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Juilliard School

Juilliard School

The Juilliard School is a performing arts conservatory in New York City, informally identified as simply Juilliard, and most famous for its musically-trained alumni. Now located at Lincoln Center, the school instructs about 700 undergraduates and graduate students in music, dance, and drama. It is one of America's leading music conservatory and drama schools. The school was founded in 1905 as the Institute of Musical Art, located at Fifth Avenue and 12th Street. In its first year, the institute enrolled 500 students. It moved in 1910 to Claremont Avenue. In 1920, the Juilliard Foundation was created, named after textile merchant Augustus Juilliard who bequeathed a substantial amount for the advancement of music in the United States. Established in 1924, the foundation's Juilliard Graduate School merged with the Institute of Musical Art two years later. As of 1946, the combined schools were named The Juilliard School of Music. The president of the school at that time was William Schuman, the first winner of the Pulitzer Prize for music. The school gradually branched out, first adding a dance division and later one for drama, and since 1969, when it moved to the Lincoln Center, it carries its present name. In 2001, the school established a jazz performance training program. In September 2005, Sir Colin Davis conducted an orchestra which combined students from the Juilliard and London's Royal Academy of Music at the BBC Proms.

The Juilliard School Pre-College

A major part of the school, the Pre-College Division is that part of the school which teaches students that are enrolled in elementary, junior high, and high school. It does not teach beginners, but students who are advanced and have a wish to learn and become professional instrumentalists. Many faculty also teach in the College Division. The Pre-College Division is made up of several parts: orchestral instruments, composition, keyboard instruments, and vocal majors. The orchestral instrumentalists are put into three orchestra: The Pre-College Chamber Orchestra, The Pre-College Symphony, and The Pre-College Orchestra. The current director is Andrew Thomas, a noted composer and pianist. The Pre-College Division is held on every Saturday from September to May. It is housed in The Juilliard Building in Lincoln Center. Noted alumni include Yo-Yo Ma and Itzhak Perlman, who have also taught at the school.

Divisions


- Drama Divison
- Music Divison
- Dance Divison

Notable students


- Alexis Weissenberg, pianist
- Alexander Mishnaevski, violinist
- B.H. Haggin, music critic, studied piano at Juilliard
- Bebe Neuwirth, actress and singer
- Bernard Herrmann, composer
- Bradley Whitford, actor
- Charlotte Moorman, cellist
- Christopher Reeve, actor
- Clifton Matthews, pianist
- Cornelia Heard, violinist
- Eddie Gomez, jazz bassist
- Elizabeth McGovern, actress
- Eric Whitacre, composer
- Ezequiel Viñao, composer
- Gerard Schwarz, conductor
- Gigi Drums, composer
- Hazel Scott, pianist and singer
- Henry Grimes, double bassist.
- Itzhak Perlman, violinist
- James Ehnes, violinist
- James Marsters, actor
- John Barth, novelist, studied only briefly at Juilliard
- John Williams, composer
- Jordan Rudess, keyboardist and pianist
- Kevin Conroy, actor
- Kevin Kline, actor
- Kevin Spacey, actor
- Laura Linney, actress
- Lawrence Dutton, violist
- Ralph de Toledano, journalist and music critic
- Leo Brouwer, guitarist and composer
- Leonard Slatkin, conductor
- Leontyne Price, singer (soprano)
- Lera Auerbach, pianist and composer
- Marcia Cross, actress
- Margaret Leng Tan, pianist
- Masao Kawasaki, violinist
- Michael Balzary (Flea), bassist, but studied trumpet at Juilliard
- Michael Kamen, composer and oboist
- Midori Goto, violinist
- Miles Davis, jazz trumpeter (dropped out)
- Morena Baccarin, actress
- Nigel Kennedy, violinist
- Nina Simone, singer and pianist
- Patti LuPone, actress and singer
- Paul Taylor, choreographer
- Philip Glass, composer
- Pinchas Zukerman, violinist
- Raymond Scott, composer, bandleader, and inventor
- Renée Fleming, opera singer
- Robert Becker, violist
- Robert Craft, conductor
- Robert Duncan McNeill, actor
- Robert McDuffie, violinist
- Robert Ward, composer
- Robin Williams, actor, comedian
- Rosalyn Tureck, pianist and harpsichordist
- Sara Ramírez, actress
- Sarah Chang, violinist
- Stephen Hough, pianist
- Steve Reich, composer
- Takako Nishizaki, violinist
- Thelonious Monk, jazz pianist
- Vadim Gluzman, violinist
- Val Kilmer, actor
- Van Cliburn, pianist
- Ving Rhames, actor
- William Fitzpatrick, violinist
- William Hurt, actor
- Wynton Marsalis, trumpeter
- Yo-Yo Ma, cellist
- Robert Garland,Choreographer, Dance Theatre of Harlem

Notable teachers


- Christopher Durang, playwright
- Christopher Rouse, composer
- David Diamond, composer
- Dorothy Delay, violinist
- Elliott Carter, composer
- Henry Brant, composer
- Ivan Galamian, violinist
- Joe Alessi, trombonist
- Joel Krosnick, cellist
- John Houseman, actor, producer
- Josef Lhévinne, pianist
- Julius Baker, flutist
- Karen Tuttle, violist
- Kiki Wislon, singer-dancer
- Léon Theremin
- Lewis Kaplan, violinist
- Luciano Berio, composer, founded the Juilliard Ensemble
- Masao Kawasaki, violinist
- Peter Schickele, composer, humorist, best known for his P. D. Q. Bach character
- Robert Mann, violinist, Founder and first violinist of the Juilliard String Quartet
- Sally Thomas, violinist
- Sharon Isbin, guitarist
- Sixten Ehrling, conductor
- Stefan Wolpe, composer
- Teddy Wilson, pianist
- Tony Kushner, playwright
- Vincent Persichetti, composer
- William Schuman, composer, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Music, founder of the Juilliard String Quartet

External links


- [http://www.juilliard.edu/ The official website] of the Juilliard School. Category:Universities and colleges in New York City Category:Music schools in the United States Category:Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools Category:National Medal of Arts recipients ja:ジュリアード音楽院

Performing arts

The performing arts include theater, motion pictures, drama, comedy, music, dance, opera, magic and the marching arts, such as brass bands, etc. Artists who participate in these arts are called performers, including actors, comedians, singers, dancers, and musicians. There is also a specialized form of fine art in which the artist performs his or her work live to an audience. This is called Performance art. The performing arts differ from the plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face and/or presence as a medium while the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be molded or transformed to create some art object. Of course, most performance art also involves some form of plastic art, perhaps in the creation of props. Dance was often referred to as a plastic art during the Modern dance era. Performers often adapt their appearance by special clothing, stage makeup, etc. Theater arts are perform week

Lincoln Center

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a 15 acre (61,000 m²) complex of buildings in New York City which serves as home for 12 arts companies. It was built during Robert Moses's program of urban renewal in the 1960s. It was the first gathering of major cultural institutions into a centralized location in a United States city, and is located between Columbus and Amsterdam Avenues and between West 62nd and 66th Streets on the Upper West Side of Manhattan. Lincoln Center cultural institutions also make use of facilities located away from the main campus. In 2004 Lincoln Center was expanded through the addition of Jazz at Lincoln Center's newly built facilities (Frederick P. Rose Hall) at the new Time Warner Center, located a few blocks to the south.

Facilities


- Alice Tully Hall - 1,095-seat concert hall located within the Juilliard School building; home stage of The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center
- The Allen Room – 508-seat amphitheater with 50-foot glass wall overlooking Central Park; part of Jazz at Lincoln Center's facilities
- Avery Fisher Hall – 2,738-seat symphony hall; home stage of the New York Philharmonic; formerly Philharmonic Hall
- Church of St. Ignatius Loyola – Catholic Church located on Park Avenue between 83rd and 84th Streets on the Upper East Side; used by Lincoln Center for its great acoustics and its pipe organ (allowing expanded organ repertoire, since the Metropolitan Opera House is the only other venue with an organ)
- Clark Studio Theater – 120-seat dance theater; part of the facilities of the Lincoln Center Institute for the Arts in Education
- Damrosch Park – outdoor amphitheater with bowl-style stage
- Daniel and Joanna S. Rose Rehearsal Studio – rehearsal studio of The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center
- Dizzy's Club Coca-Cola – nightclub-style venue in the Jazz at Lincoln Center facility; allows jazz to be performed in its traditional venue
- Frederick P. Rose Hall – name for the Jazz at Lincoln Center venue at Time Warner Center; includes The Allen Room, Rose Theater, Dizzy’s Club Coca-Cola, and the Irene Diamond Education Center
- Irene Diamond Education Center – rehearsal, recording, and classroom facility at Jazz at Lincoln Center
- The Gerald W. Lynch Theater at John Jay College – theater at John Jay College of Criminal Justice; used for the Lincoln Center Great Performers series
- Josie Robertson Plaza – central plaza of Lincoln Center; the three main halls (opera, philharmonic, and ballet) face onto this plaza; sometimes used as an outdoor venue
- Juilliard Drama Theater
- The Juilliard School – facility housing the school of the same name; building also incorporates Alice Tully Hall, Morse Recital Hall, Paul Recital Hall, the Juilliard Drama Theater, and the Juilliard Theater
- Juilliard Theater
- La Guardia Concert Hall – concert hall in the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts, located across Amsterdam Avenue from Lincoln Center
- La Guardia Drama Theater – drama theater in the same school
- The Metropolitan Opera House – 3,900-seat opera house; home stage of the Metropolitan Opera
- Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater – 334-seat theater suitable for Off-Broadway-style productions; formerly The Forum
- Morse Recital Hall – recital hall within the Juilliard School facility
- New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
- The New York State Theater – 2,713-seat ballet theater; originally constructed to be the home stage of the New York City Ballet, now also serves as home to the New York City Opera
- Paul Recital Hall – recital hall within the Juilliard School facility
- Paul Milstein Plaza – plaza that acts as a sky-bridge over 65th Street connecting Lincoln Center to the Juilliard School facility
- Rose Theater – 1,094-seat concert hall designed for jazz performances
- Stanley H. Kaplan Penthouse – nightclub-style venue; used for intimate concerts, “meet the artist” events, lectures, and other events where a small, intimate space is preferred; was also used for jazz performances prior to the construction of the new Jazz at Lincoln Center facilities; now used for
- Vivian Beaumont Theater – 1,047-seat Broadway-style theater
- The Walter Reade Theatre – 268-seat movie theater; used by The Film Society of Lincoln Center

Resident companies

Lincoln Center houses several cultural companies and institutions, including:
- The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center
- The Film Society of Lincoln Center (sponsor of the New York Film Festival)
- Jazz at Lincoln Center
- The Juilliard School
- Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc., also called "Lincoln Center Presents"
- Lincoln Center Theater
- Metropolitan Opera
- New York City Ballet
- New York City Opera
- New York Philharmonic
- The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
- School of American Ballet

Architects

Architects who designed buildings at Lincoln Center include:
- Max Abramovitz - Avery Fisher Hall
- Pietro Belluschi - The Juilliard School
- Gordon Bunshaft - The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
- Wallace Harrison - Master plan & Metropolitan Opera House
- Philip Johnson - New York State Theater
- Eero Saarinen - Vivian Beaumont Theater

Historical events


- April 21, 1955 - Lincoln Square designated for urban renewal.
- May 14, 1959 - Ground breaking ceremony.
- September 23, 1962 - Philharmonic Hall opened.
- September 2, 1986 - Former Jewish Defense League National Chairman Chaim Ben Pesach throws a tear gas grenade during a performance of Soviet ballet in the Metropolitan Opera House as a protest against the Soviet practice of not letting its Jews immigrate to Israel.

See also


- List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City

External links


- [http://www.lincolncenter.org Lincoln Center official website] Category:New York City culture Category:New York City landmarks Category:Manhattan Category:Arts centres Category:Buildings and monuments honoring American Presidents



Drama

:This article refers to the art form. For the town, see Drama, Greece. Drama is a term generally used to refer to a literary form involving parts written for actors to perform. Dramas can be performed in a variety of media: live performance, film, or television. "Closet dramas" are works written in the same form as plays (with dialogue, scenes, and "stage directions"), but meant to be read rather than staged; examples include the plays of Seneca, Manfred by George Gordon Byron, and Prometheus Unbound by Percy Bysshe Shelley. Other dramatic literature may not resemble plays at all, such as the Imaginary Conversations of Walter Savage Landor. Drama is a Greek word meaning `action', drawn from the Greek verb dran, `to do'. Greek tragedians applied it to the plays they wrote; Euripides is portrayed in the Acharnians of Aristophanes crying out, "Oimoi ta dramata!" (Oh no what's become of my plays).

The problem with the term

There are many forms of drama. It may be helpful to imagine drama as an umbrella, with all of its subforms underneath it. Theatre is one of these forms. It is the act of drama, a dramatisation, if you will. It has a unique ability to allow us to play, allowing us to be another person or in a situation that we would not normally encounter such as, being a general in a war. This is what makes Drama a great way of teaching, learning, and growing as a person. Drama has a holistic way of teaching people. Whether it be in a play or by partaking in a role-play situation, we learn through interactions with others--this allows participants to not only learn facts as they would from a book or in a classroom, but to enter the world of another person, to be allowed to explore how they feel about this situation or person, whether it be a war-torn town or the wolf in the Three Little Pigs. Every interaction with another character or situation gives a greater understanding of what is happening around us. In a drama session with primary children on the subject of homelessness, the class was asked to enter its own classroom, but to imagine that it was a back lane where a homeless person lived. The class was given pieces of newspaper and was asked to place the newspaper so as to represent objects, such as a telephone, television, cat, and so forth. Through the drama, the children began to feel the isolation of this character, even though he never existed. The class added to the drama by giving each object a story, thereby creating a background for this person; the children worked together, respecting other ideas and not feeling pressured, the outcome being that they thought more about how hard it must be to live alone. They broadened their own perceptions of the world. This all occurred within the safety of the classroom, the group, and the drama. Drama has many uses in today's world. It is already used by therapists, and is being introduced more into schools as an alternative to just reading facts from a book.

Greek drama

The three types of drama composed in the city of Athens were tragedy, comedy, and satyr plays. The origins of Athenian tragedy and comedy are far from clear. We must understand that drama began for the Greeks as a part of religious ritual. The chorus seems to have originated first, with a leader, singing a song about some legendary hero; in later years the leader, rather than singing about the hero, began to impersonate him. Spoken dialogue between several actors was added, and the result was "tragedy" in the Greek form. The very first prize for tragedy went to Thespis in 534 BC. In fact, the two masks associated with drama with the smiling and frowning faces are both symbols of the Muses Thalia and Melpomene. Thalia is the Muse of Comedy (the smiling face), and Melpomene is the Muse of Tragedy (the frowning face).

The importance of Playing

If you look at a small child when they are playing they are enthralled with their own world, and through their actions, thoughts and the way they play they learn about themselves, others, and the world around them. Play allows them to act out new situations, try out new ways of doing things and by doing so learn. When people grow up the idea of play becomes less important, entering into the imagination becomes more difficult and the idea of play can go out of the window all together. However this is where Drama has the unique and undeniable ability to help others learn and grow as individuals, as it allows them to play. Through playing we can once again try out situations, whether it be for a job interview by live action role-playing (aka. LARP), or just to think about new ideas, we can also gain confidence in ourselves and learn to trust others. Playing allows us to imagine, and to use our imagination to our advantage. Playing is also an important part in therapy, again entering the imagination and allowing ourselves to pretend and to think of things in other ways, which is why Drama therapy is such a good form of treatment for people who have had severe emotional, and psychological problems. It is important to note that, as do most psychologists who adopt a Scientist-Practitioner model, the evidence to support therapeutic efficacy of Drama therapy is anecdotal rather than scientific. Play and Drama are synonymous; even actors were originally called players, since they act out plays (as in, to play the role).

Drama as a tool for education

There are many forms of Educational drama these all share one common goal, to create awareness or an understanding of an idea, or issue.The following is a few examples of the main forms in which drama is used as a tool for education. T.I.E. (Theatre in education). This is the typical image of drama, seen highly throughout the 1960s to 1990s. Usually performed for youth groups, or schools by a drama group this form of theatre was usually a devised piece which used abstract ideas to communicate a message, it follows in the tradition of plays seen throughout history such as morality plays like Everyman. This form of theatre could also be compared to commedia del arte, and other such travelling forms of theatre. Pantomime. These stories follow in the tradition of fables and folk tales, usually there is a lesson learned, and with some help from the audience the hero/heroine saves the day. This kind of play uses stock characters seen in masque and again commedia del arte, these characters include the villain(doctore) the clown/servant(Arlechino/Harlequin/buttons) the lovers etc. These plays usually have an emphasis on moral dilemnas, and good always triumphs over evil, this kind of play is also very entertaining making it a very effective way of reaching many people. D.I.E. (Drama in Education). Unlike Theatre in education, D.I.E. is based more upon workshops, and the group creating their own scenarios, ideas and even subject matter through the use of Drama and Drama workshops. Sometimes this kind of work may lead to the creation of a play, or a piece of T.I.E or some other kind of means to show a result from the work. Drama in Education utilises skills used across the spectrum of dramatic activity, everything from teacher in role to normal theatrical conventions of audience and spectator. D.I.E is usually run in youth clubs, schools, community centres etc. D.I.E. involves a high amount of participation by the group, and is therefore aimed for smaller groups of individuals.

Workshops

A workshop is a situation where a group is allowed to explore and think about an issue, a book, a thought, a play, anything. Within drama terms it is an active situation with a lot of learning and experiencing. Drama workshops have many different styles and approaches much like any group activity, this style and approach is determined by the group's willingness to participate, the frame and distance that they are from the drama is usually the holding form for the session, in the example shown through teacher in role we see the group are "framed" as social workers and because of their role in the drama they are at a very close distance, if the group were older at age 14-17 say then they would be less likely to enter into the drama and a more suitable frame would have to be chosen. For example instead of social workers they could become reporters, which would allow them to remain at the spectator end of the drama and give them chance to reflect on the conditions surrounding events. However this does not mean that the group always have to have a frame, they can remain themselves and still participate in the drama, allowing them to think about how they feel about the situation. In this case the group may enter the drama as themselves and how they would act in a situation, or explore being characters in a situation and what is making them act the way they are, comparing them to situations that they could imagine being in. The important thing about drama workshops is to allow the group to play, and through playing learn.

The difference between drama and theatre

In the field of theatrical performance and dramatic expression, there is a tendency to use the terms "drama" and "theater" synonomously. The terms are problematic and can be open to confusing usage. Strictly speaking, however, the terms refer to different qualities or aspects of dramatic expression. Note this following quote from Bernie Warren: :Most people tend to equate drama with theater. However, there are subtle but important differences between the two. Theater is a collective art. Theater requires many people — actors, writers, designers, technicians, etc. — all working together in a period of rehearsal and creative exploration towards a common goal. Whatever the benefits experienced by participants along the way, theater is evaluated by how well the performance communicates to its audience. :Drama is an individual pursuit undertaken within a social context. Defined by human action and interaction, drama is primarily concerned with what happens to participants while they are engaged in activity. It is an extension of children’s play and, like that play, is often free and spontaneous. Drama has no fixed end product, no right or wrong way of doing. As a result, its effects, unlike theater performances, are often unique and unrepeatable. Above all, dramatic experience is a very human activity— one that reaffirms “I exist. My life has meaning.” :(Bernie Warren with Tim Dunne, Drama Games. Captus Press, 1989, p.2) Drama (or dramatization) could also be a prose or verse composition telling a story which shows life or character through conflict and emotions. It is usually performed by actors and actresses in a theatrical setting, but can also refer to pre-recorded television programs or opera. In sum, "drama" is a generic term for creative play and imaginative taking on of a role, whereas, theatre "requires" an audience and sometimes the technicalities of performance for an audience. With theatre we are concerned with individuals, with drama we are concerned with the individuality of the individuals.

See also


- Teacher in role: Teaching using drama, a practical application
- Constructivism: Theories in education
- Drama therapy: using drama to work through emotional problems
- Role playing: The use of character, and situations
- Frames and distance: The level at which an audience, or class enter into a dramatic situation
- Drama Workshops: Using drama to explore issues/events
- Imagined experience: Learning from experiences which we have imagined
- Dramatic convention: Implicit agreements between actors/dramtists and audience/drama groups.
- Literature: (for a general discussion)
- Aristotle's Poetics
- Shakespeare
- Dramatists (for individual authors)
- Dramaturgy: for the editorial assistance given to dramatists
- the entries on the various subgenres such as comedy, tragedy, tragicomedy, farce, romance, courtroom drama, etc.
- Casting drama
- Melodrama
- In-yer-face theatre
- Opera
- Soap opera
- BBC television drama
- Flash drama
- Natya Shastra

External links


- [http://www.empirecontact.com/magicstar/index.html Magic Star of Dramatic Writing], a compilation of the wisdom of contemporary and classical experts on dramatic writing, including a discussion of concept, character, story, dialogue, and action.
- [http://mrspock.marion.ohio-state.edu/dickson2002/greek%20&%20roman%20drama%20timeline.htm Greek & Roman Drama Timeline]
- [http://www.arlymasks.com/timeline.htm Greek & Roman Mask Timeline] Category:Theatre Category:Arts ja:ドラマ ko:드라마

1905

1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).

Events

January-April


- January 2 - Russo-Japanese War: The Russian Army surrenders at Port Arthur, China; an event which shocked the world.
- January 22 - Massacre of Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in Saint Petersburg, one of the triggers of the abortive Russian Revolution of 1905.
- January 26 - The Cullinan Diamond is found near Pretoria, South Africa at the Premier Mine.
- February 10 - Bomb kills grand duke Sergei in Moscow
- February 18 - Tsar orders A. G. Bulygin, the new minister of internal affairs, to make a plan for representative assembly
- February 23 - Foundation of Rotary International
- February 24 - Workmen from the Italian side of the Simplon Tunnel under the Swiss Alps break through the Swiss side
- March 1 - Australian Conservative leader Richard Butler takes office as Premier of South Australia
- March 3 - Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the Duma).
- March 5 - Russian troops begin to retreat from Mukden, Manchuria after losing 100,000 troops in 3 days.
- March 10 Japanese capture of Mukden (now Shenyang) completes rout of Russian armies in Manchuria.
- March 10 - Cassie Chadwick sentenced for 14 years in Cleveland for fraud
- March 17 - Albert Einstein publishes his paper "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light" in which he explains the photoelectric effect using the notion of light quanta
- March 31 - During his visit in Morocco, German emperor William II asserts German equality with France in Morocco, triggering the Tangier (or First Moroccan) Crisis.
- April 2 - The Simplon Tunnel dedicated
- April 4 - In India, an earthquake near Kangra, kills 20,000.
- April - Albert Einstein works on the special theory of relativity as well as the theory of Brownian motion

May-October


- May 8 - In Russia, Union of Unions, an umbrella group for newly-formed Russian trade and professional organizations, is found with Paul Milyakov as its leader
- May 11 - Albert Einstein submits his doctoral dissertation "On the Motion of Small Particles..." where he explains the Brownian motion
- May 13 - Mata Hari debuts in Paris
- May 15 - Las Vegas, Nevada is founded when 110 acres (0.4 km²), in what later would become downtown, are auctioned off.
- May 27-28 - Russo-Japanese War: Battle of Tsushima - The Japanese fleet under Admiral Heihachiro Togo destroys Russian fleet under Admiral Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski in this two day battle
- June 7 - The Norwegian Parliament declares the union with Sweden dissolved, thus Norway achieves its independence.
- June 14-15 - Mutiny in the Russian ironclad Potemkin
- June 15 - Princess Margaret of Connaught marries Gustav, Crown Prince of Sweden.
- June 30 - Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" where he discovers special relativity.
- July 6 - Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
- July 11 - July 14 - first meeting of the Niagara Movement
- August 13 - Norway holds referendum in favour of dissolving the union with Sweden.
- August 20 - Lord Curzon resigns as viceroy of India
- September 1 - The Canadian province of Alberta is established from the southwestern part of the Northwest Territories.
- September 4 - The Canadian province of Saskatchewan is established.
- September 5 - Russo-Japanese War: Treaty of Portsmouth signed - In New Hampshire a treaty mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt, is signed by victor Japan and defeated party Russia. In the agreement, Russia cedes the island of Sakhalin and port and rail rights in Manchuria to Japan.
- September 20 - Printer's strike in Moscow
- October 3 - HMS Dreadnought is laid down, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
- October 13 - St. Petersburg Soviet of worker's deputies formed
- October 17 - Russian chief minister Sergei Witte announces October Manifesto, plan for representative assembly, increased voting rights and freedom of speech, religion and association
- October 18 - Naval students demonstrate in St Petersburg
- October 26 - Sweden agrees to the repeal of the union with Norway. King Oscar II abdicates the Norwegian throne.
- October 30 - Tsar Nicholas II is forced to grant Russia's first constitution, conceding a national assembly (Duma) with limited powers.
- October 31 - Local peasants in Volokolamsk declare the Markovo Republic (Russian troops overrun it July 18 1906)
- 70 Onion Johnnies die when the steamer Hilda sinks off France.

November-December


- November 9 - The Province of Alberta, Canada holds its 1st General Election.
- November 18 - Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.
- November 21 - Moscow soviet formed
- November 28 - Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin in Dublin as a political party whose goal is the independence for all of Ireland.
- December 6 - St Petersburg soviet calls for a general strike
- December 8 - Armed uprising in Moscow is defeated
- December 9 - In Novorossiisk in Siberia, local Socialist Soviet declares independence. 19 days later Russian artillery forces them to surrender
- December 30 - Bomb kills Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of Idaho. Case leads to a trial again

Births

January-April


- January 2 - Michael Tippett, English composer (d. 1998)
- January 3 - Anna May Wong, American actress (d. 1961)
- January 12 - Tex Ritter, American actor and singer (d. 1974)
- January 18 - Joseph Bonanno, American gangster (d. 2002)
- January 21 - Christian Dior, French couturier (d. 1957)
- January 26 - Charles Lane, American actor
- January 26 - Maria von Trapp, Austrian singer (d. 1987)
- January 29 - Barnett Newman, American painter (d. 1970)
- January 31 - John O'Hara, American writer (d. 1970)
- February 1 - Emilio G. Segrè, Italian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
- February 2 - Ayn Rand, American author (d. 1982)
- February 7 - Paul Nizan, French author (d. 1940)
- February 14 - Thelma Ritter, American actress (d. 1969)
- February 15 - Harold Arlen, American composer of popular music (d. 1986)
- February 23 - Derrick Henry Lehmer, American mathematician (d. 1991)
- February 27 - Franchot Tone, American actor (d. 1968)
- March 6 - Bob Wills, American singer (d. 1975)
- March 15 - Berthold Graf Schenk von Stauffenberg, German lawyer and Nazi opponent (d. 1944)
- March 16 - Elisabeth Flickenschildt, German actress (d. 1977)
- March 18 - Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (d. 1985)
- March 18 - Robert Donat, English actor (d. 1958)
- March 18 - Benny Friedman, American football player (d. 1982)
- March 19 - Albert Speer, Nazi official (d. 1981)
- March 23 - Lale Andersen, German singer (d. 1972)
- March 23 - Joan Crawford, American actress (d. 1977)
- March 27 - Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (d. 1980)
- April 18 - George H. Hitchings, American scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1998)
- April 21 - Edmund G. Brown, Govenor of California (d. 1996)

May-August


- May 3 - Sebastian Shaw, English actor (d. 1994)
- May 8 - Red Nichols, American jazz musician (d. 1965)
- May 15 - Joseph Cotten, American actor (d. 1994)
- May 16 - Henry Fonda, American actor (d. 1982)
- June 12 - Ray Barbuti, American athlete (d. 1975)
- July 4 - Irving Johnson, American sail training pioneer (d. 1991)
- July 5 - Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (d. 1935)
- July 12 - Edward Bernds, American director (d. 2000)
- July 12 - Prince John of the United Kingdom (d. 1919)
- July 15 - Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (d. 1988)
- July 22 - Doc Cramer, Major League Baseball player (d. 1990)
- July 25 - Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born British writer (d. 1994)
- July 29 - Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish United Nations Secretary-General, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1961)
- August 2 - Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (d. 1963)
- August 3 - Franz König, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Vienna (d. 2004)
- August 8 - André Jolivet, French composer (d. 1974)
- August 11 - Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (d. 2002)
- August 16 - Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician and cryptologist (d. 1980)
- August 20 - Jean Gebser, author, linguist and poet (d. 1973)
- August 21 - Friz Freleng, American animator (d. 1995)
- August 23 - Constant Lambert, British composer (d. 1951)
- August 29 - Dhyan Chand, Indian hockey legend. (d. 1979)
- August 31 - Dore Schary, American film writer, director, and producer (d. 1980)

September-December


- September 1 - Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d.2000)
- September 3 - Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- September 18 - Eddie Anderson, American actor (d. 1977)
- September 18 - Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d. 1990)
- September 22 - Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d. 1964)
- September 24 - Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
- September 30 - Savitri Devi, Greek writer and philosopher (d. 1982)
- September 30 - Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1996)
- September 30 - Michael Powell, British director (d. 1990)
- October 5 - Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (d. 1998)
- October 23 - Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)
- November 7 - William Alwyn, English composer (d. 1985)
- November 9 - Erika Mann, German writer and oldest daughter of Thomas Mann (d. 1969)
- November 15 - Mantovani, Italian-born conductor and arranger (d. 1980)
- November 17 - Queen Astrid of Belgium (d. 1935)
- November 26 - Bob Johnson, baseball player (d. 1982)
- December 11 - Gilbert Rowland, Mexican-born American actor (d. 1994)
- December 24 - Howard Hughes, American film maker, industrialist, aircraft designer, and airline founder (d. 1976)
- December 27 - Leonard Goldenson, American television executive (d. 1999)
- December 30 - Jule Styne, English-born composer (d. 1994)

Unknown dates


- Sada Abe, Japanese actress (d. 1970)

Deaths


- January 14 - Ernst Abbe, German physicist (b. 1840)
- January 19 - Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (b. 1817)
- February 4 - Louis-Ernest Barrias, French sculptor (b. 1841)
- March 6 - John Henninger Reagan, American Confederate politician (b. 1818)
- March 24 - Jules Verne, French author (b. 1828)
- June 22 - Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (b. 1815)
- July 8 - Walter Kittredge, American musician and composer (b. 1834)
- August 14 - Simeon Solomon, British artist (b. 1840)
- September 18 - George MacDonald, Scottish author and poet, Christian minister (b. 1824)
- October 13 - Henry Irving, English actor (b. 1838)
- October 29 - Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian athlete (b. 1873)
- Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian philosopher and jurist (b. 1849)

Nobel Prizes


- Physics - Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
- Chemistry - Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
- Physiology or Medicine - Robert Koch
- Literature - Henryk Sienkiewicz
- Peace - Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner Category:1905

1910

1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).

Events

January-April


- January - In Greece, the Military League forces parliament and George I of Greece to summon National Assembly to revise Constitution.
- January 15 - In the United Kingdom, General Election held in response to House of Lords rejection of the (1909) budget results in reduced Liberal Party majority (Liberals, 275 seats; Labour, 40; Irish Nationalists, 82; Unionists (the title then preferred by the British Conservative Party), 273).
- January 16 - Constant rains in Paris, France cause the Seine to overflow its banks, flooding the city. All but one line of the Paris Métro become filled with water, effectively draining water from the city.
- February 20 - Boutros Ghali, first native born prime minister of Egypt, assassinated.
- March - Uprising against Ottoman rule breaks out in Albania.
- March 19 - In America, Republicans reduce the powers of the Speaker of the House of Representatives to influence Committee membership.
- April - Albanian revolt suppressed by Turkish army.
- April 27 - Louis Botha and James Hertzog (James Barry Munnik Hertzog) found South Africa Party.
- April 27 - British House of Commons passes David Lloyd George's (1909) 'People's Budget' for second time; passed by House of Lords, 28 April
- April 29 - Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.

May-July


- May 6 - George V becomes King of the United Kingdom upon the death of his father, Edward VII.
- May 11 - U.S. Congress establishes Glacier National Park in Montana.
- May 16 - The U.S. Congress authorizes the creation of the United States Bureau of Mines.
- May 18 - The earth passes through the tail of Comet Halley.
- May 31 - creation of the Union of South Africa.
- June - Edinburgh Missionary Conference is held in Scotland, presided over by Nobel Peace Prize recipient John R. Mott, launching the modern ecumenical movement and the modern missions movement.
- June 22 - First flight of Zeppelin airship.
- July 2 - Demonstrations in France against public executions.
- July 4 - African-American boxer Jack Johnson knocks out white boxer James J. Jeffries in a heavyweight boxing match sparking race riots across the United States.
- July 24 - James MacGillivray publishes first account of Paul Bunyan in the Detroit News.

August-October


- August 14 - fire at World Exhibition in Brussels destroys exhibitions of Britain and France.
- August 22 - Japan annexes Korea.
- August 28 - Montenegro is proclaimed an independent kingdom under Nicholas I.
- September 1 - the Vatican introduces a compulsory oath against modernism, to be taken by all priests upon ordination.
- September 16 - Australian Treasury given power to issue currency
- October 1 - bomb explodes on the Los Angeles Times building - 21 dead, several injured. James B. McNamara and Joseph J. McNamara later arrested and sentenced.
- October 5 - Portugal becomes a republic. King Manuel II of Portugal flees to England.
- October 10 - Tau Epsilon Phi Fraternity is established at Columbia University.
- October 18 - Eleutherios Venizelos becomes prime minister of Greece.

November-December


- November 7 - First air flight for the purpose of delivering commercial freight occurs between Dayton, Ohio and Columbus, Ohio by the Wright Brothers and department store owner Max Moorehouse.
- November 20 - Mexican Revolution: Francisco I. Madero denounces President Porfirio Díaz, declares himself president, and calls for a revolution to overthrow the government of Mexico.
- November 23 - Last execution in Sweden (by guillotine) - murderer Johan Ander
- December - British Prime Minister Asquith makes second appeal in the same year to the electorate to resolve battle of wills with the House of Lords (Liberals, 272; Labour, 42; Irish Nationalists, 84; Unionists, 272 - making a majority of 126 for restriction of the powers of the Lords and for Irish Home Rule).
- December 12 - New York socialite Dorothy Arnold disappears. Her family does not notify the police until six weeks later, after their own investigations have come to nothing
- December 16 - Henri Coanda makes first short flight in a plane with a jet engine.
- December 16 - In Houndsditch, London, four (Latvian) anarchists shoot three policemen in botched raid on a jewellers - three are arrested, other members of the gang escape but are later (January 1911) cornered in the 'siege of Sidney Street'.

Unknown dates

Births

January-April


- January 5 - Jack Lovelock, New Zealand athlete (d. 1949)
- January 7 - Orval Faubus, Governor of Arkansas (d. 1994)
- January 8 - Galina Sergeyevna Ulanova, Russian dancer (d. 1998)
- January 12 - Luise Rainer, German-born actress
- January 16 - Dizzy Dean, baseball player (d. 1974)
- January 23 - Django Reinhardt, Belgian guitarist (d. 1953)
- January 30 - C Subramaniam, Indian politician ( d. 2000)
- February 5 - Francisco Varallo, Argentine footballer
- February 6 - Irmgard Keun, German author (d. 1982)
- February 9 - Jacques Monod, French biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1976)
- February 10 - Georges Pire, Belgian monk, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1969)
- February 13 - William Shockley, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1989)
- February 27 - Joan Bennett, American actress (d. 1990)
- March 1 - Archer John Porter Martin, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2002)
- March 1 - David Niven, English actor (d. 1983)
- March 9 - Samuel Barber, American composer (d. 1981)
- March 11 - Robert Havemann, German chemist (d. 1982)
- March 13 - Karl Gustav Ahlefeldt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
- March 23 - Akira Kurosawa, Japanese screenwriter, producer, and director (d. 1998)
- March 28 - Frederick Baldwin Adams, Jr. Bibliophile and director of the Pierpont Morgan Library (d. 2001)
- April 10 - Ivan Goff, Australian screenwriter (d. 1999)
- April 10 - Paul Sweezy, American economist and editor (d. 2004)
- April 23 - Simone Simon, French actress (d. 2005)

May-August


- May 12 - Charles B. Fulton, American jurist (d. 1996)
- May 12 - Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1994)
- May 22 - Johnny Olson, American game show announcer (d. 1985)
- May 23 - Scatman Crothers, American actor and musician (d. 1986)
- May 23 - Artie Shaw, American clarinetist and bandleader (d. 2004)
- May 28 - T-Bone Walker, American blues singer (d. 1976)
- May 30 - Ralph Metcalfe, American athlete (d. 1978)
- May 30 - Inge Meysel, German actress (d. 2004)
- June 8 - Fernand Fonssagrives, French photographer (d. 2003)
- June 12 - Bill Naughton, British playwright (d. 1992)
- June 14 - Rudolf Kempe, German conductor (d. 1976)
- June 18 - E.G. Marshall, American actor (d. 1998)
- June 19 - Paul Flory, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)
- June 22 - Peter Pears, English tenor (d. 1986)
- June 23 - Jean Anouilh, French dramatist (d. 1987)
- June 23 - Peaches Browning, American actress (d. 1956)
- June 23 - Gordon B. Hinckley, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
- July 4 - Gloria Stuart, American actress
- July 11 - Irene Hervey, American actress (d. 1998)
- July 14 - Vincent Brome, English biographer and novelist (d. 2004)
- July 14 - William Hanna, American animator (d. 2001)
- July 30 - Edgar de Evia, American photographer (d. 2003)
- August 14 - Pierre Schaeffer, French composer (d. 1995)
- August 27 - Mother Teresa, Albanian nun and humanitarian, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1997)
- August 28 - Tjalling Koopmans, Dutch economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1985)

September-December


- September 16 - Karl Kling, German race car driver (d. 2003)
- September 23 - Elliott Roosevelt, American author and World War II hero (d. 1990)
- October 8 - Ray Lewis, Canadian runner (d. 2003)
- October 14 - John Wooden, American basketball coach
- October 19 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
- October 27 - Jack Carson, Canadian actor (d. 1963)
- November 14 - Eric Malpass, English novelist (d. 1996)
- December 1 - Alicia Markova, English ballerina (d. 2004)
- December 11- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hari_Singh%2C_Inspector_General_of_Forests_of_India Hari Singh] , Inspector General of Forests of India (d. 2003)
- December 15 - John Hammond, American record producer (d. 1987)
- December 19 - Jean Genet, French writer (d. 1986)
- December 29 - Frank Abbandando, American gangster (d. 1942)
- December 29 - Michel Aflaq, Syrian political theorist, founder of Ba'athism (d. 1989)
- December 29 - Ronald Coase, British economicst, Nobel Prize laureate
- December 29 - Konsta Jylhä, Finnish violinist (d. 1984)
- December 30 - Paul Bowles, American author (d. 1999)

Deaths


- January 27 - Thomas Crapper, English inventor (b. 1836)
- March 26 - An Jung-geun, assassin of Japanese politician Ito Hirobumi (executed) (b. 1879)
- April 21 - Mark Twain, American novelist (b. 1835)
- April 26 - Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Norwegian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1832)
- May 6 - King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (b. 1841)
- May 18 - Pauline Garcia-Viardot, French mezzo-soprano and composer (b. 1821)
- May 27 - Robert Koch, German physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1843)
- May 29 - Mily Balakirev, Russian composer (b. 1837)
- May 31 - Elizabeth Blackwell, first female physician in the United States (b. 1821)
- July 4 - Giovanni Schiaparelli, Italian astronomer (b. 1835)
- July 12 - Charles Stewart Rolls, British aviator and automobile manufacturer (b. 1877)
- July 19 - Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (b. 1812)
- August 13 - Florence Nightingale, English nurse (b. 1820)
- September 2 - Henri Rousseau, French painter (b. 1844)
- October 15 - Stanley Ketchel, American boxer (murdered) (b. 1886)
- October 23 - Chulalongkorn, King of Siam (b. 1853)
- October 30 - Jean Henri Dunant, Swiss founder of the Red Cross, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1828)
- November 6 - Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot and writer (b. 1838)
- November 15 - Wilhelm Raabe, German writer (b. 1831)
- November 20 (N.S.) - Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer (b. 1828)

Nobel Prizes


- Chemistry - Otto Wallach
- Literature - Paul Heyse
- Medicine - Albrecht Kossel
- Peace - Permanent International Peace Bureau
- Physics - Johannes Diderik van der Waals
- ko:1910년 ms:1910 ja:1910年 simple:1910 th:พ.ศ. 2453

1946

1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. (see link for calendar)

Events

January


- January 4 - Theodore Schurch becomes the last person to be executed for offences committed under the Treachery Act of 1940
- January 7 - Allied recognize Austrian republic with 1937 borders - the country is divided into four occupation zones
- January 10 - First meeting of the United Nations
- January 11 - Enver Hoxha declares the people's republic of Albania with himself as prime minister.
- January 11 - Porfirio Barba-Jacob's ashes go back to Colombia.
- January 16 - Charles de Gaulle resigns as a head of a French provisional government
- January 17
  - The UN Security Council holds its first session
  - Senator Dennis Chavez (D-NM) calls for a vote on an FEPC bill which called for the end to discrimination in the work place. A filibuster prevents it from passing.
- January 20 - Charles De Gaulle resigns as president of France
- January 25 - The United Mine Workers rejoins the American Federation of Labor
- January 28 - Bluenose founders on a Haitian reef
- January 29 - CIA established
- January 31 - Yugoslavia's new constitution, modeling the Soviet Union, establishes six constituent republics (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia).

February

February
- February 1 - Trygve Lie of Norway is picked to be the first United Nations Secretary General.
- February 2 - Kingdom of Hungary becomes a republic.
- February 14 - The Bank of England nationalized
- February 14 - ENIAC (for "Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer"), the first general-purpose electronic computer, is unveiled at the University of Pennsylvania
- February 15 - Canada indicts 22 communist agents.
- February 24 - Juan Peron elected president of Argentina
- February 28 - In Philadelphia, strikers of General Electric and police clash

March


- March 2 - British troops withdraw from Iran according to treaty - Soviets do not.
- March 2 - Ho Chi Minh elected the President of North Vietnam
- March 4 - C.G.E. Mannerheim resigns from the post of president of Finland
- March 5 - In his speech in Fulton, Missouri, Winston Churchill talks about Iron Curtain.
- March 6 - Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh signs an agreement with France which recognizes Vietnam as an autonomous state in the Indochinese Federation and the French Union. David Gilmour, the guitarist of Pink Floyd is born.
- March 9 - Juho Kusti Paasikivi becomes president of Finland
- March 10 - British troops begin withdrawal from Lebanon
- March 15 - Clement Attlee promises independence to India as soon as they can agree on constitution
- March 19 - Soviet Union and Switzerland reform diplomatic relations.
- March 19 - French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Réunion become overseas départements of France
- March 22 - Transjordan gains independence
- March 29 - Gold Coast has an African majority in the parliament

April


- April 1 - 14-meter high tsunami strikes Hilo, Hawaii - 173 dead, thousands injured.
- April 1 - Formation of the Malayan Union.
- April 1 - Singapore becomes a Crown colony
- April 3 - Japanese Lt. General Masaharu Homma is executed outside Manila in the Philippines for leading the Bataan Death March.
- April 7 - Syria's independence from France is officially recognised
- April 10 - In Japan, women vote for the first time in parliamentarian elections
- April 18 - USA recognizes Josip Broz Tito's government in Yugoslavia
- April 18 - Last meeting of League of Nations – it transfers its mission to United Nations and disbands itself.
- April 29 - Trial against war criminals begin in Tokyo – accused include Hideki Tojo, Shigenori Togo and Hiroshi Oshima.

May


- May 4 - Paris Wine Tasting of 1976 revolutionizes wine world.
- May 2 - Six prisoners unsuccessfully try to escape from the Alcatraz prison island
- May 7 - Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering (later renamed Sony) is founded with about 20 employees.
- May 9 - King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy abdicates, and is succeeded by his son Humbert II.
- May 10 - Nehru elected leader of the Congress Party in India
- May 20 - In Britain, the House of Commons decides to nationalize mines.
- May 21 - Radiation accident in Los Alamos laboratory; Dr Louis Slotin saves his coworkers but receives a fatal dose of radiation. Incident is initially classified
- May 22 - Kingdom of Transjordan founded.
- May 25 - The parliament of Transjordan makes emir Abdullah their king.
-