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Jimmie Noone

Jimmie Noone

Jimmie Noone (sometimes spelled Jimmy Noone) (April 23, 1895 – April 19, 1944) was an early jazz clarinetist. clarinetist Jimmie Noone was born in Cut Off, Louisiana. He started playing guitar in his home town; at the age of 15 he switched to clarinet and moved to New Orleans, where he studied with Lorenzo Tio. By c. 1912 was playing professionally, with Freddie Keppard in Storyville, and played with Buddy Petit, Kid Ory, Papa Celestin, the Eagle Band, and the Young Olympia Band, before joining the Original Creole Orchestra in Chicago, Illinois in 1917. The following year joined King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band, then in 1920 joined Keppard in Doc Cooke's band which he would remain with for 6 years, and make early recordings with. In 1926 he started leading the band for at Chicago's Apex Club. In 1935 Noone moved New York City to start a band and a (short lived) club with Wellman Braud. He then returned to Chicago where he played at various clubs until 1943 when he moved to Los Angeles, California, shortly after that he joined Kid Ory's band which made radio broadcasts. He died suddenly from a heart-attack; Kid Ory's band recorded "Blues for Jimmie Noone" in his honor. Noone is generally regareded as one of the greats of the second generation of jazz clarinetists, along with Johnny Dodds and Sidney Bechet. Noone's playing is not as blues tinged as Dodds nor as flamboyant as Bechet, but is perhaps more lyrical and sophisticated, and certainly makes more use of "sweet" flavoring, than the others. Noone was an important influence on later clarinetists such as Artie Shaw and Benny Goodman. Jimmie Noone died in Los Angeles, California.

External links


- [http://www.redhotjazz.com/noone.html Jimmie Noone on redhotjazz.com]
- [http://www.aaregistry.com/african_american_history/825/Jimmie_Noone_a_polished_player_of_jazz Jimmie Noone on The African American Registry] Noone, Jimmie Noone, Jimmie Noone, Jimmie Noone, Jimmmie Noone, Jimmie Noone, Jimmie

April 23

April 23 is the 113th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (114th in leap years). There are 252 days remaining.

Events


- 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Lake Trasimene.
- 1014 - Battle of Clontarf: Brian Boru defeats Viking invaders, but is killed in battle.
- 1348 - The founding of the Order of the Garter by King Edward III of England is announced on St George's Day.
- 1521 - Battle of Villalar: King Charles I of Spain defeats the Comuneros.
- 1533 - The Church of England annuls the marriage between Catherine of Aragon and Henry VIII of England.
- 1564 - Playwright William Shakespeare is Born
- 1597 - Shakespeare's The Merry Wives of Windsor is first performed, with Queen Elizabeth I of England in attendance.
- 1616 - Famous Playwright William Shakespeare Died. Also Spanish Novelist, Poet and Playwright Miguel de Cervantes Died.
- 1660 - Treaty of Oliwa is established between Sweden and Poland.
- 1661 - King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland is crowned in Westminster Abbey.
- 1827 - William Rowan Hamilton presents his Theory of systems of rays.
- 1867 - William Lincoln patents the zoetrope, a machine which shows animated pictures by mounting a strip of drawings in a wheel.
- 1920 - The national council in Turkey denounces the government of Sultan Mehmed VI and announces a temporary constitution.
- 1923 - Inauguration ceremonies take place of Gdynia as a temporary military port and fishers' shelter.
- 1932 - The 153-year old De Adriaan Windmill in Haarlem, the Netherlands burns down.
- 1935 - Polish Constitution of 1935 is adopted.
- 1940 - A fire at a dance hall in Natchez, Mississippi kills 198 people.
- 1942 - World War II: Baedeker Blitz – German bombers hit Exeter, Bath and York in retaliation for the British raid on Lübeck.
- 1948 - 1948 Arab-Israeli War: Haifa, the major port of Israel, is captured from Palestinian forces.
- 1954 - Hank Aaron hits his first major league home run.
- 1956 - Elvis Presley makes his first appearance in Las Vegas, Nevada.
- 1967 - A group of young radicals are expelled from the Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN). This group goes on to found the Socialist Workers Party (POS).
- 1968 - The United Kingdom produces its first decimalised coins, a 5p and a 10p coin.
- 1968 - Vietnam War: Student protesters at Columbia University in New York City take over administration buildings and shut down the university.
- 1974 - A Pan American World Airways Boeing 707 crashes in Bali, Indonesia, killing 107.
- 1979 - Fighting in London between the Anti-Nazi League and the Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group results in the death of protestor Blair Peach.
- 1981 - Stefano Bontade, Mafia boss in Sicily, is murdered in Palermo, the opening shot in a Mob War orchestrated by Salvatore Riina.
- 1985 - New Coke, a marketing disaster is introduced.
- 1990 - Namibia becomes the 160th member of the United Nations and the 50th member of the British Commonwealth.
- 1993 - Eritreans vote overwhelmingly for independence from Ethiopia in a United Nations-monitored referendum.
- 1994 - Physicists discover the top quark subatomic particle.
- 1997 - Omaria massacre in Algeria; 42 villagers killed.
- 2001 - Intel introduces the Pentium 4 Processor.
- 2003 - Beijing closes all schools for two weeks due to the SARS virus.

Births


- 1185 - King Afonso II of Portugal (d. 1223)
- 1484 - Julius Caesar Scaliger, Italian philosopher (d. 1558)
- 1500 - Alexander Ales, Scottish theologian (d. 1565)
- 1516 - Georg Fabricius, German poet, historian, and archaeologist (d. 1571)
- 1564 - William Shakespeare, English poet and playwright (d. 1616)
- 1598 - Maarten Tromp, Dutch admiral (d. 1653)
- 1628 - Johann van Waveren Hudde, Dutch mathematician (d. 1704)
- 1676 - King Frederick I of Sweden (d. 1751)
- 1720 - Vilna Gaon, Lithuanian rabbi (d. 1797)
- 1775 - William Turner, English ornithologist (d. 1851)
- 1791 - James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States (d. 1868)
- 1792 - John Thomas Romney Robinson, Irish astronomer and physicist (d. 1882)
- 1805 - Johann Karl Friedrich Rosenkranz, German philosopher (d. 1879)
- 1813 - Stephen A. Douglas, U.S. Senator from Illinois and Presidential candidate (d. 1861)
- 1823 - Abd-ul-Mejid, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1861)
- 1858 - Max Planck, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1947)
- 1861 - Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, British general (d. 1936)
- 1867 - Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger, Danish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1928)
- 1876 - Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, German historian (d. 1925)
- 1880 - Michel Fokine, Russian choreographer and dancer (d. 1942)
- 1882 - Albert Coates, British composer (d. 1953)
- 1889 - Karel Doorman, Dutch admiral (d. 1942)
- 1891 - Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer (d. 1953)
- 1893 - Frank Borzage, American film director (d. 1952)
- 1893 - Allen Dulles, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1969)
- 1895 - Ngaio Marsh, New Zealand writer (d. 1982)
- 1897 - Lucius Clay, American general (d. 1978)
- 1897 - Lester B. Pearson, fourteenth Prime Minister of Canada, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1972)
- 1899 - Dame Ngaio Marsh, New Zealand author (d. 1982)
- 1899 - Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1979)
- 1900 - Joseph Green, Polish-born actor and director (d. 1996)
- 1901 - E.B. Ford, British ecological geneticist (d. 1988)
- 1902 - Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1998)
- 1904 - Duncan Renaldo, Spanish-American actor (d. 1985)
- 1907 - Fritz Wotruba, Austrian sculptor
- 1910 - Simone Simon, French actress (d. 2005)
- 1918 - Maurice Druon, French author
- 1921 - Warren Spahn, baseball player (d. 2003)
- 1923 - Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas
- 1923 - Avram Davidson, American writer (d. 1993)
- 1928 - Shirley Temple, American actress and politician
- 1932 - Jim Fixx, American athlete and writer (d. 1984)
- 1932 - Halston, American fashion designer (d. 1990)
- 1932 - Estelle Harris, American actress
- 1935 - Bunky Green, American musician
- 1935 - Ray Peterson, American singer (d. 2005)
- 1936 - Roy Orbison, American singer and musician (d. 1988)
- 1939 - Lee Majors, American actor
- 1941 - Jacqueline Boyer, French singer
- 1941 - Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland
- 1942 - Sandra Dee, American actress (d. 2005)
- 1943 - Tony Esposito, Canadian hockey player
- 1943 - Hervé Villechaize, French actor (d. 1993)
- 1947 - Bernadette Devlin, Irish politician
- 1949 - Joyce DeWitt, American actress
- 1954 - Michael Moore, American filmmaker
- 1955 - Judy Davis, Australian actress
- 1955 - Tony Miles, English chess player (d. 2001)
- 1960 - Valerie Bertinelli, American actress
- 1960 - Steve Clark, English guitarist (Def Leppard) (d. 1991)
- 1961 - George Lopez, American actor and comedian
- 1967 - Melina Kanakaredes, American actress
- 1968 - Timothy McVeigh, American terrorist (d. 2001)
- 1972 - Patricia Manterola, Mexican singer
- 1977 - John Cena, American professional wrestler and rapper
- 1979 - Jaime King, American actress
- 1983 - Daniela Hantuchová, Slovakian tennis player
- 1989 - Nicole Vaidisová, Czech tennis player

Deaths


- 303 - Saint George, Roman soldier and Christian martyr
- 725 - Wihtred, King of Kent
- 871 - Ethelred of Wessex
- 1014 - Brian Boru, High King of Ireland (killed in battle)
- 1016 - Ethelred II of England
- 1124 - King Alexander I of Scotland (b. 1078)
- 1151 - Queen Adeliza of England (b. 1103)
- 1217 - King Inge II of Norway (b. 1185)
- 1407 - Olivier de Clisson, French soldier (b. 1326)
- 1616 - Miguel Cervantes, Spanish author (b. 1547)
- 1616 - William Shakespeare, English writer and actor (b. 1564)
- 1625 - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange (b. 1567)
- 1702 - Margaret Fell, English Quaker leader (b. 1614)
- 1740 - Thomas Tickell, English writer (b. 1685)
- 1781 - James Abercrombie, British general (b. 1706)
- 1792 - Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, German theologian and adventurer (b. 1741)
- 1794 - Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes, French statesman (executed) (b. 1721)
- 1850 - William Wordsworth, English poet (b. 1770)
- 1889 - Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, French writer (b. 1808)
- 1895 - Carl Ludwig, German physician (b. 1815)
- 1936 - Teresa de la Parra, Venezuelan writer (b. 1889)
- 1951 - Charles G. Dawes, Vice President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1865)
- 1952 - Julius Freed, American inventor and banker (b. 1887)
- 1975 - William Hartnell, English actor (b. 1908)
- 1979 - Blair Peach, New Zealand-born anti-fascist (b. 1946)
- 1979 - Lauri Ylönen, Helsinki born, The Rasmus lead vocalist (b. 1979)
- 1983 - Buster Crabbe, American swimmer and actor (b. 1908)
- 1984 - Red Garland, American jazz pianist (b. 1923)
- 1985 - Sam Ervin, American politician (b. 1896)
- 1986 - Harold Arlen, American composer (b. 1905)
- 1986 - Jim Laker, English cricketer (b. 1922)
- 1986 - Otto Preminger, Austrian-born film director (b. 1906)
- 1990 - Paulette Goddard, American actress (b. 1911)
- 1991 - Johnny Thunders, American musician (b. 1952)
- 1992 - Satyajit Ray, Indian filmmaker (b. 1921)
- 1993 - César Chávez, American labor activist (b. 1927)
- 1995 - Howard Cosell, American sports journalist (b. 1918)
- 1995 - John C. Stennis, U.S. Senator from Mississippi (b. 1904)
- 1996 - P. L. Travers, Australian author (b. 1899)
- 1997 - Denis Compton, English cricketer (b. 1918)
- 1998 - James Earl Ray, American assassin (b. 1928)
- 2002 - Linda Lovelace, American actress (b. 1949)
- 2003 - James H. Critchfield, American Central Intelligence agent (b. 1917)
- 2003 - Fernand Fonssagrives, French photographer (b. 1910)
- 2005 - Sir Joh Bjelke-Petersen, Premier of Queensland (b. 1911)
- 2005 - Al Grassby, Australian immigration minister (b. 1928)
- 2005 - Sir John Mills, English actor (b. 1908)
- 2005 - Romano Scarpa, Italian-born comic artist (b. 1927)
- 2005 - Earl Wilson, baseball player (b. 1934)

Holidays and observances


- Feast Day of Saint George:
  - National Day of England
  - Celebrated as St. Jordi's Day in Catalonia, presents of books and roses. See below.
- Catalonia - Lover's Day. Men receive a book as a gift from their romantic interest, while women receive roses. The book is in honor of Shakespeare's and Cervantes's death on April 23, 1616.
- Turkey - National Sovereignty and Children's Day (1920)
- Israel - Yom Ha'atzma'ut (Israeli Independence Day) for 2007: (the observed date of this national holiday is determined by the Jewish Calendar).
- Jurgi festival, in ancient Latvia
- Independence Day for the Conch Republic
- UNESCO International Day of the Book
- National Beer Day in Germany

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/23 BBC: On This Day] ---- April 22 - April 24 - March 23 - May 23 – listing of all days ko:4월 23일 ms:23 April ja:4月23日 simple:April 23 th:23 เมษายน

April 19

April 19 is the 109th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (110th in leap years). There are 256 days remaining.

Events


- 1012 - Martyrdom of St Alphege in Greenwich, London.
- 1529 - At the Diet of Speyer, a group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protests the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms, beginning the Protestant movement.
- 1587 - Sir Francis Drake sinks the French fleet in Cádiz Harbor.
- 1692 - Bridget Bishop's (in Salem, MA--accused of being a witch) trial.
- 1713 - With no living male heirs, Emperor Charles VI issues the Pragmatic Sanction to ensure that Habsburg lands and the Austrian throne would be inherited by his daughter, Maria Theresa.
- 1775 - American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Lexington and Concord – British General Thomas Gage attempts to confiscate American colonists' firearms. Captain John Parker orders his band of minutemen to not fire unless fired upon. Random shots rang out among the British soldiers. The minutemen promptly fired back. This was the "shot heard round the world." The British are driven back to Boston, Massachusetts, thus beginning the American Revolutionary War.
- 1809 - The army of Austria attacks and is defeated by the forces of the Duchy of Warsaw in the Battle of Raszyn, part of the struggles of the Fifth Coalition.
- 1810 - Venezuela achieves home rule: Emparan, Governor of the Captaincy General is removed by the people of Caracas and a Junta is installed.
- 1839 - The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom.
- 1861 - American Civil War: A pro-Secession mob in Baltimore, Maryland, attacks United States Army troops marching through the city.
- 1892 - Charles Duryea claims to have driven the first automobile in the United States, in Springfield, Massachusetts.
- 1904 - Much of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is destroyed by fire.
- 1909 - Joan of Arc receives beatification.
- 1919 - Leslie Irvin of the United States makes the first successful parachute jump and free fall.
- 1927 - Mae West is sentenced to 10 days in jail for obscenity for her play Sex.
- 1928 - The 125th and final fascicle of the Oxford English Dictionary is published.
- 1933 - President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces that the United States will be abandoning the gold standard.
- 1934 - Shirley Temple debuts in Stand Up and Cheer.
- 1938 - RCA–NBC begins regular television broadcasts.
- 1943 - World War II: In Poland, German troops enter the Warsaw ghetto to round up the remaining Jews, beginning the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.
- 1943 - Bicycle Day – Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann deliberately takes LSD for the first time.
- 1950 - Argentina becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
- 1951 - General Douglas MacArthur retires from the military.
- 1956 - Actress Grace Kelly marries Rainier III of Monaco.
- 1960 - Students in South Korea hold a nationwide pro-democracy protest against their president Syngman Rhee, eventually forcing him to resign.
- 1961 - The Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba ends in failure.
- 1971 - Sierra Leone becomes a republic, and Siaka Stevens the president.
- 1971 - Vietnam War: Vietnam Veterans Against the War begin a five-day demonstration in Washington, DC.
- 1971 - Charles Manson is sentenced to life in prison for the Sharon Tate murders.
- 1971 - Launch of Salyut 1, first human-made space station.
- 1978 - Lagumot Harris is elected President of Nauru.
- 1980 - In The Hague, Netherlands, Johnny Logan wins the twenty-fifth Eurovision Song Contest for Ireland singing "What's Another Year".
- 1989 - A gun turret explodes on the USS Iowa, killing 47 sailors.
- 1989 - Trisha Meili, the "Central Park Jogger" is raped.
- 1993 - The 50-day siege of the Branch Davidian building outside Waco, Texas, USA, ends when a fire breaks out. Eighty-one people die.
- 1995 - Oklahoma City bombing: The Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, is bombed, killing 168.
- 1999 - The German Bundestag returns to Berlin.
- 2000 - An Air Philippines Boeing 737-200 crashes near Davao International Airport, killing 131.
- 2005 - Joseph Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI on the second day of the Papal conclave.

Births


- 1320 - King Peter I of Portugal (d. 1367)
- 1452 - King Ferdinand II of Aragon (d. 1504)
- 1603 - Michel le Tellier, French statesman (d. 1685)
- 1658 - Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine (d. 1716)
- 1665 - Jacques Lelong, French bibliographer (d. 1721)
- 1686 - Vasily Tatishchev, Russian statesman (d. 1750)
- 1721 - Thomas McKean, signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (d. 1817)
- 1721 - Roger Sherman, signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence (d. 1793)
- 1785 - Alexandre Pierre François Boëly, French composer (d. 1858)
- 1793 - Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (d. 1875)
- 1832 - José Echegaray y Eizaguirre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1916)
- 1874 - Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (d. 1952)
- 1882 - Getúlio Vargas, President of Brazil (d. 1954)
- 1883 - Richard von Mises, Austrian-born mathematician (d. 1953)
- 1892 - Germaine Tailleferre, French composer (d. 1983)
- 1897 - Peter de Noronha, Indian businessman and philanthropist (d. 1970)
- 1897 - Constance Talmadge, American actress (d. 1973)
- 1899 - George O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
- 1900 - Richard Hughes, English novelist (d. 1976)
- 1903 - Eliot Ness, American lawman (d. 1957)
- 1912 - Glenn Seaborg, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1999)
- 1919 - Merce Cunningham, American dancer and choreographher
- 1922 - Erich Hartmann, German pilot (d. 1993)
- 1925 - Hugh O'Brian, American actor
- 1928 - Alexis Korner, English musician (d. 1984)
- 1930 - Dick Sargent, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1933 - Dickie Bird, English cricket umpire
- 1933 - Jayne Mansfield, American actress (d. 1967)
- 1935 - Dudley Moore, English actor, musician, comedian, composer (d. 2002)
- 1936 - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium
- 1937 - Elinor Donahue, American actress
- 1937 - Joseph Estrada, actor and President of the Philippines
- 1944 - James Heckman, American economist, Nobel Prize
- 1944 - Bernie Worrell, American keyboardist (P Funk)
- 1946 - Tim Curry, British actor
- 1947 - Murray Perahia, American pianist
- 1952 - Alexis Arguello, Nicaraguan boxer
- 1953 - Ruby Wax, British television personality
- 1960 - Roger Merrett, Australian footballer
- 1960 - Frank Viola, baseball player
- 1962 - Al Unser, Jr., American race car driver
- 1965 - Suge Knight, American record producer
- 1967 - Steven H Silver, American science fiction editor
- 1967 - Greg Ferrara, Independent Filmmaker, writer
- 1967 - Dar Williams, American musician and songwriter
- 1968 - Mswati III, King of Swaziland
- 1968 - Ashley Judd, American actress
- 1970 - Kelly Holmes, English athlete
- 1970 - Luis Miguel, Puerto Rican singer
- 1972 - Rivaldo, Brazilian footballer
- 1975 - Jason Gillespie, Australian cricketer
- 1975 - Jussi Jaaskelainen, Finnish footballer
- 1978 - James Franco, American actor
- 1978 - Gabriel Heinze, Argentinian footballer
- 1979 - Kate Hudson, American actress
- 1981 - Hayden Christensen, Canadian actor
- 1981 - Catalina Sandino Moreno, Colombian actress
- 1987 - Maria Sharapova, Russian tennis player

Deaths


- 1012 - Alphege, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 954)
- 1054 - Pope Leo IX (b. 1002)
- 1390 - King Robert II of Scotland (b. 1316)
- 1560 - Philipp Melanchthon, German humanist and reformer (b. 1497)
- 1578 - Uesugi Kenshin, Japanese samurai and warlord (b. 1530)
- 1588 - Paolo Veronese, Italian painter
- 1608 - Thomas Sackville, 1st Earl of Dorset, English statesman and poet (b. 1536)
- 1627 - John Beaumont, English poet (b. 1583)
- 1629 - Sigismondo d'India, Italian composer
- 1632 - King Sigismund I of Sweden (b. 1561)
- 1686 - Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra, Spanish writer (b. 1610)
- 1689 - Queen Christina of Sweden (b. 1626)
- 1733 - Elizabeth Villiers, mistress of William III of England
- 1768 - Canaletto, Italian artist (b. 1697)
- 1791 - Richard Price, Welsh philosopher (b. 1723)
- 1813 - Benjamin Rush, physician, activist (b. 1745)
- 1824 - George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, English poet (b. 1788)
- 1881 - Benjamin Disraeli, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804)
- 1882 - Charles Darwin, English biologist (b. 1809)
- 1906 - Pierre Curie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1859)
- 1914 - Charles Sanders Peirce, American philosopher and mathematician (b. 1839)
- 1916 - Ephraim Shay, American inventor (b. 1839)
- 1926 - Alexander Alexandrovich Chuprov, Russian statistician (b. 1874)
- 1930 - Georges-Casimir Dessaulles, Canadian senator (b. 1827)
- 1937 - William Martin Conway, British art critic and mountaineer (b. 1856)
- 1949 - Ulrich Salchow, Swedish figure skater (b. 1877)
- 1950 - Ernst Robert Curtius, Alsatian philologist (b. 1886)
- 1967 - Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
- 1971 - Russ Hodges, American sports broadcaster (b. 1910)
- 1971 - Earl Thomson, Canadian athlete (b. 1895)
- 1973 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian-born legal theorist
- 1974 - Ayub Khan, President of Pakistan (b. 1907)
- 1975 - Percy L. Julian, American chemist (b. 1899)
- 1987 - Hugh Brannum, American actor (b. 1910)
- 1987 - Maxwell D. Taylor, American general and diplomat (b. 1901)
- 1989 - Daphne du Maurier, English author (b. 1907)
- 1992 - Frankie Howerd, English comedian and actor (b. 1917)
- 1993 - David Koresh, American cult leader (b. 1959)
- 1998 - Octavio Paz, Mexican diplomat and writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
- 2002 - Layne Staley, American musician (b. 1967)
- 2004 - Norris McWhirter, Scottish co-founder of the Guinness Book of Records (b. 1925)
- 2004 - John Maynard Smith, English bioligist (b. 1920)
- 2005 - Ruth Hussey, American actress (b. 1911)
- 2005 - Bryan Ottoson, American musician (b. 1978)
- 2005 - Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen, Danish jazz bassist (b. 1946)

Holidays and observances


- Patriots Day (Massachusetts, Maine, and Wisconsin, USA)
- Declaration of Independence Day (Venezuela)
- Republic Day (Sierra Leone)
- Landing of the 33 (Uruguay)
- Feast day of the following saints in the Roman Catholic Church:
  - Saint Emma
  - George of Antioch
  - Ursmar
  - Expeditus
- Primrose Day (England) – primroses are placed on the statue of Benjamin Disraeli in Parliament Square, London on the anniversary of his death (1881). There was a mistaken idea that the primrose was Lord Beaconsfield's favourite flower, since Queen Victoria sent them to his funeral.
- The Roman holiday of Cerealia ends. (Roman Empire)
- Bicycle Day
- Easter Sunday 1908, 1981, 1987, 1992. In the Gregorian Calendar Easter Sunday falls on 19 April more often than on any other date.

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/april/19 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.tnl.net/when/4/19 Today in History: April 19] ---- April 18 - April 20 - March 19 - May 19 – listing of all days ko:4월 19일 ms:19 April ja:4月19日 simple:April 19 th:19 เมษายน

1944

1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

World War II

January


- January 4 - The Battle of Monte Cassino begins.
- January 5 - Murder of Danish playwright Kaj Munk.
- January 14 - The Soviet troops start the offensive at Leningrad and Novgorod.
- January 17 - British forces, in Italy, cross the Garigliano River.
- January 17 - Meat Rationing ends in Australia.
- January 20 - The Royal Air Force drops 2,300 tons of bombs on Berlin. The U.S. Army 36th Infantry Division, in Italy, attempts to cross the Rapido River.
- January 22 - Allies begin Operation Shingle, the assault on Anzio, Italy. The U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division stand their ground at Anzio against violent assaults for 4 months.
- January 27 - The two year Siege of Leningrad is lifted.
- January 29 - The Battle of Cisterna takes place.
- January 30 - United States troops invade Majuro, Marshall Islands.
- January 31 - American forces land on Kwajalein Atoll and other islands in the Japanese-held Marshall Islands.

February


- February 1 - United States troops land in the Marshall Islands.
- February 3 - United States troops capture the Marshall Islands.
- February 7 - In Anzio, Italian forces launch a counteroffensive.
- February 14 - Anti-Japanese revolt on Java.
- February 15 - Battle of Monte Cassino - the monastery atop Monte Cassino is destroyed by Allied bombing.
- February 17 - Battle of Eniwetok Atoll begins. The battle ended in an American victory on February 22.
- February 20 - "Big Week" begins with American bomber raids on German aircraft manufacturing centers.
- February 20 - The United States takes Eniwetok Island.
- February 29 - The Admiralty Islands are invaded in the American General Douglas MacArthur-led Operation Brewer.

March


- March - The Japanese launch an offensive in central and south China.
- March 1 - USS Tarawa and USS Kearsarge laid down.
- March 1 - Anti-fascist strike in northern Italy.
- March 2 - Train stalls inside a railway tunnel outside Salerno, Italy - 426 choke to death
- March 3 - The Order of Nakhimov and the Order of Ushakov were instituted in USSR
- March 10 - In Britain the Education Act lifts the ban on women teachers marrying.
- March 12 - The Creation of the politic Committee of national liberation in Greece.
- March 15 - Battle of Monte Cassino - Allied aircraft bomb German-held monastery and stage an assault.
- March 15 - The National Counsil of the French Resistance approves the Resistance programme.
- March 17 - The hitlerists assassinate at Rîbniţa almost 400 prisoners, Soviet citizens and anti-fascist Romanians.
- March 18 - German forces occupy Hungary.
- March 20 - RAF Flight Sergeant Nicholas Alkemade's bomber is hit over Germany and he has to bail out without a parachute from the height of over 4000 meters. Tree branches interrupt his fall and he lands safely on deep snow

May


- May 5 - Mohandas Gandhi released in India.
- May 9 - Soviet troops liberate Sevastopol.
- May 12 - Soviet troops finalize the liberation of Crimea.
- May 18 - Battle of Monte Cassino - Germans evacuate Monte Cassino and Allied forces take the stronghold after a struggle that claimed 20,000 lives.
- May 18 - Deportation of Crimean Tatars by the Soviet Union government.

June

Soviet Union].
- June 2 - The provisional French government is established.
- June 4 - A hunter-killer group of the United States Navy captures the German submarine U-505, marking the first time a U.S. Navy vessel had captured an enemy vessel at sea since the 19th century.
- June 4 - American, English and French troops enter Rome.
- June 5 - Rome falls to the Allies. It is the first capital of an Axis nation to fall.
- June 5 - More than 1000 British bombers drop 5000 tons of bombs on German gun batteries on the Normandy coast in preparation for D-Day.
- June 6 - Battle of Normandy begins - Operation Overlord, code named D-Day, commences with the landing of 155,000 Allied troops on the beaches of Normandy in France. The allied soldiers quickly break through the Atlantic Wall and push inland in the largest amphibious military operation in history.
- June 9 - Stalin launches an offensive against Finland with the intent of defeating Finland before pushing for Berlin.
- June 10 - 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France.
- June 13 - Germany launches a V1 Flying Bomb attack on England.
- June 15 - Battle of Saipan: The United States invades Saipan.
- June 17 - The proclamation of the Republic of Iceland.
- June 22 - Operation Bagration: General attack by Soviet forces to clear the German forces from Belarus which resulted in the destruction of the German Army Group Centre, possibly the greatest defeat of the Wehrmacht during WWII.
- June 25 - The Battle of Tali-Ihantala between Finnish and Soviet troops begins. Largest battle ever to be fought in the Nordic countries.
- June 26 - American troops enter Cherbourg.

July


- July 3 - Soviet troops liberate Minsk.
- July 9 - British and Canadian forces capture Caen.
- July 10 - Soviet troops start the operations for freeing the Baltic countries.
- July 13 - Liberation of Vilnius.
- July 17 - The largest convoy of the war embarks from Halifax, Nova Scotia under Royal Canadian Navy protection.
- July 17 - SS E.A.Bryan, loaded with ammunition, explodes in the Port Chicago naval base - 320 dead
- July 18 - Hideki Tojo resigns as Prime Minister of Japan due to numerous setbacks in the war effort.
- July 20 - Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt. See Claus von Stauffenberg
- July 21 - Battle of Guam - American troops land on Guam starting the battle (ends on August 10).
- July 21 - The creation of the Polish Committee for national liberation.
- July 25 - Operation Spring - One of the bloodiest days for Canadians during the war: 18,444 casualties, including 5,021 killed.

August


- August 1 - Warsaw Uprising begins.
- August 2 - Turkey ends diplomatic and economic relations with Germany.
- August 7 - IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I).
- August 12 - Allies capture Florence, Italy.
- August 12 - World's first undersea oil pipeline laid, between England and France in Operation Pluto
- August 15 - Operation Dragoon lands Allies in southern France. U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division participates in its fourth assault landing at St. Maxime, spearheading the drive for the Belfort Gap.
- August 19 - (August 25) Victorious insurrection in Paris.
- August 23 - Ion Antonescu, prime minister of Romania, is arrested and a new government is established. Romania exits the war against Russia joining the Allies.
- August 24 - Allies enter Paris.
- August 25 - Hungary decides to continue the war together with Germany.
- August 29 - Slovak National Uprising begins

September


- September 1 - In Bulgaria, the Bagrianov government resigns.
- September 2 - Holocaust: Diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to Auschwitz. They arrive three days later.
- September 3 - Allies liberate Brussels.
- September 4 - The British 11th Armored Division liberates the city of Antwerp in Belgium.
- September 4 - Finland breaks off relations with Germany.
- September 5 - The Soviets declare war on Bulgaria.
- September 7 - The Belgian government returns from exile in Britain.
- September 8 - London is hit by a V2 rocket for the first time.
- September 8 - The French town of Menton is liberated from Germany.
- September 9 - Insurrection in Sofia.
- September 11 - Northern and southern France invasion forces link up near Dijon.
- September 17 - Operation Market Garden begins.
- September 19 - Armistice between Finland and Soviet Union signed. (End of the Continuation War)
- September 24 - The U.S. Army 45th Infantry Division takes the strongly defended city of Epinal before crossing the Moselle River and entering the western foothills of the Vosges.
- September 26 - Operation Market Garden ends in an Allied withdrawal.

October


- October 2 - Warsaw Uprising ends.
- October 5 - Canadian Air Force pilots shoot down the first German jet fighter over France.
- October 9 - British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Union Premier Joseph Stalin begin a nine-day conference in Moscow to discuss the future of Europe.
- October 12 - The Allies land at Athens.
- October 13 - Riga, the capital of Latvia is liberated by the Red Army.
- October 14 - German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel committed suicide rather than face execution for allegedly conspiring against Adolf Hitler.
- October 18 - Volkssturm founded on Hitler's orders.
- October 20 - Belgrade is liberated by Yugoslav Partisans and the Red Army.
- October 20 - LNG explosion destroys a square mile (2.6 km²) of Cleveland, Ohio
- October 21 - Aachen is the first German city to fall.
- October 23 - Naval Battle of Leyte Gulf in the Philippines begins (lasts until October 26).
- October 25 - Florence Foster Jenkins recital in the Carnegie Hall
- October 25 - Red Army liberates Kirkenes, the first town in Norway to be liberated from German occupation.
- October 31 - Mass murderer Marcel Petiot is apprehended in Paris metro station

November-December


- November 6 - Two Lehi assassins kill Lord Moyne in Cairo
- November 12 - East Turkestan Republic declared
- November 12 - The Royal Air Force carries out one of the most successful precision bombing attacks of the war, sinking the German battleship Tirpitz off the coast of Norway.
- November 19 - US President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces the 6th War Loan Drive, aimed at selling US$14 billion in war bonds to help pay for the war effort.
- November 24 - Bombing of Tokyo - The first bombing raid against the Japanese capital of Tokyo from the east and by land was made by 88 American aircraft.
- November 25 - A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's store in Deptford, killing 160 shoppers.
- November 26 - Gas chambers at Auschwitz and Stutthof are destroyed.
- November 29 - Albania is liberated from German occupation.
- December 16 - Germany begins the Ardennes offensive, later to become known as Battle of the Bulge.
- December 16 - General George C. Marshall becomes the first Five-Star General
- December 17 - German troops carry out the Malmédy massacre.
- December 24 - The Bulge reaches its deepest point at Celles.
- December 26 - American troops repulse German forces at Bastogne.
- December 31 - Hungary declares war on Germany

Other events

January-July


- January 5 - The Daily Mail becomes the first transoceanic newspaper.
- February 26 - - Shooting begins of the Nazi propaganda film, "The Fuehrer Gives a Village to the Jews" in Theresienstadt.
- March 1 - USS Tarawa laid down
- March 4 - In Ossining, New York, Louis Buchalter, the leader of 1930s crime syndicate Murder, Inc., is executed at Sing Sing.
- March 24 - In the Polish village of Markowa, German police kill Józef and Wiktoria Ulm, their six children and eight Jewish people they were hiding.
- April 25 - The United Negro College Fund is incorporated.
- May 30 - Princess Charlotte Louise Juliette Louvet Grimaldi of Monaco, heir to the throne resigns from her rights in favor of her son Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi, later reigning Prince Rainier III of Monaco.
- June 17 - Iceland declares full independence from Denmark.
- July 1 - Start of the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire.
- July 6 - A fire broke out during a performance of the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey circus in Hartford, Connecticut, resulting in the deaths of 168 people, most of them children. See Hartford Circus Fire
- July 17 - Port Chicago disaster: Near the San Francisco Bay, two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California killing 232.
- July 22 - End of Bretton Woods conference and signing of Agreements.

August-November


- August 4 - Holocaust: A tip from a Dutch informer leads the Gestapo to a sealed-off area in an Amsterdam warehouse where they find Jewish diarist Anne Frank and her family.
- August 5 - Holocaust: Polish insurgents liberate a German labor camp in Warsaw, freeing 348 Jewish prisoners.
- August 7 - IBM dedicates the first program-controlled calculator, the Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (known best as the Harvard Mark I).
- August 9 - The United States Forest Service and the Wartime Advertising Council release posters featuring Smokey the Bear for the first time.
- September 2 - Holocaust: Diarist Anne Frank and her family are placed on the last transport train from Westerbork to Auschwitz. They arrive three days later.
- October 2 - Holocaust: Nazi troops end the Warsaw Uprising.
- October 8 - The radio show, The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet debuts.
- October 10 - Holocaust: 800 Gypsy children are systematically murdered at Auschwitz death camp
- November 7 - U.S. presidential election, 1944: Franklin D. Roosevelt wins reelection over Republican challenger Thomas E. Dewey to become the only U.S. president to be elected to a fourth term.
- November 22 - William Lyon Mackenzie King introduces conscription in Canada (see Conscription Crisis of 1944).

December


- December 3 - Civil war breaks out in a newly-liberated Greece, between Communists and royalists.
- December 1 - Edward Stettinius Jr. becomes becomes the last United States Secretary of State of the Roosevelt administration, by filling the seat left by the Cordell Hull.
- December 26 - The play The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams was first publicly performed.
- December 30 - King George II of Greece declares a regency, leaving his throne vacant.

Unknown dates


- In Sweden, the law of 1864 that criminalizes homosexuality is abolished.
- Swedish author of children's books Astrid Lindgren publishes her first book Pippi Longstocking.
- In Sweden, Erik Wallenberg and Ruben Rausing invent a way to package milk in paper and start the company Tetra Pak.
- Barbados General election - Grantley Adams, black lawyer, first majority party leader in the House of Assembly, as leader of Barbados Labour Party
- Hans Asperger publishes his paper on Asperger's Syndrome
- The Mad Gasser of Mattoon carries out a series of mysterious attacks in Mattoon, Illinois.
- National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence established.

Ongoing events


- Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945)
- Second World War (1939-1945)

Births

For more 1944 births see :Category:1944 births

January


- January 2 - Prince Norodom Ranariddh, Cambodian politician
- January 6 - Bonnie Franklin, American actress
- January 6 - Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Swiss immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- January 9 - Jimmy Page, English guitarist (Led Zeppelin)
- January 12 - Joe Frazier, American boxer
- January 17 - Françoise Hardy, French singer
- January 18 - Paul Keating, twenty-fourth Prime Minister of Australia
- January 23 - Rutger Hauer, Dutch actor
- January 24 - Neil Diamond, American singer
- January 26 - Angela Davis, American feminist and activist
- January 27 - Mairead Corrigan, Irish activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- January 27 - Nick Mason, English drummer (Pink Floyd)

February


- February 3 - Dave Davies, British musician (The Kinks)
- February 5 - Al Kooper, American musician (Blood, Sweat, and Tears)
- February 5 - Michael Mann, American film, director, writer, producer
- February 9 - Alice Walker, American writer
- February 10 - Vernor Vinge, American writer
- February 11 - Michael G. Oxley, American politician
- February 13 - Stockard Channing, American actress
- February 13 - Jerry Springer, English-born television host
- February 14 - Carl Bernstein, American journalist
- February 14 - Alan Parker, English-born film director, actor, and writer
- February 16 - Richard Ford, American writer
- February 17 - Karl Jenkins, Welsh composer
- February 20 - Willem van Hanegem, Dutch football player and coach
- February 22 - Jonathan Demme, American film director, producer, and writer
- February 22 - Tom Okker, Dutch tennis player
- February 23 - Johnny Winter, American musician
- February 24 - Nicky Hopkins, British musician (d. 1994)
- February 28 - Sepp Maier, German footballer

March


- March 1 - John Breaux, U.S. Senator from Louisiana
- March 1 - Roger Daltrey, English musician (The Who)
- March 2 - Uschi Glas, German actress
- March 6 - Kiri Te Kanawa, New Zealand soprano
- March 11 - Don MacLean, British comedian
- March 15 - Sly Stone, American singer
- March 17 - John Sebastian, American singer and songwriter (The Lovin' Spoonful)
- March 19 - Said Musa, Prime Minister of Belize
- March 19 - Sirhan Sirhan, Palestinian assassin of Robert F. Kennedy
- March 24 - R. Lee Ermey, U.S. Marine and actor
- March 26 - Diana Ross, American singer
- March 28 - Rick Barry, American basketball player
- March 29 - Denny McLain, baseball player

April


- April 3 - Tony Orlando, American musician
- April 4 - Craig T. Nelson, American actor
- April 6 - Felicity Palmer, English soprano
- April 7 - Gerhard Schröder, Chancellor of Germany
- April 8 - Odd Nerdrum, Norwegian painter
- April 11 - John Milius, American film director, producer, and screenwriter
- April 19 - James Heckman, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- April 22 - Steve Fossett, American millionaire adventurer
- April 28 - Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe, Belgian politician
- April 29 - Richard Kline, American actor and television director
- April 30 - Jill Clayburgh, American actress

May


- May 1 - Suresh Kalmadi, Indian politician
- May 5 - John Rhys-Davies, Welsh actor
- May 8 - Gary Glitter, English singer
- May 9 - Richie Furay, American musician (Poco and Buffalo Springfield)
- May 10 - Jim Abrahams, American film director
- May 13 - Armistead Maupin, American author
- May 12 - Sara Kestelman, British actor
-