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Joseph Wheeler

Joseph Wheeler

: This article is about Joseph Wheeler the American military commander, and not Joseph Wheeler the musicologist or the Yu-Gi-Oh! character. Yu-Gi-Oh! Joseph Wheeler (September 10, 1836 – January 25, 1906) was an American military commander and politician who fought during the Civil War and Spanish-American War and served as a U.S. Representative from Alabama. Joseph Wheeler was born near Augusta, Georgia. An 1859 graduate of the U.S. Military Academy, he resigned from the U.S. Army to join the Confederate States Army in 1861, where his first command was of the 19th Alabama Infantry Regiment, which he led into battle at Shiloh in April 1862. Wheeler later transferred to the cavalry and rose to the rank of major general. Nicknamed "Fighting Joe", Wheeler was considered by General Robert E. Lee to be one of the two most outstanding Confederate cavalry leaders and saw action in many campaigns, including the opposition to Sherman's advance on Atlanta. Atlanta, in the National Statuary Hall Collection.]] After the war Wheeler became a planter and a lawyer. He moved to Alabama, from which he served in the United States House of Representatives during 1881–1882, 1883, and 1885–1900; there he strove to heal the breach between the North and the South and championed economic policies that would help the South. In 1898 Wheeler volunteered for the Spanish-American war. He was appointed major general of volunteers by President William McKinley, saw action as a cavalry commander in Cuba, and was a senior member of the peace commission. He later commanded a brigade in the Philippine Insurrection in 1899–1900, where he was commissioned a brigadier general in the U.S. Regular Army. Wheeler was the author of several books on military history and strategy and civil subjects. He also appeared in an early film, Surrender of General Toral (1898) with William Rufus Shafter. Wheeler died on January 25, 1906, and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. In 1925, the state of Alabama donated a bronze statue of him to the U.S. Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection.

See also


- Slavery and State's Rights

External links


- [http://www.civilwarhome.com/fightingwheeler.htm Biographical sketch]
- [http://www.aoc.gov/cc/art/nsh/wheeler.htm NSHC biography] Wheeler, Joseph Wheeler, Joseph Wheeler, Joseph Wheeler, Joseph Wheeler, Joseph Wheeler, Joseph

Yu-Gi-Oh!

Yu-Gi-Oh! (遊☆戯☆王 Yūgiō, Japanese for "King of Games") is a popular Japanese anime and manga franchise from Kazuki Takahashi that mainly involves characters who play a card game called Duel Monsters (originally called Magic & Wizards in the manga. See the section "Card game" below for different names of the game) wherein each player purchases and assembles a deck of Monster, Magic, and Trap Cards in order to defeat one another. Begun as a manga in Japan in 1996, the Yu-Gi-Oh! franchise has since grown to an immensely successful global brand, spawning various manga and anime series, a real-life version of the card game featured in the story, video games, toys, and many other products.

Composition

The Yu-Gi-Oh! universe consists of two manga series (the original series is split into three parts in the English translations), three anime series, and two movies.

Japanese manga

Yu-Gi-Oh! (original manga)

Run from 1996 to March 8, 2004, the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga created by Kazuki Takahashi was one of the most popular titles featured in Shueisha's Weekly Shonen Jump. The manga originally focused on Yugi Mutou as he uses games designed by himself to fight various villains, and goes into several misadventures with his friends Katsuya Jonouchi, Anzu Mazaki, and Hiroto Honda. The plots start out as fairly episodic and there are only three instances of Magic and Wizards in the first seven volumes. Starting around the eighth volume, the Duelist Kingdom arc starts and the plot shifts to a Duel Monsters-centered universe.

Yu-Gi-Oh! R

Main article: Yu-Gi-Oh! R Illustrated by Akira Itou, one of the artists who illustrated the original Yu-Gi-Oh! manga, and supervised by Takahashi, Yu-Gi-Oh! R (遊☆戯☆王R) is a spin-off of the original Yu-Gi-Oh! franchise, with most of the same characters in a new plotline, which takes place between the Battle City arc and the Egypt arc. The manga was first published in Shueisha's monthly magazine V-Jump on April 21, 2004. Although there is no explicit explanation on the meaning of "R" in the title, the letter probably stands for "Reverse", "Revolution", or "Rebirth".

Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX

Main article: Yu-Gi-Oh! GX The Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX manga series is actually a manga adaptation of the Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX (titled Yu-Gi-Oh! GX in English speaking countries) television series. The comic is illustrated by Naoyuki Kageyama.

Japanese anime

Yu-Gi-Oh! (first series anime)

Main article: Yu-Gi-Oh! (first series anime) Produced by Toei Animation, this 27-episode anime is based on Yu-Gi-Oh! manga volumes 1-7, which do not focus much on Magic & Wizards. It is not connected in any way to Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters, another Yu-Gi-Oh! anime series made by Nihon Ad Systems (NAS), but is often referred to as the "first series" to distinguish it from the latter. First aired on TV Asahi on April 4, 1998, the series ended its run on October 10, 1998.

Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (second series anime)

Main article: Yu-Gi-Oh! (second series anime) Often referred to as simply "Yu-Gi-Oh!" or the "second series" of the Yu-Gi-Oh! anime, Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (遊戯王デュエルモンスターズ) is the series that introduced Yu-Gi-Oh! to the Western world. Produced by NAS, it was first aired on TV Tokyo on April 18, 2000, and later translated into more than 20 languages and airs in more than 60 countries. Mainly based on Yu-Gi-Oh! manga volume 8 and onward, the series ended its 224-episode run in Japan on September 29, 2004.

Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX

Main article: Yu-Gi-Oh! GX Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX (遊戯王デュエルモンスターズGX), often known as "Yu-Gi-Oh! GX", is an anime spin-off of the original Yu-Gi-Oh! franchise, with a new protagonist, Judai Yuki (renamed Jaden Yuki in the U.S. version), and a new plotline that is not based on the original manga (the "GX" in the title stands for "Generation neXt"). The series mainly focuses on the life in a duelist academy known as Duel Academia. Also produced by NAS, it was first aired on TV Tokyo on October 6, 2004. It currently airs in the US on Cartoon Network as part of its Miguzi program block at 5:00 pm Monday-Friday.

English adaptations

English anime

Miguzi See also: Yu-Gi-Oh! (second series anime) On May 8, 2001, 4Kids Entertainment obtained the U.S. merchandising and television rights to Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters from Konami. They partnered up with Warner Bros. and released their dubbed version of the anime on Kids' WB! on September 29, 2001, under the title Yu-Gi-Oh!. The English Yu-Gi-Oh! anime is divided into a number of seasons. So far, four seasons have been released:
- Season 1 (episode 1-49), aired from September 29, 2001 to November 9, 2002.
- Season 2 (episode 50-97), aired from November 16, 2002 to November 1, 2003. (NOTE: the second opening started on January 11, 2003)
- Season 3 (episode 98-144), aired from November 1, 2003 to September 4, 2004.
- Season 4 (episode 145-184), aired from September 11, 2004 to May 28, 2005.
- Season 5 (episode 185-224), aired from August 27, 2005 to present. Starting from Season 3, a subtitle was added to the series title. So Season 3 is known as Yu-Gi-Oh! Enter the Shadow Realm, Season 4 is known as Yu-Gi-Oh! Waking the Dragons, the first part of Season 5 is known as Yu-Gi-Oh! Grand Championship, and the second part of Season 5 is known as Yu-Gi-Oh! Dawn of the Duel. The English Yu-Gi-Oh! anime is broadcast on many channels. In the United States it is broadcast on Kids' WB! and on Cartoon Network; in Canada, it is broadcast on YTV; while in the United Kingdom and Australia, it is broadcast on Nickelodeon. Like many anime originally created for the Japanese market, a number of changes (including the names of most of the characters) were made when the English Yu-Gi-Oh! anime was released. Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX has been licensed by 4Kids and is set to premiere on Cartoon Network in October 2005 under the title Yu-Gi-Oh! GX. On October 19, 2004, 4Kids, in association with FUNimation, released uncut Yu-Gi-Oh! DVDs after years of petitions from Yu-Gi-Oh! fans. These DVDs include the original, unedited Japanese animations and Japanese dialogue tracks with English subtitles, as well as all-new English dubs with translations closer to the original dialogues. Both language tracks use the original Japanese music. Each DVD contains three episodes. 4Kids has not translated the 27 episodes produced by Toei that make up the first series Yu-Gi-Oh! anime. Some people mistake Toei's series for a lost first season of the TV show, and refer to it as "Season (or Series) 0".

English manga

DVD The English version of the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga is released by VIZ Media in both the Shonen Jump magazine and in individual graphic novels. The original Japanese character names are kept for most of the characters (Yugi, Jonouchi, Anzu, and Honda, for instance), while the English names are used for a few characters (e.g. Maximillion Pegasus) and the Duel Monsters cards. Published in its original right-to-left format, the manga is largely unedited, especially compared to the English anime. Viz released volumes 1 through 7 of the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga under its original title. The Duelist Kingdom and Battle City arcs is released as Yu-Gi-Oh! Duelist, while the Egypt arc is released as Yu-Gi-Oh! Millennium World. As of June 2005, the Egypt arc can be found in Shonen Jump. The translator of the English manga is Anita Sengupta.

Movies

Yu-Gi-Oh! (first Yu-Gi-Oh! movie)

Known as simply "Yu-Gi-Oh!", this first movie of Yu-Gi-Oh! has been released only in Japan. A 30-minute movie produced by Toei Animation, it was first shown in theaters on March 6, 1999. Its characters are from the first series Yu-Gi-Oh! anime. The movie is about a boy named Shougo Aoyama who is too timid to duel even after he got a powerful rare card, the legendary Red-Eyes Black Dragon, in his Deck. Yugi tries to bring Shougo's courage out in a duel with Seto Kaiba, who has his eyes on Shougo's rare card.

Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light

Main article: Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light The second movie, often referred to as simply "Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie", was first released in North America on August 13, 2004. The movie was developed specifically for Western audiences based on the overwhelming success of the Yu-Gi-Oh! franchise in the U.S. Its characters are from the second series Yu-Gi-Oh! anime. In the movie, Yugi faces Anubis, his arch-rival from his time. The Japanese version of the movie premiered in special screenings in Japan on November 3, 2004 and normal theaters on Christmas Eve, 2004, under the title Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters: Pyramid of Light (遊戯王デュエルモンスターズ　光のピラミッド). The movie was then aired on TV Tokyo on January 2, 2005. People who attended the movie during its premiere (U.S. or Japan) got free Yu-Gi-Oh! cards.

Characters

2005] Main articles:
- Yu-Gi-Oh! main characters
- Yu-Gi-Oh! anime and manga characters
- Yu-Gi-Oh! anime, manga or movie only characters See also:
- Yu-Gi-Oh! R (for characters in Yu-Gi-Oh! R)
- Yu-Gi-Oh! GX (for characters in Yu-Gi-Oh! GX) The main characters of Yu-Gi-Oh! (all anime, manga and movies except Yu-Gi-Oh! GX) are Yugi Mutou (Yugi Muto in the English anime), a shy, pure-hearted high school student and gaming expert who possesses an ancient Egyptian relic called the Millennium Puzzle; and the Nameless Pharaoh, otherwise known as Dark Yugi (Yami Yugi) (Dark Yugi is also known as "the other Yugi" and the "Nameless Pharaoh" (Namonaki Pharaoh in Japanese). His true name is revealed to be "Atem"), a darker personality held in the Puzzle. Yugi's best friends Katsuya Jonouchi (Joey Wheeler), Anzu Mazaki (Téa Gardner), and Hiroto Honda (Tristan Taylor) are also primary characters, as well as Dark Yugi's main rival, Seto Kaiba. Seto Kaiba (Tristan), Jonouchi (Joey)]] The main character of Yu-Gi-Oh! GX is Jaden Yuki (Judai Yuki in the Japanese version), an energetic boy who possesses great talents in Duel Monsters. The Duel Monsters themselves, as the primary battle agents in the series' card duels, can also be considered major characters, especially the three God Cards: Obelisk the Tormentor or The God of the Obelisk ("Giant Soldier - God of Obelisk" in the Japanese version), The Winged Dragon of Ra or The Sun Dragon Ra ("Winged Dragon - God of Ra"), and Slifer the Sky Dragon ("Saint Dragon - God of Osiris").

Central plots

Yu-Gi-Oh! (all anime, manga and movies except Yu-Gi-Oh! GX) tells the tale of Yugi Mutou, a shorter-than-normal high school student who was given an ancient Egyptian artifact known as the Millennium Puzzle in pieces by his grandfather. Upon completing the Puzzle, he is possessed by another personality which is later discovered to be the spirit of a 3000-year-old (or, in the English anime, 5000-year-old) Pharaoh, who forgot everything from his time. As the story goes on, the two of them, together with Yugi's friends, Anzu Mazaki, Katsuya Jonouchi, Hiroto Honda, etc., try to find the secret of the Pharaoh's lost memories and his name, - by the card game Duel Monsters (Magic & Wizards in the original Japanese manga and Yu-Gi-Oh! R) which is mirrored in the shadow games (Yami no Game in Japanese). Yu-Gi-Oh! GX follows the story of Jaden Yuki (Judai Yuki in the Japanese version), a young talented duelist who is given the card "Winged Kuriboh" by Yugi before Jaden's admission to Duel Academy (Duel Academia in the Japanese version), an elitist boarding school established by Seto Kaiba. Jaden, receiving low marks in his admission tests, is placed in the Slifer Red dormitory (Osiris Red) reserved for students with the lowest grades. The story goes on as Jaden faces challenges from different students in Duel Academy, and later finds himself entangled in a conflict related to the hidden secrets of the academy.

Terminology


- God Cards
- Millennium Items
- Orichalcos
- Shadow Game
- Shadow Realm
- Duelist Kingdom
- Battle City
- Virtual World
- Waking the Dragons
- Grand Championship
- Millennium World (also known as the "Dawn of the Duel")
- The Ceremonial Battle

Media and release information


- Yu-Gi-Oh! media and release information

Original games

There are several games in the Yu-Gi-Oh! anime and manga that were originally created as fictitious games for the series and was later turned into real games or video games.

Card game

The Yu-Gi-Oh! anime and manga series introduces an original card game created by Takahashi. Different names can be used to refer to the game depending on where it appears:
- Magic & Wizards (M&W) — the original name of the card game, used in the original Yu-Gi-Oh! (Japanese and English versions) manga, and Yu-Gi-Oh! R. In the case of the English manga, the game is renamed Duel Monsters in later-released chapters.
- Duel Monsters — used in Toei Animation's Yu-Gi-Oh! anime, the second series Yu-Gi-Oh! anime (Japanese and English versions), manga (English version only), and movies. The name is introduced to replace Magic & Wizards, probably due to its similarity to Magic: The Gathering.
- Yu-Gi-Oh! Official Card Game: Duel Monsters (Yu-Gi-Oh! OCG) — the original name of the real Yu-Gi-Oh! card game released by Konami, used mostly in Asia.
- Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game (Yu-Gi-Oh! TCG) — used in places where Upper Deck Entertainment distributes Yu-Gi-Oh! OCG.

History

Designed by Kazuki Takahashi, Magic & Wizards (M&W), is a popular card game worldwide. Compared with its predecessor, M&W was very simple when it was first introduced in the manga: there were only two types of cards (Monster & Magic Cards); the result of a monster battle only relied on the Attack and Defense Points of the monsters and the effects of Magic Cards (which only appeared occasionally). According to the author, the game was designed as such because he felt that the rules of Magic were too complicated, and he wanted to create something similar but simplier. The original plan of Takahashi was to phase out M&W, which took him only one night to design, in just two episodes. After the first appearance of the game in the manga (in Volume 2, Duel 9), the reader response on it was enormous, and Shonen Jump started getting calls from readers who wanted to know more about the game. Takahashi realized that he had hit on something, so he modified the storyline to feature more of the card game. With the advance of the manga, the game continued to evolve, becoming more complicated. The similarities between the games, of note card design (brown with an oval on back), effects and terminology (discarding, graveyard, sacrifice), usage, and pictures (including occult or religious based icons, alluding to the early days of Magic: The Gathering) are all there. The name of Magic's creator is mirrored through the creator of Duel Monsters, Pegasus J. Crawford (Maximillion Pegasus in the English versions), whom both share the same number of letters.

The real game

Magic & Wizards has been brought to life in three versions, by two different companies. The first version, known as the Carddas version, was first released by Bandai in September 1998. Only three boosters had been released for this version before the license of the card game was sold to Konami later. The game was popular, although it used a simplified and modified version of the gaming rule used in the manga, and is less faithful to the manga compared with Konami's versions of the game. The second version of the Yu-Gi-Oh! cards was released by Konami on December 16, 1998, included as special pack-in cards in the first Yu-Gi-Oh! video game, Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters . These cards are not to be mixed up with those of Yu-Gi-Oh! OCG released later by the same company. The two versions are different in terms of design, with the looks of the former closer to those in the manga, to an extent that their effect texts are all directly quoted from the manga. Only 10 cards were released for this version, and Konami didn't have any gaming rules for these cards, as they were intended for collection purpose only. They cannot be used in the later-released Yu-Gi-Oh! OCG. The third version, Yu-Gi-Oh! OCG, was first released on February 4, 1999, by Konami. The gaming rule of this version is much more sophisticated and mature compared with the Carddas version, while at the same time does a much better job in preserving the style and feeling of M&W. Succeeding the popular Carddas version, Yu-Gi-Oh! OCG was an instant hit. And on March 1, 2002, the English version of the game was brought to the U.S. by Upper Deck Entertainment under the new name, Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game, with the release of its first set, Legend of Blue-Eyes White Dragon. Later on in the same year (March 19), Konami released its first Yu-Gi-Oh! videogame in the U.S. for Gameboy Color, known as Yu-Gi-Oh! Dark Duel Stories. Currently, Yu-Gi-Oh! OCG/TCG have been released in more than 40 countries.

Other games

Apart from Magic & Wizards, there are also other games that were originally created as fictitious games for Yu-Gi-Oh! manga and was later turned into video games, the most famous ones being:
- Capsule Monster Chess (Capmon) — a sort of pre-Mage Knight collectible miniatures game. Video game: [http://www.konami.com/gs/capsulemonster/ Capsule Monster Coliseum]
- Monster World — a role-playing chess game. Video game: [http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_mc/ Monster Capsule GB] (avaliable in Japanese only)
- Dungeon Dice Monsters (DDM), known in the Japanese manga as Dragons Dice & Dungeons (DDD) — a dungeon crawl boardgame where the tiles are created by unfolding the faces of 6-sided dice. Video game: [http://www.konami.com/gs/dungeondice/ Dungeon Dice Monsters]. Among the three, only Dungeon Dice Monsters has been released as a real collectible game, but the game wasn't popular, and currently no more new figures are released. On March 29, 2003, Mattel released the English version of the first booster of Dungeon Dice Monsters in America, under the title DragonFlame. But so far, only three of the seven boosters in Japanese version have been released, with the last one released in June 2003.

Response

Upon its airing in the U.S. in 2001, the English version of Yu-Gi-Oh! instantly became the number 1 Saturday morning show for kids on network television, and has consistently maintained its lead with strong ratings among boys, leading Kids' WB! to expand the show to six days a week beginning April 1, 2002. The October 27, 2001 issue of TV Guide named Yu-Gi-Oh! one of this season's top 10 best new kids' shows. The merchandising of Yu-Gi-Oh!-related products and games has drawn criticism from adults and anime fans, and the series is widely described as toyetic. Manga fans argue that the first several volumes are not merchandising-based. These volumes have no bearing on the 2nd series TV series as aired in the United States, which is the source of all US merchandising attempts.

Yu-Gi-Oh!-related books (not including manga)

Several books based on the manga and anime have been released in Japan and outside of Japan.

Released in English


- Yu-Gi-Oh!: Monster Duel Official Handbook by Michael Anthony Steele - ISBN 0439651018 - Published by Scholastic Press - A guide book to Yu-Gi-Oh! cards and characters
- Yu-Gi-Oh! Enter the Shadow Realm: Mighty Champions by Jeff O'Hare - ISBN 0439671914 - Published by Scholastic Press - A book with puzzles and games related to Yu-Gi-Oh!

Not released in English

All books are published by Shueisha and credit Kazuki Takahashi as the author.
- Yu-Gi-Oh! (novel) - ISBN 4-08-703086-5 - This is a novelization of the first two story arcs of the manga.
- Yu-Gi-Oh! Official Card Game Duel Monsters Official Rule Guide -- The Thousand Rule Bible - ISBN 4-08-782134-X - This is a rule book and strategy guide for the Junior and Shin Expert rules. This also has a Q & A related to certain cards, and the book comes with the "multiply" card.
- Yu-Gi-Oh! Official Card Game Duel Monsters Official Card Catalog The Variable Book - This is a collection of card catalogues.
  - Volume 1 ISBN 4-08-782764-X
  - Volume 2 ISBN 4-08-782041-6
  - Volume 3 ISBN 4-08-782135-8
  - Volume 4 ISBN 4-08-782047-5
  - Volume 5 ISBN 4-08-782053-X
- Yu-Gi-Oh! Character Guide Book - The Gospel of Truth (遊戯王キャラクターズガイドブック―真理の福音― Yūgiō Kyarakutāzu Gaido Bukku Shinri no Fukuin) - ISBN 4-08-873363-0 - This book is a character guide related to the manga.

Yu-Gi-Oh!-related video games

All Yu-Gi-Oh!-related video games are produced by Konami. The English version video games generally use the 4Kids English anime names, as opposed to the Viz English manga names. The newest game in each particular plaform is listed first, followed by the second newest, etc. The Japanese version of the game, if any, is stated in the bracket. Each game generally includes a few promotional cards (usually 3) for use with the Yu-Gi-Oh! TCG. The Japanese Game Boy Advance games with "Expert" or "International" in the title follow the rules of the OCG/TCG much more closely than the ones without. As well, "International" versions generally have multiple languages on all versions, and all versions of a given "International" title can play against each other via game link.

Released in English

Game Boy Advance


- [http://www.konami.com/gs/worldchampionship2005/ Yu-Gi-Oh! 7 Trials to Glory: World Championship Tournament 2005] ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dmi2/index.html Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters International 2])
- [http://www.konami.com/gs/destinyboard/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Destiny Board Traveler] ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_sugoroku/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Sugoroku's Sugoroku])
- [http://www.konami.com/gs/reshefofdestruction/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Reshef of Destruction] ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dm8/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters 8: Reshef of Destruction])
- Yu-Gi-Oh! World Championship Tournament 2004 ([http://www.konami.com/gs/worldchampionship2004/ website]) ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_ex3/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters: Expert 3])
- [http://www.konami.com/gs/sacredcards/ Yu-Gi-Oh! The Sacred Cards] ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dm7/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters 7: The Duelcity Legend])
- [http://www.konami.com/gs/worldwide/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Worldwide Edition: Stairway to the Destined Duel] ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dm6/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters 6: Expert 2], [http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dmi/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters International ~Worldwide Edition~])
- [http://www.konami.com/gs/dungeondice/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Dungeon Dice Monsters] ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_ddm/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Dungeon Dice Monsters])
- [http://www.konami.com/gs/eternalduelistsoul/ Yu-Gi-Oh! The Eternal Duelist Soul]
- Yu-Gi-Oh! GX Duel Academy (Yu-Gi-Oh Duel Monsters GX: Mezase Duel King)

Game Boy Color


- Yu-Gi-Oh! Dark Duel Stories ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dds/index.html website]) ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dm3/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters III: Tri-Holygod Advent])

GameCube


- Yu-Gi-Oh! The Falsebound Kingdom ([http://www.konami.com/falseboundkingdom/ website]) ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_fk/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Falsebound Kingdom])

Nintendo DS


- Yu-Gi-Oh! Nightmare Troubadour ([http://www.konami.com/gs/nightmaretroubadour/ website]) ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_nt/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters: Nightmare Troubadour])

PC


- Yu-Gi-Oh! Online ([http://www.yugioh-online.net/gengo.html website])
- [http://www.konami.com/gs/powerofchaosjoey/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Power of Chaos: Joey the Passion] (North America and Europe only)
- [http://www.konami.com/gs/powerofchaoskaiba/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Power of Chaos: Kaiba the Revenge] (North America and Europe only)
- [http://www.konami.com/gs/powerofchaos/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Power of Chaos: Yugi the Destiny] (North America and Europe only)

PlayStation


- Yu-Gi-Oh! Forbidden Memories ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_fm/index.html website]) ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_s/ Yu-Gi-Oh! True Duel Monsters: Forbidden Memories])

PlayStation 2


- [http://www.konami.com/gs/capsulemonster/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Capsule Monster Coliseum] ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_cmc/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Capsule Monster Coliseum])
- Yu-Gi-Oh! The Duelists of the Roses ([http://www.konami.com/gs/duelistsoftheroses/ website]) ([http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_s2/ Yu-Gi-Oh! True Duel Monsters II: Succeeded Memories])

Xbox


- [http://www.konami.com/gs/dawnofdestiny/ Yu-Gi-Oh! The Dawn of Destiny]

Not released in English

Game Boy


- Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters (no official website avaliable)

Game Boy Advance


- [http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dm5/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters 5: Expert 1]

Game Boy Color


- [http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dm4/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters 4: Battle of Great Duelist]
- [http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_mc/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Monster Capsule GB]
- [http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh_dm2/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters II: Dark Duel Stories]

Notes

# Yūgi (遊戯) means "game"; Ō (王) means "king". # In volume 1 of the Yu-Gi-Oh! R manga, Akira Itou explains the manga, which describes a hidden story that does not appear in the original Yu-Gi-Oh! manga, as a "reverse" (リバース) of the original one, in an effort to expand the Yu-Gi-Oh! world.

Reference

# Words from the [http://web.archive.org/web/20040605083204/jump.shueisha.co.jp/yugi/game.html Millennium Puzzle Game] (A Japanese site. Click "CLICK HERE", then click "ゲームスタート" and complete the puzzle to see words from the author concerning M&W (or see it in the discussion page). Macromedia Shockwave is required to play the game. # Kazuki Takahashi (2003). Yu-Gi-Oh! (遊☆戯☆王) Volume 30. Shueisha. # Lisa Takeuchi Cullen (June 4, 2001). [http://www.time.com/time/interactive/multimedia/takahashi_int/content.html 'I've Always Been Obessed With Games' ]. Time Magazine. # DOP (September 25, 2002). [http://www.geocities.co.jp/Playtown-Bingo/5875/tcg/tkn02ycd.html Yu-Gi-Oh! Carddas version] (A Japanese page) # Yu-Gi-Oh! Official Card Game Duel Monsters Master Guide (遊戯王オフィシャルカードゲームデュエルモンスタース MASTER GUIDE), p. 64. Shueisha. ISBN 4-08-782134-X # Akira Itou (2005). Yu-Gi-Oh! R (遊☆戯☆王R) Volume 1. Shueisha.

External links

English

Official sites


- [http://www.yugiohkingofgames.com/ Official website of English Yu-Gi-Oh!] Alternate URL: [http://www.yugioh.com/]
- [http://www.yugioh.com/gx.php Official website of English Yu-Gi-Oh! GX]
- [http://www.shonenjump.com/mangatitles/ygo/manga_ygo.php Shonen Jump Yu-Gi-Oh! page]
- [http://yugioh.warnerbros.com/ Official website of Yu-Gi-Oh! The Movie: Pyramid of Light]
- [http://kidswb.warnerbros.com/web/shows/external_shows.jsp?id=YUG Kids' WB! Yu-Gi-Oh! webpage]
- [http://www.ytv.com/programming/shows/yu-gi-oh/index.asp?showID=81 YTV Yu-Gi-Oh! webpage]
- [http://www.nick.co.uk/nicktoons/shows/yugioh/index.aspx Nickelodeon United Kingdom Yu-Gi-Oh! webpage]
- [http://www.nickelodeon.com.au/allnick/tvshows/yugioh/ Nickelodeon Australia Yu-Gi-Oh! webpage]
- [http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh/en/index.html English Yu-Gi-Oh! video games line-up]
- [http://www.4kids.tv/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=58 Yu-Gi-Oh! forums]

Information sites


- [http://www.tv.com/yu-gi-oh!/show/5034/summary.html TV.com's Yu-Gi-Oh! page] Yu-Gi-Oh! anime series guide.
- [http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/manga.php?id=1642 Anime News Network Encyclopedia Yu-Gi-Oh! page] provide basic information and press releases about the Yu-Gi-Oh! manga, with links to other Yu-Gi-Oh!-related entries in the encyclopedia.
- [http://www.tcgs.pl Yu-Gi-Oh! card search] Searchable Y-Gi-Oh! card database with thousands of cards with images.

Fan sites


- [http://www.janime.info/ Janime - Yu-Gi-Oh! Anime/Manga World] - up-to-date information on Yu-Gi-Oh! (except the card game), manga scans in English and Japanese, screenshots, various movie clips and song clips, anime and manga episode summaries, character's deck lists, etc.
- [http://www.yu-jyo.net/index.php Yu-Jyo - A Yu-Gi-Oh! Episode Guide] - features TV episode synopsis, with a focus on the differences between the American and Japanese versions
- [http://s13.invisionfree.com/Mayo211/index.php? Mayo211.com Message Boards!] - Discuss Yu Gi Oh as well as other popular card and board games. For users of all ages.
- [http://www.pojo.com/yu-gi-oh/index.shtml Pojo Yu-Gi-Oh! page] - Pojo's Yu-Gi-Oh! page.
- [http://www.perfectduel.cjb.net PerfectDuel] - A complete American fan site dedicated to the series of Yu-Gi-Oh! Featuring over 100 pages of content, and over 30 music video tributes. Come visit us!
- [http://www.xerocreative.com/ XeroCreative] - A popular fan site, containing information on the TCG and featuring a program to play Yugioh online.
- [http://www.metagame.com/ Metagame] - A large website for the Yugioh TCG, featuring articles by high level players.
- [http://www.duelyugioh.com/ Duel Yu-Gi-Oh!] - A fansite featuring information on the TCG.
- [http://dmcomet.net/ Spikes & Baron's Duel Monsters Comet] - A fansite featuring the latest information about Yugioh TCG and OCG, translations, and many in-depth card reviews and articles.
- [http://www.yugioh.dbzoa.net/ Yuugiou Uncensored] - A website offering episode-by-episode comparisons of the Yu-Gi-Oh! television show from the dub to its Japanese counterpart. Also offered are TCG and Video Game Comparisons.
- [http://yugiohlady.co.nr/ Utlimate Shoujo : A Yu-Gi-Oh! Site For Girls] Features nearly all of the girls from Yu-Gi-Oh!. Character bios, A parent/Duelist's Guide to collecting and more.
- [http://ygoexpress.vze.com/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Express] - Featuring the "Anime Card Guide", Episode Clips, many scans, and much, much more!
- [http://www.yugiohrealms.com]/ YuGiOh Realms] Sections include Journal, Articles, Fan Fiction, OCG forum, TCG forum, Video Games, Another Realm
- [http://masteroffates.proboards50.com/index.cgi/ Master of Fates] A small site
- [http://www.netrep.net www.netrep.net] - Premier Yu-Gi-Oh TCG card and rulings information.
- [http://www.yugiohfans.co.uk/ Yu-gi-oh! Fans .co.uk]

Japanese


- [http://www.j-yugioh.com/ Yu-Gi-Oh! Dotcom (Japanese website)] (遊☆戯☆王ドットコム Yūgiō Dottokomu)
- [http://www.toei-anim.co.jp/tv/yugioh/ Official website of Yu-Gi-Oh! first series anime]
- [http://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/anime/yugioh2000/ Official website of Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters]
- [http://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/anime/yugioh/ Official website of Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters GX] (requires Flash)
- [http://www.konami.jp/th/yu_gi/index.html Yu-Gi-Oh! card-related products line-up]
- [http://www.konami.jp/gs/game/yugioh/ Japanese Yu-Gi-Oh! video games line-up]

Multi-language


- [http://www.yugioh-card.com Official page for Konami's Yu-Gi-Oh! card game]
- [http://www.yugioh-online.net/gengo.html Yu-Gi-Oh! Online] the online version of Konami's Yu-Gi-Oh! card game Category:Manga Category:Yu-Gi-Oh! Category:2000s fads Category:Shōnen ja:遊☆戯☆王 ko:유희왕

September 10

September 10 is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years). There are 112 days following it.

Events


- 1419 - John of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France.
- 1608 - John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia.
- 1776 - American Revolutionary War: Nathan Hale volunteers to spy.
- 1798 - At the Battle of St. George, British Honduras defeats Spain.
- 1813 - The U.S. defeats the British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812.
- 1823 - Simón Bolívar is named President of Peru.
- 1846 - Elias Howe gets a patent for the sewing machine.
- 1858 - George Mary Searle discovers the asteroid 55 Pandora.
- 1897 - In the Lattimer Massacre, a sheriff's posse killes more than nineteen unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania, United States.
- 1898 - Empress Elizabeth of Austria is assassinated by Luigi Lucheni.
- 1913 - The first paved coast-to-coast U.S. highway opens.
- 1919 - Austria and the Allies sign the Treaty of Saint-Germain recognizing the independence of Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.
- 1927 - France had its first Davis Cup win, though it had competed since 1905.
- 1932 - The New York City Subway's third competing subway system, the municipally-owned "IND", is opened.
- 1939 - The submarine HMS Oxley is sunk by mistake by the submarine HMS Triton off the coast of Norway and becomes the Royal Navy's first loss in the Second World War.
- 1939 - Canada declares war on Nazi Germany.
- 1942 - The Allies carry out an amphibious landing at Majunga, north-west Madagascar, to re-launch Allied offensive operations in the Madagascar Campaign.
- 1943 - German forces began their occupation of Rome during World War II.
- 1945 - Vidkun Quisling sentenced to death for collaboration with Nazi Germany.
- 1951 - United Kingdom began an economic boycott of Iran.
- 1960 - Mickey Mantle hits what is thought to be the Major League baseball's longest home run, sending the ball an estimated 643 feet.
- 1963 - 20 African-American students enter public schools in the U.S. state of Alabama.
- 1967 - The people of Gibraltar vote to remain a British dependency rather than becoming part of Spain.
- 1972 - The United States loses its first international basketball game in a disputed match versus the Soviet Union at Munich, Germany.
- 1974 - Guinea-Bissau gains independence from Portugal.
- 1976 - A British Airways Trident and a Yugoslav DC-9 collide near Zagreb, Yugoslavia killing 176
- 1977 - Last execution by Guillotine in France. Hamida Djandoubi, convicted for torture and murder, was executed at Baumettes Prison in Marseille.
- 1990 - The Basilica of Our Lady of Peace in Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire – the largest church in Africa and perhaps the world – is consecrated by Pope John Paul II.
- 2001 - Norwegian parliamentary election, 2001
- 2002 - Switzerland, known for its neutrality, finally joins the United Nations.
- 2002 - The U.S. Homeland Security Advisory System is set to Orange, or High Condition, for the first time.
- 2003 - Anna Lindh, the foreign minister of Sweden, is stabbed fatally while shopping, and dies of her wounds on September 11.

Births


- 920 - King Louis IV of France (d. 954)
- 1169 - Alexius II Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1183)
- 1487 - Pope Julius III (d. 1555)
- 1550 - Alonso de Guzman El Bueno, 7th Duke of Medina Sidonia, commander of the Spanish Armada (d. 1615)
- 1588 - Nicholas Lanier, English composer (d. 1666)
- 1624 - Thomas Sydenham, English physician (d. 1689)
- 1638 - Maria Theresa of Spain, queen of Louis XIV of France (d. 1683)
- 1714 - Niccolò Jommelli, Italian composer (d. 1774)
- 1758 - Hannah Webster Foster, American author (d. 1840)
- 1788 - Jacques Boucher de Crèvecœur de Perthes, French archaelogist (d. 1868)
- 1839 - Isaac Kauffman Funk, American publisher (d. 1912)
- 1844 - Abel Hoadley, Australian confectioner (d. 1918)
- 1852 - Alice Brown Davis, Seminole chief (d. 1935)
- 1866 - Jeppe Aakjær, Danish writer (d. 1930)
- 1886 - Hilda Doolittle, American poet and novelist (d. 1961)
- 1890 - Elsa Schiaparelli, French couturiere (d. 1973)
- 1890 - Franz Werfel, poet and author(d. 1945)
- 1892 - Arthur Compton, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
- 1897 - Hilde Hildebrand, German actress (d. 1976)
- 1907 - Fay Wray, Canadian actress (d. 2004)
- 1914 - Robert Wise, American film director (d. 2005)
- 1915 - Edmond O'Brien, American actor (d. 1985)
- 1917 - Miguel Serrano, Chilean author and diplomat
- 1920 - Fabio Taglioni, Italian motorcycle engineer (d. 2001)
- 1922 - Yma Sumac, Peruvian singer
- 1928 - Jean Vanier, Canadian humanitarian.
- 1929 - Arnold Palmer, American golfer
- 1931 - Philip Baker Hall, American actor
- 1933 - Yevgeny Khrunov, cosmonaut (d. 2000)
- 1934 - Charles Kuralt, American journalist (d. 1997)
- 1934 - Roger Maris, baseball player (d. 1985)
- 1938 - Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer
- 1941 - Stephen Jay Gould, American paleontologist (d. 2002)
- 1941 - Christopher Hogwood, English conductor
- 1941 - Gunpei Yokoi, Japanese inventor and video game designer (d. 1997)
- 1943 - Eldridge Coleman ("Superstar" Billy Graham), American professional wrestler
- 1945 - Jose Feliciano, Puerto Rican singer
- 1946 - Jim Hines, American athlete
- 1946 - Don Powell, English drummer (Slade)
- 1948 - Tony Gatlif, Algerian-born director
- 1948 - Bob Lanier, American basketball player
- 1949 - Don Muraco, professional wrestler
- 1949 - Bill O'Reilly, American journalist, author, and commentator
- 1950 - Joe Perry, American musician (Aerosmith)
- 1953 - Amy Irving, American actress
- 1957 - Siobhan Fahey, Irish singer (Bananarama and Shakespear's Sister)
- 1958 - Dan Castellaneta, American voice actor
- 1958 - Chris Columbus, American film director
- 1959 - Peter Nelson, American actor
- 1960 - Colin Firth, English actor
- 1963 - Randy Johnson, baseball player
- 1968 - Big Daddy Kane, American rapper
- 1968 - Guy Ritchie, British film director
- 1969 - Jonathon Schaech, American actor
- 1970 - Robert Green, American football player
- 1972 - Ghada Shouaa, Syrian athlete
- 1972 - James Duval, American actor
- 1973 - Ferdinand Coly, Senegalese footballer
- 1974 - Ryan Phillippe, American actor
- 1974 - Ben Wallace, American basketball player
- 1976 - Gustavo Kuerten, Brazilian tennis player
- 1980 - Mikey Way, American bassist (My Chemical Romance)

Deaths


- 918 - Count Baldwin II of Flanders (b. 865)
- 954 - King Louis IV of France (b. 920)
- 1167 - Empress Matilda, wife of Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1102)
- 1197 - Henry II of Champagne (b. 1166)
- 1308 - Emperor Go-Nijō of Japan (b. 1285)
- 1419 - John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (assassinated) (b. 1371)
- 1519 - John Colet, English churchman and educator
- 1559 - Anthony Denny, confidant of King Henry VIII of England (b. 1501)
- 1591 - Richard Grenville, English soldier and explorer (b. 1542)
- 1604 - William Morgan, Welsh Bible translator (b. 1545)
- 1607 - Luzzasco Luzzaschi, Italian composer and organist (b. 1545)
- 1669 - Henrietta Maria, queen of Charles I of England (b. 1609)
- 1676 - Gerrard Winstanley, English religious reformer (b. 1609)
- 1680 - Baldassare Ferri, Italian castrato (b. 1610)
- 1749 - Émilie du Châtelet, French mathematician and physicist (b. 1706)
- 1759 - Ferdinand Konščak, Croatian explorer (b. 1703)
- 1797 - Mary Wollstonecraft, English author (b. 1759)
- 1851 - Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, American educator (b. 1787)
- 1867 - Simon Sechter, Austrian composer (b. 1788)
- 1898 - Elisabeth of Austria (assassinated) (b. 1837)
- 1935 - Huey Long, American politician (b. 1893)
- 1937 - Sergei Tretyakov, Russian writer (b. 1892)
- 1948 - King Ferdinand of Bulgaria (b. 1861)
- 1961 - Leo Carrillo, American actor (b. 1880)
- 1965 - Father Divine, American religious leader (b. 1880)
- 1966 - Emil Gumbel, German mathematician and pacifist (b. 1891)
- 1975 - George Paget Thomson, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1892)
- 1976 - Dalton Trumbo, American writer (b. 1905)
- 1979 - Agostinho Neto, Angolan politician (b. 1922)
- 1983 - Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1905)
- 1983 - John Vorster, Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1915)
- 1985 - Jock Stein, Scottish football player and manager (b. 1922)
- 1996 - Joanne Dru, American actress (b. 1923)
- 1997 - Jack Adkisson, professional wrestler (b. 1929)
- 1999 - Alfredo Kraus, Spanish tenor (b. 1927)
- 2004 - Brock Adams, American politician (b. 1927)

Holidays


- Calendar of Saints - Virgin of the Wonders; Nicholas of Tolentino Also see September 10 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
- Gibraltar - National Day
- World Suicide Prevention Day
- Software Freedom Day
- Teacher's Day in China
- Day of the Child in Honduras

See also


- 10 September was the name of a communist faction in Turkey.

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/september/10 BBC: On This Day] ---- September 9 · September 11 · August 10 · October 10 · more historical anniversaries ko:9월 10일 ja:9月10日 simple:September 10 th:10 กันยายน

January 25

January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 340 days remaining (341 in leap years).

Events


- 41 - After a night of negotiation, Claudius is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the Senate.
- 1327 - Edward III becomes King of England.
- 1494 - Alfonso II becomes King of Naples.
- 1533 - Henry VIII of England secretly marries his second wife Anne Boleyn.
- 1554 - Foundation of São Paulo city, Brazil.
- 1755 - Moscow University established.
- 1791 - The British Parliament splits the old province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada.
- 1792 - The London Corresponding Society is founded
- 1858 - The Wedding March by Felix Mendelssohn becomes a popular wedding recessional after it is played on this day at the marriage of Queen Victoria's daughter, Victoria, and Friedrich of Prussia.
- 1881 - Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company.
- 1890 - The United Mine Workers of America is founded.
- 1890 - Nellie Bly completes her round-the-world journey in 72 days.
- 1915 - Alexander Graham Bell inaugurates U.S. transcontinental telephone service.
- 1917 - The Danish West Indies is sold to the United States for $25 million.
- 1919 - The League of Nations is founded.
- 1924 - The 1924 Winter Olympics open in Chamonix, France (in the French Alps), inaugurating the Winter Olympic Games.
- 1941 - Pope Pius XII elevates the Apostolic Vicariate of the Hawaiian Islands to the dignity of a diocese. It becomes the Roman Catholic Diocese of Honolulu.
- 1942 - Thailand declares war on the United States and United Kingdom.
- 1946 - The United Mine Workers rejoins the American Federation of Labor.
- 1949 - At the Hollywood Athletic Club the first Emmy Awards are presented.
- 1949 - The first Israeli election -- David Ben-Gurion becomes Prime Minister.
- 1960 - The National Association of Broadcasters reacts to the Payola scandal by threatening fines for any disc jockeys who accepted money for playing particular records.
- 1961 - In Washington, DC John F. Kennedy delivers the first live presidential television news conference.
- 1971 - Charles Manson and three female "family members" are found guilty of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.
- 1971 - Idi Amin leads a coup deposing Milton Obote and becomes Uganda's president.
- 1971 - Himachal Pradesh becomes the 18th Indian state.
- 1981 - Super Bowl XV: The Oakland Raiders defeat the Philadelphia Eagles, 27-10.
- 1986 - The National Resistance Movement topple the government of Tito Okello in Uganda
- 1987 - Super Bowl XXI: The New York Giants beat the Denver Broncos, 39-20.
- 1990 - The Burns' Day storm hits Northwestern Europe.
- 1990 - Honduras becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
- 1993 - Mir Amir Kansi kills two employees outside CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia.
- 1995 - The Norwegian Rocket Incident: Russia almost launches a nuclear attack after Black Brant XII, a Norwegian research rocket, is mistaken for a US Trident missile by the Olenegorsk early-warning radar station.
- 1998 - Super Bowl XXXII: The Denver Broncos beat the Green Bay Packers, 31-24.
- 1999 - A 6.0 Richter scale earthquake hits western Colombia killing at least 1,000.
- 2002 - Wikipedia switches to the new version of its software ("Phase II") aka Magnus Manske Day
- 2004 - Opportunity (MER-B) lands on surface of Mars.
- 2005 - A stampede during a pilgrimage in India kills at least 215.

Births


- 1477 - Anna, Duchess of Brittany, queen of Charles VIII of France (d. 1514)
- 1509 - Giovanni Morone, Italian cardinal (d. 1580)
- 1615 - Govert Flinck, Dutch painter (d. 1660)
- 1627 - Robert Boyle, Irish chemist (d. 1691)
- 1634 - Gaspar Fagel, Dutch statesman (d. 1688)
- 1640 - William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Devonshire, English soldier and statesman (d. 1707)
- 1736 - Joseph Louis Lagrange, Italian-born mathematician (d. 1813)
- 1739 - Charles François Dumouriez, French general (d. 1823)
- 1759 - Robert Burns, Scottish poet (d. 1796)
- 1794 - François-Vincent Raspail, French chemist (d. 1878)
- 1796 - William MacGillivray, Scottish naturalist and ornithologist (d. 1852)
- 1825 - George Pickett, American Confederate General (d. 1875)
- 1841 - Jackie Fisher, British First Sea Lord (d. 1920)
- 1858 - Kokichi Mikimoto, Japanese pearl farm pioneer (d. 1954)
- 1860 - Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States (d. 1936)
- 1874 - William Somerset Maugham, English writer (d. 1965)
- 1878 - Ernst Alexanderson, Swedish-born television pioneer (d. 1975)
- 1882 - Virginia Woolf, English writer (d. 1941)
- 1886 - Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor (d. 1954)
- 1900 - Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ukrainian-American geneticist and biologist (d. 1975)
- 1900 - Yojiro Ishizaka, Japanese writer (d. 1986)
- 1913 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
- 1917 - Ilya Prigogine, Russian-born physicist and chemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (d. 2003)
- 1917 - Jânio Quadros, Brazilian politician (d. 1992)
- 1918 - Ernie Harwell, baseball sportscaster
- 1919 - Edwin Newman, American journalist and writer
- 1923 - Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1927 - Antonio Carlos Jobim, Brazilian musician (d. 1994)
- 1928 - Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia
- 1931 - Dean Jones, American actor
- 1933 - Corazon Aquino, President of the Philippines
- 1936 - Diana Hyland, American actress (d. 1977)
- 1938 - Etta James, American singer
- 1938 - Vladimir Vysotsky, Russian poet, singer, and actor (d. 1980)
- 1941 - Buddy Baker, American race car driver
- 1941 - Gregory Sierra, American actor
- 1942 - Carl Eller, American football player
- 1942 - Eusébio, Portuguese footballer
- 1943 - Tobe Hooper, American film director
- 1944 - Leigh Taylor-Young, American actress
- 1947 - Tostão, Brazilian footballer
- 1949 - Paul Nurse, British biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1951 - Steve Prefontaine, American runner (d. 1975)
- 1952 - Timothy White, American journalist (d. 2002
- 1954 - Ricardo Bochini, Argentinian footballer
- 1958 - Dinah Manoff, American actress
- 1969 - Kina, American singer
- 1971 - Luca Badoer, Italian race car driver
- 1975 - Tim Montgomery, American athlete
- 1976 - Mia Kirshner, Canadian actress
- 1980 - Christian Olsson, Swedish athlete
- 1981 - Alicia Keys, American singer and musician
- 1984 - Robinho, Brazilian footballer

Deaths


- 477 - Geiseric, King of the Vandals and Alans
- 844 - Pope Gregory IV
- 1067 - Emperor Yingzong of China (b. 1032)
- 1366 - Henry Suso, German mystic
- 1431 - Charles I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1364)
- 1494 - King Ferdinand I of Naples (b. 1423)
- 1559 - King Christian II of Denmark, Sweden and Norway (b. 1481)
- 1586 - Lucas Cranach the Younger, German painter (b. 1515)
- 1640 - Robert Burton, English scholar (b. 1577)
- 1670 - Nicholas II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1612)
- 1726 - Guillaume Delisle, French cartographer (b. 1726)
- 1733 - Gilbert Heathcote, Mayor of London
- 1751 - Paul Dudley, Attorney-General of Massachusetts (b. 1675)
- 1881 - Konstantin Thon, Russian architect (b. 1794)
- 1908 - Mikhail Chigorin, Russian chess player (b. 1850)
- 1908 - Ouida, English writer (b. 1839)
- 1925 - Ivan Vucetic, Croatian anthropologist (b. 1858)
- 1947 - Al Capone, American gangster (b. 1899)
- 1969 - Irene Castle, English dancer (b. 1887)
- 1970 - Jane Bathori, French mezzo-soprano (b. 1877)
- 1981 - Adele Astaire, American dancer (b. 1897)
- 1982 - Mikhail Suslov, Soviet politician (b. 1902)
- 1990 - Ava Gardner, American actress (b. 1922)
- 1994 - Stephen Cole Kleene, American mathematician (b. 1909)
- 1995 - Cal Jammer, American actor (b. 1960)
- 1996 - Jonathan Larson, American composer (b. 1960)
- 1999 - Robert Shaw, American conductor (b. 1916)
- 2004 - Fanny Blankers-Koen, Dutch athlete (b. 1918)
- 2004 - Miklós Fehér, Hungarian footballer (b. 1979)
- 2005 - Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (b. 1923)
- 2005 - William Augustus Bootle, American judge (b. 1902)
- 2005 - Philip Johnson, American architect (b. 1906)
- 2005 - Ray Peterson, American singer (b. 1935)
- 2005 - Nettie Witziers-Timmer, Dutch athlete (b. 1923)

Holidays and observances


- Catholicism and Anglicanism - Conversion of Saint Paul.
- Christian ecumenism — Week of Prayer for Christian Unity ends.
- Burns Night - Burns suppers are held in many parts of the world around this date.
- Tu Bishvat (Jewish holiday, 2005)
- Roman Empire - second day of the Sementivae in honour of Ceres and Terra
- Magnus_Manske_Day - The day in 2002 when Wikipedia switched to the new PHP software ("Phase II")
- Winter-een-mas - An annual celebration of games. Starts on January 25 and ends on January 31.

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/25 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.tnl.net/when/1/25 Today in History: January 25] ---- January 24 - January 26 - December 25 - February 25 — listing of all days ko:1월 25일 ms:25 Januari ja:1月25日 simple:January 25 th:25 มกราคม

United States

:For alternative meanings, see the disambiguation page for US, USA, United States, or American. The United States of America is a federal democratic republic situated primarily in central North America. It comprises 50 states and one federal district, and has several territories. It is also referred to, with varying formality, as the United States, the U.S., the U.S.A., the States, or simply and most commonly, America. The official founding date of the United States is July 4, 1776, when the Second Continental Congress—representing thirteen British colonies—adopted the Declaration of Independence. However, the structure of the government was profoundly changed in 1788, when the states replaced the Articles of Confederation with the United States Constitution. The date on which each of the fifty states adopted the Constitution is typically regarded as the date that state "entered the Union" (became part of the United States). Since the mid-20th century, following World War II, the United States has emerged as a dominant global influence in economic, political, military, scientific, technological, and cultural affairs.

Geography and climate

The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and territorial water boundaries with Canada, Russia, the Bahamas, and numerous smaller nations. It is otherwise bounded by the Pacific Ocean and the Bering Sea, in the west; the Arctic Ocean, in the northernmost areas; and the Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea, in the eastern and southeastern areas. Forty-eight of the states are in the single region between Canada and Mexico; this group is referred to, with varying precision and formality, as the continental or contiguous United States, sometimes abbreviated CONUS, and as the Lower 48. Alaska, which is not included in the term contiguous United States, is at the northwestern end of North America, separated from the Lower 48 by Canada. The archipelago of Hawaii is in the Pacific Ocean. The capital city, Washington, District of Columbia is a federal district located on land donated by the state of Maryland. (Virginia also donated land, but it was returned in 1847.) The United States also has overseas territories with varying levels of independence and organization. When inland water is included in the total area, only Russia and Canada are larger than the United States; if inland water is excluded, China ranks third and the U.S. ranks fourth. The United States' total area is 3,718,711 square miles (9,631,418 km²), of which land makes up 3,537,438 square miles (9,161,923 km²) and water makes up 181,273 square miles (469,495 km²). The United States' landscape is one of the most varied among those of the world's nations: among its many features are temperate forestland and rolling hills, on the east coast; mangrove, in Florida; the Great Plains, in the center of the country; the Mississippi–Missouri river system; the Great Lakes, four of the five of which are shared with Canada; the Rocky Mountains, west of the Great Plains; deserts and temperate coastal zones, west of the Rocky Mountains; and temperate rain forests, in the Pacific northwest. Alaska's tundra, and the volcanic, tropical islands of Hawaii add to the geographic diversity. Hawaii The climate varies along with the landscape, from tropical in Hawaii and southern Florida to tundra in Alaska and atop some of the highest mountains. Most of the North and East experience a temperate continental climate, with warm summers and cold winters. Most of the South experiences a subtropical humid climate with mild winters and long, hot, humid summers. Rainfall decreases markedly from the humid forests of the Eastern Great Plains to the semi-arid shortgrass prairies on the high plains abutting the Rocky Mountains. Arid deserts, including the Mojave, extend through the lowlands and valleys of the southwest, from westernmost Texas to California and northward throughout much of Nevada. Some parts of California have a Mediterranean climate. Rainforests line the windward mountains of the Pacific Northwest from Oregon to Alaska.

History

American history started with the migration of people from Asia across the Bering land bridge approximately 12,000 years ago following large animals that they hunted into the Americas. These Native Americans left evidence of their presence in petroglyphs, burial mounds, and other artifacts. It is estimated that 2-9 million people lived in the territory now occupied by the U.S. before European contact, and the subsequent introduction of foreign diseases such as small pox that greatly diminished the native populations. Some advanced societies were the Anasazi of the southwest, who inhabited Chaco Canyon, and the Woodland Indians, who built Cahokia, located near present-day St Louis, a city with a population of 40,000 at its peak in AD 1200. Vikings first visited North America around 1000, but did not settle permanently. Following the discovery voyages of Christopher Columbus around 1492, other Europeans began to explore and settle there. During the 1500s and 1600s, the Spanish settled parts of the present-day Southwest and Florida, founding St. Augustine, Florida in 1565 and Santa Fe (in what is now New Mexico) in 1607. The first successful English settlement was at Jamestown, Virginia, also in 1607. Within the next two decades, several Dutch settlements, including New Amsterdam (the predecessor to New York City), were established in what are now the states of New York and New Jersey. In 1637, Sweden established a colony at Fort Christina (in what is now Delaware), but lost the settlement to the Dutch in 1655. This was followed by extensive British settlement of the east coast. The British colonists remained relatively undisturbed by their home country until after the French and Indian War, when France ceded Canada and the Great Lakes region to Britain. Britain then imposed taxes on the 13 colonies, widely regarded by the colonists as unfair because they were denied representation in the British Parliament. Tensions between Britain and the colonists increased, and the thirteen colonies eventually rebelled against British rule. British Parliament, George Washington (1789-1797).]] In 1776, the 13 colonies split from Great Britain and formed the United States, the world's first constitutional and democratic federal republic, after their Declaration of Independence of that year, and the Revolutionary War (1775 to 1783). The original political structure was a confederation in 1777, ratified in 1781 as the Articles of Confederation. After long debate, this was supplanted by the Constitution in 1789, forming a more centralized federal government. Prior to all these was the Albany Congress in 1754, in which a union was first seriously proposed. From early colonial times, there was a shortage of labor, which encouraged unfree labor, particularly indentured servitude and slavery. In the mid-19th century, a major division occurred in the United States over the issue of states' rights and the expansion of slavery. The northern states had become opposed to slavery, while the southern states saw it as necessary for the continued success of southern agriculture and wanted it expanded to the territories. Several federal laws were passed in an attempt to settle the dispute, including the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The dispute reached a crisis in 1861, when seven southern states seceded1 from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America, leading to the Civil War. Soon after the war began, four more southern states seceded. During the war, Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, mandating the freedom of all slaves in states in rebellion, though full emancipation did not take place until after the end of