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Joffrey Reynolds

Joffrey Reynolds

Joffrey Reynolds (born November 26, 1979) is a Canadian Football League runningback for the Calgary Stampeders. Reynolds, Joffrey Reynolds, Joffrey Reynolds, Joffrey

November 26

November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 35 days remaining.

Events


- 1778 - In the Hawaiian Islands, Captain James Cook becomes the first European to visit Maui.
- 1805 - Official opening of Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct.
- 1825 - At Union College in Schenectady, New York a group of college students form Kappa Alpha Society, the first college social fraternity.
- 1862 - Charles Dodgson (AKA Lewis Carroll) sends the handwritten manuscript of Alice's Adventures Underground to 10-year-old Alice Liddell.
- 1863 - American Civil War: Mine Run - Union forces under General George Meade position against troops led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee.
- 1865 - Battle of Papudo: The Spanish navy engages a combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet north of Valparaiso, Chile.
- 1917 - The National Hockey League is formed, with the Montreal Canadiens, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, Quebec Bulldogs, and Toronto Arenas as its first teams.
- 1918 - The Podgorica Assembly votes for "union of the people", declaring assimilation into the Kingdom of Serbia
- 1922 - Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first people to enter the tomb of Egyptian King Tutankhamun in over 3000 years.
- 1922 - Toll of the Sea debuts as the first general release film to use two-tone Technicolor (The Gulf Between was the first film to do so but it was not widely distributed).
- 1939 - Shelling of Mainila: The Soviet Army orchestrates the incident which is used to justify the start of the Winter War with Finland four days later.
- 1941 - US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs a bill establishing the fourth Thursday in November as Thanksgiving Day in the United States.
- 1941 - World War II: Attack on Pearl Harbor - A fleet of six aircraft carriers commanded by Japanese Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumo leaves Hitokapu Bay for Pearl Harbor under strict radio silence.
- 1941 - World War II: The Hull note ultimatum is delivered to Japan by the United States.
- 1942 - The film Casablanca premieres at the Hollywood Theater in New York City.
- 1942 - World War II: Yugoslav Partisans convene the first meeting of the Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia at Bihać in northwestern Bosnia.
- 1949 - The Indian Constituent Assembly adopts India's constitution.
- 1950 - Korean War: Troops from the People's Republic of China move into North Korea and launch a massive counterattack against South Korean and American forces (Battle of Chosin Reservoir), ending any hopes of a quick end to the conflict.
- 1965 - In the Hammaguira launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1 on board, becoming the third country to enter space.
- 1968 - Vietnam War: United States Air Force helicopter pilot James P. Fleming rescues an Army Special Forces unit pinned down by Viet Cong fire and is later awarded the Medal of Honor.
- 1968 - British rock band Cream play their farewell concert at the Royal Albert Hall.
- 1970 - In Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, 1.5 inches (38.1mm) of rain fall in a minute, the heaviest rainfall ever on record.
- 1976 - The Band play their final concert, dubbed The Last Waltz. One of the guest performers is Eric Clapton, whose band Cream also played their farewell concert on November 26, 8 years earlier.
- 1977 - 'Vrillon', representative of the 'Ashtar Galactic Command', takes over Britain's Southern Television for five minutes at 5:12 PM.
- 1983 - Brinks Mat robbery: In London, 6,800 gold bars worth nearly £26 million are taken from the Brinks Mat vault at Heathrow Airport
- 1985 - US President Ronald Reagan signs over rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.
- 1986 - Iran-Contra scandal: US President Ronald Reagan announces the members of what will become known as the Tower Commission.
- 1986 - The New Yorker publishes Susan Sontag's AIDS short story, "The Way We Live Now"
- 1998 - Tony Blair becomes the first Prime Minister of the United Kingdom to address the Republic of Ireland's parliament.
- 2003 - Last flight of Concorde.

Births


- 1288 - Emperor Go-Daigo of Japan (d. 1339)
- 1436 - Princess Catherine of Portugal, writer (d. 1463)
- 1607 - John Harvard, English-born clergyman (d. 1638)
- 1609 - Henry Dunster, English president of Harvard College (d. 1659)
- 1657 - William Derham, English minister and writer d. 1735)
- 1678 - Jean Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan, French geophysicist (d. 1771)
- 1703 - Theophilus Cibber, English actor and writer (d. 1758)
- 1792 - Sarah Grimke, American abolitionist and feminist (d. 1873)
- 1832 - Mary Edwards Walker, American feminist physician (d. 1919)
- 1832 - Karl Rudolf König, German physicist (d. 1901)
- 1847 - Maria Fyodorovna, Princess of Denmark and Empress of Russia (d. 1928)
- 1864 - Edward Higgins, British Salvation Army General (d. 1947)
- 1869 - Maud, Queen of Norway (d. 1938)
- 1876 - Willis Carrier, American engineer and inventor (d. 1950)
- 1877 - Alfred Cortot, Swiss pianist (d. 1962)
- 1885 - Heinrich Brüning, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1970)
- 1889 - Albert Dieudonné, French actor, screenwriter and novelist (d. 1976)
- 1894 - Norbert Wiener, American mathematician and founder of Cybernetics (d. 1964)
- 1898 - Karl Ziegler, German chemist, Nobel Prize laurete (d. 1973)
- 1899 - Bruno Hauptmann, German kidnapper of Charles Lindbergh III (d. 1936)
- 1905 - Bob Johnson, American baseball player (d. 1982)
- 1910 - Cyril Cusack, Irish actor (d. 1993)
- 1909 - Eugène Ionesco, Romanian-born playwright (d. 1994)
- 1912 - Eric Sevareid, American journalist (d. 1992)
- 1915 - Earl Wild, American pianist
- 1922 - Charles M. Schulz, American cartoonist (d. 2000)
- 1924 - George Segal, American Pop Sculptor (d. 2000)
- 1925 - Eugene Istomin, American pianist (d. 2003)
- 1927 - Ernie Coombs, American born children's entertainer (d. 2001)
- 1931 - Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, Argentine activist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
- 1933 - Robert Goulet, American singer and actor
- 1937 - Boris Yegorov, Soviet cosmonaut
- 1938 - Porter J. Goss, American politician and Central Intelligence Agency director
- 1938 - Rich Little, Canadian comedian and actor
- 1939 - Tina Turner, American singer and actress
- 1939 - Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, 5th Prime Minister of Malaysia
- 1943 - Bruce Paltrow, American producer and director (d. 2002)
- 1945 - Daniel Davis, American actor
- 1945 - John McVie, British musician (Fleetwood Mac)
- 1946 - Art Shell, American football player and coach
- 1947 - Susanne Zenor, American actress
- 1948 - Krešimir Ćosić, Croatian basketball player (d. 1995)
- 1949 - Vincent A. Mahler, Political Scientist and professor at Loyola University Chicago
- 1949 - Juanin Clay, American actress (d. 1995)
- 1951 - Cicciolina, Italian actress and politician
- 1953 - Harry Carson, American football player
- 1956 - Dale Jarrett, American race car driver
- 1969 - Shawn Kemp, American basketball player
- 1970 - Dave Hughes, Australian comedian
- 1971 - Ronald "Winky" Wright, American boxer
- 1972 - Arjun Rampal, Indian actor
- 1974 - Ajay Mehra, Indian columnist (Writer of Pubhop in Bangalore Weekly)
- 1976 - Maven Huffman, American professional wrestler
- 1981 - Aurora Snow, American actress
- 1981 - Stephan Andersen, Danish international footballer
- 1981 - Natasha Bedingfield, British singer
- 1985 - Lil' Fizz, American singer

Deaths


- 399 - Pope Siricius
- 1252 - Blanche of Castile, Queen of Louis VIII of France (b. 1188)
- 1326 - Hugh the younger Despenser, English knight (b. 1286)
- 1504 - Queen Isabella I of Castile (b. 1451)
- 1621 - Radulph Agas, English surveyor
- 1639 - John Spottiswoode, Scottish historian (b. 1565)
- 1651 - Henry Ireton, English Civil War general (b. 1611)
- 1688 - Philippe Quinault, French writer (b. 1635)
- 1689 - Marquard Gude, German archaeologist (b. 1635)
- 1717 - Daniel Purcell, British composer (b. 1664)
- 1719 - John Hudson, British classical scholar (b. 1662)
- 1780 - Sir James Denham Steuart, British economist (b. 1712)
- 1836 - John MacAdam, British road builder (b. 1756)
- 1851 - Nicolas Jean de Dieu Soult, French marshal (b. 1769)
- 1855 - Adam Mickiewicz, Polish poet (b. 1798)
- 1857 - Joseph von Eichendorff, German poet (b. 1788)
- 1876 - Karl Ernst von Baer, German biologist (b. 1792)
- 1896 - Emil du Bois-Reymond, German physician (b. 1818)
- 1896 - Coventry Patmore, British poet (b. 1823)
- 1952 - Sven Hedin, Swedish explorer (b. 1865)
- 1956 - Tommy Dorsey, American bandleader (b. 1905)
- 1959 - Albert Ketèlbey, British composer (b. 1875)
- 1962 - Albert Sarraut, French politician (b. 1872)
- 1963 - Amelita Galli-Curci, Italian soprano (b. 1882)
- 1981 - Max Euwe, Dutch chess player (b. 1901)
- 1996 - Michael Bentine, British comedian (b. 1922)
- 2002 - Verne Winchell, American doughnut entrepreneur
- 2003 - Soulja Slim, American rapper (shot) (b. 1978)
- 2003 - Stefan Wul, French writer (b. 1922)
- 2005 - Stan Berenstain,Childrens Author (b. 1923)

Holidays and observances


- R.C. saints - Pope Siricius; celebration of the excellence of Saint Genevieve in Paris.
- Also see November 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Bahá'í Faith: Day of the Covenant
- Mongolia: Independence Day

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/26 BBC: On This Day]
- World : [http://www.adbusters.org/metas/eco/bnd/ Buy Nothing Day] ---- November 25 - November 27 - October 26 - December 26 -- listing of all days ko:11월 26일 ms:26 November ja:11月26日 simple:November 26 th:26 พฤศจิกายน

1979

This page refers to the year 1979. For the Smashing Pumpkins song, see 1979 (song). 1979 (MCMLXXIX) is a common year starting on Monday.

Events


- 1979 energy crisis - occurred in the wake of the Iranian Revolution

January


- January 1 - United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim heralds the start of the "International Year of the Child." Many musicians donate to the "Music for UNICEF" fund.
- January 1 - Sino-American relations: United States and the People's Republic of China establish diplomatic relations
- January 4 - State of Ohio agrees to pay $675,000 to families of dead and injured in Kent State University shootings.
- January 7 - Vietnam and Vietnam-backed Cambodian insurgents announce the fall of Phnom Penh, Cambodian capital, and the collapse of the Pol Pot regime. Pol Pot and Khmer Rouge retreat to Thailand
- January 8 - The French tanker Betelgeuse explodes at the Gulf Oil terminal at Bantry in Ireland - 50 dead
- January 13 - YMCA sues the Village People for libel because of their song of the same name
- January 16 - The Shah of Iran flees Iran with his family and relocate to Egypt after a year of turmoil.
- January 19 - Former US Attorney General John N. Mitchell released on parole after 19 months at a federal prison in Alabama
- January 29 - Brenda Ann Spencer opens fire at random in San Diego, California, killing two teachers and wounding 8 students

February


- February 1 - Convicted bank robber Patty Hearst is released from prison after her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter
- February 1 - Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returns to Tehran, Iran after nearly 15 years of exile.
- February 2 - Sid Vicious dies of heroin overdose
- February 3 - Khomeini creates the Council of the Islamic Revolution
- February 7 - Supporters of Khomeini take over the Iranian law enforcement, courts and government administration
- February 7 - Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for the first time since either planet was known to science.
- February 10-February 11 - Iranian army mutinies and joins the Islamic Revolution
- February 11 - Khomeini seizes power in Iran.
- February 14 - In Kabul, Muslim extremists kidnap the American ambassador to Afghanistan, Adolph Dubs, who is later killed during a gunfight between his kidnappers and police
- February 14 - Musician Walter Carlos reveals that he has undergone a sex change operation and become Wendy
- February 17 - The People's Republic of China invades northern Vietnam, launching the Sino-Vietnamese War.
- February 22 - Independence of Saint Lucia from the United Kingdom.

March

March and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel sign the Camp David Accords.]]
- March 1 - Scotland voted narrowly for home rule, which was not implemented, and Wales voted against
- March 5 - Voyager I passes Jupiter
- March 13 - In Grenada, Maurice Bishop leads a successful coup
- March 14 - In China, a Hawker-Siddeley Trident crashes into a factory near Beijing killing at least 200
- March 25 - The first fully functional space shuttle orbiter, Columbia, was delivered to the John F. Kennedy Space Center to be prepared for its first launch
- March 26 - In a ceremony at the White House, President Anwar Sadat of Egypt and Prime Minister Menachem Begin of Israel sign a peace treaty
- March 28 - Nuclear power plant accident at Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, releases radiation
- March 28 - In Britain, Jim Callaghan's government loses a motion of confidence by one vote, forcing a general election
- March 29 - Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, 6th Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia dies in office. He is replaced by Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Mustain Billah ibni Almarhum Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Riayatuddin Al-Muadzam Shah, Sultan of Pahang.
- March 30 - Airey Neave, World War Two veteran and Conservative Northern Ireland spokesman, is killed by INLA bomb in British House of Commons car park
- March 31 - The Royal Navy withdraws from Malta

April-May

May.]]
- April 1 - Iran's government becomes Islamic Republic by a 98% vote, overthrowing the Shah officially
- April 1-April 18 - Police lock Andreas Mihavecz in a holding cell in Bregenz, Austria and forget him there for the next 18 days without food or drink
- April 2 - Soviet biowarfare laboratory at Sverdlovsk accidentally releases airborne anthrax spores. 66 dead plus unknown amount of livestock
- April 4 - President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto of Pakistan is executed
- April 10 - A tornado hits in Wichita Falls, Texas killing 42 people. It was the most notable tornado of twenty-six that hit that day.
- April 11 - Tanzanian troops take Kampala, the capital of Uganda. Idi Amin flees
- April 17 - Schoolchildren in the Central African Republic arrested for protesting against wearing the expensive, school uniforms. Around 100 killed.
- April 23 - Fighting in London between the Anti-Nazi League and the Metropolitan Police's Special Patrol Group results in the death of protestor Blair Peach
- May 1 - Greenland gets home rule
- May 4 - Conservatives win the British general election; Margaret Thatcher becomes the new prime minister.
- May 9 - Unabomber bomb injures Northwestern University graduate student John Harris
- May 10 - The Federated States of Micronesia becomes self-governing.
- May 25 - American Airlines Flight 191: In Chicago, Illinois, a DC-10 crashes during takeoff at O'Hare International Airport killing 271 on board and two people on the ground.

June


- June 1 - The first black-led government of Rhodesia in 90 years takes power, in succession to Ian Smith and under his power-sharing deal.
- June 2 - Pope John Paul II visits his native Poland, becoming the first Pope to visit a Communist country
- June 3 - A blowout at the Ixtoc I oil well in the southern Gulf of Mexico causes at least 600,000 tons (176,400,000 gallons) of oil to be spilled into the waters, the worst oil spill to date. Some estimate the spill to be 428 million gallons, making it the largest unintentional oil spill ever.
- June 4 - Joe Clark becomes Canada's sixteenth, and youngest, prime minister.
- June 12 - Bryan Allen flies the Gossamer Albatross, man powered, across the English Channel.
- June 18 - Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev sign the SALT II agreement in Vienna.
- June 20 - a national guard soldier in Nicaragua kills ABC TV news correspondent Bill Stewart and his interpreter Juan Espinosa. Other members of the news crew capture the killing on tape
- June 23 - Sydney: New South Wales Premier Neville Wran officially opens the Eastern Suburbs Railway. It operates as a shuttle between Central & Bondi Junction until full integration with the Illawarra Line during 1980.

July-August


- July 2 - The Susan B. Anthony one-dollar coin is introduced in the US.
- July 3 - President Carter signed the first directive for secret aid to the opponents of the pro-Soviet regime in Kabul.
- July 9 - A car bomb destroys a Renault owned by "Nazi hunters" Serge and Beate Klarsfeld at their home in France. A note purportedly from ODESSA claims responsibility.
- July 11 - The space station Skylab returns to Earth.
- July 12 - A "Disco Demolition Night" publicity stunt goes awry at Comiskey Park forcing the Chicago White Sox to forfeit their game against the Detroit Tigers.
- July 12 - Assassination of Carmine Galante, boss of Bonanno mafia family
- July 13 - Skylab re-enters the Earth atmosphere; the wreckage lands in Australia
- July 16 - Iraqi President Hasan al-Bakr resigns and Vice President Saddam Hussein replaces him
- July 17 - Nicaraguan president General Anastasio Somoza Debayle resigns and flees to Miami; Sandinistas form a new government on July 19.
- July 19 - The Marxist Sandinistas take control of Nicaragua
- July 19 - Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo becomes prime minister of Portugal
- July 24 - Soviet Union exchanges Gerald Brook for spies Peter and Helen Kroger with United Kingdom
- July 31 - 400 Iranian pilgrims are killed after clashes with Saudi security forces in Mecca
- August 5 - Polisario signs a peace treaty with Mauritania
- August 5 - Government of Mauritania signs a peace treaty with Polisario
- August 9 - The first British nudist beach is established in Brighton
- August 27 - Lord Mountbatten and three others assassinated by the I.R.A..

September-October


- September 1 - The American Pioneer 11 becomes the first spacecraft to visit Saturn when it passes the planet at a distance of 21,000 km
- September 7 - The Chrysler Corporation asks the United States government for $1 billion to avoid bankruptcy.
- September 7 - ESPN starts broadcasting.
- September 16 - Three families flee from East Germany by balloon
- September 20 - French paratroopers help David Dacko to overthrow Bokassa
- September 22 - The South Atlantic Flash is observed near Bouvet Island, thought to be a nuclear weapons test.
- October 14 - A major gay rights march in the United States takes place in Washington, DC, involving many tens of thousands of people.
- October 16 - 23 people die in Nice, France, when the coastal town is hit by a tsunami
- October 21 - 259 Muslim radicals occupy Kaaba and the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Saudi Arabian army goes in to expel them
- October 26 - South Korean president Park Chunghee killed by KCIA head Kim Jaekyu.
- October 27 - Saint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independence.

November

November
- November 1 - Iran hostage crisis: Iranian Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini urged his people to demonstrate on November 4 and to expand attacks on United States and Israeli interests
- November 2 - French police shoots gangster Jacques Mesrine in Paris
- November 3 - In Greensboro, North Carolina, five members of the Communist Workers Party are shot to death and seven are wounded by a group of Klansmen and neo-Nazis during a "Death to the Klan" rally
- November 4 - Iran hostage crisis begins: 3000 Iranian radicals, mostly students, invade the United States embassy in Tehran and take 90 hostages (63 of whom are American). They demand that the United States send the former shah back to Iran to stand trial.
- November 5 - The radio news program Morning Edition premieres on National Public Radio.
- November 6 - At Montevideo , Uruguay the International Olympic Committee adopts a resolution where Taiwan Olympic and sports team participate with the name Chinese Taipei in future Olympics Games and international sports tournaments and championships .
- November 12 - Iran hostage crisis: In response to the hostage situation in Tehran, US President Jimmy Carter orders a halt to all oil imports into the United States from Iran
- November 14 - Iran hostage crisis: US President Jimmy Carter issues Executive Order 12170, freezing all Iranian assets in the United States and US banks in response to the hostage crisis
- November 16 - Bucharest Metro Line 1 is opened, in Bucharest, Romania (from Timpuri Noi to Semanatoarea stations, 8.63 km)
- November 17 - Iran hostage crisis: Iranian leader Ruhollah Khomeini orders the release of 13 female and black American hostages being held at the US Embassy in Tehran.
- November 20 - A group of around 200 militant Muslims occupied Mecca's Grand Mosque. They were driven out by French commandos (allowed into the city under these special circumstances despite their being non-Muslims) after bloody fighting that left 250 people were killed and 600 wounded.
- November 20 - Group of Sunni muslims barricade themselves into the Holy Mosque of Mecca. They hold out until December 4
- November 21 - After false radio reports from the Ayatollah Khomeini that the Americans had occupied the Great Mosque in Mecca, the United States Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan is attacked by a mob and set afire, killing four. (see: Foreign relations of Pakistan)
- November 23 - In Dublin, Ireland, Irish Republican Army member Thomas McMahon is sentenced to life in prison for the assassination of Lord Mountbatten
- November 28 - The Mount Erebus disaster: an Air New Zealand DC-10 crashes into Mount Erebus on a sightseeing trip, killing all 257 people on board.

December


- December 5 - Jack Lynch resigns as Taoiseach of the Republic of Ireland. Successor Charles Haughey.
- December 21 - Ceasefire for Rhodesia signed at London
- December 24 - Soviet Union invades Afghanistan
- December 24 - The launch of the first European Ariane rocket.
- December 26 - In Rhodesia, 96 Patriotic Front guerillas enter the capital Salisbury to monitor a ceasefire that begins in December 28
- December 27 - The Soviet Union seizes control of Afghanistan and Babrak Karmal replaces overthrown and executed President Hafizullah Amin.

Unknown dates


- The World Health Organization declares the world free of naturally occurring smallpox.
- UNICEF declares 1979 the "International Year of the Child."
- VisiCalc becomes the first spreadsheet program.
- Guardian Angels civilian patrol group forms in New York City.
- Sprengel Museum opens in Hanover, Germany.
- Windsor Tower was built in Madrid, Spain.
- The first usenet experiments were conducted by Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis of Duke University.

Births


- January 15 - Mary Pierce, American tennis player
- January 16 - Aaliyah, American singer (d. 2001)
- January 20 - Rob Bourdon, American drummer (Linkin Park)
- January 21 - Brian O'Driscoll, Irish rugby player
- January 24 - Tatyana Ali, American actress
- January 29 - Sui Feifei, Chinese basketball player
- February 9 - Mena Suvari, American actress
- February 9 - Zhang Ziyi, Chinese actress and model
- February 11 - Brandy Norwood, American singer
- February 16 - Valentino Rossi, Italian race car driver
- February 21 - Jennifer Love Hewitt, American actress and singer
- March 9 - Melina Perez, American professional wrestler
- March 11 - Benji Madden and Joel Madden, twins from Good Charlotte
- March 12 - Pete Doherty, English singer and guitarist (The Libertines and Babyshambles)
- March 30 - Norah Jones, American musician
- April 4 - Heath Ledger, Australian actor
- April 3 - Daniel Lane, British music journalist (Kerrang!)
- April 8 - Alexi Laiho, Finnish guitarist (Children of Bodom)
- April 10 - Rachel Corrie, American activist (d. 2003)
- April 10 - Tsuyoshi Domoto, Japanese artist
- April 10 - Sophie Ellis-Bextor, English singer
- April 12 - Claire Danes, American actress
- April 18 - Michael Bradley, American basketball player
- April 19 - Kate Hudson, American actress
- April 19 - Antoaneta Stefanova, Bulgarian chess player
- April 28 - Jorge Garcia, American actor
- May 2 - Roman Lyashenko, Russian hockey player (d. 2003)
- May 24 - Tracy McGrady, American basketball player
- May 25 - Jonny Wilkinson, English rugby player
- May 26 - Ashley Massaro, American professional wrestler and model
- June 5 - Pete Wentz, American bassist and lyricist (Fall Out Boy)
- June 13 - Nila Håkedal, Norwegian beach volleyball player
- June 23 - LaDainian Tomlinson, American football player
- June 24 - Craig Shergold, British cancer patient
- June 28 - Randy McMichael, American football player
- June 29 - Marleen Veldhuis, Dutch swimmer
- July 3 - Ludivine Sagnier, French model and actress
- July 5 - Amélie Mauresmo, French tennis player
- July 9 - Enav Itamar, Israeli Writer
- July 21 - David Carr, American football player
- July 26 - Johnson Beharry, British war hero
- August 10 - Joanna Garcia, American actress
- August 13 - Taizo Sugimura, Japanese politician
- August 16 - Sarah Balabagan, Filipina prisoner and singer
- August 26 - Jamal Lewis, American football player
- August 28 - Robert Hoyzer, German football referee
- September 13 - Bjørn-Arild Berthelsen, Norwegian Salvation Army soldier
- September 13 - Ivan Miljković, Serbian volleybal player, considered as the best attacker in the world, Olympic Champion in 2000 (with the team of Jugoslavia)
- September 15 - Amy Davidson, American actress
- September 28 - Bam Margera, American skater
- October 1 - Rudi Johnson, American football player
- October 14 - Stacy Keibler, American professional wrestler
- October 17 - Kimi Räikkönen, Finnish race car driver
- October 30 - Yukie Nakama, Japanese actress
- November 6 - Lamar Odom, American basketball player
- November 7 - Jon Peter Lewis, American singer and songwriter
- November 13 - Ron Artest, American basketball player
- December 12 - Nate Clements, American football player
- December 14 - Michael Owen, English footballer
- December 15 - Adam Brody, American actor
- December 17 - William Green, American football player
- December 23 - Summer Altice, American model and actress
- December 27 - Carson Palmer, American football player

Deaths

January-March


- January 3 - Conrad Hilton, American hotelier (b. 1887)
- January 5 - Charles Mingus, American musician (b. 1922)
- January 13 - Donny Hathaway, American musician (b. 1945)
- January 26 - Nelson Rockefeller, Governor of New York, Vice President of the United States (b. 1908)
- February 2 - Sid Vicious, English musician (Sex Pistols) (drug overdose) (b. 1957)
- February 7 - Josef Mengele, Nazi war criminal (b. 1911)
- February 9 - Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900)
- February 12 - Jean Renoir, French film director (b. 1894)
- February 14 - Reginald Maudling, British politician (b. 1917)
- February 23 - W.A.C. Bennett, Canadian politician (b. 1900)
- February 28 - Mr. Ed, American talking horse (b. 1949)
- March 1 - Mustafa Barzani, Iraqi Kurdish politician (b. 1903)
- March 19 - Richard Beckinsale, British actor (b. 1947)
- March 28 - Emmett Kelly, American clown (b. 1898)
- March 29 - Sultan Yahya Petra ibni Almarhum Sultan Ibrahim Petra, King of Malaysia (b. 1917)
- March 30 - Airey Neave, British politician (asassinated) (b. 1916)

April-September


- April 4 - Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, President and Prime Minister of Pakistan (executed) (b. 1928)
- April 4 - Edgar Buchanan, American actor (b. 1903)
- April 10 - Nino Rota, Italian composer (b. 1911)
- April 23 - Blair Peach, New Zealand-born anti-Nazi campaigner (killed by police) (b. 1946)
- May 2 - Giulio Natta, Italian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1903)
- May 11 - Barbara Hutton, American socialite (b. 1912)
- May 29 - Mary Pickford, Canadian actress and studio founder (b. 1892)
- June 1 - Werner Forssmann, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1904)
- June 11 - John Wayne, American actor (b. 1907)
- June 17 - Duffy Lewis, baseball player (b. 1888)
- June 19 - Paul Popenoe, American eugenicist (b. 1888)
- June 29 - Lowell George, American musician (Little Feat) (b. 1945)
- July 3 - Louis Durey, French composer (b. 1888)
- July 8 - Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
- July 8 - Robert B. Woodward, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
- July 10 - Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (b. 1894)
- July 12 - Minnie Riperton, American singer (b. 1947)
- July 16 - Alfred Deller, English countertenor (b. 1912)
- July 22 - Nittatsu Hosoi, Japanese priest (b. 1902)
- July 29 - Bill Todman, American game show producer (b. 1916)
- August 2 - Thurman Munson, baseball player (b. 1947)
- August 3 - Bertil Ohlin, Swedish economist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
- August 6 - Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen, German biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1911)
- August 12 - Ernst Boris Chain, German-born biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (b. 1906)
- August 27 - Earl Mountbatten, last British Viceroy of India (assassinated) (b. 1900)
- August 31 - Sally Rand, American dancer (b. 1904)
- September - Ismail Nasiruddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Zainal Abidin III, King of Malaysia (b. 1907)
- September 8 - Jean Seberg, American actress (b. 1938)
- September 10 - Agostinho Neto, Angolan nationalist (b. 1922)
- September 28 - John Herbert Chapman, Canadian physicist (b. 1921)
- September 29 - Francisco Macias Nguema, first president of Equatorial Guinea

October-December


- October 6 - Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (b. 1911)
- October 10 - Christopher Evans, British psychologist and computer scientist (b. 1931)
- October 13 - Rebecca Clarke, English composer and violist (b. 1886)
- October 16 - Johan Borgen, Norwegian author (b. 1903)
- October 22 - Nadia Boulanger, French composer and composition teacher (b. 1887)
- October 26 - Park Chung-hee, President of South Korea (b. 1917)
- November 1 - Mamie Eisenhower, First Lady of the United States (b. 1896)
- November 29 - Zeppo Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1901)
- December 3 - Dhyan Chand, Indian hockey player (b. 1905)
- December 23 - Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector (b. 1898)
- December 27 - Hafizullah Amin, President of Afghanistan (b. 1929)

Fictional


- June 13 - Pamela Voorhees, serial killer, mother of Jason Voorhees (b. 1930)

Nobel Prizes


- Physics - Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam, Steven Weinberg
- Chemistry - Herbert C. Brown, Georg Wittig
- Medicine - Allan M. Cormack, Godfrey N. Hounsfield
- Literature - Odysseas Elytis
- Peace - Mother Teresa
- Economics - Theodore Schultz, Arthur Lewis

Templeton Prize


- Rev. Nikkyo Niwano Category:1979 als:1979 ko:1979년 ja:1979年 simple:1979 th:พ.ศ. 2522

Canadian Football League

The Canadian Football League (CFL; French: Ligue canadienne de football) is a professional league located entirely in Canada that plays Canadian football. It is considered to be the highest level of play in Canadian football. The league's top trophy, the Grey Cup, was donated by Governor General Earl Grey in 1909 to the team winning the Senior Amateur Football Championship of Canada. Both the trophy and the championship game have become known as the Grey Cup. Since 1954, when the Ontario Rugby Football Union stopped challenging for the Grey Cup, the trophy has been awarded only to professional teams with the championship generally being an East vs. West competition. This is also the year the British Columbia Lions started play as the ninth professional team, so although the CFL was not technically founded until the late 1950's, 1954 is often referred to as the start of the "modern era" of Canadian professional football. It is also considered to be the year the CFL was founded in substance if not in name. The game is very similar to American football but there are several major rule differences.

History

Early history

The first Canadian football teams played under the auspices of the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU), founded in 1884. The CRFU was an umbrella organization that several leagues were part of. From the 1930s to the 1950s the two senior leagues of the CRFU (the Interprovincial Rugby Football Union and the Western Interprovincial Football Union) gradually evolved from amateur to professional leagues. They found they had less and less in common with the amateur leagues and consequently in 1956 they left the CRFU and formed a new umbrella organization, the Canadian Football Council. It was renamed the Canadian Football League in 1958. Initially, there was no interdivisional play between eastern and western teams except at the Grey Cup final. Limited interlocking play was introduced in 1961 and by 1981 there was a full interlocking schedule of 16 games a season. The separate histories of the IRFU and the WIFU accounted for the fact that 2 teams had basically the same nickname. To tell the 2 apart, the IRFU's Ottawa Rough Riders (always 2 separate words) were often called the "Eastern Riders," while the WIFU's Saskatchewan Roughriders (always one word) were called the "Western Riders." Other team nicknames had unusual yet traditional origins. With rowing a national craze in the late 1800's, the Argonaut Rowing Club of Toronto formed a rugby team for its members' off-season participation, and the Club nickname remains with the team. After World War II, the 2 teams in Hamilton--the Tigers and the Wildcats--merged both their organizations and their nicknames, thus accounting for the hyphen in "Tiger-Cats." After the admission of the expansion British Columbia Lions in 1954, the league remained stable with nine franchises from its 1958 inception until 1982 when the Montreal Alouettes folded and were subsequently replaced the same year by a new franchise named the Concordes. In 1986 the Concordes were renamed the Alouettes to attract more fan support, but the team folded the next year. The demise of the Alouettes, leaving only 3 teams in the Eastern Division compared to 5 teams in the Western Division, forced the League to balance its playoff structure by moving the 'easternmost' Western team, the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, into the East--achieving balance, but upsetting the long-standing tradition of 'East vs. West,' as Winnipeg isn't seen as part of eastern Canada.

Attempts at expansion into the United States

:Main article: CFL USA In 1993 the league admitted its first U.S. franchise, adding the Sacramento Gold Miners in an attempt to broaden Canadian football's popular appeal and boost league revenues. Spearheading the efforts were two former World League of American Football owners, Fred Anderson and Larry J. Benson, who would each receive a franchise. While Benson's team, the San Antonio Texans, would not play a single down, the Gold Miners would see action, finishing a respectable 6-12 (but remaining at the bottom of the West Division). The following year saw three more American CFL teams as part of a plan that would see the CFL expand to 20 teams, ten in Canada and ten in the United States. The Baltimore CFL Colts, a name that tried to evoke the spirit of a National Football League team that had since moved to Indianapolis (and were forced to change their name to the Stallions after a long legal battle) were the most successful of any American CFL team, having finished second in the East and making it to the Grey Cup Finals (becoming the first American team to play for the Grey Cup). On the other side of the equation were the Las Vegas Posse, who were so unsuccessful due to fan apathy that their final home game had to be moved to Edmonton. The Shreveport Pirates were the other new team. The 1995 season saw the loss of the Posse and the move of the Gold Miners to San Antonio, while the Birmingham Barracudas and Memphis Mad Dogs were added. However, fan interest in Canadian football, with the possible exception of the Stallions (largely because the Stallions were a top team), was sparse at best, with fans being driven away to see American college football or the NFL late in the season. At the end of the year, which saw the Stallions become the first American team to win the Grey Cup, all but the Stallions and the San Antonio Texans folded due to financial difficulties. The Stallions would later move to Montreal (renamed the Alouettes) when the NFL announced that a new team was to be added in Baltimore, and owner Jim Speros could not see the Stallions remaining there for long. The Texans would later fold with a similar explanation. After three seasons of American teams, the CFL returned to an all-Canadian format in 1996 with nine teams; however, the Ottawa Rough Riders folded following the season. In 2002 the league expanded back to nine teams with the Ottawa Renegades. After Ford Field was opened in Detroit, there was a small amount of talk about using the NFL Detroit Lions' former home, the Pontiac Silverdome, for a CFL team. Detroit, Michigan is right next to Windsor, Ontario, and this franchise could possibly have been referred to as the CFL franchise from Windsor, or a joint Detroit/Windsor franchise, but would play in Detroit.

Popularity

Although ice hockey is currently Canada's most popular sport, the CFL is highly popular in Quebec and west of Ontario, and its franchises there enjoy a greater level of support than Ontario teams. However, since the 2004 season, both Toronto and Hamilton have seen a resurgence in attendence. The Edmonton Eskimos regularly boast the league's highest average attendance, drawing about 40,000 people per game (although they also play in the league's largest stadium). Football has been gaining in popularity in Quebec with the recent success of the Alouettes, and Quebec university football teams now lead the country in attendance and on the field, with Laval University, the University of Montreal and Concordia University consistently in the top ten in the country. In Southern Ontario, the CFL is now recovering from the bankruptcy that plagued the Toronto and Hamilton teams in the 2003 season. Both teams have improved their attendance figures dramatically since the 2003 season. The league is currently looking to add a tenth team in Atlantic Canada or Quebec City, although the current mayor of Quebec City Andrée Boucher is against using city money to build a CFL stadium. Quebec City and Halifax have recently hosted CFL exhibition games, both of which sold out quickly. Moncton is expected to host a game next season.

CFL vs. NFL Comparisons

In the days when sports teams were financed almost entirely by ticket sales the two leagues were on equal footing and the CFL could sign top U.S. college football stars such as Johnny Rodgers and Joe Theismann. In fact, during the 1950's and 1960's exhibition games were played between CFL and NFL/AFL teams using a mixture of rules. The last such exhibition game saw the CFL's Hamilton Tiger-Cats defeat the AFL's Buffalo Bills. However, since the 1970s the advent of television revenue has allowed the NFL to far outspend the CFL. The CFL also sets a limit on the number of non-Canadian born players on Canadian teams. Although the difference in average salaries is currently great with only a handful of CFL players making above the NFL minimum, the differences in the rules between the two leagues means that different kinds of players tend to excel at each game. The result of this is that to a significant extent the leagues are not in competition for the same kinds of players.

Format

League training camps open in May, with regular season games beginning by late June and finishing by early November. The current season format has each team playing 18 games over this 20 week span (thus giving each team at least 2 bye weeks, while one team must play 2 games in one week at some point during the schedule, because of the odd number of teams). Teams are divided into 2 divisions, with 4 teams in the East and 5 in the West. Each team plays a home game and an away game against every other team, with 2 additional games versus divisional rivals. The principal television broadcaster is TSN, with some games also shown on CBC and RDS within Canada, and a variety of regional networks in the U.S. Games are typically scheduled for Thursday to Saturday evenings during June, July and August, but switch to more Saturday and Sunday afternoon games during September and October. TSN has also created a tradition of at least one Friday night game each week. Another fixture in the CFL season is the Labour Day Classic, played over the course of the Labour Day weekend (typically Week 10 in the regular season), where the matchups for three of the games in the week (Toronto at Hamilton, Edmonton at Calgary, and Winnipeg at Saskatchewan) have always remained the same year after year. The week after also sees matchups that remain the same between years (most notably the Calgary-Edmonton rematch at Commonwealth Stadium). A lesser known fixture in the CFL season is the Thanksgiving Day Classic, played over Thanksgiving Day (Canada's Thanksgiving Day is the same date as the USA's Columbus Day). Unlike the Labour Day games, however, the matchups are not always the same each year. The playoffs begin in November. After the regular season, the top team from each division has an automatic berth to the Division Finals, and the second place team has an automatic berth in the Division Semifinals. The third place team from each division will face the second place team, unless the fourth place team from the opposite division finishes with a better record (this provision is known as the crossover rule). The two division champions then face each other in the Grey Cup, which is held on the 3rd or 4th Sunday of November. Although the crossover rule implies that it is possible for two teams in the same division to play for the Grey Cup, no team that has crossed over has gone past the Division Semifinals.

Teams

Defunct teams


- Atlantic Schooners - never played a game
- Baltimore Stallions
- Birmingham Barracudas
- Las Vegas Posse
- Memphis Mad Dogs
- Montreal Concordes
- Ottawa Rough Riders
- San Antonio Texans
- Sacramento Gold Miners
- Shreveport Pirates

CFL Commissioners/Presidents

# G. Sydney Halter (1958-1966) # Keith Davey (1966) # Ted Workman (1967) (interim) # Allan McEachern (1967-1968) # J.G. Gaudaur (1968-1984) # Douglas H. Mitchell (1984-1988) # C. William Baker (1989) # R. Roy McMurty (1990) (interim) # J. Donald Crump (1990-1991) # Phil Kershaw (1992) (interim) # Larry W. Smith (1992-1996) # John H. Tory (1996-2000) # Michael R. Lysko (2000-2002) # David Braley (2002) (interim) # Tom E.S. Wright (2003-present)

See also


- Canadian Football Hall of Fame
- Canadian football
- Comparison of Canadian and American football
- List of CFL seasons

External links


- [http://www.cfl.ca Canadian Football League]
- [http://www.13thman.com/ 13thman.com]
- [http://www.55yardline.com/ 55 Yard Line]
- [http://www.cflfan.com/ CFLFan.com]
- [http://www.cflzone.com CFLZone.com]
-

Category:Calgary Stampeders players

These are players who have played with the Canadian Football League's Calgary Stampeders. Category:Canadian Football League players Category:Calgary Stampeders

Category:Canadian Football League players

This category lists Canadian football players that have played in the Canadian Football League, the highest level of play in the sport. Category:Canadian Football League Category:Canadian football players Category:Canadian sportspeople

Bahasa Esperanto

Esperanto adalah bahasa artifisial yang diciptakan oleh Ludovich Zamenhoff, seorang Polandia Nama "Esperanto" adalah nama samaran dari L.L Zamenhoff sendiri ketika ia menerbitkan tentang bahasanya pada tahun 1887. Tujuan utama Zamenhof adalah untuk membuat bahasa netral yang mudah dipelajari.

Sejarah

nama samaran Sebagai sebuah bahasa terkonstruksi, sejarah Esperanto pendek dan cukup dikenal. Esperanto dikembangkan pada akhir 1870-an dan awal 1880-an oleh L.L. Zamenhoff. Setelah sekitar sepuluh tahun perkembangannya, pada 26 Juli 1887 dia menerbitkan Unua Libro, tata bahasa pertama dari Esperanto, di Rusia, diikuti oleh versi dari beberapa bahasa lain dari tahun 1887 sampai 1889. Jumlah penuturnya berkembang pada dekade dekade selanjutnya, pada awalnya sebagian besar hanya di Kerajaan Rusia dan Eropa Timur, lalu merambah ke Eropa Barat dan lalu ke Amerika. Pada dekade dekade awal penutur Esperanto biasanya berhubungan satu sama lain melalui majalah dan korespondensi. Pada tahun 1905 Kongress Esperanto Dunia di adakan di Boulogne-sur-Mer, Perancis sejak itu kongress dunia diadakan setiap tahun kecuali ketika perang dunia.

Lihat pula


- Daftar Bahasa
- Esperanto (Wikibuku)
- [http://it.groups.yahoo.com/group/ni_parolas_esperante Diskutgrupo "Ni parolas Esperante"] Kategori:Bahasa als:Esperanto ja:エスペラント ko:에스페란토 ms:Bahasa Esperanto simple:Esperanto th:ภาษาเอสปรานโต zh-min-nan:Sè-kài-gí

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