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Jimmy Chamberlin

Jimmy Chamberlin

James Joseph "Jimmy" Chamberlin (born June 10, 1964, Joliet, Illinois) is a musician, best known as the drummer for the rock band The Smashing Pumpkins. Chamberlin's primary training was as a jazz drummer, and he played in several local outfits before joining the Pumpkins shortly after their formation in 1988, replacing a drum machine. Chamberlin's power and creativity often were credited as central to the Pumpkins' musical success. He is considered by many to be a world class drummer. Chamberlin had problems with substance abuse that came to a head at the peak of the Pumpkins' commercial popularity, during the 1996 tour for their album Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness. Prior to shows scheduled at Madison Square Garden in New York City, Chamberlin and touring keyboardist Jonathan Melvoin used heroin in a hotel room; Melvoin overdosed and died. Because of Melvoin's death, Chamberlin was kicked out of the band, and was replaced by touring and session drummers. During this time, Chamberlin went back into rehab. In late 1996, he then joined Sebastian Bach (Skid Row), Kelley Deal (The Breeders), and Jimmy Flemion (The Frogs) to form The Last Hard Men. They released one self-titled album. Three years later since his removal, in 1999, Chamberlin was re-admitted into the Smashing Pumpkins, but the band broke up in 2000 after one last album and tour. Chamberlin went on to form Zwan in 2001 along with his longtime friend and creative foil, Pumpkins singer/guitarist Billy Corgan. Zwan later disbanded in 2003. In April of 2002, Chamberlin married longtime girlfriend Lori, they both have a daughter, Audrey, who was born in December of 2002. Chamberlin later formed the Jimmy Chamberlin Complex, which recorded its debut album during 2004. Band personnel included Chamberlin (drums and lyrics), Billy Mohler (bass; also of The Calling), Sean Woolstenhulme (guitar; also of Lifehouse), and Rob Dickinson (vocals; formerly of Catherine Wheel). As well as this band, Chamberlin also had a side project with former Dead Kennedys singer Jello Biafra. Corgan announced at an April 2004 solo performance that he and Chamberlin intend to work together again in the future. The Jimmy Chamberlin Complex released Life Begins Again on January 25, 2005. In June 2005, Corgan announced plans to reunite with the Pumpkins. Chamberlin has contacted Corgan to accept.

External links


- [http://www.jimmychamberlin.com/ Official website]
- [http://www.musicemissions.com/features/bios/chamberlain_jimmy.php Biography] Chamberlin, Jimmy Chamberlin, Jimmy Chamberlin, Jimmy

June 10

June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining.

Events


- 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Saleph River while leading an army to Jerusalem.
- 1619 - Battle of Záblatí, a turning point in the Bohemian Revolt of the Thirty Years' War
- 1692 - Salem witch trials: Bridget Bishop is hanged at Gallows Hill near Salem, Massachusetts, for "certaine Detestable Arts called Witchcraft & Sorceries".
- 1719 - Battle of Glen Shiel
- 1793 - The Jardin des Plantes museum opens in Paris (becoming, a year later, the first public zoo).
- 1793 - French Revolution: Following arrests of Girondin leaders the Jacobins gain control of the Committee of Public Safety installing the revolutionary dictatorship.
- 1801 - Tripoli declares war on the United States for refusing tribute.
- 1829 - First Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge.
- 1846 - Mexican-American War: The California Republic declares independence from Mexico.
- 1854 - The first class of United States Naval Academy students graduate.
- 1864 - American Civil War: Battle of Brice's Crossroads – Confederate troops under Nathan Bedford Forrest defeat a much larger Union force led by General Samuel D. Sturgis in Mississippi.
- 1886 - Eruption of Mount Tarawera in New Zealand, killing 153 people and destroying the famous Pink and White Terraces.
- 1898 - US Marines land on the island of Cuba during the Spanish-American War.
- 1924 - Fascists kidnap and kill Italian socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
- 1925 - Inagural service for the United Church of Canada, a union of Presbyterian, Methodist, and Congregationalist churches held in Toronto arena
- 1935 - Alcoholics Anonymous is founded in Akron, Ohio, United States, by Bill Wilson and Dr. Robert Smith.
- 1940 - World War II: Italy declares war on France and the United Kingdom.
- 1940 - World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt denounces Italy's actions with [ftp://webstorage2.mcpa.virginia.edu/library/nara/fdr/audiovisual/speeches/fdr_1940_0610.mp3 "Stab in the Back"] speech from the graduation ceremonies of the University of Virginia.
- 1940 - World War II: German forces, under General Erwin Rommel, reach the English Channel.
- 1940 - World War II: Canada declares war on Italy.
- 1940 - World War II: Norway Surrenders to German forces.
- 1942 - World War II: Nazis burn the Czech village of Lidice as reprisal for the killing of Reinhard Heydrich.
- 1944 - World War II: 642 men, women and children are killed in the Oradour-sur-Glane Massacre in France.
- 1944 - In baseball, 15-year old Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds becomes the youngest player ever in a major-league game.
- 1947 - Saab produces its first automobile.
- 1965 - Vietnam War: Battle of Dong Xoai begins.
- 1967 - Six-Day War ends: Israel and Syria agree to a cease-fire.
- 1967 - Argentina becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1973 - Paul Getty III, grandson of billionaire J. Paul Getty, is kidnapped in Rome, Italy.
- 1977 - James Earl Ray escapes from Brushy Mountain State Prison in Petros, Tennessee, but is recaptured on June 13.
- 1977 - Apple Computer ships its first Apple II personal computer.
- 1978 - Costa Rica becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1980 - The African National Congress in South Africa publishes a call to fight from their imprisoned leader Nelson Mandela.
- 1980 - Percy Wood, president of United Airlines, is injured by an exploding package sent by the Unabomber.
- 1991 - In what was dubbed "The Mother of All Parades," New York City hosts a parade welcoming back troops from Operation Desert Storm.
- 1996 - Peace talks begin in Northern Ireland without Sinn Féin.
- 1997 - Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot orders the killing of his defense chief Son Sen and 11 of Sen's family members before Pol Pot flees his northern stronghold.
- 1999 - Kosovo War: NATO suspends its air strikes after Slobodan Milošević agrees to withdraw Serbian forces from Kosovo.
- 2003 - The Spirit Rover is launched, beginning NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission.
- 2001 - Pope John Paul II canonized Saint Rafqa

Births


- 1213 - Fakhruddin 'Iraqi, Persian philosopher and Sufi mystic
- 1632 - Esprit Fléchier, French writer and bishop (d. 1710)
- 1637 - Jacques Marquette, French Jesuit missionary and explorer (d. 1675)
- 1657 - James Cragg the Elder, British politician (d. 1721)
- 1688 - James Francis Edward Stuart, "The Old Pretender" (d. 1766)
- 1706 - John Dollond, English optician (d. 1761)
- 1710 - James Short, Scottish mathematician and optician (d. 1768)
- 1803 - Henry Darcy, French scientist (d. 1858)
- 1810 - Hermann Schlegel, German ornithologist (d. 1884)
- 1819 - Gustave Courbet, French painter (d. 1877)
- 1835 - Rebecca Latimer Felton, U.S. Senator (d. 1930)
- 1861 - Pierre Duhem, French physicist and philosopher of science (d. 1916)
- 1862 - Mrs. Leslie Carter, American actress (d. 1937)
- 1880 - André Derain, French painter and illustrator (d. 1954)
- 1895 - Hattie McDaniel, American actress (d. 1952)
- 1897 - Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia (d. 1918)
- 1901 - Frederick Loewe, Austrian-born American composer (d. 1988)
- 1907 - Fairfield Porter, American painter (d. 1975)
- 1910 - Howlin' Wolf, American musician (d. 1976)
- 1911 - Terence Rattigan, British playwright (d. 1977)
- 1913 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer
- 1915 - Saul Bellow, Canadian-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
- 1921 - Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
- 1922 - Judy Garland, American actress,singer, and poet (d. 1969)
- 1923 - Robert Maxwell, Czech-born newspaperman (d. 1991)
- 1926 - Lionel Jeffries British actor
- 1927 - Lin Yang-kang, Chinese politician
- 1927 - Ladislao Kubala, Hungarian-Spanish footballer (d. 2002)
- 1928 - Maurice Sendak, American writer, producer, and illustrator
- 1929 - Harald Juhnke, German actor and comedian (d. 2005)
- 1929 - Ian McCahon Sinclair, Australian politician
- 1931 - João Gilberto, Brazilian singer
- 1933 - F. Lee Bailey, American attorney
- 1940 - John Stevens, British drummer (d. 1994)
- 1941 - Jürgen Prochnow, German actor
- 1941 - Mickey Jones, American musician and actor
- 1941 - Shirley Owens, American singer (Shirelles)
- 1942 - Preston Manning, Canadian politician
- 1949 - Ronnie James Dio, American singer
- 1951 - Dan Fouts, American football player
- 1953 - John Edwards, U.S. Senator
- 1957 - Lindsay Hoyle, British politician
- 1957 - Hidetsugu Aneha, Japanese one class authorized architect and builder
- 1959 - Eliot Spitzer, New York Attorney General
- 1962 - Gina Gershon, American actress
- 1962 - Vincent Perez, Swiss actor
- 1963 - Jeanne Tripplehorn, American actress
- 1964 - Jimmy Chamberlin, American musician
- 1965 - Elizabeth Hurley, British actress
- 1968 - Jimmy Shea, American skeleton racer
- 1969 - Ronny Johnsen, Norwegian footballer
- 1971 - Joel Hailey, American singer
- 1971 - Bruno N'Gotty, French footballer
- 1973 - Faith Evans, American singer
- 1975 - Henrik Pedersen, Danish footballer
- 1976 - Freddy Garcia, baseball player
- 1978 - Shane West, American actor
- 1982 - Princess Madeleine of Sweden
- 1982 - Tara Lipinski, American figure skater
- 1982 - Leelee Sobieski, American actress

Deaths


- 323 BC - Alexander the Great (b. 356 BC)
- 1075 - Ernest of Austria (b. 1027)
- 1190 - Frederick Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor (drowned) (b. 1122)
- 1424 - Duke Ernest of Austria (b. 1377)
- 1552 - Alexander Barclay, English poet
- 1556 - Martin Agricola, German composer (b. 1486)
- 1580 - Luis de Camões, Portuguese poet
- 1607 - John Popham, English politician
- 1654 - Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor (b. 1598)
- 1680 - Johan Göransson Gyllenstierna, Swedish statesman (b. 1635)
- 1735 - Thomas Hearne, English antiquarian (b. 1678)
- 1776 - Leopold Widhalm, Austrian luthier (b. 1722)
- 1791 - Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (b. 1720)
- 1831 - Hans Karl Friedrich Anton, count von Diebitsch, Russian field marshal (b. 1785)
- 1836 - André-Marie Ampère, French physicist (b. 1775)
- 1899 - Ernest Chausson, French composer (b. 1855)
- 1901 - Robert Williams Buchanan, British poet, novelist and dramatist (b. 1841)
- 1902 - Jacint Verdaguer, Catalan poet (b. 1845)
- 1909 - Edward Everett Hale, American author (b. 1822)
- 1912 - Anton Aškerc, Slovenian poet (b. 1856)
- 1918 - Arrigo Boito, Italian poet and composer (b. 1842)
- 1923 - Pierre Loti, French sailor and writer (b. 1850)
- 1926 - Antoni Gaudí, Catalan architect (b. 1852)
- 1930 - Adolf Harnack, German theologian (b. 1851)
- 1934 - Frederick Delius, English composer (b. 1862)
- 1937 - Robert Borden, eighth Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1854)
- 1940 - Marcus Garvey, American civil rights activist (b. 1887)
- 1946 - Jack Johnson, American boxer (b. 1878)
- 1947 - Alexander Bethune, Mayor of Vancouver, British Columbia (b. 1852)
- 1949 - Sigrid Undset, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1882)
- 1958 - Angelina Weld Grimke, American journalist and poet (b. 1880)
- 1967 - Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900)
- 1971 - Michael Rennie, English actor (b. 1909)
- 1973 - William Inge, American playwright (b. 1913)
- 1974 - Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (b. 1900)
- 1976 - Adolph Zukor, Hungarian-born producer (b. 1873)
- 1982 - Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German author and film director (b. 1945)
- 1982 - Addie "Micki" Harris, American singer (Shirelles) (b. 1940)
- 1986 - Merle Miller, American biographer (b. 1919)
- 1988 - Louis L'Amour, American author (b. 1908)
- 1993 - Les Dawson, British comedian (b. 1933 or 34)
- 1996 - George Hees, Canadian politician (b. 1910)
- 1998 - Hammond Innes, English author (b. 1914)
- 2000 - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (b. 1930)
- 2000 - Brian Statham, English cricketer (b. 1930)
- 2001 - Princess Leila of Iran (b. 1970)
- 2001 - Mike Mentzer, philosopher, bodybuilder, and author (b. 1951)
- 2002 - John Gotti, American gangster (b. 1940)
- 2003 - Donald Regan, Chief of Staff and U.S. Treasury Secretary (b. 1918)
- 2003 - Bernard Williams, English philosopher (b. 1929)
- 2003 - Dr Phil Williams, Welsh politician and scientist (b. 1939)
- 2004 - Ray Charles, American singer and musician (b. 1930)
- 2005 - Curtis Pitts, American aircraft designer (b. 1915)

Holidays and observances


- Roman Empire – fourth day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta
- Portugal – National day of Portugal, Camões and the Portuguese Communities

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/june/10 BBC: On This Day] ---- June 9 - June 11 - May 10 - July 10 – listing of all days ko:6월 10일 ms:10 Jun ja:6月10日 simple:June 10 th:10 มิถุนายน

1964

:For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar).

Events

January


- January 1 - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved.
- January 3 - Senator Barry Goldwater announces that he will seek the Republican nomination for President.
- January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches since the 15th century, Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras I meet in Jerusalem.
- January 7 - A British firm, the Leyland Motor Corp., announces the sale of 450 buses to the Cuban government, challenging the United States blockade of Cuba.
- January 8 - In his first State-of-the-Union address, President Lyndon Johnson declares a "War on Poverty" in the United States.
- January 9 - Armed clashes between United States troops and Panamanian mobs in the Canal Zone precipitate a major international crisis and result in the deaths of 21 Panamanians and 4 U.S. soldiers.
- January 11 - United States Surgeon General Luther Leonidas Terry reports that smoking may be hazardous to one's health. First such statement from the U.S. government.
- January 12 - The predominantly Arab government of Zanzibar is overthrown by African nationalist rebels. A U.S. destroyer evacuates 61 U.S. citizens.
- January 12 - Terry C. Soto, Founder of PPI Enterprises of Houston, Texas, is born.
- January 13 - I Want to Hold Your Hand by The Beatles released in the United States. It will become their first North American hit and the beginning of Beatlemania.
- January 16 - Hello Dolly! opens in New York City's St. James Theatre.
- January 16 - John Glenn, the first American to orbit the earth, resigns from the space program and announces the next day that he will seek the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senator from Ohio.
- January 18 - Esther Armstrong Scottish Landscape Artist born in Dingwall,Scotland. Plans to build the World Trade Center announced.
- January 20 - Meet the Beatles, the first Beatles album in the United States, is released.
- January 22 - Kenneth Kaunda inaugurated as the first President of Northern Rhodesia.
- January 23 - Thirteen years after its proposal and nearly two years after the measure had been passed by the United States Senate 77-16, the 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified.
- January 23 - Arthur Miller's After the Fall opens on Broadway. A semi-autobiographical work, it will arouse controversy over his portrayal of late ex-wife Marilyn Monroe.
- January 27 - France and the People's Republic of China announce their decision to establish diplomatic relations.
- January 27 - Senator Margaret Chase Smith (R-Me.), 66, announces her candidacy for the Republican nomination for President.
- January 28 - A U.S. Air Force jet training plane that strays into East Germany is shot down by Soviet fighters near Erfurt. All three crew men are killed.
- January 29 - 1964 Winter Olympics open in Innsbruckand concludes on February 9. The Soviet Union launches two scientific satellites, Elektron I and II, from a single rocket.
- January 30 - The junta ruling South Vietnam since the overthrow of President Ngo Dinh Diem is itself toppled from power in a bloodless coup led by Maj. Gen. Nguyen Khanh.
- January 30 - Ranger 6 is launched by NASA. Its mission is to carry television cameras and to crash-land on the moon.

February


- February 3 - In protests against alleged de-facto school racial segregation, black and Puerto Rican groups in New York City boycott public school.
- February 6 - Cuba cuts off the normal water supply to the United States naval base at Guantanamo Bay in reprisal for U.S. seizure 4 days earlier of 4 Cuban fishing boats off the coast of Florida.
- February 7 - A jury trying Bryon De La Beckwith for the murder of Medgar Evers in June 1963 reports in Jackson, Mississippi that it was unable to agree on a verdict, resulting in a mistrial; The Beatles land in New York City.
- February 9 - The Beatles make their first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show. The 1964 Winter Olympics concludes.
- February 11 - Greeks & Turks begin fighting in Limassol, Cyprus.
- February 11 - The Republic of China (Taiwan) drops diplomatic relations with France because of French recognition of the People's Republic of China.
- February 17 - In Wesberry v. Sanders 376 US 1 1964, the Supreme Court of the United States rules that congressional districts have to be approximately equal in population.
- February 26 - John Glenn slips on a bathroom rug in his Columbus, Ohio apartment and hits his head on the bathtub, injuring his left inner ear, and prompting him (later that week) to withdraw from the race for the Senate nomination.
- February 27 - The government of Italy asks for help to keep the Leaning Tower of Pisa from toppling over.
- February 29 - President Johnson announces that the United States had developed a jet airplane (the A-11), capable of sustained flight at more than 2,000 MPH and of altitudes of more than 70,000 feet.

March


- March 4 - Jimmy Hoffa, President of the Teamsters, is convicted by a Federal jury of tampering with a Federal jury in 1962.
- March 4 – Malta gains independence.
- March 6 - Constantine II becomes King of Greece.
- March 8 - Malcolm X, suspended from the Nation of Islam, says in New York City that he is forming a black nationalist party.
- March 9 - In New York Times Co. v Sullivan 376 US 254 1964, the Supreme Court of the United States rules that under the First Amendment, speech criticizing political figures cannot be censored.
- March 9 - The first Ford Mustang rolls off the assembly line at Ford Motor Company.
- March 10 - Soviet Union military forces shoot down an unarmed reconnaissance bomber that had strayed into East Germany; the three U.S. flyers parachute to safety.
- March 10 - The New Hampshire primary is won by Henry Cabot Lodge, Ambassador to South Vietnam.
- March 12 - Malcolm X withdraws from the Nation of Islam
- March 13 - 38 residents of a neighborhood in Queens, New York City fail to respond to the cries of Kitty Genovese, 28, as she is being stabbed to death. The incident will become notorious.
- March 14 - A jury in Dallas, Texas finds Jack Ruby guilty of killing John F. Kennedy assassin Lee Harvey Oswald.
- March 20 - The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.
- March 26 - Defense Secretary Robert McNamara delivers an address that reiterated the United States determination to give South Vietnam increased military and economic aid in its war against Communist insurgency.
- March 27 - The Good Friday Earthquake, the most powerful earthquake in U.S. history at a magnitude of 9.2, strikes South Central Alaska killing 125 people and inflicting massive damage to the city of Anchorage.
- March 29 - The first pirate radio station, Radio Caroline, is established.
- March 31 - The military overthrows Brazilian President João Goulart, starting 21 years of dictatorship in Brazil.

April


- April 2 - Mrs. Malcolm Peabody, 72, mother of Governor Endicott Peabody of Massachusetts, is released on $450 bond after spending two days in jail in St. Augustine, Florida, because of her participation in an anti-segregation demonstration there.
- April 4 - The Beatles hold the top five positions in the Billboard Top 40 singles in America, an unprecedented accomplishment. Owing mostly to the explosive growth, fragmentation, and marketing of popular music since, this is certain to never happen again. The top songs in America as listed on April 4, in order, were: "Can't Buy Me Love," "Twist and Shout," "She Loves You," "I Want to Hold Your Hand," and "Please Please Me."
- April 5 - Jigme Dorfi, Premier of the Himalayan kingdom of Bhutan is shot dead by an unidentified assassin in Puncholing, near the Indian border.
- April 7 - IBM announces the System/360.
- April 8 - Four of five railroad operating unions strike against the Illinois Central Railroad without warning to bring to a head the five-year dispute over railroad work rules.
- April 9 - The United Nations Security Council adopts by a 9-0 vote a resolution deploring a British air attack on a fort in Yemen 12 days earlier in which 25 persons were reported killed.
- April 11 - The Brazilian Congress elects General Humberto Castelo Branco as President of Brazil.
- April 14 - A Delta rocket's third stage motor ignites prematurely in an assembly room at Cape Canaveral, killing 3.
- April 16 - Geraldine Mock is the first woman to fly solo around the world.
- April 17 - In the United States, the Ford Mustang is officially unveiled to the public.
- April 19 - The coalition government of Laos, headed by Prince Souvanna Phouma, is deposed by a right-wing military group led by Brig. Gen. Kouprasith Abhay.
- April 20 - President Lyndon Johnson in New York and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev in Moscow announce simultaneously plans to cut back production of materials for making nuclear weapons.
- April 20 - Nelson Mandela makes his "I Am Prepared to Die" speech at the opening of the Rivonia Trial, a classic of the anti-apartheid movement.
- April 20 - BBC2 starts broadcasting in the UK.
- April 22 - British businessman Greville Wynn, who had been imprisoned in Moscow since 1963 accused of spying, is exchanged for Soviet spy Gordon Lonsdale.
- April 22 - NY World's Fair opens to celebrate the 300th anniversary of New Amsterdam being taken over by British forces under the command of the Duke of York (later King James II) and being renamed New York in 1664. It will run until Oct. 18, 1964 and will reopen April 21, 1965, finally closing Oct. 17 of that year. Because there can only be one official world's fair in any one country within ten years and the previous officially sanctioned World's Fair was held in Seattle in 1962, this fair was never officially recognized and many countries declined to be represented.
- April 25 - Thieves steal the head of the Little Mermaid statue in Copenhagen (Henrik Bruun confesses in 1997).
- April 26 - Tanganyika and Zanzibar merge to form Tanzania.

May


- May 2 - Senator Barry Goldwater receives more than 75% of the votes in the Texas Republican Presidential primary.
- May 7 - A Pacific Air Lines Fairchild F-27 crashes near San Ramon, California, killing all 44 aboard; the FBI later reports that a cockpit recorder tape indicates that the pilot and co-pilot had been shot by a suicidal passenger.
- May 7 - At a show of post rockets from Gerhard Zucker on the mountain Hasselkopf near Braunlage (Lower Saxonia, Germany) three persons were killed by an explosion of a rocket.
- May 9 - South Korean President Chung Hee Park reshuffles his Cabinet after a series of student demonstrations against his efforts to restore diplomatic and trade relations with Japan.
- May 11 - Terence Conran opened the first Habitat store on London's Fulham Road.
- May 19 - The United States State Department says that more than 40 hidden microphones have been found embedded in the walls of the U.S. Embassy in Moscow.
- May 19 - Jovan Petronic was born in Beograd, Serbia. He is now an International Chess Master & FIDE Senior Trainer. Jovan maintains his personal website at: http://www.jovanpetronic.com
- May 23 - Mrs. Madeline Dassault, 63, wife of a French plane manufacturer and politician, is kidnapped while leaving her car in front of her Paris home; she is found unharmed the next day in a farmhouse 27 miles from Paris.
- May 23 - Pablo Picasso painted his fourth Head of a Bearded Man.
- May 24-25 - The crowd at a football match in Lima, Peru riot over a referee's decision in Peru-Argentina game - 319 dead, 500 injured in a riot.
- May 27 - Prime Minister Nehru of India dies; he is succeeded by Lal Shastri.

June


- June 2 - Senator Barry Goldwater wins the California Republican Presidential primary, making him the overwhelming favorite for the nomination.
- June 2 - Five million shares of stock in the Communications Satellite Corporation (Comsat) are offered for sale at $20 a share, and the issue is quickly sold out.
- June 3 - South Korean President Park Chung Hee declares martial law in Seoul after 10,000 student demonstrators overpower police.
- June 6 - With a temporary order the rocket launches at Cuxhaven are terminated.
- June 9 - In Federal Court in Kansas City, Kansas, army deserter George John Gessner, 28, is convicted of passing United States secrets to the Soviet Union.
- June 11 - Greece rejects direct talks with Turkey over Cyprus.
- June 11 - In Cologne, Germany, Walter Seifert attacks students and teachers in elementary school with a flamethrower - kills 10 and injures 21
- June 12 Pennsylvania Governor William Scranton announces his candidacy for the Republican Presidential nomination, as part of a 'stop-Goldwater' movement.
- June 12 - Nelson Mandela and seven others are sentenced to life imprisonment in South Africa and sent to the Robben Island prison.
- June 19 - Senator Edward Kennedy, 32, is seriously injured in a private plane crash at Southampton, Massachusetts; the pilot is killed.
- June 21 - Three civil rights workers, Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman, and James Chaney, are murdered near Philadelphia, Mississippi, by local segregationist law enforcement officials.
- June 21 - Spain beat the Soviet Union 2-1 to win the 1964 European Championship.
- June 25 - The Vatican condemns the female contraceptive pill.
- June 26 – Moise Tshombe returns to Congo from his exile from Spain.

July


- July 2 - President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law.
- July 6 - Malawi declares its independence from the United Kingdom.
- July 8 - U.S. military personnel announces that U.S. casualties in Vietnam have risen to 1,387, including 399 dead and 17 MIA.
- July 19 - Vietnam War: At a rally in Saigon, South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Khanh calls for expanding the war into North Vietnam.
- July 20 - Vietnam War - Viet Cong forces attack a provincial capital, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of which are children).
- July 22 – Second meeting of Organization of African Unity.
- July 27 - Vietnam War: 5,000 more U.S. military advisers are sent to South Vietnam bringing the total number of United States forces in Vietnam to 21,000.
- July 31 - Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon (images are 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from Earth-bound telescopes).

August


- August 4 - American civil rights movement: Civil rights workers Michael Schwerner, Andrew Goodman and James Chaney found dead in Mississippi after disappearing on June 21.
- August 4 - Vietnam War: United States destroyers USS Maddox and USS C. Turner Joy are attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin. Air support from the carrier USS Ticonderoga sinks two, possibly three North Vietnamese gunboats.
- August 5 - Vietnam War: Operation Pierce Arrow - aircraft from carriers USS Ticonderoga and USS Constellation bomb North Vietnam in retaliation for strikes against US destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.
- August 5 – Simba rebel army in Congo capture Stanleyville and takes 1000 western hostages.
- August 7 - Vietnam War: The United States Congress passes the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution giving U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson broad war powers to deal with North Vietnamese attacks on U.S. forces.
- August 8 - A Rolling Stones gig in Scheveningen gets out of control. Riot police end the gig after about 15 minutes, upon which spectators start to fight the riot police.
- August 13 - Murderers Gwynne Owen Evans and Peter Anthony Allen are executed. They are the last people to be executed in the United Kingdom.
- August 16 - Vietnam War: In a coup, General Nguyen Khanh replaces Duong Van Minh as South Vietnam's chief of state and establishes a new constitution, which the U.S. Embassy helped draft.

September


- September 4 - Forth Road Bridge opens over the Firth of Forth.
- September 10 - Germany receives its 1,000,000th foreign worker.
- September 14 - Opening of third period of Second Vatican Council.
- September 14 - the Daily Herald ceases publication, replaced by The Sun.
- September 16 - Shindig! premieres live on the American Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) featuring top musical acts of the sixties.
- September 21 - the island of Malta obtains independance from the United Kingdom.
- September 24 - The Warren Commission Report, the first official investigation of the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy, is published.

October


- October - In Photoplay magazine, Hedda Hopper announces that Sophia Loren and Paul Newman will star in the film version of Arthur Miller's play, After the Fall, with Loren in the role that was written about Marilyn Monroe. However, the film was never made.
- October 5 - Twenty-three men and 31 women escape to West Berlin through a narrow tunnel under the Berlin Wall.
- October 5 - Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip begin an 8-day visit to Canada.
- October 10 - 1964 Summer Olympics open in Tokyo.
- October 12 - The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi-person crew and the first flight without space suits.
- October 14 - American civil rights movement leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr becomes the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to end racial prejudice in the United States.
- October 14 - 15 - Nikita Khrushchev is deposed as leader of the Soviet Union; Leonid Brezhnev and Alexei Kosygin assume power.
- October 15 - United Kingdom's Labour Party wins the parliamentary elections in the United Kingdom, ending 13 years of Conservative Party rule.
- October 15 - Norman Breedlove's jet-powered car Spirit of America goes out of control in Bonnevile Salt Flats in Utah and makes skid marks 9.6 km long
- October 16 - Harold Wilson becomes British Prime Minister.
- October 16 - People's Republic of China explodes an atomic bomb in Sinkiang.
- October 18 - NY World's Fair closes for the year. It will reopen April 21, 1965.
- October 22 - Canada: A Federal Mult-Party Parliamentary Committee selects a design to become the new official Flag of Canada.
- October 24 - Northern Rhodesia, a former British protectorate, becomes the independent Republic of Zambia, ending 73 years of British rule.
- October 24 - 1964 Summer Olympics close in Tokyo.
- October 27 - In Congo, rebel leader Christopher Gbenye takes 60 Americans and 800 Belgians as hostages.
- October 29 - A collection of irreplaceable gemstones, including the 565 carat (113 g) Star of India, is stolen from the American Museum of Natural History in New York City.
- October 31 - Campaigning at Madison Square Garden, New York, President Lyndon Johnson pledges the creation of the Great Society.

November


- November 1 - Mortar fire from North Vietnamese forces rains on the USAF base at Bein Hoa, South Vietnam, killing 4 U.S. servicemen and wounding 72, and destroying five B-57 jet bombers and other planes.
- November 3 - The Bolivian government of President Victor Paz Estenssoro is overthrown by a military rebellion led by General Alfredo Ovando Candía, commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
- November 3 - U.S. presidential election, 1964: Incumbent U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson defeats Republican challenger Barry Goldwater with over 60 percent of the popular vote.
- November 5 - Mariner program: Mariner 3, a U.S. space probe, intended for Mars is launched from Cape Kennedy, but fails.
- November 9 - British House of Commons votes to abolish the death penalty for murder in Britain.
- November 10 - Australia partially reintroduces compulsory military service due to Indonesian Confrontation.
- November 19 - The U.S. Defense Department announced the closing of 95 military bases and facilities, including the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the Brooklyn Army Terminal, and Fort Jay, New York.
- November 21 - Second Vatican Council: The third period of the Catholic Church's ecumenical council closes.
- November 21 - The Verrazano Narrows Bridge opens to traffic (at the time it was the world's longest suspension bridge).
- November 24 - Belgian paratroopers and mercenaries capture Stanleyville but a number of hostages die in the fighting.
- November 28 - Mariner program: NASA launches the Mariner 4 space probe from Cape Kennedy toward Mars to take television pictures of that planet in July 1965.
- November 28 - Vietnam War: National Security Council members, including Robert McNamara, Dean Rusk, and Maxwell Taylor agree to recommend that U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson adopt a plan for a two-stage escalation of bombing in North Vietnam.

December


- December 1 - Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and his top-ranking advisers meet to discuss plans to bomb North Vietnam (after some debate, they agreed to enact a two-phase bombing plan).
- December 3 - Berkeley Free Speech Movement: Police arrest over 800 students at the University of California, Berkeley, following their takeover and massive sit-in at the administration building protesting the UC Regents' decision to forbid Vietnam War protests on U.C. property.
- December 14 - The Supreme Court of the United States rules, in Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States 379 US 241 1964, that, in accordance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, establishments providing public accommodations must refrain from racial discrimination.
- December 15 - The Washington Post publishes an article about James Hampton, who had built a glittering religious throne out of recycled materials
- December 18 - In the wake of deadly riots in January over control of the Panama Canal, the US offers to negotiate a new canal treaty

Date unknown


- 7000 residents of New Hanover, Australia, refuse to pay taxes and found a fund to purchase Lyndon B. Johnson.
- Jerome Horowitz synthesizes zidovudine, an antiviral drug used in treating HIV.
- The Vishwa Hindu Parishad is founded.
- John George Kemeny and Thomas Eugene Kurtz create BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code), an easy to learn high level programming language that has been included on many computers and even some games consoles.
- First Moog synthesizer designed by Robert Moog.

Births

January-March


- January 2 - Pernell Whitaker, American boxer
- January 6 - Henry Maske, German boxer
- January 6 - Rafael Vidal, Venezuelan swimmer and sports commentator (d. 2005)
- January 7 - Nicolas Cage, American actor
- January 12 - Jeff Bezos, American president of amazon.com
- January 13 - Penelope Ann Miller, American actress
- January 23 - Mariska Hargitay, American actress
- January 27 - Bridget Fonda, American actress
- January 29 - Andre Reed, American football player
- February 4 - Noodles, American guitarist (The Offspring)
- February 5 - Laura Linney, American actress
- February 5 - Duff McKagan, American musician (Guns N'Roses)
- February 15 - Chris Farley, American actor and comedian (d. 1997)
- February 16 - Christopher Eccleston, British actor
- February 17 - Mark Kennedy Shriver, nephew of John F Kennedy, son of Eunice Mary Kennedy.
- February 18 - Matt Dillon, American actor
- March 7 - Bret Easton Ellis, American author
- March 9 - Juliette Binoche, French actress
- March 10 - Edward, Earl of Wessex
- March 11 - Shane Richie, British actor
- March 17 - Rob Lowe, American actor
- March 18 - Bonnie Blair, American speed skater
- March 18 - Irene Cara, American actress and singer
- March 18 - Rozalla, Zambian singer
- March 20 - Natacha Atlas, Belgian singer
- March 25 - Lisa Gay Hamilton, American actress
- March 29 - Elle Macpherson, Australian model
- March 30 - Tracy Chapman, American singer

April-June


- April 1 - Erik Breukink, Dutch cyclist and manager
- April 3 - Bjarne Riis, Danish cyclist
- April 4 - David Cross, American actor and comedian
- April 7 - Russell Crowe, New Zealand-born actor
- April 13 - Caroline Rhea, Canadian actress
- April 24 - Cedric the Entertainer, American comic and actor
- April 21 - Ludmila Engquist, Russian-born Swedish athlete
- April 25 - Hank Azaria, American actor
- April 25 - Andy Bell, English singer and songwriter (Erasure)
- April 29 - Federico Castelluccio, Italian-born actor
- May 6 - Dana Hill, American actress (d. 1996)
- May 8 - Melissa Gilbert, American actress and president of the Screen Actors Guild
- May 8 - Bobby Labonte, American race car driver
- May 12 - Brett Gurewitz, American guitarist (Bad Religion)
- May 24 - Adrian Moorhouse, British swimmer
- May 26 - Lenny Kravitz, American guitarist and singer
- May 28 - Jeff Fenech, Australian boxer
- May 28 - Christa Miller, American actress
- May 28 - Phil Vassar, American musician
- May 30 - Wynonna Judd, American singer
- June 10 - Jimmy Chamberlin, American musician
- June 12 - Paula Marshall, American actress
- June 13 - Kathy Burke, English actress and comedienne
- June 13 - Iain Donaldson, British politician
- June 15 - Courteney Cox, American actress
- June 21 - Doug Savant, American actor
- June 22 - Dan Brown, American author
- June 28 - Mark Grace, baseball player
- June 29 - Stedman Pearson, British singer

July-December


- July 3 - Joanne Harris, English author
- July 3 - Yeardley Smith, American voice actress
- July 16 - Miguel Induráin, Spanish cyclist
- July 22 - Bonnie Langford, British actress
- July 24 - Barry Bonds, baseball player
- July 26 - Sandra Bullock, American actress
- July 28 - Lori Loughlin, American actress
- July 30 - Vivica A. Fox, American actress
- July 31 - Jim Corr, Irish singer and musician (The Corrs)
- August 16 - Jimmy Arias, American tennis player
- August 19 - Dermott Brereton, Australian rules footballer
- August 24 - Salizhan Sharipov, cosmonaut
- August 25 - Maxim Kontsevich, Russian mathematician
- September 2 - Keanu Reeves, Lebanese-born actor
- September 7 - Eazy-E, American musician and record producer (d. 1995)
- September 8 - Michael Johns, American health care executive and Presidential speechwriter
- September 11 - Ellis Burks, baseball player
- September 11 - Roxann Dawson, American actress
- September 22 - Bonnie Hunt, American actress
- September 23 - Koshi Inaba, Japanese singer (B'z)
- September 28 - Janeane Garofalo, American actress and comedienne
- September 29 - Les Claypool, American bassist (Primus)
- October 2 - Dirk Brinkmann, German field hockey player
- October 15 - Quinton Flynn, American voice actor
- October 22 - Drazen Petrovic, Croatian basketball player (d. 1993)
- October 26 - Marc Lépine, Canadian serial killer (d. 1989)
- October 29 - Yasmin Le Bon, British model
- October 31 - Marco van Basten, Dutch football player and manager
- November 9 - Robert Duncan McNeill, American actor
- November 10 - Kenny Rogers, baseball player
- November 11 - Calista Flockhart, American actress
- November 14 - Bill Hemmer, American broadcast journalist
- December 5 - Karin Snelson, author and editor
- December 8 - Teri Hatcher, American actress
- December 13 - Will and Kendall County, Illinois and is a suburb southwest of Chicago. It is the county seat of Will County. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 106,221; a 2003 special census revealed the city's population to be 120,782.

History

Joliet was first settled as a town in 1834 and originally bore the name Juliet [http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/676.html]. Some historians believe the town was named Juliet in honor of settler James B. Campbell's daughter. Other possible sources of the name include the Shakespearean character (the nearby village of Romeoville was named as a companion; see Romeo and Juliet) or a corruption of the name of French Canadian explorer Louis Jolliet, who visited the area in 1673. The name was eventually changed to Joliet in his memory in 1845, and the city was incoporated in 1852. Maps from Jolliet's exploration of the area placed a large hill or mound on what is now the south west corner of the city. That hill was named Mound Jolliet, and was made up entirely of clay. The spot was mined by early settlers and is now a depression. That depression was settled soon after and became known as the town of Rockdale.

Geography

Joliet is located at 41°31'59" North, 88°6'32" West (41.533030, -88.108933). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 99.3 km² (38.3 mi²). 98.6 km² (38.1 mi²) of it is land and 0.8 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.76% water.

Demographics

left As of the census of 2000, there are 106,221 people, 36,182 households, and 25,399 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,077.6/km² (2,790.9/mi²). There are 38,176 housing units at an average density of 387.3/km² (1,003.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 69.32% White, 18.16% African American, 0.28% Native American, 1.14% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 8.97% from other races, and 2.09% from two or more races. 18.41% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 36,182 households out of which 38.8% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.9% are married couples living together, 13.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 29.8% are non-families. 24.7% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.0% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.81 and the average family size is 3.39. In the city the population is spread out with 29.5% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 33.1% from 25 to 44, 16.3% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females there are 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.3 males. The median income for a household in the city is $47,761, and the median income for a family is $55,870. Males have a median income of $41,909 versus $29,100 for females. The per capita income for the city is $19,390. 10.8% of the population and 7.7% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 13.5% of those under the age of 18 and 8.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Transportation

Situated approximately 40 miles southwest of central Chicago, Joliet has long been a significant transportation hub. It lies on both sides of the Des Plaines River, a major waterway in Chicagoland, and was one of the principal ports on the Illinois and Michigan Canal. The Elgin, Joliet, and Eastern (EJ&E) railroad came through in the 1850s, and the Santa Fe line soon followed. U.S. Highways 6 (the Grand Army of the Republic Highway), 30 (the Lincoln Highway), 45, 52, and 66 (Route 66) all ran through the city. In the 1960s, Interstate 55 and Interstate 80 made their way through Joliet, linking up near Channahon just west of the city limits. The phrase "Crossroads of Mid-America", found on the Joliet seal, is an allusion to the intersection of I-80 and I-55.

Landmarks

Channahon.]]The famous Joliet Prison (now closed) is near downtown on Collins Street, and the Joliet Arsenal (now the Abraham Lincoln National Cemetery and Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie) is in nearby Elwood. Stateville Correctional Center, the principal prison for the state of Illinois, is located in the neighboring city of Crest Hill. The Rialto Square Theatre, a favorite haunt of Al Capone, is on Chicago Street in downtown. There are two riverboat casinos in Joliet: the Empress Casino, near Channahon and Rockdale, and a Harrah's hotel and casino downtown. There are also many stores, resturaunts, and shops, including a shopping mall located on Rt.30.

Colleges and universities


- Joliet Junior College, the nation's oldest public community college
- University of St. Francis

Sports

One of Joliet's nicknames is the "City of Champions". Joliet is home to three high schools: Joliet Catholic Academy, Joliet West and Joliet Central. Joliet Catholic Academy was formed in 1991 as a merger between the city's all-boys and all-girls Catholic high schools, Joliet Catholic High School and St. Francis Academy. Joliet Central was the first of three public high schools in Joliet. Joliet East (now closed) and Joliet West were built in later years to accommodate the baby boom. Joliet Catholic is known primarily for its football prowess. Since the advent of the state football playoffs in 1974, JC has won more state football titles than any other team in the state, with 12 as of 2004. The Hilltoppers, as they are known, have produced two NFL players: Mike Alstott and Tom Thayer. Joliet Township High Schools have been known for their great basketball teams. Joliet is also home to the minor league baseball team the Joliet JackHammers of the Northern Independent League. Chicagoland Speedway is also located in Joliet, which plays host to annual events from NASCAR and Indy Racing League.

Notable natives


- Mike Alstott, NFL football player
- Jesse Barfield, baseball player
- John Barrowman, singer, actor
- Nora Bayes, singer
- Jimmy Chamberlin, rock drummer (Smashing Pumpkins)
- Adrianne Curry, winner of the first season of the UPN reality show America's Next Top Model
- Andy Dick, actor, comedian
- Lawrence Jenco, hostage, writer
- Kathryn Hays, actor
- Mercedes McCambridge, actor
- George Mikan, basketball player (on the NBA's Greastest all-time list)
- Don Murray, jazz clarinetist
- Robert Novak, conservative columnist
- Larry Parks, actor who played Al Jolson but blacklisted during era of McCarthyism
- Anthony Rapp, actor
- Lionel Richie, singer, entertainer
- Daniel Ruettiger, college football player, motivational speaker, Rudy the movie was about him
- Tom Thayer, retired NFL football player
- Lynne Thigpen, actress
- Audrey Totter, actor
- William Cornelius Van Horne, railroad entrepreneur

External links


- [http://www.ci.joliet.il.us/ Joliet official website]
- [http://www.ihsfw.com/links/J_Folder/jolietcatholic.html Joliet Catholic Football] Category:Cities in Illinois Category:Will County, Illinois Category:Kendall County, Illinois Category:Communities on U.S. Highway 66

Drummer

A drummer is a musician who plays the drums, particularly the drum kit, marching percussion, or hand drums. The term percussionist usually refers to a person who plays classical or Latin percussion.

Musical significance

While drummers are the butt of many drummer jokes (not unlike alto viola players) suggesting they wouldn't be real musicians, in reality good drummers are expert musicians with an acute ear for rhythm and musical form, who act as the rhythmic driving force for an entire ensemble. The drummer is the rhythmic shader and punctuator for musical ensembles; the very choice of the word beat (evoking his action) for the rhythmic motor of a performance (especially in dance) reflects percussion's traditional role as such. Their main contributions are timing changes and, often overlooked by amateur drummers, dynamic range. This makes their playing analagous to the situation in which a good timpanist provides rhythmic and melodic drama in an orchestral setting. Percussion (along with song) is perhaps the most ancient form of music. In fact, some cultures have drum music, music that is performed by drums alone. The non-vocal sounds and rhythms of life, the most obvious being walking, are a kind of pre-music which elaborate and organize themselves through human intelligence and play into music.

Military use

Drummers have played a key role in the military in past conflicts, such as the American Revolution, and the American Civil War, before motorized transport became the rule. Drums provided a steady beat to set the marching pace, even more than often-accompanying wind instruments such as flutes (signal instruments such as bugles have another primary function), and kept morale up through music. Naturally they were employed in various ceremonies, including ominous drum roles accompanying formal floggings on board ships or in penal colonies. A curious (Commonwealth?) Army tradition was to have corporal punishments administered by drummers (e.g. [http://www.achart.ca/hibernian/duties.html]), even by drummer boys, flogging naked adult soldiers (illustration from Canada circa 1820 [http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/301/ic/can_digital_collections/fort_henry/BackWay/punishment.html] apparantly showing a cat o' nine tails but probably aiming at the buttocks), under threat, if not hitting hard enough, to be lashed themselves by the drum major (their own senior), who was also charged with branding deserters and 'bad characters'.

See also


- List of drummers
- percussionist
- List of percussionists
- drum beat Category:Occupations in music

The Smashing Pumpkins

The Smashing Pumpkins (formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988) were an influential American alternative rock band. Less influenced by punk than many of their contemporaries, the Pumpkins had densely layered and guitar-heavy sound, containing elements of psychedelic rock, heavy metal, gothic rock, power pop, shoegazer-style production and, in later recordings, electronica. The emotional tone of bandleader Billy Corgan’s songs ranged from angry (“Bullet with Butterfly Wings”) to dour (“Disarm”) to jubilant (“Cherub Rock”). Selling more than 12 million albums in the United States alone, the Smashing Pumpkins were one of the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed bands of the 1990s, but infighting, diminishing sales, and cultural vitality hampered the band in their later years, leading to a 2000 break-up. Recently, Corgan has announced a desire to reform the band.

Members

The Smashing Pumpkins were originally Billy Corgan (guitar and vocals), James Iha (guitar), D'arcy Wretzky (bass) and Jimmy Chamberlin (drums). However, Melissa auf der Maur replaced D'arcy in the final year (Dec. 1999 to Dec. 2000) of the band. The band also dealt with several replacement drummers through 1997 - 1998 including Matt Walker and Kenny Aronoff.

History

Early years: Foundation and Gish

At the age of 19, singer and guitarist Billy Corgan left his native Chicago, Illinois, moving to St. Petersburg, Florida with his goth band The Marked, so called because of the birth marks on his and his drummer's hands. The band had limited success and quickly dissolved. Corgan returned to Chicago, taking a job in a record store. There, he met guitarist