Home About us Products Services Contact us Bookmark
:: wikimiki.org ::
Jules Dumont D'Urville

Jules Dumont d'Urville

right right]] Rear Admiral Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (May 23, 1790,Condé-sur-Noireau, France – May 8, 1842, Meudon, France) was a French explorer and naval officer, who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica. His first feat as an explorer, one which brought him much acclaim and proved to be his most significant discovery, occurred in 1820 during an expedition to the Greek islands. On that expedition, D'Urville recognized the true value of a recently unearthed statue as an ancient masterpiece that had been carved around the year 130 BC. He immediately arranged for the government of France to acquire one of the most valuable and famous statues in the world. The Venus de Milo now stands in the Louvre in Paris. In 1822 he sailed on a voyage around the world under Captain Duperrey, and brought home a very fine collection of animals and plants. In 1826 he was sent to the Pacific, surveyed the coasts of New Guinea, New Zealand, and other islands, and found out the probable place of the death of La Perouse. In 1837, on an expedition to the South Polar regions, he sailed along a coastal area of Antarctica that he named the Adélie Coast in honor of his wife. On his return in 1840, he was made rear admiral. Later, in honor of his many valuable chartings, the D'Urville Sea, off Antarctica, D'Urville Island, an island in the Joinville Island group in Antarctica, Cape d'Urville, Irian Jaya, Indonesia, and D'Urville Island in New Zealand were named after him. There is a street in Paris, Rue Dumont d'Urville, in the 8th district near the Champs-Élysées. Dumont d'Urville Station on Antarctica is also named after him. D'Urville was killed with his wife and son in a railroad accident near Meudon, France. He is buried in the Cimetière du Montparnasse, Paris, France. The account of his voyages was published in twenty-four volumes, with six large volumes of illustrations. d'Urville, Jules Dumont d'Urville, Jules Dumont D'Urville, Jules Dumont D'Urville, Jules Dumont D'Urville, Jules Dumont D'Urville, Jules Dumont

May 23

May 23 is the 143rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (144th in leap years). There are 222 days remaining.

Events


- 1430 - Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne
- 1498 - Girolamo Savonarola is executed on the orders of Pope Alexander VI
- 1533 - The marriage of King Henry VIII to Catherine of Aragon is declared null and void.
- 1541 - Jacques Cartier leaves St-Malo, France on his third voyage.
- 1555 - Paul IV becomes Pope.
- 1568 - Netherlands declared independence from Spain.
- 1568 - Dutch rebels led by Louis of Nassau, brother of William I of Orange, defeat Jean de Ligne, Duke of Aremberg and his loyalist troops in the Battle of Heiligerlee, opening the Eighty Years' War.
- 1609 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia takes place.
- 1618 - The Second Defenestration of Prague precipitates the Thirty Years' War.
- 1701 - After being convicted of piracy and of murdering William Moore, Captain William Kidd is hanged in London.
- 1788 - South Carolina becomes the 8th U.S. state to ratify the United States Constitution.
- 1805 - Napoleon Bonaparte is crowned King of Italy with the Iron Crown of Lombardy in the Cathedral of Milan.
- 1813 - South American independence leader Simón Bolívar enters Mérida, leading the invasion of Venezuela, and is proclaimed El Libertador ("The Liberator").
- 1844 - Persian Prophet The Báb announces His revelation, founding Bábism.
- 1865 - A parade is held in Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC, to celebrate the end of the American Civil War.
- 1873 - The Canadian Parliament establishes the North West Mounted Police, the forerunner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police.
- 1900 - American Civil War: Sergeant William Harvey Carney becomes the first African American to be awarded the Medal of Honor, for his heroism in the Assault on the Battery Wagner.
- 1906 - Wright brothers are granted U.S. patent number 821,393 for their "Flying-Machine".
- 1911 - Dedication ceremony for the New York Public Library.
- 1915 - World War I: Italy joins the Allies after they declare war on Austria-Hungary.
- 1923 - Launch of Belgium's SABENA airline.
- 1929 - The first talking cartoon of Mickey Mouse, The Karnival Kid, was released.
- 1934 - Near their hideout in Black Lake, Louisiana, bank robbers Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow are ambushed and shot dead by police.
- 1939 - The U.S. Navy submarine USS Squalus sinks off the coast of New Hampshire during a test dive, causing the death of 26 sailors. The remaining 32 crewmen and one passenger are rescued the following day.
- 1945 - Heinrich Himmler, the head of the SS, commits suicide while in Allied custody.
- 1949 - The Federal Republic of Germany is established, and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany proclaimed.
- 1958 - Explorer I ceases transmission.
- 1960 - Prime Minister of Israel David Ben-Gurion announces that Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann has been captured.
- 1962 - Drilling for the Montreal Metro commences.
- 1967 - Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran and blockades the port of Eilat at the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping, laying the foundations for the Six Day War.
- 1969 - Rock band The Who release Tommy, the first rock opera.
- 1977 - Two terrorist actions unfold in The Netherlands: Several dozen hostages are taken onboard a train, and about 100 others (mostly children) are held at a Dutch school. The train siege lasts until June 11.
- 1980 - Australian Oylmpic commitie decides to send a team to Moscow. Despite opposition by P.M Malcom Fraser
- 1985 - U.S. engineer Thomas Patrick Cavanagh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union.
- 1995 - Official announcement of the Java programming language.
- 1995 - Oklahoma City bombing: In Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, what remains of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building is imploded.
- 1997 - Mohammad Khatami is elected as President of Iran.
- 1998 - The Good Friday Agreement is accepted in a referendum, with a high margin of three-fourth 'yes' votes to Northern Ireland.
- 1999 - In Kansas City, Missouri, Owen Hart (playing The Blue Blazer) falls 90 feet to his death while being lowered into a World Wrestling Federation ring.
- 2002 - The "55 parties" clause of the Kyoto protocol is reached after its ratification by Iceland.
- 2003 - The euro exceeds its initial trading value as it hits $1.18 for the first time since its introduction in 1999.
- 2003 - 25-year-old Nepalese Sherpa, Pemba Dorjie Sherpa, makes the fastest-ever ascent of Mount Everest, in 12 hours 45 minutes. This is broken by his rival Sherpa Lakpa Gelu only three days later.
- 2004 - Part of Paris Charles De Gaulle International Airport Terminal 2E collapses, killing five people and injuring three others.

Births


- 1052 - King Philip I of France (d. 1108)
- 1100 - Emperor Qinzong of China (d. 1161)
- 1606 - Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish writer (d. 1682)
- 1617 - Elias Ashmole, English antiquarian (d. 1692)
- 1707 - Carolus Linnaeus, Swedish botanist (d. 1778)
- 1718 - William Hunter, Scottish anatomist (d.1783)
- 1729 - Giuseppe Parini, Italian writer (d.1799)
- 1790 - Jules Dumont d'Urville, French explorer (d. 1842)
- 1795 - Charles Barry , English architect (d. 1860)
- 1810 - Margaret Fuller, American journalist and feminist (d. 1850)
- 1820 - James Buchanan Eads, American engineer and inventor (d. 1887)
- 1824 - Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general (d. 1881)
- 1834 - Carl Heinrich Bloch, Danish painter (d. 1890)
- 1844 - `Abdu'l-Bahá, Persian founder of the Bahá'í Faith (d. 1921)
- 1848 - Otto Lilienthal, German aviation pioneer (d. 1896)
- 1875 - Alfred P. Sloan, American business professor (d. 1966
- 1879 - Dezső Lauber, Hungarian sportsman (d. 1966)
- 1883 - Douglas Fairbanks, American actor (d. 1939)
- 1884 - Corrado Gini, Italian sociologist (d. 1965)
- 1887 - Thoralf Skolem, Norwegian mathematician (d. 1963)
- 1888 - Zack Wheat, baseball player (d. 1972)
- 1890 - Herbert Marshall, English actor (d. 1966)
- 1891 - Pär Lagerkvist, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
- 1893 - Ulysses S. Grant IV, American geologist and paleontologist (d. 1977)
- 1898 - Scott O'Dell, American author (d. 1989)
- 1908 - John Bardeen, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
- 1910 - Margaret Wise Brown, American author (d. 1952)
- 1910 - Sir Hugh Casson, British architect and painter (d. 1999)
- 1910 - Scatman Crothers, American actor and musician (d. 1986)
- 1910 - Artie Shaw, American clarinetist and bandleader (d. 2004)
- 1912 - Jean Françaix, French composer (d. 1997)
- 1912 - John Payne, American actor (d. 1989)
- 1918 - Denis Compton, English cricketer (d. 1997)
- 1919 - Betty Garrett, American actress and dancer
- 1920 - Helen O'Connell, American singer (d. 1993)
- 1921 - James Blish, American author (d. 1975)
- 1921 - Humphrey Lyttelton, British musician
- 1925 - Joshua Lederberg, American molecular biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1928 - Rosemary Clooney, American singer and actress (d. 2002)
- 1931 - Barbara Barrie, American actress
- 1933 - Joan Collins, English actress
- 1934 - Dr. Robert Moog, American inventor
- 1936 - Charles Kimbrough, American actor
- 1939 - Reinhard Hauff, German film director
- 1943 - John Newcombe, Australian tennis player
- 1945 - Padmarajan, Indian film director (d. 1991)
- 1946 - Frederik de Groot, Dutch actor
- 1951 - Anatoly Karpov, Russian chess player
- 1952 - Anne-Marie David, French singer
- 1952 - Marvelous Marvin Hagler, American boxer
- 1956 - Ursula Plassnik, Austrian politician
- 1956 - Buck Showalter, baseball player and manager
- 1958 - Mitch Albom, American writer
- 1958 - Drew Carey, American actor and comedian
- 1961 - Karen Duffy, American actress
- 1963 - Wally Dallenbach Jr., American race car driver and announcer
- 1964 - Allan Kayser, American actor
- 1967 - Phil Selway, English drummer (Radiohead)
- 1972 - Rubens Barrichello, Brazilian race car driver
- 1974 - Ken Jennings, American game show contestant
- 1974 - Jewel, American singer
- 1974 - Monica Naranjo, Spanish singer
- 1977 - Ilia Kulik, Russian figure skater
- 1981 - Beanus McLure, Australian filmmaker
- 1982 - Malene Mortensen, Danish singer
- 1984 - Adam Wylie, American actor

Deaths


- 1125 - Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1081)
- 1304 - Jehan de Lescurel, French poet and composer
- 1498 - Girolamo Savonarola, Italian religious reformer and ruler of Florence (b. 1452)
- 1523 - Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shogun (b. 1466)
- 1524 - Ismail I, Shah of Persia (b. 1487)
- 1662 - John Gauden, English bishop and writer (b. 1605)
- 1670 - Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1610)
- 1691 - Adrien Auzout, French astronomer (b. 1622)
- 1701 - Captain Kidd, Scottish pirate (b. 1645)
- 1752 - William Bradford, British-born printer (b. 1663)
- 1754 - John Wood, the Elder, English architect (b. 1704)
- 1783 - James Otis, American lawyer and patriot (b. 1725)
- 1786 - Móric Beňovský, Slovak explorer
- 1825 - Ras Gugsa of Yejju, Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia
- 1841 - Franz Xaver von Baader, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1765)
- 1855 - Charles Robert Malden, English explorer (b. 1797)
- 1857 - Augustin Louis Cauchy, French mathematician
- 1868 - Kit Carson, American trapper, scout, and Indian agent (b. 1809)
- 1886 - Leopold von Ranke, German historian (b. 1795)
- 1893 - Anton von Schmerling, Austrian statesman (b. 1805)
- 1895 - Franz Ernst Neumann, German mineralogist and physicist (b. 1798)
- 1906 - Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian writer (b. 1828)
- 1920 - Svetozar Boroević, Austrian field marshal (b. 1856)
- 1933 - Clyde Barrow, American outlaw (b. 1909)
- 1933 - Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (b. 1910)
- 1937 - John D. Rockefeller, American entrepreneur (b. 1839)
- 1945 - Heinrich Himmler, Nazi official (b. 1900)
- 1965 - Earl Webb, baseball player (b. 1897)
- 1966 - Demchugdongrub, Mongolian politician (b. 1902)
- 1975 - Moms Mabley, American comedienne (b. 1894)
- 1981 - George Jessel, American actor (b. 1898)
- 1986 - Sterling Hayden, American actor (b. 1916)
- 1989 - Georgy Tovstonogov, Russian theatre director (b. 1915)
- 1991 - Wilhelm Kempff, German pianist and composer (b. 1895)
- 1992 - Giovanni Falcone, Italian judge (b. 1939)
- 1999 - Owen Hart, Canadian professional wrestler (b. 1965)
- 2002 - Sam Snead, American golfer (b. 1912)

Holidays and observances


- Bahá'í Faith: Declaration of the Báb
- World Turtle Day

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/23 BBC: On This Day] ---- May 22 - May 24 - April 23 - June 23 – listing of all days ko:5월 23일 ms:23 Mei ja:5月23日 simple:May 23 th:23 พฤษภาคม

1790

1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar).

Events


- January 8 - George Washington gives the first State of the Union Address.
- January 30 - The first boat specialized as a lifeboat is tested on the River Tyne.
- February 1 - In New York City the Supreme Court of the United States convenes for the first time.
- February 4 - Louis XVI of France declares to the National Assembly that he will maintain the constitutional laws
- February 11 - Religious Society of Friends petitions Congress for the abolition of slavery.
- March 1 - The first United States census is authorized.
- March 4 - France is divided into 83 départements, which cut across the former provinces, in an attempt to dislodge regional loyalties based on noble ownership of land.
- March 21 - Thomas Jefferson reported to President Washington in New York as the new secretary of state.
- May 29 - Rhode Island ratifies the United States Constitution and becomes the 13th U.S. state.
- June 23 - Alleged London Monster arrested in London - he later receives two years for three assaults
- July 9 - Russo-Swedish War: Second Battle of Svensksund - In the Baltic Sea, the Swedish navy captures one third of the Russian fleet.
- July 16 - The signing of the Residence Bill establishes a site along the Potomac River as the District of Columbia (seat of government) of the United States (see Washington, DC).
- July 31 - Inventor Samuel Hopkins becomes the first to be issued a US patent (for an improved method of making potash).
- August 4 - A newly passed tariff act creates the Revenue Cutter Service (the forerunner of the United States Coast Guard).
- William Pitt refuses to recognize Belgian independence.
- Construction begins on the White House.
- U.S. Funding Bill introduced by Alexander Hamilton.
- Philadelphia becomes federal capital of the great U.S..

Ongoing events


- French Revolution (1789-1799)

Births


- March 29 - John Tyler, 10th President of the United States (d. 1862)
- May 23 - Jules Dumont d'Urville, French explorer (d. 1842)
- June 1 - Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian playwright (d. 1836)
- November 17 - August Ferdinand Möbius, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1868)
- December 8 - Augustus Meineke, German Classical Scholar (d. 1870)
- December 16 - Léopold I of Belgium (d. 1865)
- December 19 - William Edward Parry, English Arctic explorer (d. 1855)
- December 23 - Jean-François Champollion, French Egyptologist (d. 1832)
- Edmund Lyons, 1st Lord Lyons, British admiral (d. 1858)

Deaths


- January 13 - Luc Urbain de Bouexic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (b. 1712)
- January 15 - John Landen, English mathematician (b. 1719)
- January 31 - Thomas Lewis, Irish-born Virginia settler (b. 1718)
- February 5 - William Cullen, Scottish physician and chemist (b. 1710)
- February 20 - Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1741)
- March 12 - Andreas Hadik, Austro-Hungarian general (b. 1710)
- April 17 - Benjamin Franklin, American scientist and statesman (b. 1706)
- May 4 - Matthew Tilghman, American Continental Congressman (b. 1718)
- May 9 - William Clingan, American Continental Congressman
- May 16 - Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of Hardwicke, English politician (b. 1720)
- May 21 - Thomas Warton, English poet (b. 1728)
- May 29 - Israel Putnam, American Revolutionary War general (b. 1718)
- July 7 - François Hemsterhuis, Dutch philosopher (b. 1721)
- July 14 - Ernst Gideon Freiherr von Laudon, Austrian field marshal (b. 1717)
- July 17 - Adam Smith, Scottish economist and philosopher (b. 1723)
- July 25 - Johann Bernhard Basedow, German educational reformer (b. 1723)
- July 25 - William Livingston, Governor of New Jersey (b. 1723)
- September 2 - Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian and theologian (b. 1701)
- October 19 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
- November 6 - James Bowdoin, American Revolutionary leader and politician (b. 1726)
- November 16 - Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, American Continental Congressman (b. 1723)
- ko:1790년 ms:1790 simple:1790

Condé-sur-Noireau

Condé-sur-Noireau is a commune of the Calvados département, in the Basse-Normandie région, in France. Its postal code is 14110. The INSEE code is 14174. The city sits by the Noireau river.

See also


- Condé sur Ifs
- Condé sur Seulles Category:Communes of Calvados

May 8

May 8 is the 128th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (129th in leap years). There are 237 days remaining.

Events


- 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen revolt against King Henry VI.
- 1541 - Hernando de Soto reaches the Mississippi River and names it Río de Espíritu Santo.
- 1794 - Branded a traitor during the Reign of Terror by revolutionists, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier, who was also a tax collector with the Ferme Générale, was tried, convicted, and guillotined all on one day in Paris.
- 1846 - Mexican-American War: The Battle of Palo Alto – Zachary Taylor defeats a Mexican force north of the Rio Grande in the first major battle of the war.
- 1861 - American Civil War: Richmond, Virginia, is named the capital of the Confederate States of America.
- 1877 - At Gilmore's Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show opens (ends May 11).
- 1886 - Pharmacist Dr. John Styth Pemberton invents a carbonated beverage that would later be named "Coca-Cola".
- 1896 - Against Warwickshire, Yorkshire sets a still-standing County Championship record when they accumulate an innings total of 887.
- 1898 - The first games of the Italian Football League are played.
- 1899 - The Irish Literary Theatre in Dublin opens.
- 1902 - In Martinique, Mount Pelée erupts, destroying the town of St. Pierre and killing over 30,000 people. Only a handful of residents survive the blast.
- 1914 - Paramount Pictures is formed.
- 1919 - Edward George Honey first proposed the idea of a moment of silence to commemorate The Armistice of World War I, which later resulted in the creation of Remembrance Day.
- 1933 - Mohandas Gandhi begins a 21-day fast in protest of British oppression in India.
- 1942 - World War II: The Battle of the Coral Sea comes to an end. This is the first time in the naval history where two enemy fleets fight without visual contact between warring ships.
- 1942 - Second World War: On the night of 8/9 May 1942, gunners of the Ceylon Garrison Artillery on Horsburgh Island in the Cocos Islands rebelled. Their mutiny was crushed and three of them were executed, the only British Commonwealth soldiers to be executed for mutiny during the Second World War.
- 1945 - World War II: VE Day. German forces agree to an unconditional surrender.
- 1945 - Thousands of Algerian civilians are killed by French Army soldiers in the Setif massacre.
- 1967 - The Philippine province of Davao is split into three: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental.
- 1972 - Vietnam War – U.S. President Richard M. Nixon announces his order to place mines in major North Vietnamese ports in order to stem the flow of weapons and other goods to that nation.
- 1973 - A 71-day standoff, between federal authorities and the American Indian Movement members occupying the Pine Ridge Reservation at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, ends with the surrender of the militants.
- 1974 - The Canadian Government of Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau is defeated in the House of Commons.
- 1984 - The Soviet Union announces that it will boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
- 1984 - Cpl. Denis Lortie enters the Quebec National Assembly and opens fire, killing three and wounding 13. René Jalbert, sergeant-at-arms of the assembly, succeeds in calming him, for which he will later receive the Cross of Valour.
- 1987 - The SAS ambushes and kills the Loughall Martyrs.
- 1997 - A China Southern Airlines Boeing 737 crashes on approach into Shenzhen's Huangtian Airport, killing 35
- 1999 - Nancy Mace becomes the first female cadet to graduate from The Citadel military college.
- 2002 - Feyenoord win the UEFA Cup
- 2004 - The Texas Rangers defeat the Detroit Tigers, 16-15, in a 10-inning game featuring a wild hour-long 5th inning (after having given up eight runs in the top half of the inning, Texas scores 10 runs in the bottom half to tie). The ten-run deficit is the largest ever overcome by the Rangers and the 18 runs in one inning by both teams ties a MLB record). Alfonso Soriano also sets a Ranger record with six hits in one game.
- 2005 - The new Canadian War Museum opens, in commemoration of the 60th anniversary of V-E Day.

Births


- 1460 - Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1536)
- 1521 - Petrus Canisius, Dutch Jesuit (d. 1597)
- 1587 - Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1637)
- 1622 - Claes Rålamb, Swedish statesman (d. 1698)
- 1629 - Niels Juel, Danish admiral (d. 1697)
- 1632 - Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (d. 1706)
- 1653 - Claude-Louis-Hector de Villars, Marshall of France (d. 1734)
- 1668 - Alain-René Lesage, French writer (d. 1747)
- 1670 - Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans, English soldier (d. 1726)
- 1735 - Sir Nathaniel Dance-Holland, English painter (d. 1811)
- 1737 - Edward Gibbon, English historian (d. 1794)
- 1825 - George Bruce Malleson, Indian officer and author (d. 1898)
- 1828 - Jean Henri Dunant, Swiss founder of the Red Cross, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1910)
- 1829 - Louis Moreau Gottschalk, American composer and pianist (d. 1869)
- 1842 - Emil Christian Hansen, Danish fermentation physiologist (d. 1909)
- 1850 - Ross Barnes, baseball player (d. 1915)
- 1884 - Harry S. Truman, President of the United States (d. 1972)
- 1895 - Fulton J. Sheen, American bishop and television personality (d. 1979)
- 1899 - Friedrich Hayek, Austrian economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1992)
- 1902 - Andre Michael Lwoff, French microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
- 1903 - Fernandel, French actor (d. 1971)
- 1905 - Red Nichols, American jazz cornettist (d. 1965)
- 1906 - Roberto Rossellini, Italian director (d. 1977)
- 1911 - Robert Johnson, American singer and guitarist (d. 1938)
- 1914 - Romain Gary, Polish writer (d. 1980)
- 1916 - João Havelange, Brazilian industrialist and football league president
- 1919 - Lex Barker, American actor (d. 1973)
- 1925 - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania
- 1926 - Sir David Attenborough, British television presenter and producer
- 1926 - Don Rickles, American comedian
- 1928 - Theodore Sorenson, American political operative and writer
- 1930 - Heather Harper, Irish soprano
- 1930 - Gary Snyder, American poet
- 1932 - Phyllida Law, Scottish actress
- 1932 - Sonny Liston, American boxer (d. 1970)
- 1935 - Jack Charlton, English footballer
- 1937 - Thomas Pynchon, American novelist
- 1940 - Ricky Nelson, American singer (d. 1985)
- 1943 - Toni Tennille, American singer
- 1944 - Gary Glitter, English singer
- 1945 - Keith Jarrett, American musician
- 1947 - H. Robert Horvitz, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 1948 - Felicity Lott, English soprano
- 1951 - Chris Frantz, American drummer (Talking Heads)
- 1953 - Alex Van Halen, Dutch-born drummer
- 1954 - David Keith, American actor
- 1957 - Marie Myriam, French singer
- 1964 - Melissa Gilbert, American actress and president of the Screen Actors Guild
- 1964 - Bobby Labonte, American race car driver
- 1964 - Dave Rowntree, British drummer (Blur)
- 1966 - Claudio Taffarel, Brazilian footballer
- 1968 - Jamie Summers, American porn star
- 1972 - Darren Hayes, Australian singer
- 1973 - Hiromu Arakawa, Japanese artist
- 1974 - Korey Stringer, American football player (d. 2001)
- 1975 - Enrique Iglesias, Spanish-born singer
- 1976 - Martha Wainwright, Canadian musician and songwriter
- 1978 - Lúcio, Brazilian footballer
- 1980 - Michelle McManus, Scottish singer
- 1983 - Matt Jay, Busted

Deaths


- 1278 - Emperor Duanzong of China (b. 1268)
- 1319 - King Haakon V of Norway (b. 1270)
- 1473 - John Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, English politician (b. 1420)
- 1538 - Edward Fox, English bishop
- 1766 - Samuel Chandler, English non-conformist minister (b. 1693)
- 1773 - Ali Bey Al-Kabir, Mamluk Sultan of Egypt (b. 1728)
- 1781 - Richard Jago, English poet (b. 1715)
- 1785 - Étienne François, duc de Choiseul, French statesman (b. 1719)
- 1788 - Giovanni Antonio Scopoli, Italian-born physician and naturalist (b. 1723)
- 1794 - Antoine Lavoisier, French chemist (executed) (b. 1743)
- 1828 - Mauro Giuliani, Italian composer (b. 1781)
- 1842 - Jules Dumont d'Urville, French explorer (b. 1790)
- 1873 - John Stuart Mill, English philosopher (b. 1806)
- 1880 - Gustave Flaubert, French novelist (b. 1821)
- 1891 - Helena Blavatsky, Russian-born author (b. 1831)
- 1936 - Oswald Spengler, German historian and philosopher (b. 1880)
- 1947 - Harry Gordon Selfridge, American-born department store founder (b. 1858)
- 1950 - Vital Brazil, Brazilian physician (b. 1865)
- 1952 - William Fox, Austrian-born film producer (b. 1879)
- 1960 - J. H. C. Whitehead, British mathematician (b. 1904)
- 1975 - Avery Brundage, President of the International Olympic Committee (b. 1887)
- 1982 - Gilles Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver (b. 1950)
- 1985 - Theodore Sturgeon, American science fiction writer (b. 1918)
- 1988 - Robert A. Heinlein, American science fiction writer (b. 1907)
- 1990 - Luigi Nono, Italian composer (b. 1924)
- 1991 - Jean Langlais, French composer and pianist (b. 1907)
- 1991 - Rudolf Serkin, Austrian pianist (b. 1903)
- 1993 - Avram Davidson, writer (b. 1923)
- 1994 - George Peppard, American actor (b. 1928)
- 1996 - Beryl Burton, English cyclist (b. 1937)
- 1999 - Dirk Bogarde, American actor (b. 1921)
- 1999 - Dana Plato, American actress (b. 1964)
- 2000 - Guadalupe "Pita" Amor, Mexican poet (b. 1918)

Holidays and observances


- Roman Empire - festival in honour of Mens
- Mother's Day - 1977, 1988, 1994, 2005, 2011
- World Red Cross Day
- VE Day

Recorded this day


- 1906 - "It Takes The Irish To Beat The Dutch" by Billy Murray
- 1941 - "Let Me Off Uptown" by Anita O'Day & Roy Eldridge with Gene Krupa & his Orchestra

External links


- [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/8 BBC: On This Day]
- [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/20050508.html The New York Times: On This Day] ---- May 7 - May 9 - April 8 - June 8 – listing of all days ko:5월 8일 ms:8 Mei ja:5月8日 simple:May 8 th:8 พฤษภาคม

1842

1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar).

Events


- February 7 - Ras Ali Alula, Regent of the Emperor of Ethiopia defeats warlord Wube Haile Maryam of Semien in the Battle of Debre Tabor
- February 21 - John J. Greenough patents the sewing machine.
- March 5 - Mexican troops led by Rafael Vasquez invade Texas briefly occupy San Antonio and then head back to the Rio Grande. This is the first such invasion since the Texas Revolution.
- March 30 - Anesthesia is used for the first time in an operation (Dr. Crawford Long performed the operation using ether).
- March 31 - Middleton Junction and Oldham Branch Railway line opened up to Werneth in North West England.
- May 8 - Two trains collide in Paris and catch fire - 59 dead
- May 19 - Dorr Rebellion - militiamen supporting Thomas Wilson Dorr attack arsenal in Providence, Rhode Island but are repulsed
- June 4 - In South Africa, hunter Dick King rides into British military base in Grahamstown to warn that Boers have besieged Durban. He had left 11 days earlier. British army dispatches a relief force
- August 9 - Webster-Ashburton Treaty is signed, establishing the United States-Canada border east of the Rocky Mountains.
- December 23 - In a meeting with Akhbar Khan, his men seize Sir William Macnaghten and tear him to pieces

Month/day unknown


- Sons of Temperance founded in New York City.
- Massacre of Elphinstone's British army on the road from Kabul to Jallalabad, Afghanistan, by Mohammed Akbar, son of Dost Mohammed Khan
- August 29 - Treaty of Nanking signing ends the First Opium War
- British Empire annexes Hong Kong
- Pentonville Prison built.
- New Zealand seat of government moves from Russell to Auckland
- Ohio's Wesleyan University is established.
- University of Notre Dame is founded by Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross.
- Scroll and Key secret society of Yale University established.
- Commonwealth v. Hunt makes strikes and unions legal in the United States.
- First pils beer brewed in the Chech city of Pilsen. The Pilz is the original lager beer of which all modern lagers are copies.

Births


- February 3 - Sidney Lanier, American writer (d. 1881)
- February 4 - Arrigo Boito, Italian poet and composer (d. 1918)
- February 25 - Karl May, German writer (d. 1912)
- March 10 - Mykola Lysenko, Ukrainian composer (d. 1912)
- March 18 - Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (d. 1898)
- May 8 - Emil Christian Hansen, Danish fermentation physiologist (d. 1909)
- May 13 - Arthur Sullivan, English composer (d. 1900)
- June 12 - Rikard Nordraak, Norwegian composer (d. 1866)
- August 23 - Osborne Reynolds, Irish engineer and physicist (d. 1912)
- September 13 - John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (d. 1920)
- September 21 - Abd-ul-Hamid II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918)
- October 14 - Joe Start, baseball player (d. 1927)
- November 12 - John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1919)
- December 2 - C. W. Alcock, English footballer and football official (d. 1907)
- December 9 - Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist (d. 1921)
- Anna Elizabeth Dickenson, American orator (d. 1932)

Deaths


- March 13 - Henry Shrapnel, English soldier and inventor (b. 1761)
- March 15 - Luigi Cherubini, Italian composer (b. 1760)
- March 23 - Stendhal, French writer (b. 1783)
- April 4 - Jean Moufot, French philosopher and mathematician (b. 1784)
- May 8 - Jules Dumont d'Urville, French explorer (b. 1790)
- July 25 - Dominique Jean Larrey, French surgeon (b. 1766)
- July 28 - Clemens Brentano, German poet (b. 1778)
- September 15 - Francisco Morazán, President of Central America (b. 1792) Category:1842 ko:1842년 ms:1842 simple:1842

Meudon

Meudon is a suburb of Paris in the Hauts-de-Seine département in northern France. Population (1999): 43,663.

Geography

Located about 8 km to the south-west of Paris, the town of Meudon is built on the hills and valleys of the Seine. The wood of Meudon lies for the most part to the west of the town. The northwest part of Meudon, overlooking the Seine, is known as Bellevue ("beautiful view").

History

Archaeological sites show that Meudon has been populated since Neolithic times. The Celts called the area Mol-Dum (sand dune) — and the Romans latinized the name as Moldunum. The handsome Galliera Institutions, on the hill of Fleury, were founded by the duchess of Galliera for the care of aged persons and orphans. The buildings were completed in 1885. In the 16th century the cardinal, Charles of Lorraine, built at Meudon a magnificent château, which was destroyed in 1803. The present remains belong to a building erected by the Dauphin, son of Louis XIV.

Economy

Although a choice residential district, access to the railway (RER) and the Seine River have made Meudon a manufacturing center since the 1840s. Metal products and military explosives have been continuously produced here since then.

Scientific facilities

What is today ONERA, a national research institute on aerospace topics, has been a presence since the military opened its aerostatic (lighter-than-air) field in the Chalais park in 1877. From 1921 to 1981 the Air Museum was located here until it moved to Le Bourget Airport. There is a branch of the Paris Observatory founded in 1877 on the ruins of the Chateau-Neuf, burned by the Germans in the siege of Paris 1871. CNRS has a campus in Bellevue.

People


- Rodin's villa des Brillants, now a museum of his art, is located here, as is his grave.
- Richard Wagner was a resident (No. 27 Av. du Château), and here composed 'The Flying Dutchman'.
- Louis-Ferdinand Céline lived here until his death, and is buried in Bas Meudon.
- Painter May Alcott lived here until her death.
- Artists Jean Arp and Sophie Taeuber-Arp were resident here from 1929-1940. Their neighbours were the artist and architect Theo van Doesburg and his wife Nelly.
- The town has a monument to Rabelais who died here as canon of Meudon, where he held the benefice from 1551-1552.

External links


- [http://www.ville-meudon.fr/ Ville de Meudon website]
- [http://www.musee-rodin.fr/meudo-e.htm Le musée de Meudon]
- [http://www.obspm.fr/~unicom/visites/meudon.htm Observatoire de Paris] (Paris Observatory) Category:Communes of Hauts-de-Seine



French Navy

The French Navy (Marine Nationale) is the naval arm of the French military and is the second-largest Western European navy (the largest being the United Kingdom's Royal Navy). It operates a full range of vessels, from patrol boats to guided missile frigates, one nuclear aircraft carrier and four strategic missile submarines (SNLEs). The current Navy aircraft carrier is named Charles De Gaulle (Normally, the French Navy operates two carriers, but only one of the latest generation has been built yet). SNLE The Navy is organised in five branches:
- The "Force d'Action Navale" ("Naval Action Force"), surface fleet
- The "Forces Sous-marines" ("Submarine forces"), stategic nuclear deterrent fleet
- The "Aviation Navale" ("Naval air force"), ground and sea-based planes and helicopters
- The "Fusiliers de Marine" ("Naval fusiliers", ground forces, used to secure naval installations) and "Commandos de Marine" (amphibious assault and other special operations), collectively known as FORFUSCO.
- The "Gendarmerie Navale", police operations and coast guard Note that the Troupes de Marine ("Naval Troops"), organised in Régiments d'Infanterie de Marine (the famous elite RIMa) are the modern name of the Troupes Coloniales ("Colonial Troops"), and are not part of the Navy, but of the Army.

History

[Yet to be written] The French navy is affectionately known as La Royale (the "Royal"), for its supposed attachement to the monarchy; it is to be noted that some of the greatest heroes of the First Republic were in the French Navy (Luc-Julien-Joseph Casabianca, Robert Surcouf, Latouche-Tréville). The motto of the French navy is "Honneur, Patrie, Valeur, Discipline" ("Honour, Homeland, Valour, Discipline").

Present developments

Latouche-Tréville Latouche-Tréville Latouche-Tréville The French Navy is undertaking a significant reinforcement, both in modernising and in number, under the Projet de loi de programmation militaire 2003-2008 ("Military programme law project 2003-2008")[http://www.defense.gouv.fr/sites/defense/enjeux_defense/politique_de_defense/programmation_2003-2008/projet_de_loi_de_programmation_militaire_2003-2008/] , which notably calls for
- A second aircraft carrier - conventionally propelled (the current Charles De Gaulle is nuclear), and built to a similar design as the British CVF ships.
- 4 Horizon units; two are now under construction, the third one should be ordered in 2007
- 17 FREMM multipurpose frigates - 8 should be ordered between 2003 and 2008, the first commissioning being expected for 2008
- 6 nuclear attack submarines of the Barracuda class - 2 should be ordered between 2003 and 2008, the first commissioning being expected for 2012 The equipment will also be modernised, notably
- New models of the successful Exocet missile
- MBDA Aster and Sylver systems for anti-missile/anti-air defence
- Cruise missiles (the naval or submarine SCALP EG)

See also


- List of Naval Ministers of France
- French naval ships
- List of French dreadnought battleships
- French Navy admirals
- French Navy officers
- French 100 mm naval gun
- Exocet

External links


- [http://www.defense.gouv.fr/marine Official site]
- [http://www.alabordache.com Alabordache] French Navy Category:French Navy Category:Navies ja:フランス海軍

Pacific

:For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). The Pacific Ocean (from the Latin name Mare Pacificum, "peaceful sea", bestowed upon it by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan) is the world's largest body of water. It encompasses a third of the Earth's surface, having an area of 179.7 million km² (69.4 million sq miles). Extending approximately 15,500 km (9,600 miles) from the Bering Sea in the Arctic to the icy margins of Antarctica's Ross Sea in the south (although the Antarctic regions of the Pacific are sometimes described as part of the circumpolar Southern Ocean)the Pacific reaches its greatest east-west width at about 5°N latitude, where it stretches approximately 19,800 km (12,300 miles) from Indonesia to the coast of Colombia. The western limit of the ocean is often placed at the Strait of Malacca. The lowest point on earth—the Mariana Trench—lies some 10,911 m (35,797 ft) below sea level. The Pacific contains about 25,000 islands (more than the total number in the rest of the world's oceans combined), the majority of which are found south of the equator. (See: Pacific Islands.) Along the Pacific Ocean's irregular western margins lie many seas, the largest of which are the Celebes Sea, Coral Sea, East China Sea, Sea of Japan, South China Sea, Sulu Sea, Tasman Sea, and Yellow Sea. The Straits of Malacca joins the Pacific and the Indian Oceans on the west, and the Straits of Magellan links the Pacific with the Atlantic Ocean on the east. As the Pacific straddles the ±180° longitude where East becomes West, the Asian side of the ocean (where latitudes are E) is correctly referred to as East Pacific and the opposite side (eastwards) where latitudes are W is the West Pacific. To retain the popular "left is western" and "right is eastern" means of reference, the Western Pacific is thus the East Pacific and the Eastern Pacific the West Pacific. The International Date Line follows the ±180° longitude to the greater part of its North-South demarcation but veers far eastwards around Kiribati (Caroline Island, which, not coincidentally, was renamed Millennium Island) and westwards round the Aleutian Islands as can be seen on the map at International Date Line. For most of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage from the Straits of Magellan to the Philippines, the Portuguese explorer indeed found the ocean peaceful. However, the Pacific is not always peaceful. Many typhoons and hurricanes batter the islands of the Pacific and the lands around the Pacific rim are full of volcanoes and often rocked by earthquakes. Tsunamis, caused by underwater earthquakes, have devastated many islands and wiped out whole towns. Tsunami

Ocean bottom

The ocean floor of the central Pacific basin is relatively uniform, an abyssal plain with a mean depth of about 4270 m (14,000 ft). The major irregularities in the basin are the extremely steep-sided, flat-topped submarine peaks known as seamounts. The western part of the floor consists of mountain arcs that rise above the sea as island groups, such as the Solomon Islands and New Zealand, and deep oceanic trenches, such as the Mariana Trench, the Philippine Trench, and the Tonga Trench. Most of the trenches lie adjacent to the outer margins of the wide western Pacific continental shelf. Along the eastern margin of the Pacific Basin is the East Pacific Rise, which is a part of the worldwide mid-oceanic ridge. About 3000 km (1800 miles) across, the rise stands about 3 km (2 miles) above the adjacent ocean floor. Because a relatively small land area drains into the Pacific, and because of the ocean's immense size, most sediments are authigenic or pelagic in origin. Authigenic sediments include montmorillonite and phillipsite. Pelagic sediments derived from seawater include pelagic red clays and the skeletal remains of sea life. Terrigenous sediments eroded from land masses are confined to narrow marginal bands close to land.

Elevation extremes


- lowest point: -10,924 m (-35,840 ft). at the bottom of the Mariana Trench
- highest point: 0 m (0 ft), sea level.

Water characteristics

Water temperatures in the Pacific vary from freezing in the poleward areas to about 29°C (84°F) near the equator. Salinity also varies latitudinally. Water near the equator is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes because of abundant equatorial precipitation throughout the year. Poleward of the temperate latitudes salinity is also low, because little evaporation of seawater takes place in these frigid areas. The surface circulation of Pacific waters is generally clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (the North Pacific Gyre) and anti-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The North Equatorial Current, driven westward along latitude 15°N by the trade winds, turns north near the Philippines to become the warm Japan or Kuroshio Current. Turning eastward at about 45°N, the Kuroshio forks and some waters move northward as the Aleutian Current, while the rest turn southward to rejoin the North Equatorial Current. The Aleutian Current branches as it approaches North America and forms the base of an anti-clockwise circulation in the Bering Sea. Its southern arm becomes the chilled slow, south-flowing California Current. The South Equatorial Current, flowing west along the equator, swings southward east of New Guinea, turns east at about 50°S, and joins the main westerly circulation of the Southern Pacific, which includes the Earth-circling Antarctic Circumpolar Current. As it approaches the Chilean coast, the South Equatorial Current divides; one branch flows around Cape Horn and the other turns north to form the Peru or Humboldt Current.

Climate

Only the interiors of the large land masses of Australia, New Guinea, and New Zealand escape the pervasive climatic influence of the Pacific. Within the area of the Pacific, five distinctively different climatic regions exist: the mid-latitude westerlies, the trades, the monsoon region, the typhoon region, and the doldrums. Mid-latitude westerly air streams occur in both northerly and southerly latitudes, bringing marked seasonal differences in temperature. Closer to the equator, where most of the islands lie, steadily blowing trade winds allow for relatively constant temperatures throughout the year of 21-27°C (70-81°F). The monsoon region lies in the far western Pacific between Japan and Australia. Characteristic of this climatic region are winds that blow from the continental interior to the ocean in winter and in the opposite direction in summer. Consequently, a marked seasonality of cloudiness and rainfall occurs. Typhoons often cause extensive damage in the west and southwest Pacific. The greatest typhoon frequency exists within the triangle from southern Japan to the central Philippines to eastern Micronesia. Although more poorly defined than the other climatic regions, two major doldrum areas lie within the ocean, one located off the western shores of Central America and the other within the equatorial waters of the western Pacific. Both areas are noted for their high humidity, considerable cloudiness, light fluctuating winds, and frequent calms.

Geology

The Andesite Line is the most significant regional distinction in the Pacific. It separates the deeper, basic igneous rock of the Central Pacific Basin from the partially submerged continental areas of acidic igneous rock on its margins. The Andesite Line follows the western edge of the islands off California and passes south of the Aleutian arc, along the eastern edge of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Kuril Islands, Japan, the Mariana Islands, the Solomon Islands, and New Zealand. The dissimilarity continues northeastward along the western edge of the Albatross Cordillera along South America to Mexico, returning then to the islands off California. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, and New Zealand—all eastward extensions of the continental blocks of Australia and Asia—lie outside the Andesite Line. Within the closed loop of the Andesite Line are most of the deep troughs, submerged volcanic mountains, and oceanic volcanic islands that characterize the Central Pacific Basin. It is here that basaltic lavas gently flow out of rifts to build huge dome-shaped volcanic mountains whose eroded summits form island arcs, chains, and clusters. Outside the Andesite Line, volcanism is of the explosive type, and the Pacific Ring of Fire is the world's foremost belt of explosive volcanism.

Landmasses

The largest landmass entirely within the Pacific Ocean is the island of New Guinea— the second largest in the world. Almost all of the smaller islands of the Pacific lie between 30°N and 30°S, extending from South-east Asia to Easter Island; the rest of the Pacific Basin is almost entirely submerged. The great triangle of Polynesia, connecting Hawaii, Easter Island, and New Zealand, encompasses the island arcs and clusters of the Cook, Marquesas, Samoa, Society, Tokelau, Tonga, and Tuamotu islands. North of the equator and west of the international date line are the numerous small islands of Micronesia, including the Caroline Islands, the Marshall Islands, and the Mariana Islands. In the southwestern corner of the Pacific lie the islands of Melanesia, dominated by New Guinea. Other important island groups of Melanesia include the Bismarck Archipelago, Fiji, New Caledonia, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. Islands in the Pacific Ocean are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs, and uplifted coral platforms. Continental islands lie outside the Andesite Line and include New Guinea, the islands of New Zealand, and the Philippines. These islands are structurally associated with the nearby continents. High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and the Solomon Islands. The third and fourth types of islands are both the result of coralline island building. Coral reefs are low-lying structures that have built up on basaltic lava flows under the ocean's surface. One of the most dramatic is the Great Barrier Reef off northeastern Australia. A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. Examples include Banaba (formerly Ocean Island) and Makatea in the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia.

History and economy

See the Oceania article for information on one set of the Pacific Island states listed below here. Important human migrations occurred in the Pacific in prehistoric times, most notably those of Polynesians from Tahiti to Hawaii and New Zealand. The ocean was sighted by Europeans early in the 16th century, first by Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1513) and then by Ferdinand Magellan, who crossed the Pacific during his circumnavigation (1519-1522). In 1564 conquistadors crossed the ocean from Mexico led by Miguel López de Legazpi who sailed to the Philippines and Mariana Islands. For the remainder of the 16th century Spanish influence was paramount, with ships sailing from Spain to the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Solomons. The Manila Galleons linked Manila and Acapulco. During the 17th century the Dutch, sailing around southern Africa, dominated discovery and trade; Abel Janszoon Tasman discovered (1642) Tasmania and New Zealand. The 18th century marked a burst of exploration by the Russians in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, the French in Polynesia, and the British in the three voyages of James Cook (to the South Pacific and Australia, Hawaii, and the North American Pacific Northwest). Growing imperialism during the 19th century resulted in the occupation of much of Oceania by Great Britain and France, followed by the United States. Significant contributions to oceanographic knowledge were made by the voyages of the HMS Beagle in the 1830s, with Charles Darwin aboard; the HMS Challenger during the 1870s; the U.S.S. Tuscarora (1873-76); and the German Gazelle (1874-1876). Although the United States took the Philippines in 1898,