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| Klaus Kleinfeld |
Klaus KleinfeldKlaus Christian Kleinfeld (born November 6 1957 in Bremen, Germany) is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Munich-based Siemens AG since January 2005.
Kleinfeld earned a Master's degree in Business Administration/Economics from the University of Goettingen, Germany, in 1982, followed by a Ph.D. in Strategic Management from the University of Wuerzburg, Germany in 1992. He started his business career at the pharmaceutical company Ciba-Geigy (today part of Novartis) in Basel, Switzerland, in 1986. Kleinfeld works for Siemens AG since 1987. He established and led the internal Siemens Management Consulting Group (SMC) and he was Executive Vice President of the Siemens AG Medical Engineering Group (Siemens Med). In January 2001 he became Chief Operating Officer for Siemens U.S.A., in 2002 he was appointed CEO of the US-branch and member of the Siemens AG central management board. In 2005 he succeeded Heinrich von Pierer as CEO of the Siemens AG. Colleagues describe him as an engaged and spirited manager and as good communicator.
Klaus Kleinfeld is a member of the Board of Directors of Alcoa Inc. and he also serves as a director of the Metropolitan Opera in New York. He is married and has two daughters. In his spare time he is also an avid marathon runner who has finished the New York City Marathon several times.
External links
- [http://www.siemens.com Siemens AG Official website]
November 6November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining.
With 88 days between the equinox on September 23 and the solstice on 21 December, we are considered halfway through the relevant seasons (Autumn or Fall in the northern hemisphere; Spring in the southern hemisphere) on November 6.
Events
- 1528 - Shipwrecked Spanish conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca becomes the first known European to set foot on Texas.
- 1789 - Pope Pius VI appoints Father John Carroll as the first Roman Catholic bishop in the United States.
- 1844 - The first constitution of the Dominican Republic was adopted.
- 1860 - U.S. presidential election, 1860: Abraham Lincoln is elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
- 1861 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America.
- 1869 - In New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers University defeats Princeton University, 6-4, in the first official intercollegiate American football game .
- 1873 - The Halifax Rugby League Football Club is formed.
- 1888 - U.S. presidential election, 1888: Democrat incumbent Grover Cleveland wins the overall popular vote, but is voted out of office because he loses in the Electoral College to Republican challenger Benjamin Harrison.
- 1889 - Nintendo Koppai (Later Nintendo Company, Limited) founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce and market the playing card game Hanafuda.
- 1900 - U.S. presidential election, 1900: Republican incumbent William McKinley is re-elected by defeating Democrat challenger William Jennings Bryan.
- 1913 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
- 1917 - World War I: Third Battle of Ypres ends: After three months of fierce fighting, Canadian forces take Ypres in Belgium.
- 1918 - The Second Polish Republic is proclaimed in Poland.
- 1928 - Swedes start a tradition of eating Gustavus Adolphus pastries to commemorate the king.
- 1928 - U.S. presidential election, 1928: Republican Herbert Hoover wins by a wide margin over Democrat Alfred E. Smith.
- 1935 - Before the New York section of the Institute of Radio Engineers, Edwin Armstrong presents his paper "A Method of Reducing Disturbances in Radio Signaling by a System of Frequency Modulation" (see: FM radio).
- 1939 - World War II: Sonderaktion Krakau
- 1939 - The Hedda Hopper Show debuts with Hollywood gossip Hedda Hopper as host. The show would run until 1951, making Hopper a powerful figure in the Hollywood elite.
- 1941 - World War II: Soviet leader Joseph Stalin addresses the Soviet Union for only the second time during his three-decade rule. He states that even though 350,000 troops were killed in German attacks so far, that the Germans have lost 4.5 million soldiers (a wild exaggeration) and that Soviet victory was near.
- 1947 - Meet The Press makes its television debut (the show went to a weekly schedule on September 12, 1948).
- 1956 - U.S. presidential election, 1956: Republican incumbent Dwight D. Eisenhower is re-elected by defeating Democrat challenger Adlai E. Stevenson in a rematch of their contest four years earlier.
- 1957 - Félix Gaillard becomes Prime Minister of France
- 1962 - Apartheid: The United Nations General Assembly passes a resolution condemning South Africa's racist apartheid policies and calls for all UN member states to cease military and economic relations with the nation.
- 1963 - Vietnam War: Following the November 1 coup and execution of President Ngo Dinh Diem, coup leader General Duong Van Minh takes over leadership of South Vietnam.
- 1965 - Freedom Flights begin: Cuba and the United States formally agree to start an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States. By 1971, 250,000 Cubans will take advantage of this program.
- 1971 - The AEC tests the largest U.S. underground hydrogen bomb, code-named Cannikin, on Amchitka Island in the Aleutians.
- 1975 - Green March begins: 300,000 unarmed Moroccans converge on the southern city of Tarfaya and wait for a signal from King Hassan II of Morocco to cross into Western Sahara.
- 1975 - The Sex Pistols play their first concert at St. Martin's School of Art in London.
- 1977 - The Kelly Barnes Dam, located above Toccoa Falls Bible College near Toccoa, Georgia, fails, killing 39.
- 1984 - Ronald Reagan defeats Walter Mondale to be re-elected in one of the largest electoral landslides in United States election history.
- 1985 - In Colombia, leftist guerrillas of the April 19 Movement seize control of the Palace of Justice in Bogotá, eventually killing 115 people, 11 of them Supreme Court justices.
- 1985 - "Irangate" scandal: The American press reveals that US President Ronald Reagan had authorized the shipment of arms to Iran.
- 1988 - Beatle Ringo Starr checks into an alcohol rehabilitation centre.
- 1989 - Kitty Dukakis, wife of presidential candidate and Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis, is hospitalised for drinking rubbing alcohol.
- 1996 - The family of Eduardo Quihua Maquixtle from Vicente Guerrero, Mexico, including his four children, are stabbed by three men accusing them of witchcraft.
- 1998 - Hugo Chávez is elected president of Venezuela
- 1999 - Australians vote to keep the British monarch as their head of state in the Australian republic referendum..
- 2001 - Belgians national airline Sabena is declared bankrupt.
- 2001 - Michael Bloomberg is elected mayor of New York City.
- 2001 - David Trimble is re-elected prime minister of Northern Ireland
- 2002 - 12 people are killed in a fire on board a train headed for Vienna from Paris
- 2002 - Winona Ryder is found guilty of shoplifting after stealing items worth $5,500 from a New York boutique.
- 2004 - An express train collides with a stationary car near the village of Ufton Nervet, England, killing 6 and injuring 150.
- 2004 - Official Guided by Voices Day in Dallas, Texas.
- 2005 - The 2005 French Riots continue for a tenth day.
- 2005 - Manchester United beats Chelsea FC at a football game at Old Trafford, Manchester to end the defending champion's 40-match unbeaten run in the English Premier League.
- 2005 - The Evansville Tornado of November 2005 kills 22 in Indiana and Kentucky.
Births
- 1391 - Edmund de Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (d. 1425)
- 1479 - Joanna of Castile, queen of Philip I of Castile (d. 1555)
- 1494 - Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1566)
- 1510 - John Caius, English physician (d. 1573)
- 1661 - King Charles II of Spain (d. 1700)
- 1692 - Louis Racine, French poet (d. 1763)
- 1814 - Adolphe Sax, Belgian inventor (d.1894)
- 1833 - Jonas Lie, Norwegian author (d.1908)
- 1841 - Nelson W. Aldrich, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island (d. 1915)
- 1841 - Armand Fallières, French president (d. 1931)
- 1851 - Charles Dow, American journalist and economist (d.1902)
- 1854 - John Philip Sousa, American composer (d. 1932)
- 1855 - Ezra Seymour Gosney, American philanthropist and eugenicist (d. 1942)
- 1860 - Ignace Paderewski, Polish pianist, composer, and President of Poland (d.1941)
- 1861 - James Naismith, Canadian inventor of basketball (d. 1939)
- 1880 - Robert Musil, Austrian novelist (d. 1942)
- 1887 - Walter Johnson, baseball player (d. 1946)
- 1892 - Harold Ross, American editor (d.1951)
- 1914 - Jonathan Harris, American actor (d. 2002)
- 1916 - Ray Conniff, American composer and conductor (d.2002)
- 1921 - James Jones, American writer (d. 1977)
- 1931 - Mike Nichols, American film director
- 1938 - Mack Jones, baseball player (d. 2004)
- 1938 - P.J. Proby, American-born singer and actor
- 1939 - Michael Schwerner, American civil rights activist (d. 1964)
- 1946 - Sally Field, American actress
- 1948 - Glenn Frey, American singer (Eagles)
- 1949 - Brad Davis, American actor (d. 1991)
- 1949 - Arturo Sandoval, Cuban-born trumpeter
- 1955 - Maria Shriver, American journalist
- 1957 - Klaus Kleinfeld, German industrialist
- 1957 - Lori Singer, American actress
- 1965 - Greg Graffin, American singer (Bad Religion)
- 1966 - Paul Gilbert, American guitarist and singer
- 1966 - Christian Lorenz, German keyboardist (Rammstein)
- 1967 - Rebecca Schaeffer, American actress (d. 1989)
- 1970 - Ethan Hawke, American actor
- 1972 - Garry Flitcroft, English footballer
- 1972 - Thandie Newton, Zambian actress
- 1972 - Rebecca Romijn, American actress
- 1973 - Nell McAndrew, British model
- 1976 - Mike Herrera, American singer and bassist (mxpx)
- 1976 - Pat Tillman, American football player (d. 2004)
- 1979 - Lamar Odom, American basketball player
- 1987 - Ana Ivanović, Serbian tennis player
Deaths
- 1231 - Emperor Tsuchimikado of Japan (b. 1196)
- 1406 - Pope Innocent VII
- 1492 - Antoine Busnois, French composer
- 1550 - Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (b. 1487)
- 1632 - King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (killed in battle) (b. 1594)
- 1656 - King John IV of Portugal (b. 1603)
- 1692 - Gédéon Tallemant des Réaux, French writer (b. 1619)
- 1752 - Ralph Erskine, Scottish minister (b. 1685)
- 1771 - John Bevis, English physician and astronomer (b. 1695)
- 1790 - James Bowdoin, American Revolutionary leader and politician (b. 1726)
- 1796 - Catherine II of Russia (b. 1729)
- 1816 - Gouverneur Morris, American lawmaker and diplomat (b. 1752)
- 1822 - Claude Louis Berthollet, French chemist (b. 1748)
- 1836 - King Charles X of France (b. 1757)
- 1846 - Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician and social activist (b. 1800)
- 1893 - Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, Russian composer (b. 1840)
- 1910 - Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (b. 1838)
- 1925 - Khai Dinh, Emperor of Vietnam
- 1964 - Hans von Euler-Chelpin, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1863)
- 1965 - Edgar Varèse, French composer (b. 1883)
- 1965 - Clarence Williams, American musician (b. 1898)
- 1968 - Charles Munch, French conductor and violinist (b. 1891)
- 1978 - Harry Bertoia, Italian artist and designer (b. 1915)
- 1984 - Gastón Suárez, Bolivian novelist and dramatist (b. 1929)
- 1985 - Joel Crothers, Soap Opera Actor (b. 1941)
- 1986 - Elisabeth Grümmer, Alsatian soprano (b. 1911)
- 1989 - Yusaku Matsuda, Japanese actor (b. 1949)
- 1991 - Gene Tierney, American actress (b. 1920)
- 2000 - David R. Brower, American environmentalist (b. 1912)
- 2000 - L. Sprague De Camp, American writer (b. 1907)
- 2001 - Anthony Shaffer, English dramatist (b. 1926)
- 2002 - Sid Sackson, American board game designer (b. 1920)
- 2003 - Crash Holly, American professional wrestler (b. 1971)
- 2003 - Rie Mastenbroek, Dutch swimmer (b. 1919)
- 2003 - Eduardo Palomo, Mexican actor (b. 1962)
- 2004 - Fred Dibnah, English television personality (b. 1938)
- 2004 -Johnny Warren, Australian footballer (b. 1943)
- 2005 - Minako Honda, Japanese singer and musical actress (b. 1967)
Holidays and Observances
- R.C. Saints - November 6th is the feast day of the following Roman Catholic Saints:
- St. Atticus
- St. Barlaam
- St. Christine of Stommeln
- St. Demetrian
- St. Edwen
- St. Efflam
- St. Emil
- St. Felix of Fondi
- St. Felix of Thynissa
- St. Illtud
- St. Joseph Khang
- St. Leonard
- St. Leonard of Noblac
- St. Leonard of Reresby
- St. Leonianus
- St. Pinnock
- St. Winoc
- Also see November 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Dominican Republic - Constitution Day (1844)
- Finland - Day of the Swedish Identity an official flag day
- Morocco - Anniversary of the Green March
- Sweden - Death of King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden an official flag day
- Tajikistan - Constitution Day (1994)
External links
- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/6 BBC: On This Day]
----
November 5 - November 7 - October 6 - December 6 - more historical anniversaries
ko:11월 6일
ms:6 November
ja:11月6日
simple:November 6
th:6 พฤศจิกายน
Bremen (city)
Bremen is a city in northern Germany (official name: Freie Hansestadt Bremen1 (Free Hanseatic City of Bremen), referring to its membership in the medieval Hanseatic League). It is a port city, situated along the river Weser, about 50 km south from its outflow into the North Sea. Bremen is one of two towns belonging to the state of Bremen, the other being Bremerhaven. Population: 545,983 (1st June 2005).
Politics
The Bürgerschaft (city assembly) is the parliament of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen(official name, German: Freie Hansestadt Bremen), which is voted for by the citizens of Bremen every four years.
The first mayor of the city (Erster Bürgermeister) as head of the senate (which forms the executive branch) is elected by the Bürgerschaft (city assembly) and is thus head of the city state. Currently, the First Mayor of Bremen is Jens Böhrnsen.
History
In the 8th century the troops of Charlemagne advanced to the Weser in order to christianise the tribes settling here. Bremen, which may have been an older settlement, became a bishopric2; a deed claiming the town's foundation in 788 has now been recognised as a forgery, so the exact date is unknown. In the following centuries the bishops of Bremen were the driving force behind the Christianisation of Scandinavia.
In the 12th century the power of the archbishops was challenged by Henry the Lion. The duke was successful and became the factual ruler of the town. These events led to a civil government and a loss of clerical power. Bremen became a merchants' town, and its ships dominated the southern portions of the North Sea. This dominance ended when the Hanseatic League, originally a trade alliance of the Baltic Sea only, expanded to the North Sea. In the early 14th century ships from Bremen acted as pirates to board hanseatic cogs. In order to avoid open war aldermen from Bremen went to the Hanseatic Council in Lübeck and agreed to becoming members of the league (1358)3.
Bremen remained a reluctant member of the Hanseatic League. The town demanded support for its wars against the chieftains of Frisia, who ruled the region around the Weser mouth, but they seldom joined campaigns in the Baltic Sea. In 1425 the conflict escalated, when the citizens burnt hanseatic documents on the market place. Bremen was expelled from the league in 1427. The consequences followed soon: the sudden loss of power led to territorial claims of neighbouring states (e.g. Oldenburg) and significant territorial losses.
Oldenburg
In 1620 Germany's first man-made harbour was built at Vegesack. 6
On March 6, 1901 an assassin attempted to kill Wilhelm II of Germany here.
After World War II, Bremen became a part of the American occupation zone since the USA wanted to have one port town within their zone. This prevented the inclusion of Bremen into the new Land of Lower Saxony that was formed around it within the British zone, and secured Bremen independence as a Federal State of its own right in the new West German federation.
Historical population
:1810: 35,800 inhabitants
:1830: 43,700
:1850: 55,100
:1880: 111,900
:1900: 161,200
:1925: 295,000
:1998: 550,000 4
Sights
Many of the sights in Bremen are found in the Altstadt (Old Town), an oval area surrounded by the Weser River, on the southwest, and the Stadtgraben, the former moats of the medieval city walls, on the northeast. The oldest part of the Altstadt is the southeast half, starting with the Marktplatz and ending at the Schnoor district.
- The Marktplatz (Market square) is dominated by the opulent façade of the Town Hall. The building was erected between 1405 and 1410 in Gothic style, but the façade was built two centuries later (1609-12), in Renaissance style.
- In front of the Town Hall stand two famous statues: one is the statue (1404) of the city's protector, Roland, bearing the "sword of justice" and a shield decorated with an imperial eagle. The other is Gerhard Marcks's famous 1953 bronze sculpture Die Stadtmusikanten (Town Musicians) which portrays the donkey, dog, cat, and rooster of the Grimm Brothers' fairy tale.
- Other interesting buildings in the vicinity of the Marktplatz are the Schütting, a 16th-century Flemish-inspired guild hall, and the Stadtwaage, the former weighing house (built in 1588), with an ornate Renaissance façade.
- The impressive Cathedral St. Petri (13th century), to the east of the Marktplatz, with sculptures of Moses and David, Peter and Paul, and Charlemagne.
- The Liebfrauenkirche (Our Lady's Church) is the oldest church of the town (11th century). Its crypt features several impressive murals from the 14th century.
- Off the south side of the Markplatz, the 110-metre (120 yards) Böttcherstraße was transformed in 1923-1931 by the coffee Magnate Ludwig Roselius, who commissioned local artists to convert the narrow street (in medieval time, the street of the barrel makers) into a inspired mixture of Gothic and Art Nouveau. Today, the street is one of Bremen's most popular attractions.
- At the end of Böttcherstraße, by the Weser bank, stands the Martinikirche (St Martin's Church), a Gothic brick church built in 1229, and rebuilt in 1960 after its destruction in World War II.
- Tucked away between the Cathedral and the river is the Schnoor, a small, well-preserved area of crooked lanes and fishing houses from the 15th and 16th centuries, now occupied by cafés, artisan shops and art galleries.
- Schlachte, the medieval harbour of Bremen (the modern port is some kilometres downstream) and today a street with one pub/bar next to the other on the one side and on the other side the river Weser.
More contemporary tourist attractions include:
- Universum Science Center, a modern science museum
- botanika, an extension to a public park that attempts to the same as above Universum for biology
- Beck's Beer Factory, tours are available to the public which include beer tasting
- The Space Center opened in 2004 inside the Space Park in the Gröpelingen district and closed on 2004 26 September, since then a remarkable investment ruin.
Constructions
- Mediumwave transmitter Bremen
- Fallturm Bremen
- Telecommunication Tower Bremen
Sister City
Bremens Sister Cities are
- Gdansk, Poland
- Pune, India
- Riga, Latvia
- Durban, South Africa
- Izmir, Turkey
Miscellaneous
Bremen has a large and famous university founded in 1971 5, the more practice-related University of Applied Sciences (earliest predecessor founded in 1799) more recently the International University Bremen, and several high-tech industries have settled in the city. Many of Germany's space technology exports are manufactured in EADS SPACE Transportation facilities in Bremen, such as the Columbus module of the International Space Station, Europe's Ariane 5 rocket upper stages and the Automated Transfer Vehicle. Furthermore, Bremen is the home of the second biggest Airbus plant of Germany, producing wing equipment for the A300/A310, A330/A340 and A380 families of aircraft.
There is also a Mercedes-Benz factory in Bremen, building the SL and SLK series of cars.
Beck's beer is brewed in Bremen.
Bremen has an international airport situated in the south of the city (ICAO code: EDDW / IATA code: BRE).
It is home of the soccer team SV Werder Bremen which won the German Football Championship for the fourth and the German Football Cup for the fifth time in 2004, making SV Werder Bremen just the fourth team in German football history to win the double.
Bremen is famous for a fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, the Town Musicians of Bremen, although they never actually reach Bremen in the tale.
Every year since 1036 in the last two weeks of October Bremen hosts Freimarkt ("Free market"), one of the world's oldest and in Germany one of today's biggest continously celebrated fairground festival.
Bremen is also host to one of the four big annual Techno parades, the Vision Parade, and also the birthplace of the American comedic industrial musician Kompressor.
In October-November 2005, Bremen hosted the 14th ACM Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM[http://www.tzi.de/CIKM2005/])
See also
- List of Mayors of Bremen
External links
- [http://www.bremen.de/ Official city website]
- [http://www.uni-bremen.de/ University of Bremen]
- [http://www.hs-bremen.de Hochschule or University of applied sciences]
- [http://www.iu-bremen.de/ International University Bremen]
- [http://www.panorama-cities.net/bremen/bremen.html City Panoramas Bremen] - Panoramic Views of Bremen's Highlights
- [http://www.freimarkt.de/en/index.htm Freimarkt website]
History links
- http://www.genealogy.net/reg/BRE (Genealogical research in Bremen)
- http://www.schiffslisten.de (Database: Emigration via Bremen Ports 1920 - 1939)
- http://maus.genealogy.net (Die MAUS - Genealogical society of Bremen)
- http://www.historic.de (Military History of Bremen 1933-1945)
References
- [http://print.google.com/print?id=mnPfmoPlrwIC&lpg=64&pg=64&sig=6px9XGkkC3_T_P8U2WftxKu8160 page 64]
-
Footnotes
- 1 Kohl since 1815
- 2 Kohl claims the Bishopric was created in 787
- 3 Kohl
- 4 Kohl population of around 550,000 in 1998 includes 25,000 students
- 5 Kohl
Category:Cities in Germany
Category:Bremen
Category:German state capitals
ko:브레멘
ja:ブレーメン
simple:Bremen
Goettingen
Göttingen () is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Göttingen. The Leine river runs through the town. In 2004 the population was 129,466.
General information
The origins of Göttingen lay in a village called Gutingi. This village was first mentioned in a document in 953. The city was founded between 1150 and 1200 to the north-west of this village and adopted its name. In medieval times the city was a member of the Hanseatic League and hence a wealthy town.
Today Göttingen is famous for its old university (Georgia Augusta, or "Georg-August-Universität"), which was founded in 1737 and became the most visited university of Europe. In 1837 seven professors protested against the absolute sovereignty of the kings of Hanover; they lost their offices, but became known as the "Göttingen Seven". They include some well-known celebrities: the Brothers Grimm, Wilhelm Weber and Georg Gervinus. Also, German chancellors Otto von Bismarck and Gerhard Schröder went to law school at the Göttingen university. Among the most famous mathematicians in history, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Bernhard Riemann, and David Hilbert were professors at Göttingen.
Like other university towns, Göttingen has developed its own folklore. On the day of their doctorate, postgraduate students are drawn in handcarts from the Great Hall to the Gänseliesel-Fountain in front of the Old Town Hall. There they have to climb the fountain and kiss the statue of the Gänseliesel (Goose girl). She is considered to be the most-kissed girl in the world.
Nearly untouched by allied bombing in World War II, the inner city of Göttingen is now an attractive place to live with many shops, cafes and bars. For this reason, many university students live in the inner city and give Göttingen a young face. In 2003, 45% of the inner city population was only between 18 and 30 years of age.
Economically, Göttingen is noted for its production of optical and fine mechanical machinery, including the light microscopy division of Carl Zeiss, Inc. — the region around Göttingen advertises itself as "Measurement Valley". Unemployment in Göttingen was at 12.6% (2003).
History
The origins of Göttingen lay in a village named Gutingi which was mentioned the first time in a document of the emperor Otto I in 953. Archaeological evidence points towards a settlement as early as in the seventh century. The findings in this village show the existence of extensive commercial relations with other regions and a developed craftsmanship. At an uncertain point in time between 1150 and 1200 the present city was founded to the north-west of the older village. The new city adopted the name of the village. As normally the founding of a city is a privilege granted by the ruler of the territory, and the ruler was the duke of Saxony and Bavaria, Henry the Lion, it is presumed that he founded the city. Around 1200 Göttingen possessed full city rights. With time the former Old village was fully integrated into the city, and with the construction of the new city walls in 1362, it was integrated in the city precinct.
Between 1351 and 1572 Göttingen was a member of the Hanseatic League. During this time it had gained considerable independence from its territorial rulers. The city council did not allow the construction of castles in the surroundings of the city, and moved to destroy these, for example in Rosdorf, Grone and the one inside the city as well. This independence later waned, and around the first half of the 16th century the princes of Calenberg-Göttingen, a branch of the Welf dynasty had taken back control.
In 1584 the city came into possession of the princes of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, also of the Welf dynasty, and in 1635 to the princes of Calenberg. In 1692 it became a possession of the prince-electors of Hanover.
The university of Göttingen was founded in 1737 by George II August, king of England and prince-elector of Hanover. During the Napoleonic period the city was briefly in the hands of Prussia in 1806, turned over in 1807 to the newly created Napoleonic Kingdom of Westphalia, and returned to the state of Hanover in 1813 after Napoleon's defeat. In 1814 the prince-electors of Hanover were elevated to kings of Hanover.
In 1854 the city was connected to the new railway system. Today, Göttingen station is served by the high speed trains (ICE).
After the defeat of Austria and her ally Hanover at the hands of Prussia in the war of 1866, Göttingen and the Kingdom of Hanover became part of Prussia.
During the Third Reich, the university suffered greatly as many of its greatest minds emigrated early after the rise to power of Adolf Hitler, or were forced to leave later. This was due to the anti-Semitic policies of the time, as many of the excellent professors and scholars were Jewish. Not to forget that the insistence in a "German physics" prevented researchers from applying Einstein's discoveries which was of course nearly impossible. After the war the once-famous university had to be rebuilt almost from scratch, especially the physics and mathematics departments, a process which continues until today. The Göttingen synagogue was destroyed in the Reichspogromnacht on November 9, 1938. Many of the Jews of Göttingen were executed in the concentration camps. Also, there was a concentration camp for adolescents in Moringen which was liberated in 1945.
concentration camps
After the war the city and district of Göttingen joined the administrative district (Regierungsbezirk) of Hildesheim. In a reform in 1973 the district of Göttingen was enlarged by incorporating by the dissolved districts of Duderstadt and Hannoversch Münden.
Incorporations
The following communities were incorporated in the city of Göttingen:
- 1963: Herberhausen
- 1964: Geismar, Grone, Nikolausberg and Weende
- 1973: Deppoldshausen, Elliehausen, Esebeck, Groß Ellershausen, Hetjershausen, Holtensen, Knutbühren und Roringen
Population
The city's population has increased since the Middle Ages. With the arrival of the early modern period, the growth rate accelerated extremely. In 1985, a peak of 132,100 inhabitants was reached. The population of 2004 was 129,466 inhabitants. Of those, around 24,000 were students.
Religion
1973
Since the Middle Ages, the area of Göttingen has been part of the archbishopric of Mainz, and most of the population was Catholic. Starting in 1528 the teachings of church reformer Martin Luther became more and more popular in the city. In 1529 the first Protestant sermon was preached in the church Paulinerkirche, a former Dominican monastery church. For the following centuries nearly all the people in the city were Lutherans. As of today, the area of Göttingen is part of the Protestant Lutheran state church of Hanover. Apart from the Lutheran, there are several other Protestant churches in Göttingen (Freikirchen). In 1746 there were once again Catholic services in Göttingen, at first only for the students of the new university, but one year later for all the interested citizens. But it took until 1787 that the first Catholic church, Saint Michael, was built since the Reformation. In 1929 a second Catholic church, Saint Paul, was erected. Today, the major religions are Lutheran and Catholicism. Also, there has been a Baptist congregation since 1894, a Mennonite congregation since 1946, as well as a congregation of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints.
The existence of a Jewish community is documented since the 16th century During the Third Reich, the synagogue was destroyed in the Reichsprogromnacht on November 9, 1938, as were many others throughout Germany. The Jewish community was persecuted, and many of its members met their deaths in the concentration camps. In recent years, the Jewish community flourishes once again, with the immigration of Jewish people from the states of the former Soviet Union.
Finally, there are many Islamic congregations. Islam gained a foothold in Göttingen, as it did in other German cities, with the immigration of Turkish workers during the Wirtschaftswunder in the 1960s and 1970s. They are the majority of Muslims in Göttingen. Other Muslims are of Arabic origin or come from Pakistan and India. There exists a representative mosque in the city district of Grone.
There is a secular trend in Germany, especially in eastern Germany, but also in the west, where a growing number of people are not baptised or leave the church. This trend was especially noticeable in the last decade of the passed century. Nowadays the situation has stabilised for larger churches, though.
Politics
A town council with 24 councillors dates from the 12th century. In 1319 this council took control of the new city district (Neustadt) just in front of the wall. The council election took place on the Mondays following Michaelmas (September 29). Starting in 1611 all citizens could elect the 24 counsellors. Previously this right was restricted and depended on income and profession. Afterwards, the council elected the Bürgermeister (mayor). In 1669 the number of councillors was reduced to 16, and later to 12. In 1690 the city administration was reorganised again. Then the council consisted of the judge, two mayors, the city lawyer (Syndikus), the secretary and eight councillors. All of these were appointed by the government. During the Napoleonic era the mayor was called Maire, and there was also a city council. In 1831 there was another reform of the constitution and the administration. The title of the mayor changed to Oberbürgermeister. In the following decades there were more reforms to the city administration, which reflected the constitutional and territorial reorganisations of Germany. During the Third Reich the mayor was appointed by the NSDAP.
In 1946 the authorities of the British Occupation Zone, to which Göttingen then belonged, introduced a communal constitution which reflected the British model.
Coat of Arms
The Coat of Arms of Göttingen shows in the top half three silver towers with red roofs on a field of blue. The lateral towers possess four windows each and are crowned by golden crosses. Around the central towers there are four silver balls. The city towers represent the status as city which is imbued with certain rights. In the bottom field there is a golden lion on a red field. This lion represents the lion of the Welf dynasty, which in its various branches ruled the area of Göttingen for 850 years. This Coat of Arms is documented for the first time in 1278. In some occasions the city used a more simple coat of arms. This was a black mayuscule "G" on a golden field. On top of the letter was a crown.
Twinnings
The town has been twinned with Cheltenham in England since 1951, with Torun in Poland since 1978, with Pau in France since 1962 and with Wittenberg in Saxony-Anhalt since 1988. There has been a solidarity agreement with La Paz Centro in Nicaragua since 1989 which has as of now not yet lead to a formal twinning agreement.
People born in Göttingen
- Heinrich Ewald
- Hans-Jochen Vogel
- Bernhard Vogel
- Herbert Grönemeyer
- Gundula Krause
- Sandra Nasic
Sports
Göttingen has:
- a cricket club
- [http://www.bowlingcentergoettingen.de/ bowling alley]
- [http://www.golf.uni-goettingen.de/ driving range]
- at least two skittles alleys.
- [http://www.badeparadies.de/anzeige.html indoor swimming complex] and a number of outdoor pools.
cricket club
Universities and colleges
- Georg August University of Göttingen, http://www.uni-goettingen.de/
- Private Fachhochschule Göttingen, http://www.pfh-goettingen.de/
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts, http://www.fh-goettingen.de
External links
- City's own website, http://www.eng.goettingen.de/ (English) or http://www.goettingen.de/ (German)
- [http://www.goest.de/ Events and Nightlife Calendar for Göttingen]
- [http://www.goecam.de/ Webcams in Göttingen]
Category:Cities in Germany
Category:Towns in Lower Saxony
Category:University towns
ko:괴팅겐
ja:ゲッティンゲン
nb:Göttingen
1982
1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.
Events
January
- January 6 - William Bonin is convicted of being the "freeway killer".
- January 8 - AT&T agrees to divest itself into twenty-two subdivisions.
- January 10 - The lowest ever UK temperature of -27.2°C is recorded at Braemar, in Aberdeenshire. This equals the record set in the same place in 1895.
- January 11 - Mark Thatcher, son of the British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, disappears in the Sahara during Paris-Dakar rally. He is rescued January 14.
- January 11 to January 17 - A brutal cold snap sends temperatures to all-time record lows in dozens of cities throughout the Midwestern United States.
- January 13 - Shortly after takeoff, Air Florida Flight 90 crashes into Washington, DC's 14th Street Bridge and falls into the Potomac River, killing 78. Half an hour later, a Washington Metro train derails, killing three. It is the system's first fatal accident.
- January 17 - Cold Sunday sweeps over northern United States.
- January 26 - Mauno Koivisto elected the President of Finland.
- January 28 - James L. Dozier is rescued by Italian anti-terrorism forces after 42 days of captivity under the Red Brigades.
February
- February 1 - Senegal and Gambia form a loose confederation.
- February 2 - Hama Massacre begins in Syria.
- February 3 - Syrian president Hafez al-Assad orders army to purge the city of Harran of the Muslim Brotherhood.
- February 5 - Laker Airways collapses, leaving 6,000 passengers stranded and with debts of £270 million.
- February 15 - The oil platform Ocean Ranger sinks during a storm off the coast of Newfoundland, killing 84 rig workers.
- February 19 - The DeLorean Car factory in Belfast is put into receivership.
- February 24 - Wayne Gretzky of the Edmonton Oilers scores his 77th goal of the National Hockey League season, breaking the previous record of 76. He would go on to score 92 goals that season, which remains the record.
March
- March 1 - Jimmy Page's soundtrack album Death Wish II is released by Swan Song Records
- March 10 - The United States places an embargo on Libyan oil imports, alleging Libyan support of terrorist groups.
- March 10 - Syzygy: all 9 planets align on the same side of the Sun.
- March 18 - An Argentinean scrap metal dealer raises the Argentinean flag in South Georgia
- March 19 - Falklands War approaches: Argentines land on South Georgia Island, precipitating war.
- March 26 - A ground breaking ceremony for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial is held in Washington, DC
- March 29 - Royal Assent in London to the Canada Act 1982 sets the stage for the repatriation of the Canadian Constitution (see April 17 below).
- March 30 - Pakistan in Karachi Adeel Mansoor is born.
April
- April 2 - Falklands War begins: Argentina invades the Falkland Islands.
- April 4 - Falklands War: the British Falkland Islands government surrenders, placing the islands in Argentinean control
- April 6 - A blizzard unprecedented in size for April dumps 1-2 feet of snow on the northeastern U.S., closing schools and businesses, snarling traffic, and canceling several major league baseball games.
- April 17 - By Proclamation of the Queen of Canada on Parliament Hill, Canada repatriates its constitution, granting full political independence from the United Kingdom; included is the country's first entrenched bill of rights, called the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
- April 23 - Dennis Wardlow, Mayor of Key West, Florida, declares the independent Conch Republic for a day.
- April 25 - Israel completes withdrawing from the Sinai peninsula per the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty.
May
- May 1 - Falklands War: A Royal Air Force Vulcan bomber takes off from Ascension Island and bombs Stanley Airport.
- May 2 - Falklands War: Nuclear submarine HMS Conqueror sinks the Argentine cruiser General Belgrano.
- The Weather Channel airs on cable television for the first time.
- May 5 - Unabomber bomb explodes in the computer science department at Vanderbilt University; secretary Janet Smith is injured.
- May 12 - Spanish priest Juan Hernandes tries to stab Pope John Paul II with a bayonet during the latter's pilgrimage to the Fatima shrine.
- May 21 - Falklands War: Royal Marines and paratroopers from the British Task Force land at San Carlos Bay on the Falkland Islands and raise the Union Jack.
- May 23 - Falklands War - HMS Antelope of the Royal Navy explodes.
- May 24 - Iranian troops retake Khorramshahr.
- May 26 - Kielder Water, artificial lake in Northumbria, opened.
- May 28 - British troops reach Darwin in the Falkland Islands
- May 29 - Falklands War: In the Battle of Goose Green, British Paratroopers defeat a larger force of Argentine troops in the first land battle of the war.
- May 30 - Spain becomes the 16th member of NATO and the first nation to enter the alliance since West Germany's admission in 1955.
- May 31 - Falklands War: Battle of Stanley.
June
- June 6 - 1982 Lebanon War begins: Forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon in their "Operation Peace for the Galilee," eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut.
- June 6 - United Nations Security Council votes to demand that Israel withdraw its troops from Lebanon
- June 8 - President Reagan became the first American chief executive to address a joint session of the British Parliament.
- June 12 - 750,000 people rally against nuclear weapons in New York City's Central Park. Jackson Browne, James Taylor, Bruce Springsteen, and Linda Ronstadt are in attendance
- June 13 - In Alberta, Canada 15 members of the Black Leopards Karate Club demolish a house with bare hands and feet with owner's consent
- June 13 - Fahd becomes King of Saudi Arabia upon the death of his brother, Khalid.
- June 14 - Falklands War ends: British forces reach the outskirts of Stanley after "yomping" across East Falkland from San Carlos Bay. They arrive to find the Argentine forces flying white flags of surrender. A formal surrender is agreed that day.
- June 19 - The body of "God's Banker", Roberto Calvi, chairman of Banco Ambrosiano is found hanging beneath Blackfriars Bridge in London.
- June 22 - A British Airways Boeing 747 suffered a temporary four-engine flameout and damage to the exterior of the plane after flying through the otherwise undetected ash plume from Indonesia's Galunggung.
July-August
- July 1 - The Reverend Sun Myung Moon marries 4,150 of his followers at New York City's Madison Square Garden.
- July 2 - Larry Walters uses 45 helium balloons and a lawn chair to propel himself to 16,000 feet and flies from San Pedro, California to Long Beach.
- July 4 - Four Iranian diplomats have been kidnapped upon Israel invasion of Lebanon.
- July 9 - A Boeing 727 carrying Pan Am Flight 759 crashes in Kenner, Louisiana killing all 146 on board and eight on the ground
- July 9 - An intruder Michael Fagan visits the Queen in her bedroom for a chat
- July 11 - Italy beat West Germany 3-1 to win Football World Cup 1982 in Spain
- July 16 - The Reverend Sun Myung Moon is sentenced to 18 months in prison and fined $25,000 for tax fraud and conspiracy to obstruct justice.
- July 20 - The Provisional IRA detonates two bombs in central London, killing eight soldiers, wounding 47 people, and leading to the deaths of 7 horses.
- July 21- HMS Hermes, the Royal Navy flagship during the Falklands War, returns home to Portsmouth to a hero's welcome.
- July 23 - The International Whaling Commission decides to end commercial whaling by 1985-86.
- August 4 - United Nations Security Council votes to censure Israel because its troops are still in Lebanon
- August 20 - Lebanese Civil War: A multinational force lands in Beirut to oversee the PLO withdrawal from Lebanon. French troops arrive August 21, US marines August 25
September
- September 5 - Iowa paperboy Johnny Gosch kidnapped.
- September 14 - Bomb kills President-elect of Lebanon, Bashir Gemayel. His brother is elected president on September 23
- September 15 - Princess Grace of Monaco dies from injuries sustained in a car crash the previous day
- September 18 - Lebanese Christian Militia kill hundreds in the Palestinians in Sabra and Chatila refugee camps in West Beirut
- September 25 - 400,000 march in Israel demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Menachem Begin
- September 26 - Thermals take Australian parachutist Rich Collins up to 2800 meters during a jump; he almost blacks out due to lack of oxygen. He releases his main parachute to fall to lower altitude and lands by his reserve parachute
- September 29 to October 1 - The Tylenol scare is sparked after seven people in the Chicago, Illinois area die after ingesting capsules laced with potassium cyanide
October
- October 1 - Helmut Kohl replaces Helmut Schmidt as Chancellor of Germany through a Constructive Vote of No Confidence.
- October 8 - Poland bans Solidarity
- October 11 - The Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII of England that sank in 1545 is raised
- October 19 - John De Lorean is arrested for selling cocaine for undercover FBI agents. He was later found "not guilty", due to entrapment.
- October 28 - The Socialist Party win the election in Spain - Felipe González is elected Prime Minister
November
- November 2 - The fourth terrestrial television channel launched in the United Kingdom known as Channel 4 with the first programme broadcasted was the game show Countdown and is still in production. S4C, the Welsh equlvalent of Channel 4 launched the previous day
- November 3 - A Gasoline tanker explodes in the Salang Tunnel in Afghanistan, killing 2,000+ people.
- November 7 - The first public demonstration of the Thames Barrier
- November 12 - In the Soviet Union, former KGB head Yuri Andropov is selected to become the general secretary of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee, succeeding the late Leonid I. Brezhnev.
- November 13 - The Vietnam Veterans Memorial is dedicated in Washington D.C. after a march to its site by thousands of Vietnam War veterans.
- November 14 - The leader of Poland's outlawed Solidarity movement, Lech Wałęsa, is released from 11 months of internment near the Soviet border
- November 20 - Completing a wacky 57-yard kickoff return that includes five laterals, Kevin Moen runs through Stanford band members who had prematurely come onto the field. His touchdown stands and California wins 25-20.
- November 28 - Representatives from 88 countries gather in Geneva to discuss world trade and ways to work toward aspects of free trade
- November 29 - Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: The United Nations General Assembly passes United Nations Resolution 37/37, stating that the Soviet Union forces should withdraw from Afghanistan.
December
- December 2 - At the University of Utah, 61-year-old retired dentist Barney Clark becomes the first person to receive a permanent artificial heart (he lived for 112 days with the device)
- December 3 - A final soil sample is taken from the site of Times Beach, Missouri. It was found to contain 300 times the safe level of dioxin.
- December 4 - The People's Republic of China adopts its current constitution.
- December 7 - First US execution by lethal injection is carried out in Texas.
- December 12 - Women's peace protest at Greenham Common - 30,000 women hold hands and form a human chain around the 14.5 km (9 mi) perimeter fence
- December 23 - The Environmental Protection Agency recommends the evacuation of Times Beach, Missouri due to dangerous levels of dioxin contamination.
- December 26 - Time Magazine's Man of the Year was for the first time given to a non-human, a computer.
Unknown dates
- The Vietnam Memorial is built in Washington D.C.
- A brief but severe recession begins in the United States.
- Seattle officially dubbed the Emerald City after a contest held to choose a new city slogan.
- George Stigler wins The Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
- Eric Dammann / Future in Our Hands, Anwar Fazal / Consumer Interpol, Petra Kelly, Participatory Institute for Development Alternatives (PIDA) and Sir George Trevelyan / Wrekin Trust win the Right Livelihood Award.
Births
January-May
- January 1 - David Nalbandian, Argentine tennis player
- January 1 - Anna Williams, model
- January 2 - Cyrus Farivar, American journalist
- January 5 - Janica Kostelic, Croatian skier
- January 12 - Dontrelle Willis, American baseball player
- January 13 - Guillermo Coria, Argentine tennis player
- January 15 - Benjamin Agosto, American skater
- January 17 - Dwyane Wade, American basketball player
- January 19 - Jodie Sweetin, American actress
- February 9 - Ami Suzuki, Japanese singer
- February 10 - Mon Redee Sut Txi, a Malaysian athlete
- February 10 - Justin Gatlin, American athlete
- February 17 - Adriano Leite Ribeiro, Brazilian footballer (soccer player)
- February 22 - Jenna Haze, American actress
- February 28 - Andres Nuiamäe, Estonian soldier (d. 2004)
- March 2 - Ben Roethlisberger, American football player
- March 3 - Jessica Biel, American actress
- March 11 - Thora Birch, American actress
- March 25 - Danica Patrick, American race car driver
- March 25 - Sean Faris, American actor
- March 30 - Jason Dohring, American actor
- March 30 - Javier Garcia Portillo, Spanish footballer (soccer player)
- April 1 - Sam Huntington, American actor
- April 8 - Judy Star, American actress
- April 13- Donal Moynihan, Gaelic Footballer
- April 22 - Kaká, Brazilian footballer (soccer player)
- April 24- Kelly Clarkson, American singer
- April 30 - Kirsten Dunst, American actress
- May 6 - Chaylon Brewster, Canadian HipHop Producer and East Coast Music Award Winner
- May 9 - Rachel Boston, American beauty queen and actress
- May 15 - Veronica Campbell, Jamaican athlete
- May 17 - Tony Parker, French basketball player
- May 18 - Eric West, American actor and singer
- May 20 - Petr Čech, Czech footballer (soccer player)
- May 26 - Yoko Matsugane, Japanese model
June-October
- June 1 - Justine Henin-Hardenne, Belgian tennis player
- June 3 - Yelena Isinbayeva, Russian athlete
- June 8 - Nadia Petrova, Russian tennis player
- June 10 - Tara Lipinski, American figure skater
- June 11 - Diana Taurasi, American basketball player
- June 11 - Eldar Rønning, Norwegian cross-country Skier
- June 21 - Prince William of Wales
- June 25 - Mikhail Youzhny, Russian tennis player
- June 30 - Lizzy Caplan, American actress
- July 1 - Hilarie Burton, American actress and VJ
- July 8 - Sophia Bush, American actress
- July 8 - Hakim Warrick, American basketball player
- July 12 - Antonio Cassano, Italian footballer (soccer player)
- July 18 - Priyanka Chopra, Indian actress and beauty queen
- July 18 - Ryan Cabrera, American musician
- July 19 - Jared Padalecki, American actor
- July 24 - Anna Paquin, Canadian-born actress
- July 25 - Brad Renfro, American actor
- July 29 - Allison Mack, American actress
- August 2 - Hélder Postiga, Portuguese footballer (soccer player)
- August 7 - Yana Klochkova, Ukrainian swimmer
- August 8 - Roger Federer, Swiss tennis player
- August 9 - Tyson Gay, American athlete
- August 19 - Erika Christensen, American actress
- August 28 - LeAnn Rimes, American singer
- August 30 - Andy Roddick, American tennis player
- August 31 - José Manuel Reina Páez, Spanish footballer (soccer player)
- September 3 - Fearne Cotton, British television presenter
- September 4- Alessandra Rubi Streignard Villarreal, Spanish actress, model, and singer
- September 7 - Lorne Berfield, American actor
- September 9 - Ai Otsuka, Japanese singer and songwriter
- September 13 - Nenê, Brazilian basketball player
- September 22 - Billie Piper, English singer and actress
- September 27 - Lil Wayne, American rapper
- September 30 - Lacey Chabert, American actress
- October 7 - Robby Ginepri, American tennis player
- October 11 - Salim Stoudamire, American basketball player
- October 13 - Ian James Thorpe, Australian swimmer
- October 15 - Saif Saaeed Shaheen, Quatari athlete
November-December
- November 2 - Kyoko Fukada,Japanese actress, model and singer
- November 10 - Heather Matarazzo, American actress
- November 11 - Brittny Gastineau, American model and socialite
- November 12 - Anne Hathaway, American actress
- November 13 - Kumi Koda, Japanese singer
- November 29 - Ashley Force, American race car driver
- December 3 - Michael Essien, Ghanaian soccer player
- December 13 - Anthony Callea, Australian singer
- December 30 - Kristin Laura Kreuk, Canadian actress
Deaths
January-June
- January 19 - Elis Regina, Brazilian singer (b. 1945)
- January 30 - Lightning Hopkins, American musician (b. 1912)
- February 5 - Neil Aggett, South African labor leader (suicide)
- February 11 - Eleanor Powell, American dancer (b. 1912)
- February 11 - Takashi Shimura, Japanese actor (b. 1905)
- February 12 - Victor Jory, Canadian actor (b. 1902)
- February 17 - Thelonious Monk, American jazz pianist (b. 1917)
- February 17 - Lee Strasberg, American actor (b. 1901)
- March 2 - Philip K. Dick, American author (b. 1928)
- March 5 - John Belushi, American actor (b. 1949)
- March 6 - Ayn Rand, Russian-born author (b. 1905)
- March 19 - Randy Rhoads, American guitarist (b. 1956)
- March 28 - William Giauque, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1895)
- April 5 - Abe Fortas, U.S. Supreme Court Justice (b. 1910)
- April 15 - Arthur Lowe, British actor (b. 1915)
- May 1 - William Primrose, Scottish violist (b. 1903)
- May 8 - Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver (racing accident) (b. 1950)
- May 29 - Romy Schneider, Austrian actress (cardiac arrest) (b. 1938)
- June 2 - Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, President of Pakistan (b. 1904)
- June 8 - Satchel Paige, baseball player (b. 1906)
- June 12 - Karl von Frisch, Austrian zoologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1886)
- June 14 - Arthur Coles, Australian businessman and philanthropist (b. 1892)
- June 18 - Curt Jurgens, German actor (b. 1915)
July-December
- July 29 - Vladimir Zworykin, Russian-born inventor (b. 1889)
- August 15 - Hugo Theorell, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1903)
- August 23 - Stanford Moore, American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. | | |
