) and Eric Schenkman and were high school friends of the aformentioned Blues Traveler frontman John Popper at Princeton High School.
- American Idol season 4 contestant Anwar Robinson, considered to be one of AI's most talented male singers, was born in Newark and grew up in East Orange and Montclair, in addition, he teaches music at Edison Middle School in West Orange
- Legendary rock band Queen (touring with Bad Company frontman Paul Rodgers) chose a New Jersey venue - the Continental Airlines Arena - to perform their first USA concert in 23 years on October 16, 2005. The crowd surprised them with a strong reaction and plentiful participation, even in what were thought to be the lesser-known songs.
- The three members of the Fugees were from South Orange, New Jersey.
- Coheed and Cambria mentions the Jersey Devil in one of their songs
- Indie Rock band Yo La Tengo makes its home in Hoboken, New Jersey.

TV and film

Motion pictures and televisions shows also have been set in New Jersey. The popular television drama The Sopranos depicts the life of a New Jersey organized crime family and is filmed on location at various places throughout the state. Although not credited, at least one scene from The Godfather (1972) was filmed in New Jersey. The scene with Clemenza's famous line, "Leave the gun. Take the cannolis," was filmed in the marsh along the Hudson River in Jersey City, just west of the Statue of Liberty, in what is now Liberty State Park. The 2004 Sundance Film Festival favorite Garden State (starring Zach Braff and Natalie Portman) was shot on location in Morris Township. Also, the popular animated series Aqua Teen Hunger Force and Megas XLR take place primarily in New Jersey. Director Kevin Smith sets many of his films in New Jersey, particularly his "New Jersey Trilogy" of Clerks., Mallrats and Chasing Amy. The 2004 movie Jersey Girl is also based in New Jersey. Clerks. also had a short-lived animated series spin-off with the same name. It took place in the same locations as the movie. 2001's A Beautiful Mind had several scenes shot at Princeton University. The movie is a biopic of the mathematician John Nash, who currently lives in Princeton, New Jersey. Actor Jack Nicholson grew up on the Jersey shore, and went to Manasquan High School in Monmouth County. The 2004 stoner film Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle took place in New Jersey. Several locations seen in the movie include Princeton University, Newark, New Brunswick, and a fictional White Castle in Cherry Hill. Although supposedly set in New York, the 2003 movie School of Rock was filmed primarily in Edison and Mahwah, perhaps due to the significance these towns have on rock music. The 1988 comedy film Big starring Tom Hanks, Elizabeth Perkins, Robert Loggia, Jon Lovitz, and Mercedes Ruehl was also filmed in Bergen County, New Jersey. The 1983 cult classic Eddie and the Cruisers was filmed mostly in Somers Point and Ocean City. Bruce Willis grew up in Penns Grove, New Jersey. The movie