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Johnson City, Tennessee

Johnson City, Tennessee

Johnson City is a city located primarily in Washington County, Tennessee; however a small part of the city is located within Carter County, Tennessee. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 55,469. Johnson City is the home of East Tennessee State University, which is a public school with an enrollment of over 12,000 students. The university features the James H. Quillen College of Medicine, which is nationally known as a top-quality medical school for primary care physicians. Not surprisingly given the medical college's importance in the area, Johnson City is also known for its large medical community. In 2005, a new College of Pharmacy was approved at ETSU by the State of Tennessee.

History

Founded in 1856 by Henry Johnson as a railroad station called "Johnson's Depot," Johnson City became a major railway center for the southeast, as three railway lines crossed in the downtown area. Johnson City served as headquarters for the legendary ET&WNC (Tweetsie) Railroad (narrow gauge) built in the 1880s and the Carolina, Clinchfield, and Ohio Railway. Both rail systems featured excursion trips through scenic portions of the Blue Ridge Mountains and were engineering marvels of railway construction. During the Civil War, before it was formally incorporated in 1869, the name of the town was briefly changed to Haynesville in honor of Confederate Senator Landon Carter Haynes. Henry Johnson's name was quickly restored following the war, with Johnson elected as the city's first Mayor on January 3, 1870. The town grew rapidly from 1870 until 1890 as railroad and mining interests flourished. However, the national depression of 1893, which caused many railway failures and a resulting financial panic, halted Johnson City's boom town momentum in its tracks. In 1901, the Mountain Branch of the National Soldiers Home (now the Veterans Affairs Medical Center) was created by an Act of the US Congress introduced by Walter P. Brownlow. Construction on this 450 acre campus, designed to serve disabled Civil War veterans, was completed in 1903 at a cost of $3 million. Prior to building of this facility, the assessed value of the entire town was listed at $750,000. The East Tennessee State Normal School was authorized in 1911 and the new college campus located directly across from the National Soldiers Home. Johnson City again entered a rapid growth phase becoming the fifth largest city in Tennessee by 1930. During the 1920s, Johnson City's ties to Appalachian Mountain bootlegging activity gave the city the nickname of "Little Chicago." Stories persist that the town was the southern headquarters for Al Capone who was a part-time resident of Montrose Court, a luxury apartment complex now listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Capone had a well organized distribution network for alcohol smuggling that shipped his products from the mountain distillers to northern cities. An annual "Little Chicago Blues Festival" is held commemorating the legends surrounding the Prohibition-era speakeasies and railroad glory days of Johnson City. The city is featured in a song and video by Travis Tritt called "Modern Day Bonnie and Clyde." The city is also considered the hometown of football coaching legend Steve Spurrier.

Geography

Steve Spurrier Johnson City is located at 36°20'7" North, 82°22'22" West (36.335399, -82.372760). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 102.5 km² (39.6 mi²). 101.7 km² (39.3 mi²) of it is land and 0.8 km² (0.3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.78% water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 55,469 people, 23,720 households, and 14,018 families residing in the city. The population density is 545.4/km² (1,412.4/mi²). There are 25,730 housing units at an average density of 253.0/km² (655.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 90.09% White, 6.40% African American, 0.26% Native American, 1.22% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.69% from other races, and 1.32% from two or more races. 1.89% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 23,720 households out of which 25.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% are married couples living together, 11.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% are non-families. 33.9% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.20 and the average family size is 2.82. In the city the population is spread out with 19.8% under the age of 18, 13.7% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 91.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 88.0 males. The median income for a household in the city is $30,835, and the median income for a family is $40,977. Males have a median income of $31,326 versus $22,150 for females. The per capita income for the city is $20,364. 15.9% of the population and 11.4% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 18.9% of those under the age of 18 and 12.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

See Also:


- East Tennessee State University
- Washington County, Tennessee
- Tri-Cities, Tennessee
- Jonesborough, Tennessee (county seat of Washington County)
- Johnson City Cardinals, Appalachian League baseball

External links

[http://www.johnsoncitytn.com/ City of Johnson City, TN] [http://www.johnsonsdepot.com/ Johnson's Depot: The History of Johnson City, TN] [http://www.jcedb.org/ Johnson City Economic Development Board] Category:Cities in Tennessee Category:Washington County, Tennessee Category:Carter County, Tennessee

Washington County, Tennessee

Washington County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. As of 2000, the population is 107,198. Its county seat is Jonesborough6.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 854 km² (330 mi²). 845 km² (326 mi²) of it is land and 9 km² (3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.06% water.

Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 107,198 people, 44,195 households, and 29,478 families residing in the county. The population density is 127/km² (328/mi²). There are 47,779 housing units at an average density of 57/km² (146/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 93.72% White, 3.82% Black or African American, 0.24% Native American, 0.73% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.51% from other races, and 0.97% from two or more races. 1.38% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 44,195 households out of which 28.20% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.60% are married couples living together, 10.50% have a female householder with no husband present, and 33.30% are non-families. 27.80% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.70% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.33 and the average family size is 2.85. In the county, the population is spread out with 21.30% under the age of 18, 10.80% from 18 to 24, 30.00% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 13.90% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 94.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.70 males. The median income for a household in the county is $33,116, and the median income for a family is $41,162. Males have a median income of $30,874 versus $21,485 for females. The per capita income for the county is $19,085. 13.90% of the population and 10.20% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 16.80% of those under the age of 18 and 14.20% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

History

The Johnson City-Jonesborough-Washington County Tennessee region has a colorful and fascinating history. The county was established in 1777 as Washington County, North Carolina and was named in honor of General George Washington while the Revolutionary War was underway. At that time, "Washington County" included the geographic area that later became the entire State of Tennessee. The County also was part of the "State of Franklin" from 1784 through 1788 (an attempt to create the fourteenth state) prior to Tennessee becoming a state in 1796. Jonesborough, Tennessee's oldest Town, has been carefully restored as one of the nation's most authentic historic districts from the period 1790 - 1870. Johnson City, originally known as Johnson's Depot, was a major railway center for the southeastern states and was the headquarters for the Carolina, Clinchfield, and Ohio (Clinchfield) and East Tennessee and Western North Carolina (Tweetsie) Railroads. Signficant restoration efforts are underway to recognize the railroad heritage of the Johnson's Depot Historic District and to restore historic properties to reflect Johnson City's late nineteenth and early twentieth century era as a railway center.

External links

[http://www.johnsonsdepot.com/ Johnson's Depot: The History of Johnson City, TN] [http://www.jcedb.org/ Johnson City Economic Development Board] [http://www.jcedb.org/history/jonesb/index.php/ Town of Jonesborough Links]

Cities and towns


- Gray
- Johnson City
- Jonesborough
- Midway
- Oak Grove Category:Tennessee counties ja:ワシントン郡 (テネシー州)

Carter County, Tennessee

Carter County is a county located in the state of Tennessee. As of 2000, the population is 56,742. Its county seat is Elizabethton6.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 900 km² (348 mi²). 883 km² (341 mi²) of it is land and 17 km² (7 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 1.89% water.

Demographics

As of the census2 of 2000, there are 56,742 people, 23,486 households, and 16,346 families residing in the county. The population density is 64/km² (166/mi²). There are 25,920 housing units at an average density of 29/km² (76/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 97.49% White, 1.00% Black or African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.26% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.27% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races. 0.89% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 23,486 households out of which 28.50% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.90% are married couples living together, 11.00% have a female householder with no husband present, and 30.40% are non-families. 26.50% of all households are made up of individuals and 11.00% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.35 and the average family size is 2.83. In the county, the population is spread out with 21.40% under the age of 18, 9.20% from 18 to 24, 29.00% from 25 to 44, 25.40% from 45 to 64, and 15.00% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 38 years. For every 100 females there are 94.50 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 91.60 males. The median income for a household in the county is $27,371, and the median income for a family is $33,825. Males have a median income of $26,394 versus $19,687 for females. The per capita income for the county is $14,678. 16.90% of the population and 12.80% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 23.00% of those under the age of 18 and 16.00% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Early History

Carter County was the first permanent settlement outside the original 13 colonies. The site of the first majority-rule system of American democracy, known as the Watauga Petition, it is named in honor of Landon Carter, son of John Carter, Chairman of the Court as defined by the articles of the Petition. The county seat, Elizabethton, is named for Landon's wife, Elizabeth MacLin Carter.

Cities and towns


- Central
- Elizabethton
- Hunter
- Johnson City
- Pine Crest
- Roan Mountain
- Watauga Category:Tennessee counties

References

[http://http://www.elizabethton.org/about/history.html] [http://http://www.elizabethton.org/about/h_people.html#john_carter]

2000

This article is about the year 2000. For other uses of 2000, see 2000 (number) or 2000 (breakdancing move). 2000 (MM) is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. Popular culture also holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium. By strict interpretation of the Gregorian Calendar, however, this distinction falls to the year 2001. This is due to the fact that the first century began with the year 1, and there does not exist a year zero. The first century (or first 100 years AD) was from January 1, in the year one (1 AD) through December 31, in the year one-hundred (100 AD). The second century began on January 1, in the year one-hundred and one (101 AD). The year 2000 is also marked as:
- The International Year for a Culture of Peace.
- The World Mathematical Year. See also Wikipedia's almanac of events for this year.

Events

January


- January 1 - Millennium celebrations take place throughout the world. Y2K passes without the serious, widespread computer failures and malfunctions that had been predicted.
- January 5-January 8 - The 2000 al-Qaida Summit
- January 6 - The last remaining Pyrenean Ibex is found dead.
- January 10 - America On-line announces an agreement to buy Time Warner for $162 billion. This is the largest-ever corporate merger.
- January 11 - the armed wing of Islamic Salvation Front concludes its negotiations with the government for an amnesty and disbands in Algeria.
- January 11 - The trawler Solway Harvester sinks off the Isle of Man.
- January 14 - A United Nations tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats up to 25 years for the 1993 killing of over 100 Bosnian Muslims in a Bosnian village.
- January 16 - In Sacramento, California a commercial truck carrying evaporated milk is driven into the state capitol building killing the driver.
- January 24 - God's Army, Karen militia group led by twins Johnny and Luther Htoo, take 700 hostages at a Thai hospital near the Burmese border.
- January 30 - St. Louis Rams 23 defeat the Tennessee Titans 16 to win the Super_Bowl_XXXIV
- January 30 - Off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169. Within a day, Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crashes off the California coast into the Pacific Ocean, killing 88.
- January 31 - Dr. Harold Shipman in sentenced to life in prison for murder of at least 15 of his patients out of 365 suspected victims.

February


- February 4 - German extortionist Klaus-Peter Sabotta is jailed for life for attempted murder and extortion in connection with sabotage of German railway lines.
- February 6 - Tarja Halonen is elected the first Finnish female president.
- February 13 - Final original Peanuts comic strip is published.
- February 14 - The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker entered orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.

March


- March 1 - The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
- March 2 - Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
- March 8 - Tokyo train disaster.
- March 9 - FBI arrests suspected purveyor of art forgeries, Ely Sakhai, in New York City.
- March 10 - The NASDAQ Composite Index reaches an all-time high of 5048. ([http://dynamic.nasdaq.com/dynamic/IndexChart.asp?symbol=IXIC&desc=NASDAQ+Composite&sec=nasdaq&site=nasdaq&months=84])
- March 18 - 2000 Taiwanese presidential election: Chen Shui-bian is elected President of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
- March 20 - Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther, is captured after gun battle that left a sheriff's deputy dead.
- March 21 - Pope John Paul II began the first office visit by a Roman Catholic pontiff to Israel.
- March 21 - US Supreme Court ruled the goverment lacked authority to regulate tobacco as an addictive drug, throwing out the Clinton administration's main anti-smoking initiative.
- March 26 - Presidential elections in Russia: Vladimir Putin elected President.
- March 30 - America's Cup 2000 retained by Team New Zealand near Auckland. Prada Challenge 2000 lost 0-5 in a "best-of-9".

April

April.]]
- April 1 - Japanese prime minister Keizo Obuchi suffers a stroke and falls into a coma.
- April 3 - United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.
- April 5 - Yoshiro Mori replaces Obuchi as prime minister of Japan.
- April 7 - Attack submarine ex-Trepang completes being recycled.
- April 16 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, Raja of Perlis dies after a reign of 55 years. He was the longest reigning monarch in the world since the death of Prince Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein.
- April 17 - Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin becomes Raja of Perlis.
- April 22 - In a predawn raid, federal agents seize six-year old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida and fly him to his Cuban father in Washington, DC ending one of the most publicized custody battles in US history.
- April 25 - The State of Vermont passes HB847, legalizing Civil Unions for same-sex couples.

May


- May 3 - A rare conjunction occurs on the New Moon including all seven of the traditional celestial bodies known from ancient times up until 1781 with the discovery of Uranus. The May 2000 conjunction consisted of: the Sun and Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
- May 3 - Computer pioneer Datapoint Corporation files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
- May 12 - The Tate Modern opens in London.
- May 13 - In Enschede a heavy fireworks explosion kills 20 and leaves an entire neighborhood in ruins.
- May 18 - Boo.com collapses due to lack of funds after six months.
- May 25 - Israel withdraws IDF troops from southern Lebanon after 22 years.
- May 28 - The volcano Mount Cameroon erupts.

June


- June 1 - Mark Mendlan, professional wrestler known by his ring name "Kid Gorgeous," is killed while wrestling at a show in New Hampshire.
- June 7 - U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson of the 4th circuit ordered the breakup of Microsoft Corp.
- June 10 - The New Jersey Devils defeat the Dallas Stars 4 games to 2 to win the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals.
- June 10 - The 2000 European Football Championship begins, hosted jointly by Belgium and the Netherlands.
- June 21 - Section 28, a law preventing the promotion of homosexuality is repealed by the Scottish Parliament.
- June 23 - Palace Backpackers Hostel fire in Childers, Queensland, Australia, kills 15 people.
- June 30 - During a set of the band Pearl Jam at the Roskilde Festival near Copenhagen, 9 die and 26 are injured in the crowd.

July

July
- July 2 - France beat Italy 2-1 to win the 2000 European Football Championship with a golden goal.
- July 2 - Presidential election of Mexico. Vicente Fox wins the Presidency as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party).
- July 10 - In southern Nigeria, a leaking petroleum pipeline explodes killing about 250 villagers who were scavenging gasoline
- July 10 - Death of Denis O Conor Donn, died 10th July 2000, aged 88; succeded by his son, Desmond as The O Connor Donn
- July 18 - Alex Salmond resigns as the leader of the Scottish National Party
- July 25 - A Concorde carrying Air France Flight 4590 crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 5 on the ground.

August


- August 1 - The Santa Cruz Operation announced that it will sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as UnixWare and OpenServer technologies, to Caldera Systems,Inc.
- August 8 - Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor.
- August 12 - The Russian submarine Kursk sinks in the Barents Sea, resulting in the deaths of all 118 men on board.
- August 14 - The first comic of Megatokyo goes online. This webcomic will later become one of the most popular comics on the web (in terms of page views) and spawn numerous imitators.
- August 25 - the Emulex hoax - wire services publish fraudulent bad news about Emulex
- August 27 - The Ostankino Tower in Moscow catches fire, three people are killed.

September


- September 5 - Tuvalu joins the United Nations.
- September 6 - In New York City, the United Nations Millennium Summit begins with more than 180 world leaders present.
- September 6 - The last wholly Swedish-owned arms manufacturer, Bofors, is sold to American arms manufacturer United Defense
- September 7–14 - The UK fuel protests take place, with refineries blockaded, and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.
- September 8 - Albania officially joins the World Trade Organization.
- September 15 - The 2000 Summer Olympics are opened in Sydney, Australia.
- September 16 - Ukrainian journalist Georgiy Gongadze is last seen alive; this day is taken as the commemoration date of his death.
- September 24 - The American Family Association begins lobbying the U.S. Congress to eradicate the National Endowment for the Arts for funding the controversial book One of the Guys by Robert Clark Young
- September 26 - Anti-globalization protests in Prague (some 15,000 protesters) turned violent during the IMF and World Bank summits.
- September 28 - Ariel Sharon leads several hundred armed Israelis in a visit to the Temple Mount. Palestinian civil disorder increases into the Al-Aqsa Intifada.
- September 29 - The Long Kesh prison in Northern Ireland is closed.

October


- October 2 NBC Today Show expanded it to three hours (7:00–10:00 A.M. Eastern Time/Pacific Time; 6:00–9:00 A.M. Central Time/Mountain Time)
- October 5 - President Slobodan Milošević leaves office after widespread demonstrations throughout Serbia and the withdrawal of Russian support.
- October 11 - 250 million gallons of coal sludge spill in Martin County, Kentucky. Considered a greater environmental disaster than the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
- October 12 - In Aden, Yemen, the USS Cole is badly damaged by two suicide bombers who placed a small boat laden with explosives along-side the United States Navy destroyer, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.
- October 21 15 Arab leaders convened in Cairo, Egypt, for their first summit in four years; the Libyan delegation walked out, angry over signs the summit would stop short of calling for breaking ties with Israel.
- October 22 – Mainichi Shinbun exposes Japanese archeologist Shinichi Fujimura as a fraud; Japanese archaeologists had based their treatises of his findings.
- October 26 - Pakistani authorities announce that their police have found an apparently ancient mummy of a persian princess in the province of Baluchistan. Iran, Pakistan and the Taliban all claim the mummy until Pakistan announces it is a forgery in April 17 2001
- October 31 - Singapore Airlines Flight 006 collides with construction equipment in the Chiang Kai Shek International Airport - 83 dead.
- October 31 - The last Jeremy clone has shut down.

November

November
- November - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq rejects new U.N. Security Council weapons inspections proposals
- November 1 - Yugoslavia's new democratic government joined the United Nations after eight years of U.N. ostracism under former strongman Slobodan Milosevic.
- November 3 - Widespread flooding throughout England and Wales after days of heavy rain
- November 4 - President Clinton vetoed a bill that would have criminalized the leaking of government secrets.
- November 7 - U.S. presidential election, 2000: Republican challenger George W. Bush defeats Democrat Vice President Al Gore, but the final outcome is not known for over a month because of disputed votes in Florida.
- November 7 - Criminal gang raids the Millennium Dome to steal The Millennium Star diamond but police surveillance catches them in the act
- November 7 - Hillary Rodham Clinton is elected to the United States Senate, becoming the first First Lady of the United States to win public office
- November 11 - Kaprun disaster, Austria, where 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.
- November 13 - Richard C. Duncan presents his paper, "The Peak Of World Oil Production And The Road To The Olduvai Gorge", on the Olduvai theory (about the collapse of the industrial civilization), at the Summit 2000 Pardee Keynote Symposia of the Geological Society of America)
- November 14 - Netscape version 6.0 is launched following two years of open source development creating a stable Mozilla web browser upon which it is based
- November 16 - Bill Clinton becomes the first sitting US President to visit Vietnam
- November 17 - Catastrophical landslide in Log pod Mangartom,Slovenia, kills 7, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophies in Slovenia in the past 100 years.
- November 17 - Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru
- November 27 - Canada - Parliamentary elections - Jean Chrétien re-elected as Prime Minister as Liberal Party increases majority in House of Commons
- November 28 - Ukrainian politician Oleksander Moroz touches off the Cassette Scandal by publicly accusing President Leonid Kuchma of involvement in the murder of journalist Georgiy Gongadze.

December


- December 1 - Mexico - Vicente Fox becomes the first opposition President to take office since Francisco I. Madero in 1911. He wins the Presidency as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party).
- December 28 - U.S. retail giant Montgomery Ward announces it is going out of business after 128 years.
- December 30 - Rizal Day Bombings: A series of bombs explode in various places in Metro Manila, Philippines, within a span of a few hours killing 22 and injuring about a hundred.

Unknown Date


- Limited reintroduction of routinely armed police in the UK for the first time since 1936.
- Scientists at University of Szeged's laboratory were first in the world to produce artificial heredity material.
- Millie I. Webb elected president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.

Births


- February 23 - Max & Sam Christy, American actors
- March 15- Amy and Emily Walton, English actresses
- April 25 - Jacob & Joshua Rips, American actors
- October 6 - Amanda Pace, American actress
- October 20 - Cooper and Oliver Guynes, American actors
- November 8 - Madison and Marissa Poer, actresses

Deaths

January


- January 2 - Patrick O'Brian, English writer (b. 1914)
- January 15 - Fran Ryan, American actress (b. 1916)
- January 19 - Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1934)
- January 19 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (b. 1913)

February


- February 9 - Beau Jack, American boxer (b. 1921)
- February 11 - Roger Vadim, French film director (b. 1928)
- February 12 - Jalacy "Screamin' Jay" Hawkins, American musician (b. 1929)
- February 12 - Tom Landry, American football coach (b. 1924)
- February 12 - Charles M. Schulz, American comic strip artist (b. 1921)
- February 23 - Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (b. 1915)

April


- April 6 - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (b. 1903)
- April 16 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, King of Malaysia (b. 1920)
- April 25 - David Merrick, American stage producer (b. 1911)
- April 29 - Phạm Văn Ðồng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1906)

May


- May 11 - Paula Wessely, Austrian actress (b. 1907)
- May 12 - Adam Petty, American race car driver (b. 1980)
- May 14 - Keizo Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1937)
- May 17 - Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1909)
- May 19 - Yevgeny Khrunov, cosmonaut

James H. Quillen

James Henry "Jimmy" Quillen (January 11, 1916–November 2, 2003) was a Republican U.S. Representative from Tennessee from 1963 to 1997. Quillen was born in Scott County, Virginia, near the Tennessee line. He graduated from Dobyns-Bennett High School in Kingsport, Tennessee in 1934. He became a newspaper publisher in 1936; in World War II he served in the United States Navy from 1942 to 1946. Becoming a bank executive, Quillen also was elected to the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1954 as a Republican, serving four terms in that body. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1956, 1964, and 1968. In 1961, B. Carroll Reece, who had represented Tennessee's 1st Congressional District for all but six of the last 40 years, died in office. His wife, Louise, took over as a caretaker until the next election. Quillen decided not to run for a fifth term in the state house in 1962, instead seeking the Republican nomination for the Tri Cities-based 1st District. This area of the state, like most of East Tennessee, has been heavily Republican since shortly before the Civil War--in fact, Republicans had held the seat for all but two years since 1861. Under these circumstances, Quillen's election in the fall was a foregone conclusion. He was reelected 16 more times without anything resembling serious opposition. He faced no major-party opposition in 1966 and 1980, and was unopposed in 1984 and 1990. He eventually became de facto leader of the Republican Party in East Tennessee and thus a power broker in Tennessee Republican politics. While serving as governor of Tennessee, fellow Republican Winfield Dunn incurred Quillen's wrath by opposing Quillen's long-term dream of the establishment of a medical school at East Tennessee State University. Dunn claimed that Tennessee lacked the resources to adequately staff and fund two first-rate medical schools and that more resources should instead be devoted to the existing medical school in Memphis, which was approximately 500 miles from Quillen's district. (The medical school was subsequently built anyway and is known as the James Quillen College of Medicine.) Quillen never forgave Dunn, and it came back to haunt Dunn when he ran for governor again in 1986. Dunn won the nomination even though Quillen made it known in East Tennessee Republican circles that Dunn was not to be supported. However, without significant support in East Tennessee, Dunn stood almost no chance against Democratic Tennessee House Speaker Ned McWherter. Only a large turnout in his former Memphis base kept the margin of defeat to 8.5 points. Quillen amassed a large campaign fund due to having received many large individual and PAC contributions, but never really needed to use it. Many observers expected him to retire before it became illegal to convert such funds to personal use by merely declaring them as income and paying the income tax then due; he did not do so and continued to serve. Quillen did decide to retire prior to the 1996 election and was succeeded by Circuit Court Judge Bill Jenkins, a fellow Republican. He had the longest unbroken tenure in the House in Tennessee history. Only Reece had been elected to more terms in the House (18 to Quillen's 17), and only Kenneth McKellar had served in both chambers longer. Quillen died on November 2, 2003 and was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery in Kingsport. His funeral was one of the largest in the state's history, attended by dignitaries from both parties across the state. Quillen, Jimmy Quillen, Jimmy Quillen, Jimmy

1856

1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar).

Events


- January 8 - Borax is discovered (John Veatch).
- January 29 - Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross
- February,1856 - The only month in recorded history to not have a full moon.
- February 18 - The American Party (Know-Nothings) convene in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to nominate their first Presidential candidate, former President Millard Fillmore.
- March 5 – Fire destroys Covent Garden Theatre
- March 9 - National Fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon is founded at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, AL.
- March 20 - Costa Rican troops rout Walker's soldiers
- March 30 - The Treaty of Paris (1856) is signed, ending the Crimean War
- April 7 - Foundation of Nelson College, Nelson, New Zealand
- April 10 - Theta Chi Fraternity founded at Norwich University
- May 16 - the Vigilance Committee founded in San Francisco, California. It lynches two gangsters, arrests most Democratic Party officials and disbands itself in August 18
- May 21 - Lawrence, Kansas is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces.
- May 22 - Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina beats Senator Charles Sumner with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made attacking Southerners who sympathized with the pro-slavery violence in Kansas ("Bleeding Kansas"). Sumner was unable to return to duty for three years while he recovered. Brooks became a hero across the South.
- May 24 - The Pottawatomie Massacre - group of followers of radical abolitionist John Brown kill five homesteaders in Franklin County, Kansas
- June 9 - 500 Mormons leave Iowa City, Iowa and head west for Salt Lake City, Utah carrying all their possessions in two-wheeled handcarts.
- July 31 - Christchurch, New Zealand chartered as a city.
- August 10 – A hurricane destroys Last Island, Louisiana - 400 dead. The whole island was broken up into several smaller islands by the storm.
- November 4 - U.S. presidential election, 1856: Democrat James Buchanan defeats former President Millard Fillmore, representing a coalition of "Know-Nothings" and Whigs, and John C. Frémont of the fledgling Republican Party to become the 15th President of the United States.
- November 17 - American Old West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase.
- December 9 - Bushehr surrenders to the British.
- British Country and Borough Police Act extends London police model to all of England and Wales
- Western Union founded
- Kate Warner, the first female private detective, begins to work for the Pinkerton Detective Agency
- Pre-human remains found in the Neanderthal valley in Germany
- Gregor Mendel starts his research on genetics.
- National Portrait Gallery in London opened.
- Sale of Land starts suburb of Ashgrove, Queensland.
- The first session concludes at Saint Paul's School, the prestigious New England Prep School in Concord, NH.

Births


- January 11 - Christian Sinding, Norwegian composer (d. 1941)
- January 12 - John Singer Sargent, American-born artist (d. 1925)
- February 2 - Frederick William Vanderbilt, American railway magnate (d. 1938)
- February 14 - Frank Harris, Irish author and editor (d. 1931)
- March 8 - Tom Roberts, Australian artist (d. 1931)
- March 9 - Eddie Foy, American singer, dancer, and vaudeville performer (d. 1928)
- March 20 - Frederick Winslow Taylor, American inventor and efficiency expert (d. 1915)
- April 5 - Booker T. Washington, African-American educator (d. 1915)
- April 12 - William Martin Conway, British art critic and mountaineer (d. 1937)
- April 24 - Henri Philippe Pétain, French soldier and statesman (d. 1951)
- May 6 - Sigmund Freud, Austrian psychiatrist (d. 1939)
- May 6 - Robert Peary, American Arctic explorer (d. 1920)
- May 15 - L. Frank Baum, American author (d. 1919)
- June 14 - Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician (d. 1922)
- July 2 - Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Indian political activist (d. 1920)
- July 10 - Nikola Tesla, Serbian inventor (d. 1943)
- July 26 - George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1950)
- August 13 - Alfred Deakin, second Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1919)
- September 18 - Wilhelm von Gloeden, German photographer (d. 1931)
- November 22 - Heber J. Grant, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1945)
- November 24 - Bat Masterson, American lawman (d. 1921)
- December 13 - Svetozar Boroević, Austrian field marshal (d. 1920)
- December 18 - J.J. Thomson, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
- December 22 - Frank B. Kellogg, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1937)
- December 25 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (d. 1913)
- December 25 - Sir Samuel William Knaggs, British civil servant in the West Indies (d. 1924)
- December 28 - Woodrow Wilson, 28th President of the United States, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1924)

Deaths


- January 16 - Thaddeus William Harris, American naturalist (b. 1795)
- February 17 - Heinrich Heine, German writer (b. 1797)
- May 3 - Adolphe Charles Adam, French composer (b. 1803)
- July 9 - Amedeo Avogadro, Italian chemist (b. 1776)
- July 29 - Robert Schumann , German pianist
- August 30 - Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English writer (b. 1811) Category:1856 ko:1856년 ms:1856 simple:1856 th:พ.ศ. 2399

Henry Johnson

Henry Johnson (1897-1929) was an American soldier, and recipient of the Purple Heart and Distinguished Service Cross. Henry Lincoln Johnson was born in the south and moved to Albany, New York when he was in his early teens. He worked as a redcap porter at the Albany Union Station on Broadway. Johnson enlisted in the Army in 1917, joining the all-black New York National Guard unit, the 369th Infantry Regiment, based in Harlem. Assigned to the French command in World War I, Johnson arrived in France on New Year’s Day, 1918. While on guard duty on May 14, 1918, then Private Johnson came under attack by a German raider party. Johnson displayed uncommon heroism when, using his rifle and a bolo knife, he repelled the Germans, thereby rescuing a comrade from capture and saving the lives of his fellow soldiers. Sgt. Henry Johnson was the first American soldier in World War I to receive the Croix de Guerre with star and palm from the French government. Johnson died at age 32, penniless in New York City, estranged from his wife and family and without ever receiving official recognition from his own government. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Interest in obtaining fitting recognition for Johnson grew during the 70’s and 80’s. In November 1991 a monument was erected in Washington Park in his honor, and a section of Northern Boulevard was renamed Henry Johnson Boulevard. In June 1996, Johnson was posthumously awarded the Purple Heart. In February of 2003, the Distinguished Service Cross, the Army’s second highest award, was presented to Herman Johnson on behalf of his father. In December 2004 the Postal facility at 747 Broadway was renamed the “United States Postal Service Henry Johnson Annex.” Work continues to win the Congressional Medal of Honor for Sgt. Henry Johnson. Johnson, Henry Johnson, Henry Category:Black history in the U.S. military Category:African-American history Johnson, Henry

Clinchfield Railroad

The Clinchfield Railroad was an operating and holding company for the Carolina, Clinchfield and Ohio Railway . The line ran from the coalfields of Virginia and Elkhorn City, Kentucky to the textile mills of South Carolina. The 35-mile segment from Dante, Va. to Elkhorn City, KY, opening up the coal lands north of Sandy Ridge Mountains and forming a connection with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad at Elkhorn City, was completed in 1915. The Clinchfield was the last Class I railroad built in the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains. The 266-mile railroad provided access to numerous scenic wonders and is probably best-known for being the railroad whose tracks transversed the Virginia Natural Tunnel. The Clinchfield Railroad began operating the line December 1, 1924, and for many years it was leased jointly by the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad and Louisville and Nashville Railroad. When the L&N merged with the ACL's successor, the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad, on December 29, 1982, forming the Seaboard System Railroad, the separate operating company was unnecessary and was dissolved. The line is now owned and operated by CSX Transportation.

History

In 1886, Ex-Union General John H. Wilder received a charter for Charleston, Cincinnati and Chicago Railroad, commonly referred to as the "3-C" Railroad. This was the beginning of the modern Clinchfield. The promoters of this ambitious project proposed a 625-mile line from Ironton, Ohio to Charleston, S.C., with an extension down the Ohio River to Cincinnati. It would serve the rich agricultural lands of the Piedmont, the summer resorts of the North Carolina mountains, the rich timber and mineral deposits and coal fields of Virginia and Kentucky, with terminals on both the Ohio River and the Atlantic Seacoast. The estimated cost was $21 million. Johnson City, Tennessee was established as the headquarters for the 3-C railroad and that city became a railway boom town. Construction progressed from Johnson City to both the north and south. Tracks reached Erwin, Tennessee in 1890. The roadway grading was 90 percent complete from Johnson City to Dante, VA in 1893, when the 3-C began to experience financial problems and then failed in the national depression of that year. In July 1893, the assets of the 3-C railroad were sold at a foreclosure for $550,000. The new owners renamed it the "Ohio River and Charlston Railroad." The construction continued in a halfhearted manner and in 1897 owners began to sell off the railroad in segments. At this time an enterprising enterpreneur, George L. Carter, enters the picture. He was involved in developing the coal lands of Southwestern Virginia and needed a railroad to get his coal to a south Atlantic seaport. In 1902, he purchased the Ohio River and Charlston railroad, reorganized it as the Clinchfield Railroad and set up a gigantic construction program to get it completed. Between 1905 and 1909 the road was completed from Dante, Virginia, to Spartanburg, South Carolina. Carter was successful in getting adequate financing for the construction and built the railroad to construction standards far beyond the norms of the times. Consequently, Clinchfield has not had to reduce grades, lighten curves, straighten bridges, and enlarge tunnels to handle heavier and larger equipment as other railroads have had to do. Carter originally established the Clinchfield headquarters in Johnson City, Tennessee but later moved the headquarters to Erwin, Tennessee when he could not get required land for the main shops and classification yards.

References


- [http://www.earlpleasants.com/search_1.asp Railroad History Database]
- [http://www.trains.com/Content/Dynamic/Articles/000/000/000/387dckyo.asp CSX merger family tree]
- [http://www.johnsonsdepot.com/clinchfield/index_cl.htm Clinchfield History: Johnson City, Tennessee]
- [http://www.carolina-clinchfield.org Clinchfield Railroad Historical Society] Category:Kentucky railroads Category:North Carolina railroads Category:South Carolina railroads Category:Tennessee railroads Category:Virginia railroads Category:Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Category:Louisville and Nashville Railroad Category:Seaboard System Railroad Category:Former Class I railroads in the United States

Blue Ridge Mountains

Most of the rocks that form the Blue Ridge Mountains, United States, are ancient granitic and metamorphosed volcanic formations, some exceeding one billion years in age. The slow, steady forces of wind, water, and chemical decomposition have reduced the Blue Ridge from Sierra-like proportions to the low profile of an old mountain range. By comparison, humans have been associated with this land only about 9,000 years. The Blue Ridge Parkway extends 469 miles (750 km) along the crests of the Southern Appalachians and links two eastern national parks: Shenandoah and Great Smoky Mountains. In many places along the Blue Ridge Parkway, there are metamorphic rocks (gneiss) with folded bands of light-and dark-colored minerals, which sometimes look like the folds and swirls in a marble cake. Although the term "Blue Ridge" is sometimes applied exclusively to the eastern edge or front range of the Appalachian Mountains, in which range Grandfather Mountain is the highest peak, the geological definition of the Blue Ridge province extends westward to the Ridge and Valley area, encompassing the Great Smoky Mountains, the Great Balsams, the Roans, and other mountain ranges. The range itself extends north into Pennsylvania; New Jersey, where it is known as the Kittatinnies; and lastly into New York where it becomes the Shawangunks. The highest peak in the Blue Ridge and the Appalachian chain is Mt. Mitchell (North Carolina) at 6,684 feet (2037 m). There are 39 peaks in North Carolina and Tennessee higher than 6,000 feet; by comparison, the northern portion of the Appalachian chain contains only one 6,000 foot peak, New Hampshire's Mt. Washington. The Brushy Mountains in North Carolina are a "lost" spur of the Blue Ridge mountains. Category:Mountain ranges of the United States

1869

1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar).

Events


- March 1 - North German Confederation issues 10gr and 30gr value stamps, printed on goldbeater's skin
- May 4 - Naval Battle of Hakodate in Japan.
- May 6 - Purdue University founded in West Lafayette, Indiana.
- May 10 - Transcontinental Railroad completed at Promontory, Utah.
- May 15 - Woman's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman's Suffrage Association.
- May 26 - Last public hanging in Britain - Fenian bomber Michael Barrett
- May 29 - British parliament passes the Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill ending public hanging
- August 4/12 - Emperor Norton I of the United States abolished both the Democratic and Republican parties.
- August 9 - August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht founded the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Germany (SDAP)
- August 20 - Abergele Train Disaster - Irish Mail passenger train collides with cargo trucks loaded with paraffin - 33 dead; First major train disaster in Britain
- August 31 - Mary Ward is killed in a car accident, possibly the first person ever to suffer this fate
- September 11 - Work completed on the Wallace Monument
- October 16 - England's first residential college for women, Girton College, is founded.
- November 4 - The first issue of scientific journal Nature is published.
- November 6 - The first intercollegiate American football game is played. Rutgers defeats Princeton, 6 to 4.
- November 17 - In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony.
- November 23 - In Dumbarton, Scotland the clipper ship Cutty Sark is launched (it was one of the last clipper ships to be built, and the only one surviving to the present day).
- December 10 - First American chapter of Kappa Sigma founded at the University of Virginia.
- December 31 - Triple Alliance forces take Asuncion
- Basutoland becomes British protectorate
- British parliament ends transportation to Australia as punishment
- Venancio Flores murdered in Montevideo
- Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as President of the United States of America.
- Fire burns down about 75% of Hancock, Michigan
- Mahbub Ali Pasha begins a 42 year reign as Nizam of Hyderabad
- James Gordon Bennett, Jr. of the New York Herald, asks Henry Morton Stanley to go and find Dr Livingstone, despite him not being lost or in difficulty.
- The Meiji Emperor of Japan accepts the surrender of the four most powerful clans (Choshu, Tosa, Hizen and Satsuma) and reappoints the clan chiefs as Provincial Governors, on reduced revenues.
- Invention of barbed wire, see ranching.
- H. J. Heinz Company established.
- Abdur Rahman Khan is exiled from Afghanistan.
- The Roman Catholic Church prohibits abortion under any circumstance.
- "Michigan relics" appear Goldman Sachs and Co. was founded

Births


- January 4 - Tommy Corcoran, baseball player (d. 1960)
- January 10 - Grigori Rasputin, Russian mystic (d. 1916)
- January 15 - Stanisław Wyspiański, Polish dramatist, poet, painter, and architect (d. 1907)
- February 11 - Helene Kroller-Muller, Dutch museum founder and patron of the arts (d. 1939)
- February 14 - Charles Wilson, Scottish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1959)
- March 5 - Michael von Faulhaber, German cardinal and archbishop (d. 1952)
- March 14 - Algernon Blackwood, English writer (d. 1951)
- March 18 - Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1940)
- March 21 - Florenz Ziegfeld, theatrical producer (d. 1932)
- April 2 - Hughie Jennings, baseball player (d. 1928)
- April 4 - Mary Colter, American architect (d. 1958)
- April 8 - Harvey Cushing, American neurosurgeon (d. 1939)
- April 11 - Gustav Vigeland, Norwegian sculptor (d. 1943)
- May 5 - Hans Pfitzner, German Composer (d. 1949)
- May 20 - John Stone Stone, American physicist and inventor (d. 1943)
- June 17 - Flora Finch, English-born comedienne (d. 1940)
- June 27 - Hans Spemann, German embryologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1941)
- August 10 - Lawrence Binyon, English poet and scholar (d. 1943)
- September 3 - Fritz Pregl, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1930)
- September 17 - Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1938)
- September 23 - Mary Mallon, "Typhoid Mary" (d. 1938)
- October 2 - Mohandas Gandhi, founder of the modern Indian state and proponent of nonviolence (d. 1948)
- October 25 - John Heisman, American football coach (d. 1936)
- November 10 - Wayne Wheeler, American temperance movement leader.
- November 22 - André Gide, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1951)
- November 25 - Herbert Greenfield, Premier of Alberta (d. 1949)
- November 30 - Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1937)
- December 30 - Stephen Leacock, British-Canadian author and economist (d. 1944)
- December 31 - Henri Matisse, French painter (d. 1954)

Deaths


- March 8 - Hector Berlioz, French composer (b. 1803)
- March 24 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)
- April 20 - Carl Loewe, German composer (b. 1796)
- May 11 - Hijikata Toshizou, 2nd commander of the Shinsengumi (b. 1835)
- October 13 - Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, French literary critic (b. 1804)
- December 18 - Louis Moreau Gottschalk American composer and pianist (b. 1829) Category:1869 ko:1869년 simple:1869

1870

1870 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).

Events

January - April


- January 1 - Plans for the Brooklyn Bridge are done.
- January 2 - Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins.
- January 6 - The inauguration of the Musikverein (Vienna).
- January 10 - John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil
- January 15 - A political cartoon for the first time symbolizes the United States Democratic Party with a donkey ("A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly).
- January 26 - American Civil War: Virginia rejoins the Union
- January 27 - First college sorority, Kappa Alpha Theta, is formed at DePauw University
- February - Vrain Denis-Lucas in sentenced for two years in prison for multiple forgery in Paris
- February 2 - It is revealed that the famed Cardiff Giant was just carved gypsum and not the petrified remains of a human.
- February 3 - The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution is passed
- February 10 - Anaheim, California is incorporated.
- February 10 - The YWCA is founded (New York City)
- February 12 - Women gain the right to vote in Utah Territory.
- February 23 - Military control of Mississippi ends and it is readmitted to the Union.
- February 25 - Hiram Rhoades Revels, a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate, becoming the first African American ever to sit in the U.S. Congress
- February 26 - In New York City, the first pneumatic-subway is opened.
- February 28 - The Bulgarian Exarchate is established by decree of Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz of the Ottoman Empire.
- March 2 - Francisco Solano López' last troops cornered by Triple Alliance troops at Cerro Cora. López refuses to surrender and is killed. Fighting ends in Paraguay - the War of the Triple Alliance is over
- March 30 - Texas is readmitted to the Union following Reconstruction.
- April 11 - Irish peer Lord Muncaster and his entourage kidnapped in Greece
- April 22 - Vladimir Lenin is born

May - August


- May 12 - The Canadian province of Manitoba is created in response to Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion
- May 14 - First rugby match to be played in New Zealand, between the Nelson Football Club and Nelson College.
- May 24 - The Port Adelaide Football Club play their first match of Australian rules football at Buck's Flat, Glanville, South Australia.
- June 22 - U.S. Congress created the Department of Justice.
- June 26 - Christmas is declared a federal holiday in the United States
- July 13 - The Emser Depesche serves as a reason for a war between Prussia and France
- July 15 - Reconstruction: Georgia becomes the last former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union, and the CSA is dissoluted.
- July 19 - Franco-Prussian War: France declares war on Prussia.

September - December


- September 2 - Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Sedan - Prussian forces defeat the French armies and take emperor Napoleon III and 100,000 of his soldiers prisoner at Sedan.
- September 4 - Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed and the Third Republic is declared. Empress Eugenie flees to England with her children.
- September 6 - Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming, votes in the morning, becoming the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807.
- September 20 - With Bersaglieri soldiers entering Rome at Porta Pia, the unification of Italy is completed. End of the temporal power of Papacy.
- October 2 – Referendum in Rome supports joining the Italy with 133681 against 1500. Decision is made offici