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Temasek Academy

Temasek Academy

Temasek Academy is a 4-year integrated programme initiated by Temasek Junior College in Singapore. The programme had its first intake of 122 students in 2005. Students in this programme write the GCSE A-Levels at the end of the four years. Students also take the GSCE O-Level 2nd Language exam at the end of the second year. There are currently 5 Civics Groups (CG) in IP Year 1, the only batch of students so far.

Temasek Academy Students' Council

The Temasek Academy Students' Council (TASC) functions independently from the SC of the college and is made up of 12 students who have been elected by the Temasek Academy student body and Integrated Programme (IP) tutors. They share a common mission: to meet the school's needs, to take care of the students' welfare, and to protect the rights of students as student representatives. They were formally inaugurated on the 25th of May 2005. Singapore

Council Pledge

We, the Students' Council of the Temasek Academy, pledge our loyalty to the TASC, to represent the Temasek Academy student body, to be the voice of the population and to uphold the rights of the students. We work not for ourselves, but for others, and our reward is in what we accomplish.

External links


- [http://www.tjc.edu.sg Temasek Junior College]

- [http://www.tjc.edu.sg/education/taip.asp Temasek Academy Information Page] Category:Schools in Singapore

Temasek Junior College

Temasek Junior College (commonly known as TJC or TJ) is a Junior College located in the Eastern region of Singapore. It was one of the top five junior colleges in Singapore before Ministry of Education did away with the school ranking system in 2004. Students here (affectionately called as "TJCians", prounounced tee-jay-shens) enter as graduated secondary 4 students. They are admitted on the basis of their net L1R5 aggregate. In the junior college, they take a two-year course leading up to the Singapore-Cambridge GCE 'Advanced' level ('A' level) examination. Students offer three or four A level subjects as well as General Paper, Mother Tongue and Project Work. In addition, they may also take one, two or three Special Papers in some choice subjects if they desire to compete for scholarships offered by various private and public bodies. In 2005, TJC started its "Temasek Academy 4-Year Integrated Programme" with 100 secondary 3 and foreign students from various local secondary schools and countries, particularly from China and India, respectively. Its aim was to provide students with an intense, challenging and exciting college life, bypassing the GCE 'O' Level examination and culminating in the GCE 'A' Level examination.

College History and Identity

Temasek Junior College was built in 1977 as the second government-aided junior college in Singapore. It has earned for itself the reputation of being one of the best academic institutions that focuses on the all-round development of its students. The College has been under the leadership of six dynamic Principals: # Mr Wee Heng Tin (1977-1979) # Mr Eugene Wijeysingha (1980-1985) # Mrs Goh Chi Lan (1986-1988) # Mr Robert Tan Hui Sen (1989-1999) # Mrs Cheong Poh Gek (2000-2001) # Mrs Lim Lai Cheng (2002-2005) # [NAME] (Former principal of TKGS) (2006-)

Shared vision


- Teamwork and open communication
- Every TJCian matters
- Achievement of excellence
- Devotion to College and Country
- Forward-looking
- Adaptability to change
- Spirit of caring and sharing
- Trust, respect and integrity
- Passion, Purpose and Drive

College Motto

The College motto is For College For Nation. While the ultimate objective of the College is for the good of society, the initial drive will be to the College community and then broaden out to embrace the nation.

College Crest

Singapore The College crest depicts the letters TJC in bold form, with the letter T taking a symbolic shape and reflecting a characteristic architectural feature of the College. The green background acknowledges our alignment with the national objective of projecting a clean and green country. The divisions in the cross of the T stand for the 5 national ideals of justice, equality, happiness, prosperity and progress. The segments in the trunk of the T symbolise the 4 major areas working in unison within the College towards the national ideals. The name of the College encircles the crest, flanked by laurels which represent the recognition which the College has achieved and are a constant reminder of its commitment to its motto.

College Awards and Achievements

The Sustained Achievement Award (SAA) was inaugurated by MOE in 1999. The College has won the SAAs for Academic Value-Added in 1999, 2000 and 2001; for Physical Fitness in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003; and the SAA for Arts in 2001 and 2002. The College was also the top Value-Added College from 1996 to 2000 and in 2003. TJC officially received the Singapore Quality Class Award from Spring Singapore in 2003. The College is also a recipient of Best Practice Award (BPA) in Teaching & Learning from the Singapore Ministry of Education.

Recent Student Achievements

Sports
- Top 4 National in Sports 2004 – “A” Division
- Badminton Boys & Girls
- Basketball Boys (champion)
- Table Tennis Boys
- Cricket
- Swimming Girls
- Sailing boys
- Air Pistol Boys & Girls
- Wushu Boys & Girls (Champion)
- Rock Climbing Boys & Girls
- Bowling Boys & Girls
- Taekwondo Mixed SYF Performing Arts Groups
- Symphonic Band: Gold with Honours (2005) (One of the two bands to be awarded "Top 2" status besides SAJC Band in 2005)
- Chinese Orchestra: Gold (2005) (Best Chinese Orchestra of the Year 2001)
- Modern Dance: Gold with Honours (2005)
- Guitar Ensemble: Gold with Honours (2005, the only guitar ensemble in the whole of Singapore to be awarded this)
- Choir: Gold (2005)
- Art: Gold
- Drama: Silver
- Chamber Ensemble: Bronze (2005)
- Malay Dance: Silver
- Malay Debates (Champion)

College Facilities

Academic

Library
The modern and spacious library houses books (fiction and reference), multimedia, magazines and newspapers. Study areas
Private study areas that can accommodate 380 students are made available under LT1 and LT2, near the Art studios and the Library. Students can study at benches in these open-air spaces. Additionally, students can also study in air-conditioned LTs when they are vacant. Photocopying Shop
The photocopying shop is located in the cafeteria, near the Students' Council notice board. Lecture notes, tutorials and past-year exam papers from GCE as well as other top-five JCs can be purchased from this shop. The shop also provides photocopy service to students. Besides the shop, students can also photocopy in the library (ground floor behind the magazines rack). The photocopier machines in the library operates on card system. Students can purchase the photocopy card from the photocopy shop at a cost of $5.00 and $7.00 for 140 and 210 phtocopying pieces respectively. In practice, it is always easier to borrow the book and send down to the photocopy shop for printing. Book/Stationery Shop
The bookshop is located in the cafeteria, next to the photocopying shop. The bookshop sells stationery, books, school uniforms, T-shirts, as well as snacks.

Recreational/Sports

Students' Lounge
For students to relax after school with carrom, snooker or board games. Sports Complex
The sports complex houses an air-conditioned gymnasium, dance studio, air rifle range and a stadium gallery. The gallery overlooks a multi-purpose sports field and a 400m running track. Other sporting facilities include:
- Indoor squash courts
- Tennis courts
- Basketball courts
- Netball courts
- Volleyball courts
- Long jump pit Barbecue Pits
Students are welcome to use the 3 barbecue pits near the sports complex for social gatherings. The pits are available on a first-come-first-serve basis.

Student welfare

First Aid and Sick Bay
The First Aid Unit is run by students and provides ancillary services at College functions and in the sick bay. The sick bay is open on Monday to Friday from 0740 hours to 1540 hours. Students are required to sign a book-in/book-out register in the General Office when they make use of the sick bay. Lockers
Small private lockers available to students for a small fee. Notice Boards and the Public Address system The notice boards beside the General Office are used to convey information intended for the entire the student body. Announcements made over the public address system during morning assemblies will be minimal and confined to urgent and vital matters only. Students are expected to refer to the relevant notice boards for information on co-curricular activities or on academic matters. The Higher Education notice board is located outside the General Office. Students interested in studying overseas are stongly advised to keep an eye on the board.

Dining

Cafeteria
The cafeteria opens during school days (weekdays) from 7am to 3pm. Although there are designated times for recess and lunch, students may eat at the cafeteria at any time during their schoolday. There are nine stalls offering a wide and affordable variety of food, including pasta, Malay food, and Chinese rice and noodle dishes. Halal food for Muslim students is available from two stalls. Snacks, drinks and fruits are also available. Additionally, a hawker centre is located just opposite to TJC, making it very convenient for students to have lunch there. Vending Machines
There are altogether 7 vending machines located in the cafeteria; one serving snacks and the others serving packaged/canned drinks.

Academic regime

Teaching Styles

The teaching system in the college is rigorious and approximates very closely to that in the university and all subjects, except for the Second Language and General Paper. They are taught using the lecture-tutorial method. A lecture takes the form of a straightforward lesson delivered en masse to all students studying a particular subject (usually with powerpoint or OHP) while a tutorial is generally a follow-up lesson on the lecture, involving a smaller number of students and providing for closer interaction between the students and tutor. Generally tutorial lessons involve going through homework (called tutorials) and clarifying doubts.

Civics Groups

On admission to the College, students must participate in the orientation programmes organised by the Student Council. They will be divided into Civics Groups (which are also Orientation Groups) automatically by the College in-house computer system. Every CG has nearly the same ratio of boys and girls and an optimum diversity of students from different cultural and educational backgrounds. As the CGs are created before students choose their subjects, there is no fixed subject combinations in a CG. In order to encourage bonding within the group, students of the same CG will join the same Orientation Group. An Orientation Group usually consist of 2 CGs. Each Civics Group is under the charge of a Civics Tutor who meets the group during the weekly Civics period on Wednesday. Thus, a civics group corresponds to a class in a normal school. Unlike the school system, however, students do not stay in an assigned room for all their lessons but instead move to different rooms for different lessons.

Subject Combination Groups

Students are placed into Subject Combination Groups (SCGs) by the computer system once they have indicated their choice of subjects to offer during the orientation period. A student may join many subject groups, one for each subject that he/she offers. Similar to CGs, students in the same SGs do not stay in an assigned room for all their lessons but instead move to different rooms for different lessons. TJC has recently confirmed that from year 2006 onwards, all the SCGs will be renamed as CGs to avoid confusion.

Number of Subjects to Offer

As the computation of points for the admission into the NUS, NTU and SMU is based on the General Paper and only the best three ‘A’ level subjects, the logical choice for students in the college would be a combination of three ‘A’ level subjects. The Second Language will only be included if it helps to improve the overall score. This would mean having more time for an in-depth study of the subjects as well as participation in College life. Taking a course of four ‘A’ level subjects can prove taxing both on curriculum time and the workload. Analysis of students’ performance in past examinations show that weaker students who offered three subjects at ‘A’ level scored better grades than students of similar standing who offered four subjects at ‘A’ level. However, because of the special prerequisites for admission to certain courses of study at the NUS and the NTU, students with four ‘A’ level subjects do enjoy broader course options at the university. The academically stronger students are thus encouraged to offer four subjects at ‘A’ level in the college. An approximate measure of one’s ability to cope with four ‘A’ level subjects is one’s performance in the GCE ‘O’ level examination. Students who wish to have an additional edge in competing for scholarships and for degree courses which are in high demand may also want to offer four ‘A’ level content subjects as well as up a maximum of 2 ‘Special’ Papers. A 3 "S" paper combination is also possible for exceptionally bright students.

College e-Learning Portal 'maTrix'

The MaTrix (http://matrix.tjc.edu.sg), which refers to the College E-learning Portal, was first implemented in 2002. All students are required to sign up with the MaTrix and subscription fees will be deducted from their Edusave fund. The MaTrix aims to facilitate and enhance the learning experience of students in the College. It is used in conjunction with the lecture-tutorial system in the College. In theory, selected topics may be covered solely online as an e-lecture, aided by streaming video, animations, discussion forums and online assessment outside of curriculum time or more commonly through a mixed mode teaching where readings, content materials and other e-resources are made available for students to access and prepare for tutorials during curriculum time. In practice, however, the MaTrix is often just used as a platform for teachers to upload lecture slides and tutorial questions for the students to download. The chemistry department also use MaTrix to host online quiz during holiday periods. To support the e-learning portal, the College has a recently completed IT-Block housing four Computer Labs and two IT Resource Rooms. Students also have access to computers in The Hub and College Library. In addition, there are also wireless-hotspots around the entire college for internet surfing. Any student with a Centrino laptop can use the boardband wireless internet service for free. Recently a number of Tablet PCs were lost in the college compound. It was suggested that this was mainly due to the carelessness of the students as well as the widespread use of expensive laptops in TJC. As a follow up, the college administration has taken positive steps in preventing further loss of laptops by hiring security guards and installing numerous close-circuit cameras around the college. Students are also strongly advised not to leave their laptops in areas under LT 1 as well as the Scope unattended.

Higher Education

The Higher Education department in TJC actively invites guest speakers from both foreign and local universities to give admission talks. Students are invited to attend. SAT lessons are no longer offered in TJC. Students are to study on their own.

External links


- [http://www.tjc.edu.sg Official Website]
- [http://forums.tjc.edu.sg TJC Forums (Very Active)]
- [http://sc.tjc.edu.sg TJC Students' Council Website]
- [http://www.tjc.edu.sg/education/taip.asp Temasek Academy] Category:Junior colleges in Singapore

Singapore

The Republic of Singapore (Simplified Chinese: 新加坡共和国; Pinyin: Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó, Malay: Republik Singapura; Tamil: சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு), is an island city-state in Southeast Asia, situated on the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, south of the Malaysian state of Johor and north of the Indonesian Riau Islands. Its coordinates are , just 137 km north of the Equator. The name Singapore was derived from Malay word singa (lion), which itself is derived from the Sanskrit word सिंह siMha of the same meaning, and the Sanskrit word पुर pura (city) . Singapore developed from a small Malay fishing village to become a multicultural, major global city, while attracting controversy for some of its current government policies. Throughout history, it has been posssessed by multiple countries and empires and changed hands many times, including being in the possesion of Melaka and the Sultanate of Johore in ancient history, the British Empire in the colonial era, Japanese Empire in World War II and Malaysia after merger. It finally achieved independence in 1965. After independence, government-led rapid industrialisation and open policies inviting foreign investments stimulated rapid economic growth and the country is now regarded as a developed nation. Presently, Singapore can be politically analysed as a democratic socialist country and has an extensive welfare system, although de facto it has a dominant-party system. The nation regards itself as multiracial, and the majority of the population are ethnic Chinese, with ethnic Indians, Malays and Eurasians being a significant minority. Singapore has little natural resources, so its economy must on exports of electronics and manufacturing from her port. More than 90% of Singapore's population lives in housing estates constructed by the Housing Development Board and nearly half utilises its public transport system daily. As a result of public transport and environmental initiatives by government ministries, Singapore's lack of pollution is a distinguishing characteristic from many other cities, and isolated to heavy industry located offshore in Jurong Island.

History

The first records of Singapore's existence are in Chinese texts from the 3rd century. The island was an outpost of the Sumatran Srivijaya empire and originally bore the Javanese name Temasek. Temasek rose to become a significant trading city, but subsequently declined. There are few remnants of old Temasek in Singapore other than archaeological evidence. In the 15th and 16th century, Singapore was a part of the Sultanate of Johore. During the Malay-Portugal wars in 1617, Singapore was set ablaze by Portuguese troops. 1617, erected at the spot where he first landed at Singapore. He is recognised as the modern founder of Singapore.]] In 1819, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British East India Company official, made a treaty with the Sultan of Johore and established Singapore as a trading post and settlement, and saw instant growth and immigration from various ethnic groups. Singapore was later made a crown colony by Britain in 1867. After a series of territorial expansions, the British Empire soon raised it as an entrepot town due to its strategic location along the busy shipping routes connecting Europe to China. During World War II, Japanese forces invaded Malaya and the surrounding region in the Battle of Malaya, culminating in the Battle of Singapore. The British were unprepared and swiftly defeated, despite having superior numbers of troops. They surrendered to the Japanese on February 15, 1942. The Japanese renamed Singapore as Syonan-to ("Light of the South") and occupied it until the Japanese defeat September 1945. In 1959, Singapore became a self-governing crown colony with Lee Kuan Yew from the People's Action Party (PAP) as the first Prime Minister of Singapore following the 1959 elections. After a national referendum in 1962, Singapore was admitted into the Federation of Malaysia along with Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak as a state with autonomous powers in September 1963. After heated ideological conflict developed between the state government formed by PAP and the Federal government in Kuala Lumpur, Singapore was expelled from the federation on August 7 1965. It gained official sovereignty two days later on August 9 1965 with Malaysia the first country to recognise it as an independent nation, the date becoming Singapore's National Day. Singapore's National Days are celebrated with annual parades and other festivities. National Day]] National Day] The fledgling nation had to struggle for self-sufficiency, and faced problems including mass unemployment, housing shortages and the lack of land and natural resources, like oil. During Lee Kuan Yew's term as prime minister from 1959 to 1990, his administration curbed unemployment, raised the standard of living, developed Singapore's economic infrastructure and overcame problems such as lack of housing, social stability and an independent national defence. This elevated Singapore into developing nation and subsequently to developed status. On 26 November 1990 Goh Chok Tong became prime minister. Under his tenure the country tackled the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the SARS outbreak in 2003 as well as terrorist threats posed by the Jemaah Islamiah (JI). Lee Hsien Loong, the eldest son of Lee Kuan Yew, became the third prime minister on 12 August 2004 after securing the confidence of a majority of Parliament, which is still dominated by the PAP.

Politics and government

: Singapore is a republic with a Westminster system of a unicameral parliamentary government, with the bulk of the executive powers resting in the hands of a cabinet of ministers led by a prime minister. The office of the president was, historically, a ceremonial one as head of state, but the Constitution was amended in 1991 to create the position of a popularly elected president and also to grant the president veto powers in a few key decisions such as the use of the national reserves and the appointment of key judiciary positions. The legislative branch of government is the Parliament. Politics of Singapore have been dominated by the People's Action Party (PAP) since its independence in 1965. Critics have called Singapore a de facto one party state and have accused the PAP of taking harsh actions against opposition parties to impede their success, including gerrymandering and the filing of civil suits against the opposition for libel or slander. The media arm of the Government applies a somewhat monopolistic grip on the local mainstream media, often subjecting it to stringent censorship, as a result, opposition political parties in Singapore hardly get any mention or coverage. Critics claim that Singaporean courts have been favouring the government and the PAP in these lawsuits, although there were a few cases in which the opposition won. They consider the form of government in Singapore to be closer to authoritarianism rather than true democracy, and could be considered an illiberal democracy or procedural democracy. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, Singapore has what many consider to be a highly successful and transparent market economy. PAP's policies contain certain aspects of socialism, which includes large scale public housing programme, public education system and the dominance of government controlled companies in the local economy. Although present in almost all segments of Singaporean society, the government has a clean, corruption-free image, and has consistently been rated as the least-corrupt country in Asia and amongst the top ten cleanest in the world by Transparency International since its first annual survey conducted in 1995. Although Singapore's laws are inherited from British and British Indian laws, the PAP has also consistently rejected wholesale Western democratic values, with former prime minister Lee Kuan Yew citing incompatibilities with "Asian values". Singapore's position is that there should not be a "one-size-fits-all" solution to a democracy. Most recently, the PAP has relaxed some of its socially conservative policies and encouraged entrepreneurship. Singapore enjoys one of the lowest crime rates in the world, as its laws are generally strict, and which has often been cited by foreign companies as one of the reasons for investing in Singapore. As the tiny city-state is a multi-racial society, materials that may breed ill-will among its population or cause religious disharmony are not tolerated, even on the Internet. In September 2005, three bloggers were charged with sedition for posting racist remarks targeting minorities, after admitting their guilt, the punishments handed down ranged from serving community service and fines to the maximum imprisonment of a month. Some offences can lead to heavy fines or caning; laws provide for capital punishment in Singapore in cases of first-degree murder and drug trafficking. According to an Amnesty International report, 400 people were hanged between 1991 and 2004, which the report claimed is "possibly the highest execution rate in the world" per capita. However, the Singapore Government responded to AI's report in January 2004 on its Home Affairs website [http://www2.mha.gov.sg/mha/detailed.jsp?artid=990&type=4&root=0&parent=0&cat=0&mode=arc] and reiterated capital punishments as a sovereign right for the most serious crimes, a stance in common with democracies like Japan [http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050917a2.htm] and the United States.

Geography

United States. ([http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=1.352692,103.804321&spn=0.473579,0.633396&t=k&hl=en details])]] Singapore is a diamond-shaped island with surrounding smaller islands. There are two connections from Singapore to the Malaysian state of Johor — a man-made causeway (known as the Causeway) to the north, crossing the Tebrau Straits, and Tuas Second Link (called Linkedua Expressway in Malaysia), a bridge in the western part of Singapore that connects to Johor. Of Singapore's dozens of smaller islands, Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the larger ones. The highest point of Singapore is Bukit Timah Hill, with a height of 164 m (538 feet). Bukit Timah Hill]] The urban area used to be concentrated on the southern part of Singapore around the mouth of the Singapore River, while the rest of the land was tropical rain forest or used for agriculture. Since the 1960s, the government has constructed new towns in outlying areas, resulting in an entirely built-up and urban landscape with a few exceptions, such as the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. In addition, Singapore has reclaimed land with earth obtained from its own hills, the seabed and neighbouring countries. As a result, Singapore's land area grew from 581.5 km² in the 1960s to 697.2 km² today, and may grow by another 100 km² by 2030. Without natural freshwater rivers and lakes, the primary domestic source of water in Singapore is rainfall, collected in reservoirs or catchment areas. Rainfall supplies approximately 50% of Singapore's water; the remainder is imported from Malaysia. In addition to existing catchment areas, recycled water facilities (called NEWater) and desalination plants, more NEWater and desalination plants are being built or proposed to reduce reliance on foreign supply. Singapore has a tropical rainforest climate with no distinct seasons, under the Köppen climate classification. Its climate is characterised by uniform temperature and pressure, high humidity and abundant rainfall. Temperatures range from 23ºC to 35ºC. On average, the relative humidity is around 90 percent in the morning and 60 percent in the afternoon. During prolonged heavy rain, relative humidity often reaches 100 percent.

Economy

relative humidity and hub of economic transactions in Singapore, and is also the home of the Singapore Exchange, Asia-Pacific's first demutualised and integrated securities and derivatives exchange.]] Singapore has a highly developed market-based economy in which the state plays a major role. It has one of the highest per capita gross domestic products in the world and is considered one of the "East Asian Tigers". Domestic demand is relatively low, and the economy depends heavily on exports produced from refining imported goods in a form of extended entrepot trade. This is especially true in electronics and manufacturing. Singapore was hit hard in 2001 by the global recession and the slump in the technology sector, which caused the GDP that year to contract by 2.2 percent. The Economic Review Committee (ERC), set up in December 2001, made key recommendations in remaking Singapore's economy. Singapore introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on April 1, 1994, starting at 3 percent. This has substantially increased government revenue as well assisted in maintaining the stability of the government's finances to spend on reforming the economy into more services and value added goods instead of relying on electronics manufacturing. The taxable GST is now at 5 percent, with the last increase in 2004. The economy has since recovered in response to improvements in the world economy, and grew by 8.4 percent in 2004. In the longer term the government hopes to establish a new growth path that will be less vulnerable to the external business cycle than the current export-led model, but is unlikely to abandon efforts to establish Singapore as Southeast Asia's financial and high-tech hub. The per capita GDP in 2005 is US$28,228. Recently, in September 2005, the unemployment rate was 3.3 percent.

Tourism

value added : Singapore as a travel destination has become noted among many international travellers, making tourism one of the largest industries in Singapore. Much of its attraction can be attributed to its cultural diversity that reflects its rich colonial history and Chinese, Malay, Indian, Eurasian and Arab ethnicities. For many years considered to be the business hub of Southeast Asia, Singapore has an expansive shopping precinct located in the Orchard Road district. Filled with many multi-story shopping centres, the area also has many hotels, and is centre of tourism in Singapore, as opposed to Raffles Place, which can be thought of as the financial heart. Other popular tourist attractions include the Singapore Zoological Gardens and its Night Safari, which allows people to explore Asian, African and American habitats at night, without any visible barriers between guests and the wild animals. The Singapore Zoo has embraced the 'open zoo' concept whereby animals are kept in enclosures, separated from visitors by hidden dry or wet moats, instead of caging the animals. Also famous is the Jurong Bird Park, wherein there are specimens of magnificent bird life from around the world, including a flock of one thousand flamingos. The tourist island of Sentosa, located in the south of Singapore, consists of about 20-30 landmarks, such as Fort Siloso, which was built as a fortress to defend against the Japanese during World War II. Guns from the World War II era can be seen at Fort Siloso, from a mini-sized to a 16-pound (7 kg) gun. Recently, the island has built the Carlsberg Sky Tower, which allows visitors to view the whole of Sentosa, as well as the Sentosa Luge, a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleighs supine and feet-first. Steering is done by shifting the weight or pulling straps attached to the sled's runners. Singapore will have two integrated resorts with casinos in 2009, one at Marina Bayfront and the other at Sentosa which the government announced during a parliament session on April 18, 2005.

Transport

2005 (MRT) system, one of three heavy rail passenger transport lines in Singapore.]] Singapore is a major transport hub in Asia and its history has been closely tied to the growth of its transport industry since its infancy. The transport industry contributes over 10% of gross domestic product despite an increasingly diversified economy. The Port of Singapore, managed by port operators PSA International and Jurong Port, is the world's busiest in terms of shipping tonnage handled. 1.04 billion gross tons were handled in the year 2004, crossing the one billion mark for the first time in Singapore's maritime history. Singapore also emerged as the top port in terms of cargo tonnage handled with 393 million tonnes of cargo in 2004, surpassing the port in Rotterdam for the first time. Singapore is ranked second globally in terms of containerised traffic with 21.3 million twenty-foot equivalent units handled in 2004, and retains her position as the world's busiest hub for transhipment traffic. She is also the world's biggest bunkering hub with 23.6 million tonnes of bunkers sold in 2004. Singapore is a major aviation hub and is an important stopover point for the "Kangaroo route" between Australasia and Europe. Singapore Changi Airport has a network of 77 airlines connecting Singapore to 178 cities in 56 countries. It is one of the top five airports in Asia in terms of passengers handled, with 30 million passengers passing through in 2004. It has been consistently rated as one of the best international airports by numerous international travel magazines . National carrier Singapore Airlines has also received several accolades internationally and is renowned for the image of the 'Singapore Girl', where air stewardesses are clad in traditional dress (Sarong Kebaya) while serving passengers. It will also be the first airline in the world to fly the new Airbus A380 commercially. In anticipation of rising demand in both the regular and low-cost sectors, a third passenger terminal and a low-cost terminal are currently under construction. These will increase the airport's total capacity to 66.7 million passengers annually by 2008. Domestic transport infrastructure is relatively efficient, and includes the heavy rail passenger Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, the North-East Line, an autopilot extension of the MRT, the Light Rapid Transit (LRT) system, an extensive expressway and road system and a nationwide system of taxis and buses. The EZ-Link system allows, contactless smartcards to be used as stored value tickets for use in the public transport systems, and improves the convenience of the systems. Vehicles are subject to toll by an Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) system during hours of heavy road traffic to regulate road usage. Recently, there have been complaints of rising public transport fares but the government asserts that this is due to the increase in global oil prices. Currently, fares are capped at $1.90 (~US$1.10) per ride. Electronic Road Pricing will allow it to handle up to 66.7 million passengers annually. Also in the pipeline is a new budget airline terminal to serve the rapidly growing budget airline industry.]]

Demographics

Electronic Road Pricing is the largest Hindu temple in Singapore. It is also one of the many religious buildings marked as national monuments for their historical value.]] : Singapore is the second most densely populated independent country in the world. Eighty-four percent of Singaporeans live in public housing provided by the Housing and Development Board (HDB). Singapore's population, though small at 4.42 million as of July 2005, is relatively diverse compared to most other countries, although neighbour Malaysia also features a multiracial population. The Chinese, who have constituted the majority of the island population since the colonial era, account for 76.8 percent of Singaporeans. Malays, who are the indigenous native group of the country, constitute 13.9 percent, though this number includes many Malay ethnic groups from other parts of the Malay archipelago including the Javanese, Bugis, Baweans and Minangs. Indians are the third largest ethnic group at 7.9 percent, consisting of several groups—Tamils, who form the largest Indian group, and others such as Malayalees, Punjabis and Bengalis. The rest are made up of smaller groups such as Arabs, Jews, Thais, Japanese, and the Eurasian community. Singapore is generally a multi-religious country, mainly due to its strategic location and the variety of religious beliefs that most Singaporeans hold. More than 40 percent of Singaporeans profess that they adhere to Buddhism. This is usually due to a lack of distinction between Taoism and Buddhism. Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and ancestral worship are merged into one by most of the Chinese population. Most Muslims are Malay but there are adherents among all races. Christianity in Singapore consists of Roman Catholicism and various denominations and its numbers hover at around 14% of the population. The government of Singapore has been careful to maintain ethnic harmony after racial riots erupted in the 1960s. Racial harmony has been emphasized in all aspects of society, including education, military and housing. So far the policy has been largely successful, and there have been few signs of ethnic tension since the early 1970s. Current issues include the ban on wearing the Islamic headscarf in public schools. In October 2005, a man was sentenced to one month in jail for making racist comments on an online blog. The national language of Singapore is Malay for historical reasons, and it is used in the national anthem. The official languages are English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil. English has been promoted as the country's language of administration since independence, and it is spoken by the majority of the population, although with concurrent Speak Mandarin Campaigns, most public signs, advertising and print media tend to be in English and Chinese only. To promote Chinese culture and the use of Mandarin among the Chinese, the government has introduced a Speak Mandarin Campaign (SMC). Historically, the Chinese immigrants often did not understand each other, having migrated from different parts of China, and were linguistically isolated into "dialects" such as Hokkien, Cantonese, Hokchia, Teochew, Hakka, Hokchiu and Hainanese. Malay was thus often used at that time as a common language. During the Speak Mandarin campaign however, Mandarin became a unifying factor at the cost of usage of Malay among the younger generation. Recently, there has been a "Speak Bahasa Melayu" campaign.

Culture

Hainanese As Singapore is a small and relatively modern amalgam of semi-indigenous Malay population with the majority of third generation Chinese and Indian and Arab immigrants with little intermarriage (although it exists and is most common between the Chinese and Indian races), there appears little in the way of specifically Singaporean culture. However, there exists a Eurasian community and a community of Peranakan or "Straits Chinese," of mixed Chinese and Malay descent. Singapore has also achieved a significant degree of cultural diffusion with its unique combination of these ethnic groups, and has given Singapore a rich mixture of diversity for its young age. One of the prime examples is in Singapore's cuisine, often a cultural attraction for tourists. The English used is primarily British English, with some American English influences. The local colloquial dialect of English is known formally as Singapore Colloquial English (though it is more commonly called "Singlish"), and has many creole-like characteristics, having incorporated much vocabulary and grammar from various Chinese, Malay, and Indian languages. Singlish is basically identical to Manglish (the English dialect of Malaysia), and is the usual language on the streets, but is frowned upon in official contexts. English use among the population generally became more widespread after the implementation of English as a first language medium in the Singapore education system, and English is the most common language in Singapore literature. Singapore literature Singapore also has several ethnic neighbourhoods, including a Little India and a Chinatown, which were formed under the Raffles Plan to segregate the new immigrants into ethnic ghettoes. Although the population is no longer segregated, these ethnic neighbourhoods retain selective elements of their specific culture. The usage of such neighbourhoods is mostly commercial or for a cottage industry specific to the culture of its ethnic neighbourhood, and does not play a big part in housing the population, although it is used for that purpose. Hence, these neighbourhoods have a diverse patronage who probably wish to either eat or buy something specific to that culture. In other parts of the country, segregation is discouraged and diversity encouraged. This can often be found in the policies of the Housing Development Board (HDB), which try to make sure there is a mix of all races within each housing district. The effect of this can be observed in all parts of the country; for example a store devoted to selling Malay food might be right next to stores selling Chinese or Indian goods. This, in return, is thought by some to foster social cohesion and national loyalty, crucial for sustaining Singapore's growth. There is an extremely strong emphasis towards racial harmony and the history pertaining to it, such as the 1964 Race Riots. Religious tolerance has been strongly encouraged since the British colonised Singapore; the Sri Mariamman Temple (a south Indian Hindu temple that was declared a national monument in the 1980s), as well as the Masjid Jamae Mosque that served Chulia Muslims from India's Coromandel Coast is situated along South Bridge Road, which is an old major road that runs through Chinatown. Among other religious landmarks is the Church of Gregory the Illuminator, that was built in 1836, making it one of the oldest religious buildings in Singapore. It has been preserved to the present day, and Orthodox services continue to be held in it. Although most religions are tolerated, some unorthodox groups are banned. Male homosexual intercourse is illegal in Singapore. This has been the subject of much debate both inside and outside the country, and there is no current legislative proposal to alter this. Under the Societies Act, the government has not allowed any gay rights group to form and openly address the issue. The Internet has resulted in a number of alternative communities like PLU (People Like Us), Sambal, Fridae, Red Queen, and others. However, the Singapore Government has considered homosexuality to be taboo, claiming that the population is predominantly conservative. Since the late 1990s, the government has been striving to promote Singapore as a centre for arts and culture, including theatre and music. This fits in with Singapore's status as a cosmopolitan and multi-racial society, often being called the "gateway between the East and West". The highlight of this plan is the Esplanade - "Theatres on the Bay", a centre for performing arts, opened in 2003. The Esplanade is also informally known as "The Durian", due to its resemblance to the pungent fruit. To attract more tourists, the government passed a bill on 17 April 2005 to legalise gambling. It has decided to build two "Integrated Resorts" (IRs), each with a casino component built-in, at Marina South and Sentosa respectively. The decisions to legalise gambling and to build the resorts came only after great controversy and debate. Bans on bar-top dancing and bungee jumping were also lifted despite their lukewarm demand.

See also

External links


- [http://web.amnesty.org/report2005/sgp-summary-eng Amnesty International's 2005 report on Singapore]
- [http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/sn.html CIA World Factbook Entry for Singapore]
- [http://www.streetdirectory.com.sg Online map of Singapore]
- [http://www.gov.sg/ Singapore Government Online Portal]
- [http://www.sg/ Singapore Infomap]
- [http://www.visitsingapore.com Singapore Tourist Guide]
-
- [http://www.singapore.alloexpat.com/information_center_singapore.php AlloExpat - Singapore Information Center]

References


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- 1
- 2
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- This article incorporates public domain text from the websites of Singapore Department of Statistics, United States Department of State, [http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/sgtoc.html the United States Library of Congress] & CIA World Factbook (2004).

Footnotes

# [http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/S0424600.html Singapore, bartleby.com] # [http://www.changiairport.com.sg/changi/level2_with_links.jsp;jsessionid=CUYCy26IIRpFk3sIMZSfQxwEyOMPDUihLomClhV1EsWtQ1dQ2TBB!-1022406898!-1062718459!7005!8005?ASSORTMENT%3C%3East_id=1408474395181062&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=2534374302024442&bmUID=1121245380514 Changi Airport, Singapore] Wikipedia:Footnote3 Category:ASEAN member states Category:Capitals in Asia Category:Cities and towns in Singapore Category:Coastal cities Category:Former British colonies Category:Island nations Category:Members of the Commonwealth of Nations Category:Republics zh-min-nan:Sin-ka-pho ko:싱가포르 ms:Singapura ja:シンガポール simple:Singapore th:ประเทศสิงคโปร์

Vicipéid:Stumpaí

Is éard atá i stumpa ná alt an-ghearr, níos lú ná paragraf amháin de ghnáth. Ní féidir le stumpa tuairisciú ceart a thabhairt ach amháin do na hábhair is beagthábhachtaí. Ní ciallaíonn sé sin nach bhfuil alt leor le fáil sa stumpa — níl sé ach ag tnúth le tuilleadh scríbhinn.

Stumpa a chlibeáil

Má chruthaíonn tú stumpa, cuir an clib seo ag deireadh an leathanaigh, ach riomh na ranna Féach freisin agus Naisc seachtracha : . Mar sin, taispeánfar an téacs seo a leanas (as Múnla:stumpa) san alt. : Cuireann seo misneach i ndaoine eile chun an alt a fhorleathnú. Tar éis píosa breise a scríobh don leathanach, agus nuair nach bhfuil cumas stumpa air, bain an teachtaireacht seo as an leathanach.

Stumpa a fhorleathnú

Chun stumpa a fhorleathnú, is féidir leat tagairtí a chur isteach agus a lua faoin ábhar as leabhair, irisí nó nuachtáin. Tabhair cuairt do naisc seachtracha an ailt, má tá siad ann, nó ba féidir leat cuardach a dhéanamh ag inneall cuardaigh ar nós Google nó Yahoo! chun eolas a fháil faoin ábhar. Cuimhnigh, áfach, nach féidir leat téacs a chóipeáil focal ar fhocal isteach an Vicipéid, de réir an GFDL. Ar ndóigh, is féidir leat alt a haistriú as teanga eile sa Vicipéid, m.sh. an Vicipéid i mBéarla. ja:Wikipedia:スタブ ko:위키백과:토막글 ms:Wikipedia:Rencana stub sempurna simple:Wikipedia:Stub zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Phí

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