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Johnny Pesky

Johnny Pesky

John Michael Pesky (born John Michael Paveskovich September 27, 1919 in Portland, Oregon) is a former Major League Baseball shortstop/third baseman who played in the American League from 1942 to 1954. He missed all of the 1943, 1944, and 1945 seasons while serving in World War II. Johnny Pesky's biography is "Mr. Red Sox" by Bill Nowlin, published by Rounder Books. Pesky played seven and a half seasons for the Boston Red Sox before being traded to the Detroit Tigers in the middle of the 1952 season. He finished his career with the Washington Senators in 1954. He was selected to the All-Star game in 1946. Pesky was a teammate and close friend of Ted Williams, Bobby Doerr and Dom DiMaggio. Their friendship was chronicled in David Halberstam's book The Teammates. Pesky also has a piece of Fenway Park (the home of the Boston Red Sox) named after him. The nickname of the foul pole in right field is Pesky's Pole, named in his honor for being known to hit short home runs down the right field line, often hitting the pole. Pesky is a uniformed member of the Red Sox coaching staff and has been with the organization for 63 years. He attended the 2004 World Series and was on hand for the ceremony in which the World Series Championship Rings were handed out (April 11, 2005). With the help of Carl Yastrzemski, he raised the 2004 World Series Championship banner up the Fenway Park center field flagpole. See also
- Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame

External link


- Johnny Pesky's statistics at [http://www.baseball-reference.com/p/peskyjo01.shtml Baseball Reference] Pesky, Johnny Pesky, Johnny Pesky, Johnny Pesky, Johnny Pesky, Johnny Pesky, Johnny Pesky, Johnny Pesky, Johnny

September 27

September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 95 days remaining.

Events


- 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona, and is defeated again.
- 1540 - The Society of Jesus (the Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III.
- 1590 - Pope Urban VII dies 13 days after being chosen as the Pope, making his reign the shortest papacy in history.
- 1605 - The armies of Sweden are utterly defeated by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the Battle of Kircholm
- 1787 - The United States Constitution is delivered to the states for ratification.
- 1821 - Mexico gains its independence from Spain.
- 1822 - Jean-François Champollion announces that he has deciphered the Rosetta stone.
- 1825 - The Stockton and Darlington Railway opens, and begins operation of the world's first service of locomotive-hauled passenger trains.
- 1854 - The steamship Arctic sinks with 300 people on board. This marks the first great disaster in the Atlantic Ocean.
- 1903 - Wreck of the Old 97, a train crash made famous by the song of the same name.
- 1905 - Albert Einstein publishes the paper "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?" in Annalen der Physik. This paper revealed the relationship between energy and mass.
- 1928 - The Republic of China is recognized by the United States.
- 1938 - Ocean liner Queen Elizabeth launched in Glasgow.
- 1940 - The Tripartite Pact is signed in Berlin by Germany, Japan and Italy.
- 1941 - The SS Patrick Henry is launched becoming the first of more that 2,700 Liberty ships.
- 1942 - Glenn Miller and his Orchestra perform for the last time before Miller enters the US Army.
- 1949 - The first Plenary Session of the National People's Congress approves the design of the Flag of the People's Republic of China.
- 1954 - The nationwide debut of Tonight! (The Tonight Show) hosted by Steve Allen on NBC.
- 1959 - Nearly 5000 people die on the main Japanese island of Honshu as the result of a typhoon.
- 1964 - The Warren Commission releases its report, concluding that Lee Harvey Oswald, acting alone, assassinated President John F. Kennedy.
- 1968 - The stage musical, "Hair", opened at the Shaftesbury Theatre in London, where it played 1,998 performances until closure was forced by the roof collapsing in July, 1973.
- 1977 - The 300 metre tall CKVR-TV transmission tower in Barrie, Ontario, Canada is hit by a light aircraft in a fog, causing it to collapse. All aboard the aircraft are killed.
- 1979 - The United States Department of Education receives final approval from the U.S. Congress to become the 13th US Cabinet agency.
- 1980 - Marvin Hagler defeats Alan Minter to claim boxing's world Middleweight championship in London. They have to be escorted away by police after a riot forms.
- 1983 - Richard Stallman announces the GNU project to develop a free Unix-like operating system.
- 1986 - Cliff Burton, bassist for Metallica, dies after being crushed by the band's tour bus during their European tour.
- 1988 - The National League for Democracy, led by Aung San Suu Kyi is founded.
- 1995 - The Government of the United States unveils the first of its redesigned bank notes with the $100 bill featuring a larger portrait of Benjamin Franklin slightly off-center.
- 1996 - In Afghanistan, the Taliban capture the capital city Kabul after driving out President Burhanuddin Rabbani and executing former leader Mohammad Najibullah.
- 1997 - Communications are lost with the Mars Pathfinder for unknown reasons.
- 1998 - Google is first established
- 2001 - Boyband 5ive announced their disbandment.
- 2002 - Timor-Leste (East Timor) joins the United Nations.
- 2003 - Smart 1 is launched.
- 2003 - The Uniterran Church was founded in Victor, NY
- 2004 - Virgin Group announces a joint venture with Mojave Aerospace Ventures to build VSS Enterprise for commercial space flights and a new company called Virgin Galactic.
- 2005 - 500 photos taken of a live giant squid.

Births


- 1275 - John II of Brabant (d. 1312)
- 1389 - Cosimo de Medici, ruler of Florence (d. 1464)
- 1601 - King Louis XIII of France (d. 1643)
- 1627 - Jacques Benigne Bossuet, French bishop and author (d. 1704)
- 1643 - Solomon Stoddard, American Puritan clergyman
- 1696 - Alphonsus Liguori, Italian founder of the Redemptionist order (d. 1787)
- 1719 - Abraham Gotthelf Kästner, German mathematician (d. 1800)
- 1722 - Samuel Adams, American revolutionary leader (d. 1803)
- 1729 - Michael Denis, Austrian poet (d. 1800)
- 1803 - Samuel Francis du Pont, American admiral (d. 1865)
- 1805 - George Müller, Prussian orphanage builder (d. 1898)
- 1818 - Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (d. 1884)
- 1821 - Henri Frederic Amiel, Swiss writer (d. 1881)
- 1824 - William "Bull" Nelson, American Civil War general (d. 1862)
- 1830 - William Babcock Hazen, American Civil War general (d. 1887)
- 1840 - Thomas Nast, German-born political cartoonist (d. 1902)
- 1843 - Gaston Tarry, French mathematician (d. 1913)
- 1871 - Grazia Deledda, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1936)
- 1879 - Hans Hahn, Austrian mathematician (d. 1934)
- 1879 - Cyril Scott, English composer (d. 1970)
- 1885 - Harry Blackstone, American magician (d. 1965)
- 1896 - Sam Ervin, U.S. Senator from North Carolina (d. 1985)
- 1906 - William Empson, British poet and critic (d. 1984)
- 1907 - Maurice Blanchot, French philosopher and writer (d. 2003)
- 1907 - Bhagat Singh, Indian freedom fighter (d. 1931)
- 1913 - Albert Ellis, American psychologist
- 1918 - Martin Ryle, English radio astronomer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 1984)
- 1919 - James H. Wilkinson, American mathematician (d. 1986)
- 1920 - William Conrad, American actor (d. 1994)
- 1920 - Jayne Meadows, American actress
- 1922 - Carl Ballantine, American actor
- 1922 - Arthur Penn, American director
- 1924 - Fred Singer, American environmental scientist
- 1927 - Romano Scarpa, Italian comic book artist
- 1932 - Roger C. Carmel, American actor (d. 1986)
- 1932 - Michael Colvin, Canadian tenor
- 1932 - Oliver E. Williamson, American economist
- 1933 - Will Sampson, American actor (d. 1987)
- 1934 - Wilford Brimley, American actor
- 1934 - Claude Jarman Jr., American actor
- 1934 - Dick Schaap, American sports reporter (d. 2001)
- 1936 - Don Cornelius, American television host
- 1936 - Gordon Honeycombe, British author, playwright, and actor
- 1939 - Kathy Whitworth, American golfer
- 1942 - Dith Pran, Cambodian-born photojournalist
- 1942 - Alvin Stardust, English singer
- 1943 - Randy Bachman, Canadian musician
- 1945 - Jack Goldstein, Canadian-born artist (d. 2003)
- 1946 - Robin Nedwell, English comedy actor (d. 1999)
- 1947 - Barbara Dickson, Scottish singer
- 1947 - Meat Loaf, American singer and actor
- 1948 - Michele Dotrice, English actor
- 1948 - A. Martinez, American actor
- 1949 - Graham Richardson, Australian politician and broadcaster
- 1949 - Mike Schmidt, baseball player
- 1952 - Dumitru Prunariu, cosmonaut
- 1953 - Diane Julie Abbott, British politician
- 1953 - Mata Amritanandamayi, Indian religious leader
- 1958 - Shaun Cassidy, American singer and actor
- 1961 - Andy Lau, Hong Kong actor and singer
- 1965 - Steve Kerr, Lebanese-born basketball player
- 1965 - Peter MacKay, Canadian political leader
- 1972 - Clara Hughes, Canadian cyclist
- 1976 - Francesco Totti, Italian footballer
- 1977 - Andrus Värnik, Estonian athlete
- 1978 - Brad Arnold, American singer and songwriter (3 Doors Down)
- 1981 - Lakshmipathy Balaji, Indian cricketer
- 1981 - Brendon McCullum, New Zealand cricketer
- 1982 - Lil Wayne, American rapper and record producer
- 1984 - Avril Lavigne, Canadian singer and songwriter
- 1984 - Christian Choi, Argentine-born (Alpha Kappa Psi- Master of Rituals)

Deaths


- 1249 - Count Raymond VII of Toulouse (b. 1197)
- 1304 - John de Warenne, 7th Earl of Surrey, English soldier
- 1404 - William of Wykeham, English bishop and statesman (b. 1320)
- 1557 - Emperor Go-Nara of Japan (b. 1497)
- 1590 - Pope Urban VII (b. 1521)
- 1651 - Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1573)
- 1660 - Vincent de Paul, French saint (b. 1580)
- 1700 - Pope Innocent XII (b. 1615)
- 1719 - George Smalridge, English Bishop of Bristol (b. 1662)
- 1730 - Laurence Eusden, English poet (b. 1688)
- 1735 - Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist (drowned) (b. 1705)
- 1737 - John Sidney, 6th Earl of Leicester, English privy councillor (b. 1680)
- 1742 - Hugh Boulter, Irish Archbishop of Armagh (b. 1672)
- 1832 - Karl Christian Friedrich Krause, German philosopher (b. 1781)
- 1876 - Braxton Bragg, American Confederate general (b. 1817)
- 1891 - Ivan Goncharov, Russian author (b. 1812)
- 1917 - Edgar Degas, French painter (b. 1834)
- 1921 - Engelbert Humperdinck, German composer (b. 1854)
- 1933 - Ring Lardner, American writer (b. 1885)
- 1940 - Walter Benjamin, German philosopher (b. 1892)
- 1940 - Julius Wagner-Jauregg, Austrian neuroscientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1857)
- 1944 - Aimee Semple McPherson, American evangelist (b. 1890)
- 1956 - Gerald Finzi, English composer (b. 1901)
- 1956 - Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American athlete and golfer (b. 1911)
- 1960 - Sylvia Pankhurst, English suffragette and social activist (b. 1882)
- 1965 - Clara Bow, American actress (b. 1905)
- 1967 - Prince Felix Yussupov, Russian assassin of Rasputin (b. 1887)
- 1972 - S. R. Ranganathan, Indian mathematician and librarian (b. 1892)
- 1975 - Jack Lang, Australian politician (b. 1876)
- 1979 - Dame Gracie Fields, Lancastrian comedienne and singer (b. 1898)
- 1981 - Robert Montgomery, American actor (b. 1904)
- 1985 - Lloyd Nolan, American actor (b. 1902)
- 1986 - Cliff Burton, American musician (Metallica) (b. 1962)
- 1993 - Jimmy Doolittle, U.S. general and World War II hero (b. 1896)
- 1996 - Mohammad Najibullah, President of Afghanistan (b. 1947)
- 1998 - Narita Bryan, Japanese racehorse (b. 1991)
- 1998 - Doak Walker, American footballer (b. 1927)
- 2003 - Donald O'Connor, American actor, dancer, and singer (b. 1925)
- 2005 - Ronald Golias, Brazilian Comedian and actor (b. 1929)

Holidays and observances


- RC Saints - Saint Vincent de Paul
- Ethiopian Orthodox Church - Meskel
- Brazilian Umbanda Cults - "Cosme e Damião" - "Ibeijii", children's saints party Also see September 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Bahá'í Faith - Feast of Mashíyyat (Will) - First day of the eleventh month of the Bahá'í Calendar
- Belgium - French Community Day

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/27 BBC: On This Day] ---- September 26 - September 28 - August 27 - October 27 – more historical anniversaries ko:9월 27일 ms:27 September ja:9月27日 simple:September 27 th:27 กันยายน

1919

1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar).

Events

January


- January 1 - Iolaire sinking disaster
- January 1 - Edsel Ford succeeds his father as head of the Ford Motor Company
- January 5 - Spartacist uprising - Socialist demonstrations in Berlin turn into attempted communist revolution
- January 9 - Spartacus revolutionary council folds – Friedrich Ebert orders Freikorps into action
- January 10-January 12 - Freikorps attack Spartacus supporters around Berlin
- January 11 - Romania annexes Transylvania.
- January 13 - Worker’s councils in Berlin end the general strike - Spartacus week is over
- January 15 - Murder of Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht in the aftermath of Spartacus uprising
- January 15 - The Boston Molasses Disaster: Wave of molasses sweeps through Boston, killing 21 and injuring 150
- January 15 - Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes Premier of Poland
- January 16 - The 18th Amendment, authorizing Prohibition, goes into effect in the United States
- January 18 - World War I: A peace conference opens in Versailles, France.
- January 18 - Bentley Motors is founded
- January 21 - the First Dáil Éireann meets in the Mansion House in Dublin. It is from this meeting that the Irish state dates its existence.
- January 25 - The League of Nations is founded

February-April


- February 1 - The first Miss America is crowned (New York City).
- February 3 - Soviet troops occupy Ukraine
- February 11 - Friedrich Ebert (SPD), is elected President of Germany.
- February 14 - Polish-Soviet War begins
- February 25 - Oregon places a 1 cent per US gallon (26 ¢/L) tax on gasoline, becoming the first U.S. state to levy a gasoline tax.
- February 26 - An act of the United States Congress establishes most of the Grand Canyon as a United States National Park (see Grand Canyon National Park).
- March 1 - March 1st Movement against Japanese colonial rule in Korea.
- March 2 - The first Communist International meets in Moscow
- March 15 - The American Legion forms in Paris
- March 21 - The Chinese High School was established in Singapore by Mr. Tan Kah Kee
- March 23 - In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.
- March 31 - General strike begins in the Ruhr
- April 6-April 7 - Communist People’s Republic of Munich founded
- April 13 - At the Amritsar Massacre, British and Gurkha troops massacre 379 Indians.
- April 14 - Emperor of Austria moves to exile in Switzerland
- April 25 - Bauhaus movement founded
- April 25 - ANZAC day is celebrated for the first time in Australia.
- April 25 - Pancho Villa takes Parral in Mexico - hangs mayor and his two sons

May-June


- May 1 - Large left-wing demonstration in France leads to a violent confrontation with the police
- May 1 - Weimar Republic troops and Freikorps take over Munich and crush the Soviet Republic of Bavaria
- May 1 - The May Day Riots break out in Cleveland, Ohio – two people killed, forty injured, and one hundred and sixteen arrested
- May 3 - People's Republic of Munich is crushed
- May 4 - May Fourth Movement opposes foreign colonizers in China
- May 15 - Winnipeg launches general strike for better wages and working conditions.
- May 16 - US Navy Naval Curtiss aircraft NC-4 commanded by Albert Cushing Read departs Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight
- May 17 - Committee of One Thousand forms to oppose Winnipeg General Strike
- May 23 - The University of California opens it second campus in Los Angeles. Initially called Southern Branch of the University of California (SBUC), it is eventually renamed the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
- May 25 - Volcano Kelut erupts in Java – 16.000 dead
- May 29 - Einstein's theory of general relativity confirmed by Arthur Eddington's observation of a total eclipse of the Sun.
- June 4 - Women's rights: The United States Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which would guarantee suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.
- June 14 - John Alcock and Arthur Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland on the first nonstop transatlantic flight (they landed at Clifden, County Galway, Ireland the next day). [http://www.aviation-history.com/airmen/alcock.htm]
- June 15 - Pancho Villa attacks Ciudad Juarez. When the bullets begin to fly to the US side of the border, 2 units of the US 7th Cavalry regiment cross the border and repulse Villa's forces
- June 21 - Royal Canadian Mounted Police fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two, during Winnipeg General Strike.
- June 21 - Admiral Ludvig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney. The nine sailors killed were the last casualties of the First World War.
- June 28 - The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending World War I with Germany.

July-November


- July 6 - The British dirigible R-34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic by an airship.
- July 31 - Strike of policemen in London and Liverpool for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers. Over 2,000 strikers are dismissed.
- August 11 - In Germany, the Weimar Constitution is passed into law.
- August 19 - Afghanistan gains independence from the United Kingdom.
- 16 August-26 August - First Silesian Uprising, the Poles in Upper Silesia rise against the Germans
- August 31 - American Communist Party is established
- September 10 - Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed, ending World War I with Austria.
- September 10-September 15: The Florida Keys Hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas.
- September 23 - Belenenses is founded.
- September 27 - Last British troops leave Archangel, Russia and leave fighting to the Russians
- September 28 - Omaha Riot - lynch mob besieges the police station and courthouse in Omaha, Nebraska and lynch alleged black rapist Will Brown
- October 1 - Elaine Race Riot breaks out in Arkansas
- October 2 - US President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed.
- October 9 - Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series.
- October 9 - Boston police strike
- October 13 - Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation signed.
- October 28 - Prohibition begins: The United States Congress passes the Volstead Act over President Woodrow Wilson's veto.
- November - At end of month health officials declare the global Spanish Flu Pandemic over
- November 10 - The first national convention of the American Legion is held in Minneapolis, Minnesota (convention ended on November 12).
- November 11 - The Centralia Massacre in Centralia, Washington results the deaths of four members of the American Legion and the lynching of a local leader of the IWW.
- November 16 - Admiral Horthy conquers Budapest from Bela Kuns Soviet Republic
- November 27 - The Treaty of Neuilly is signed between Allies and Bulgaria.
- November 28 - The American-born Lady Astor is elected to the British House of Commons, becoming the first female MP to take a seat on December 1.

December


- December 5 - Turkish ministry of war releases Greeks, Armenians and Jews from military service
- December 12 - Gabriele D'Annunzio with his entourage marches into Fiume and convinces the Italian troops to join him
- December 30 - Lincoln's Inn, in London admits its first female bar student.
- The Paris Peace Conference

Unknown dates


- The Åland Islands vote for a return to Swedish rule in a referendum.
- Les Champs Magnetiques, the first automatic book, is written by Andre Breton and Philippe Soupault.
- XWA (now CFCF), in Montreal, Quebec, is the first public radio station in North America to go on the air.
- Various strikes in USA: Strike of US railroad workers; Longshoreman’s strike; The Great Steel Strike; General strike in Seattle, Washington.
- Female suffrage in Germany and Luxembourg
- Henri Desire Landru captured
- Marcel Tolkowsky's Diamond Design is published.
- The International Astronomical Union is founded.
- World League Against Alcoholism established by Anti-Saloon League.

Births


- Langdon Brown Gilkey - American Christian Protestant Ecumenical theologian (d. 2004)

January-April


- January 1 - J. D. Salinger, American novelist
- January 13 - Robert Stack, American actor (d. 2003)
- January 14 - Andy Rooney, American journalist
- January 23 - Hans Hass, Austrian zoologist
- January 23 - Ernie Kovacs, American comedian (d. 1962)
- January 25 - Edwin Newman, American journalist and writer
- January 26 - Valentino Mazzola, Italian footballer (d. 1949)
- January 27 - Ross Bagdasarian, American musician and actor (d. 1972)
- January 31 - Jackie Robinson, baseball player (d. 1972)
- February 5 - Red Buttons, American actor
- February 5 - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1996)
- February 11 - Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress (d. 1995)
- February 11 - Eddie Robinson, American football coach
- February 12 - Forrest Tucker, American actor (d. 1986)
- February 13 - Tennessee Ernie Ford, American musician (d. 1991)
- February 26 - Rie Mastenbroek, Dutch swimmer (d. 2003)
- March 2 - Jennifer Jones, American actress
- March 15 - Lawrence Tierney, American actor (d. 2002)
- March 17 - Nat King Cole, American singer (d. 1965)
- March 24 - Lawrence Ferlinghetti, American author and publisher
- March 24 - Robert Heilbroner, American economist (d. 2005)
- March 29 - Eileen Heckart, American actress (d. 2001)
- March 30 - McGeorge Bundy, U.S. National Security Advisor (d. 1996)
- April 1 - Joseph Murray, American surgeon, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- April 8 - Ian Douglas Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia
- April 19 - Merce Cunningham, American dancer and choreographer
- April 22 - Donald J. Cram, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)

May-August


- May 1 - Dan O'Herlihy, Irish film actor (d. 2005)
- May 3 - John Cullen Murphy, American comic strip artist (d. 2004)
- May 3 - Pete Seeger, American singer and musician
- May 7 - Eva Peron, wife of Argentine President Juan Peron (d. 1952)
- May 8 - Lex Barker, American actor (d. 1973)
- May 16 - Liberace, American pianist (d. 1987)
- May 18 - Dame Margot Fonteyn, English ballet dancer (d. 1991)
- May 20 - George Gobel, American comedian (d. 1991)
- May 23 - Betty Garrett, American actress and dancer
- June 4 - Robert Merrill, American baritone (d. 2004)
- June 5 - Richard Scarry, American children's author (d. 1994)
- June 19 - Pauline Kael, American film critic (d. 2001)
- June 21 - Gérard Pelletier, French journalist, politician, and diplomat (d. 1997)
- June 26 - Richard Neustadt, American political historian (d. 2003)
- July 6 - Ernst Haefliger, Swiss tenor
- July 7 - Jon Pertwee, British actor (d. 1996)
- July 15 - Iris Murdoch, Irish novelist (d. 1999)
- July 20 - Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer
- July 31 - Maurice Boitel, French painter
- August 11 - Ginette Neveu, French violinist (d. 1949)
- August 28 - Godfrey Hounsfield, English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)

September-December


- September 11 - Ota Sik, Czech economist and politician (d. 2004)
- September 21 - Fazlur Rahman, Pakistani Islamic scholar (d. 1988)
- September 27 - James H. Wilkinson, English mathematician (d. 1986)
- October 3 - James M. Buchanan, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
- October 5 - Donald Pleasence, English actor (d. 1995)
- October 11 - Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990)
- October 12 - Doris Miller, U.S. Navy cook (d. 1943)
- October 16 - Kathleen Winsor, American writer (d. 2003)
- October 18 - Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (d. 2000)
- October 22 - Doris Lessing, British writer
- October 26 - James E. Myers, American songwriter (d. 2001)
- October 26 - Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1980)
- November 3 - Jesús Blasco, Spanish comic book author (d. 1995)
- November 5 - Myron Floren, American accordionist (d. 2005)
- November 10 - Mikhail Kalashnikov, Russian firearms inventor
- November 14 - Lisa Otto, German soprano
- November 15 - Roy Burden, Canadian World War II pilot (d. 2005)
- November 18 - Andrée Borrel, French World War II heroine (d. 1944)
- November 28 - Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (d. 2004)
- December 6 - Paul de Man, Belgian-born literary critic (d. 1983)
- December 8 - Moisei Vainberg, Polish composer (d. 1996)
- December 9 - William Lipscomb, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- December 31 - Tommy Byrne, baseball player

Deaths


- January 6 - Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1858)
- January 6 - Max Heindel, Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (b. 1865)
- January 15 - Karl Liebknecht, German politician (executed) (b. 1871)
- January 15 - Rosa Luxemburg, German politician (executed)
- January 18 - Prince John of the United Kingdom (b. 1905)
- January 27 - Endre Ady, Hungarian poet (b. 1877)
- February 17 - Wilfrid Laurier, seventh Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1841)
- April 4 - Sir William Crookes, English chemist and physicist (b. 1832)
- April 15 - Jane Delano, American nurse and founder or the American Red Cross Nursing Service (b. 1862)
- May 6 - L. Frank Baum, American writer (b. 1856)
- May 14 - Henry John Heinz, American businessman (b. 1844)
- June 29 - José Gregorio Hernández, Venezuelan medician and saint (b. 1864)
- June 30 - John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1842)
- July 15 - Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
- July 26 - Sir Edward Poynter, British painter (b. 1936)
- August 9 - Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (b. 1857)
- August 11 - Andrew Carnegie, Scottish-born businessman and philanthropist (b. 1835)
- October 7 - Alfred Deakin, second Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1856)
- October 13 - Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
- October 18 - Viscount William Astor, American financier and statesman (b. 1848)
- November 15 - Alfred Werner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
- December 3 - Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter (b. 1841)

Nobel Prizes


- Physics - Johannes Stark
- Chemistry - not awarded
- Physiology or Medicine - Jules Bordet
- Literature - Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler Category:1919 ko:1919년 ms:1919 ja:1919年 simple:1919 th:พ.ศ. 2462

Portland Oregon

Portland is the largest city in the U.S. state of Oregon, and county seat of Multnomah County. It is located within the Pacific Northwest, straddling the Willamette River south of its confluence with the Columbia River. Most of Portland lies in Multnomah County, though scattered adjacent parcels fall within Washington and Clackamas counties. As of the 2000 census, Portland had a total population of 529,121. The 2003 estimate of the city's population is 538,544, a growth of 1.7%. Portland is known as "The City of Roses" or "Rose City", nicknames originated during the 1905 Lewis and Clark centennial exposition. Its climate is ideal for growing roses, and the city has many rose gardens. Other nicknames for the city of Portland include "Stumptown", "Bridgetown" (due to its numerous bridges), "Puddletown" (due to the weather), and "River City" (due to its proximity to the Willamette and Columbia Rivers). Modern colloquialisms for the city include "PDX" (after the city's airport code), "P-town", and "Rip City."

History

airport code Portland started as a spot known as "The Clearing", which was on the banks of the Willamette River about halfway between Oregon City and Fort Vancouver. In 1843, William Overton saw great commercial potential for this land; his only problem was that he lacked the quarter needed to file a land claim. So, he struck a bargain with his partner Asa Lovejoy: for 25¢, Overton would share his claim to the 640-acre (2.6 km²) site. Bored with clearing trees and building roads, Overton sold his half of the claim to Francis W. Pettygrove. When it came time to name their new town, Pettygrove and Lovejoy each wanted to name it after his home town. They settled the argument with a coin toss. Pettygrove won, and named it after Portland, Maine; had Lovejoy won, he intended to name it after Boston, Massachusetts. In its early years, Portland existed in the shadow of Oregon City, the territorial capital 12 miles (19 km) upstream on the falls of the Willamette. However, Portland was located at the Willamette's head of navigation, giving it a key advantage over its older peer. It also triumphed over early rivals like Milwaukie and Sellwood. By 1850 Portland had approximately 800 inhabitants, a steam sawmill, a log cabin hotel, and a newspaper, called the Weekly Oregonian. Portland was the major port in the Pacific Northwest for much of the 19th century, until the 1890s when direct railroad access between the deepwater harbor in Seattle and points east by way of Stampede Pass were built. Goods could then be transported from the northwest coast to inland cities without needing to navigate the dangerous bar at the mouth of the Columbia River. Like other west coast ports, Portland was home to frequent acts of shanghaiing. Tunnels under city blocks stretching for blocks from the Willamette River, although built for legitimate business reasons, became known as shanghai tunnels because of their purported use in such kidnappings. Tours of them are now given.

Geography and climate

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 376.5 km² (145.4 mi²). 347.9 km² (134.3 mi²) of it is land and 28.6 km² (11.1 mi²), or 7.6%, is water. The Portland metropolitan area is located within the Willamette Valley, which follows the Willamette River and the I-5 Corridor. The valley consists of suburban municipalities sprawled around patches of farmland farther south. The further north you travel, towards Portland, the thicker the population density becomes. The vast majority of Oregon's population lives in the Willamette Valley. Interstate 5 bisects the valley and a significant number of commuters travel the I-5 Corridor daily. Portland lies on top of an extinct Plio-Pleistocene volcanic field. The Boring Lava Field includes at least 32 cinder cones and small shield volcanoes lying within a radius of 13 miles of Kelly Butte, which is approximately 4 miles east of downtown Portland. Portland's climate is temperate and seasonal. The average rainfall is approximately 35 inches per year. The summer months (June through August) mark the driest period averaging about 1 inch per month, while November through January is the rainy season, with an average about 6 inches per month. Winter low temperatures hover around 35 °F (2 °C), and summer highs rarely surpass 85 °F (29 °C). The lowest temperature ever recorded in Portland was −3 °F (−19 °C), set on February 2 1950.

The city and the region

1950 Portland is often cited as an example of a well-planned city. The credit for this starts with Oregon's proactive land-use policies, particularly the establishment of an urban growth boundary in 1974. The boundary preserved agricultural land in the mold of 19th-century farming techniques. This was atypical in an era when automobile use led many areas to neglect their core cities in favor of development along interstate highways, in suburbs, and satellite cities. Some developers and real estate investors dislike the urban growth boundary, and argue that it has brought not only benefits but the burden of high housing costs. Still, housing costs are lower than most urban areas in California and Washington, and residents enjoy many benefits of a more compact urban area, including efficient public transportation and less traffic than similarly sized cities. The Portland Development Commission also plays a role in keeping the city livable; it was created by city voters in 1958 to serve as the city’s urban renewal agency. It provides housing and economic development programs within the city. The more densely populated parts of the city proper are somewhat asymmetrical, with the west side hemmed in by the West Hills, while the flatter east side stretches on for about 170 blocks, until it meets Gresham. They extend from the beginning of East Portland, at the Willamette River, to the outer fringes of the suburbs of Gresham. Further east lies rural Multnomah County. Downtown Portland and many other parts of inner Portland have compact city blocks and narrow streets. Each block is 200 ft (60 m) square; by comparison, Seattle's city blocks are 240 by 320 feet (70 by 100 m), and Manhattan's east-west streets are divided into blocks that are from 600 to 800 feet (180 to 240 m) long. In addition, most streets are 64 feet (20 m) wide, so the combination of compact blocks and narrow streets make the downtown more pedestrian friendly. The 264 foot (80 m) long combined blocks divide one mile (1.6 km) of road into exactly 20 separate blocks. :See also: Portland metropolitan area

Portland's five "quadrants" (sic)

Portland metropolitan area As a result of a "great renumbering" on September 2, 1931, Portland is divided into five sections: Southwest, Southeast, Northwest, North and Northeast. Burnside Street is the boundary between north and south, and the Willamette River divides the eastern and western sections. North of Burnside Street, the river curves west and in place of it Williams Avenue is used as a divider. Between Williams and the river is the fifth, North, quadrant. Portland also has an unnamed "sixth" quadrant, between the "edge" of Southwest and the river, which has an east bend south of downtown. Instead of having its own name, "negative" numbers preceded by a zero are used, increasing until the river is reached.

Northwest

1931 Northwest includes the Pearl District, a fairly recent name for what originally was an old warehouse area. Since the late 1980s, many of the existing warehouses, some on brownfield sites, have been converted into lofts, and new multistory condominiums have also been developed. The increasing density has attracted a mix of restaurants, brewpubs, shops, and art galleries, though in some cases pioneering tenants have been priced out of the area (see Gentrification). Its galleries sponsor artists' receptions on the first Thursday of every month, spawning similar events on other days elsewhere. Between the Pearl District and the Willamette is Portland's old Chinatown neighborhood. Its entrance is marked by a pair of lions at the corner of NW 4th and Burnside, and includes the district along the Willamette River between Burnside and Union Station. Before World War II, this area also had a Japan Town. Further west is the tiny NW 21st and 23rd Avenue neighborhood and shopping area. When Portland natives say Northwest, they often mean this area, which is also called Uptown, Nob Hill and the Alphabet District. This area has a mix of Victorian-era houses, apartment buildings from throughout the 20th century, and various businesses centered around Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center. The Portland Streetcar connects this area to downtown. Characters from The Simpsons are named from the alphabetical streets in this area—namely Ned Flanders, Reverend Lovejoy and Mayor Quimby Even further northwest lies part of what is known as Portland's West Hills, including the majority of massive Forest Park.

Southwest

Part of the West Hills is in the Southwest quadrant, which includes Washington Park, site of North America's deepest transit station, the Oregon Zoo, Hoyt Arboretum, the International Rose Test Garden, the Japanese Garden, beautiful hiking trails, and the Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The West Hills underwent rapid expansion during the 1960s and 1970s. Southwest also includes:
- The heart of the Portland's Downtown, centered on Pioneer Courthouse Square ("Portland's living room")
- The campuses of Portland State University, Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU), and Lewis & Clark College
- Neighborhoods like Lair Hill, Burlingame, Macadam, Hillsdale, and Multnomah Village, with unique residential houses and well defined commercial and retail districts.
- Various suburban neighborhoods, including Raleigh Hills, West Slope, and Garden Home
- Alpenrose Dairy, the grounds of which host track cycling and Little League sports
- The south Willamette riverfront along Macadam Avenue, over 100 acres (0.4 km²) of former industrial land. This area is undergoing redevelopment as a mixed-use, high-density neighborhood, with an anticipated 2700 residential units and 5,000 high-tech jobs after build-out.
- Portland's Gay District, centered on Stark Street, one block south of W Burnside.

North Portland

North Portland, known as NoPo to some, includes the neighborhoods of St. Johns, Cathedral Park, University Park (and the University of Portland), Overlook, Portsmouth, Kenton, Arbor Lodge, Bridgeton, Hayden Island, Piedmont, Humboldt, Eliot, and Boise [http://www.boisevoice.org/]. During World War II, a planned development named Vanport was constructed to the north of this section between the city limits and the Columbia River. It grew to be the second largest city in Oregon, but was wiped out by a disastrous flood in 1948. Columbia Villa, another wartime housing project in the Portsmouth Neighborhood, is being rebuilt; the new $150 million community will be known as New Columbia and will offer public housing, rental housing, and single family home ownership units. In 2004, a new light rail line opened along Interstate Avenue, which parallels I-5.

Northeast

Northeast contains a diverse collection of neighborhoods. For example, while Irvington and the Alameda Ridge boast some of the oldest and most expensive homes in Portland, nearby Albina is a more working-class neighborhood. Because it is so large, Northeast Portland can essentially be divided ethnically, culturally, and geographically into inner and outer sections. The inner Northeast neighborhoods that surround Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. are predominately African American, resembling typical urban inner-city environments found in most major U.S. cities. Inner Northeast includes several shopping areas, such as the Lloyd District, Alberta Arts District and Hollywood, and part of the affluent Laurelhurst neighborhood and its nearby developments. The city plan targets Lloyd District as another mixed-use area, with high-rise residential development; developers are waiting for the success of a seed project before intensive development occurs. At the base of Northeast is the Rose Quarter. It is named after the Rose Garden Arena, home of the Portland Trail Blazers, and also includes the Blazers' former home, the Memorial Coliseum. The coliseum is the home to Portland's hockey team, the Winterhawks, though they often play at the Rose Garden. The newest Rose Quarter tenants are the Lumberjax, a professional lacrosse team starting play in the winter of 2006. The city still holds the lease to the land, but the buildings were owned by private business interests until they went into receivership. The area is quite active during the teams' home games, and the city hopes to extend the activity by promoting a major increase in residential units in the quarter using zoning and tax incentives.

Southeast

Southeast stretches from the warehouses by the river, through the historic Ladd's Addition, to Hawthorne and Belmont districts. Southeast Portland residents initially tended to the blue-collar but have since evolved into a wide mix of backgrounds; it is home to several thriving subcultures including hippies, pagans, and environmentalists. The Hawthorne district is known for its beyond-the-norm hipster crowd and funky shops. Farther south, the Brooklyn, Sellwood, Woodstock, and Brentwood-Darlington neighborhoods and Eastmoreland near Reed College are close to the Willamette River. The Clackamas Town Center and Mall 205 are the largest retail centers serving the area. Between the 1920s and the 1960s, Southeast was home to Lambert Gardens. Southeast Portland also features Mt. Tabor, a park with one of the only dormant volcanos in a continental U.S. city.

People and culture

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 529,121 people residing in the city, organized into 223,737 households and 118,356 families. The population density is 1,521/km² (3,939.2/mi²). There are 237,307 housing units at an average density of 682.1/km² (1,766.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 77.91% White, 6.64% African American, 1.06% Native American, 6.33% Asian, 0.38% Pacific Islander, 3.55% from other races, and 4.15% from two or more races. 6.81% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. Out of 223,737 households, 24.5% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.1% are married couples living together, 10.8% have a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% are non-families. 34.6% of all households are made up of individuals and 9% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.3 and the average family size is 3. In the city the population is spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 35 years. For every 100 females there are 97.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 95.9 males. The median income for a household in the city is $40,146, and the median income for a family is $50,271. Males have a reported median income of $35,279 versus $29,344 reported for females. The per capita income for the city is $22,643. 13.1% of the population and 8.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 15.7% of those under the age of 18 and 10.4% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line. Oregon has a 9% income tax which tends to suppress accurate reporting. Figures delineating the income levels based on race are not available at this time. Portland is becoming increasingly diverse. Recent trends have more young people moving into the city as older, more established white families with children move to the suburbs. Although the overwhelming majority of the city's population is still White, 60% of people moving to Oregon are minorities. However, though the population of the city is increasing, the total population of children is diminishing, which has put pressure on the public school system to close schools. A recent New York Times story noted that Portland is now educating fewer children than it did in 1925, and the city will have to close the equivalent of three to four elementary schools each year for the next decade. Portland's public school system has remained rather segregated. Three of its high schools (Cleveland, Lincoln and Wilson) are over 80% white, while three other high schools (Jefferson, Madison,and Benson Polytechnic ) are all at least over 70% non-white. The remaining four schools are more ethnically balanced. The imbalance can be explained through Portland's demographic history. Prior to the Second World War, Portland had very few residents of non-European ethnicity. In 1940, Portland's African-American population was approximately 2,000 and largely consisted of railroad employees and their families. During the war-time Liberty Ship construction boom, the need for workers drew many blacks to the city. Due to institutionalized rascism in the real-estate community, this new influx of blacks was guided to specific neighborhoods, such as the Albina district and Vanport. The post-war destruction of Vanport eliminated the only integrated neighborhood, and the ghettoization of blacks into the NE quadrant of the city continued.

Media

The Oregonian is the major daily newspaper in Portland. The Willamette Week is a major alternative weekly publication distributed throughout the metro area. Other local weekly papers in the area include the Portland Tribune (a twice-weekly), The Portland Mercury, the Oregon Herald, and the The Asian Reporter, a weekly newspaper covering both international and local Asian news. Portland Monthly is a monthly news and news and culture magazine. The Business Journal of Portland also covers many business-news-related stories. BarFly Magazine [http://www.barflymag.com] is a popular weekly periodical covering the city's nightlife and bar scene. Portland is well served by television and radio. The metro area is the 23rd largest Designated Market Area (DMA) in the U.S., consisting of 1,086,900 homes and 0.992% of the U.S. market. The major network television affiliates include KOIN 6 (CBS), KATU 2 (ABC), KGW 8 (NBC), KPTV 12 (FOX), KWBP 32 (WB), and KPDX 49 (UPN).

Parks and outdoor attractions

UPN Portland is proud of its parks and its legacy of preserving open spaces. In fact, it has one of the highest parks-per-capita ratios among cities in the United States. Forest Park is the largest wilderness park within city limits in the United States, with over 5,000 acres (20 km²). Portland is also home to Mill Ends Park, the world's smallest park (being a two-foot-diameter circle, its area is only about 0.3 square meters). Washington Park [http://www.parks.ci.portland.or.us/Parks/Washington.htm] is just west of downtown, and is home to the Oregon Zoo, the Portland Japanese Garden, and the International Rose Test Garden. Gov. Tom McCall Waterfront Park runs along west bank of the Willamette for the length of downtown. The 37-acre (150,000 m²) park was built in 1974 after Harbor Drive was removed and now plays host to large events throughout the year. Portland's downtown also features two groups of contiguous city blocks dedicated for park space; they are referred to as the North and South Park Blocks. Portland is also home to Portland Classical Chinese Garden, an authentic representation of a Suzhou-style walled garden. Local construction workers provided the site preparation and foundation, and dozens of workers from Suzhou, using material from China, constructed its walls and other structures, including a tea house. The only state park in the area is Tryon Creek State Park; its creek still has a run of steelhead. Nestled within the park is the Tryon Life Community Farm [http://www.tryonfarm.org/], an aspiring urban ecovillage and educational center. Portlandia, a statue on the west side of the Portland Building, is the second-largest hammered-copper statue in the U.S.

Beer

Portland and certain other Oregon cities (like Hood River and Bend) are well-known for their good beer. It is often said that Portland is the home of the microbrew revolution. Some illustrate Portlanders' interest in the beverage by an offer made in 1888, when local brewer Henry Weinhard volunteered to pump beer from his brewery into the newly dedicated Skidmore Fountain. However, the renown for quality beer dates to the 1980s, when microbreweries and brewpubs began to pop up all over the city. Their growth was supported by the abundance of local ingredients, including two-row barley, over a dozen varieties of hops, and the pure water from Bull Run and other watersheds of nearby Mount Hood. Today, with 33 breweries within the city limits, Portland is home to more craft brewers than any other city in the world. The McMenamin brothers alone have over thirty brewpubs, distilleries and wineries scattered throughout the metropolitan area, many in renovated theaters and other old buildings otherwise destined for demolition. Other notable Portland brewers include Widmer Brothers, Bridgeport Brewing Company and the MacTarnahan's Brewing Company. In 1999, "beerhunter" and author Michael Jackson called Portland a candidate for the beer capital of the world because the city boasted more breweries than Cologne, Germany. Portland hosts a number of festivals throughout the year in celebration of beer. One of them, the Oregon Brewers Festival, is the largest gathering of independent craft brewers in North America.

Sports

Cologne, Germany Portland has one major league, professional sports team, as well as several minor league teams. The Portland Trail Blazers are a basketball team that play in Rose Garden Arena. The Trail Blazers won their only NBA Championship in 1977. The team has several players in the Basketball Hall of Fame, including Dražen Petrović, Bill Walton, Lenny Wilkens, and Clyde Drexler ("The Glide"). The city concidered bidding for the Montreal Expos Major League Baseball team when they needed to relocate, but governmental reasons and the lack of a monetary backer made the city withdraw. The city is also home to the Portland Beavers, a Triple-AAA team for the San Diego Padres; the Portland Winterhawks, an ice hockey team in the Western Hockey League; and the Portland Timbers, of the United Soccer Leagues, a second-tier professional soccer team in the U.S. The Portland Beavers and Portland Timbers play in PGE Park (formerly Civic Stadium), and the Winterhawks play in Rose Garden Arena. The Portland Lumberjax is also a professional lacrosse team, scheduled to begin play in 2006 in the National Lacrosse League. Portland is also an annual circuit on the Champ Car World Series. Skiing is particularly popular with Portlanders. The area is served by a number of resorts located on nearby Mount Hood, including Timberline, which allows skiing year round. The only other resort in North America with summer skiing is Whistler in British Columbia. Local Alpenrose Dairy is host to the yearly Little League Softball World Series.

Infrastructure

Government

The city of Portland is governed by a mayor, four city commissioners and an auditor, who are each elected citywide to serve four-year terms. The city council consists of the mayor (Tom Potter as of 2005) and commissioners. The auditor does not have a vote on the city council or direct city operations, but provides checks and balances in the commission form of government and accountability for the use of public resources. In addition, the auditor gives access to information for all Council members and the public and issues reports on various matters of city government. Portland and its surrounding metropolitan area are also served the Metropolitan Service District, the nation's only directly elected regional government. Metro's charter includes land use and transportation planning, solid waste management, and map development. It also owns and operates the Oregon Convention Center, Oregon Zoo, Portland Center for Performing Arts, and Portland Metropolitan Exposition Center.

Education

The public schools in the city are governed by the Portland Public School District, which consists of about 100 public schools with grades K through 12, as well as 50 special needs sites. The number of students in the school district is approximately 53,000. Portland's Lincoln High School is notable as it is the oldest public high school west of the Mississippi River, built in 1869. The school also boasts several famous alumni, including Singer-songwriter Elliott Smith, Matt Groening (creator of The Simpsons) and astronaut S. David Griggs. Another notable school is Benson Polytechnic High founded by Simon Benson. It claims to be "The Nation's Finest Professional/Technical School". Outlying areas of Portland retained their own school districts after those regions were annexed by the City of Portland. Parkrose School District covers most of northeastern Portland beyond the I-205. Centennial and David Douglas districts serve far southeast neighborhoods, including Rockwood and Powellhurst. Parts of Portland neighborhoods in the West Hills belong to the Beaverton School District. Riverdale School District also serves the metropolitan area. The region also has several private schools, including Catlin Gabel School, Central Catholic High School [http://www.centralcatholichigh.org/], Jesuit High School, The Northwest Academy, Oregon Episcopal School, and St. Mary's Academy [http://www.stmaryspdx.org/]. There are also several colleges and universities in the area. One of the major public institutions in the city is Portland State University, with an enrollment of approximately 24,000 (graduate & undergraduate). Private colleges include the University of Portland, Pacific University, Concordia University, Marylhurst University, Lewis & Clark College, George Fox University, Linfield College, Reed College, Cascade College, Capstone College, and Warner Pacific College. Oregon Health & Science University is the major medical school in the area. Other schools concentrating on various areas of the medical sciences include the Oregon College of Oriental Medicine, the National College of Naturopathic Medicine, and Western States Chiropractic College. Art schools in Portland include the Art Institute of Portland and Pacific Northwest College of Art. The Concorde Career Institute and Multnomah Bible College are also located in the city, as well as the Oregon National Primate Research Center, a major research center involving the study of primates. The Portland area has three community college districts. The Portland Community College district has three campuses in the city—Cascade, Rock Creek, and Sylvania—as well as the Southeast Center and Metropolitan Workforce Training Center. The Mount Hood Community College district is east of I-205 in Gresham. The Clackamas Community College district serves the south end of the metropolitan area and Southeast Portland from it's campus in Oregon City. Clark College (in Vancouver, Washington) is also located in the area.

Transportation

Clark College The Portland metropolitan area has the typical transportation services common to major U.S. cities, though Oregon's emphasis on proactive land-use planning and transit-oriented development within the urban growth boundary means that commuters have multiple well-developed options. In fact, Portland is well-known for its comprehensive public transportation system. TriMet operates most of the region's buses and the Me