Little Egypt

Little Egypt can mean:
- Little Egypt, a belly dancer.
- Little Egypt, an area in Illinois

Little Egypt (dancer)

:Alternate meaning: an area in southern Illinois. Little Egypt was the stage name for two popular exotic dancers, Ashea Wabe who danced at the Seeley banquet and Farida Mazar Spyropoulos, who appeared at the "Street in Cairo" exhibition on the Midway at the World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893. She also used the stage name Fatima. 1893 The dance performed by Little Egypt had also been called "Hootchy-Kootchy" or "Hoochee-Coochee" (the origin of the name is unknown), and "danse du ventre", which is French for "belly dance". After the fair, Ashea Wabe became front-page news item in 1896 after she danced at a New York Fifth Avenue swank bachelor party for Herbert Seeley. A rival dancer falsely reported that Wabe was going to dance nude and the party was raided by the vice squad. The raid brought some amount of fame to Little Egypt. She was hired by Broadway impresario Oscar Hammerstein I to appear as herself in a humorous parody of the Seeley dinner. She would have then been forgotten except for a series of photographs taken by Benjamin Falk. After that, several women adopted the name of Little Egypt and toured the United States, until the name became somewhat synonymous with exotic dancers generally. Spyropoulos then claimed to be the original Little Egypt from the Chicago Fair. Although no dancer used that stage name at the fair, Spyropoulos, because of her size, had been given the nick-name Little Egypt. Recognized as the true Little Egypt she always disliked being confused with the other dancer from the Seeley banquet. Spyropoulos danced as Little Egypt at the 1933 Century of Progess in Chicago at the age of 62. Rhonda Fleming starred in the title role of the movie "Little Egypt," a 1951 Universal International Production. Rock and Roll tunesmiths Leiber/Stoller penned a song entitled Little Egypt that was a 1961 hit for the Coasters. Elvis Presley performed the song extolling the virtues of belly dancers in his 1964 film, Roustabout and included it in his legendary 1968 T.V. show, Elvis. Donna Carlton wrote "Looking for Little Egypt", a historical account of Little Egypt at the 1893 World Columbian Exposition in Chicago. See also: The Streets of Cairo, or the Poor Little Country Maid

External links

- [http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/IDD/littleeg.htm Donna Carlton]
- [http://catnyp.nypl.org/search/aFalk%2C+B.+J.+(Benjamin+J.)%2C+1853-1925/afalk+b+j+benjamin+j+1853-1925/1,1,36,B/frameset&FF=afalk+b+j+benjamin+j+1853-1925&2,,36 Falk Papers]

Little Egypt (region)

:Alternate meaning: Stage name of Farida Mazar Spyropoulos Egypt is the southern area of the state of Illinois in the United States of America. The region is sometimes mistakenly called "Little Egypt" (she was a belly dancer in 1893). The region is so named because the rivers are as important as the Nile to Africa's Egypt. The southernmost part of Egypt is Cairo. The southern part of Illinois is geographically, culturally, and economically different from the remainder of Illinois.

Location

It is not clear where the northern boundary of Egypt is located. It can probably be said that people who believe that they live in Egypt agree that all people to the south of them are in Egypt, and perhaps some of the people to the north. One aspect is geography: Southern Illinois becomes generally flatter as one goes north. Egypt has hills. But, where the hills end is not all that clear. Some say that Interstate 70, from St. Louis, Missouri through Effingham is the great natural dividing line of Illinois. That highway seems to skirt the northern edge of the hills, perhaps because highway construction costs were higher in the hills. Another aspect is forestation: Trees become fewer and farther between as one travels north in Southern Illinois. Before settlement, the far south was completely forested. Toward the north "prairies", large grasslands, appeared within the forest. Traveling north, the prairies became larger. Somewhere around Centralia, Illinois, the area of prairie became greater than the area of forest. But, even there, if you were in a prairie, there was always a wall of trees on the horizon. Somewhere close to Effingham, the prairies merged into the great prairie. There was no longer a wall of trees on the horizon, but rather groves and isolated trees jutting up like the masts of distant ships on the ocean. Another aspect involves culture. Egypt, and most of the rest of Illinois, was originally settled by southerners. By the 1840's, canals and railroads allowed northern settlers to move directly west to northern Illinois, without coming down the Ohio River and up the State. Little Egypt saw less of this migration, since its riverine walls were for many decades a barrier to east/west rails. Salem, Illinois had the main east/west rail line from Baltimore, Maryland to St. Louis.

Origin of name

The exact origin of these nicknames for this region is not entirely clear, but there appear to be a number of factors that have contributed to their development and popularization over time. One reason that the area became popularly known as Egypt centers on Southern Illinois’ role in supplying grain to northern and central Illinois following the "Winter of the Deep Snow" in 1830–31. Upper Illinois suffered from a long winter and late spring, so crops were not planted until June, and much of that harvest was killed by an early September frost. Southern Illinois had milder weather, however, and produced grain, much of which was shipped north. Wagon trains came south and returned home with corn. Many people believe the similarities with the Bible story of Jacob’s sons going to Egypt to buy grain and survive a famine may have resulted in the nickname. One pioneer, Daniel Brush, founder of Carbondale, recalled in his memoirs how grain was shipped from points on the Big Muddy River and Mississippi River to central and northern Illinois that year. He, too, supports the notion that the role southern Illinois played in feeding those areas led to the rise of the "Egypt" moniker. Another theory is related to a comparison of the land mass surrounded by the great Mississippi and Ohio Rivers with that of Egypt’s Nile delta region. According to Hubbs, the nickname may date back to 1818, when a large tract of land was purchased at the confluence of the rivers and its developers named it Cairo. Today, the town of Cairo still lies on a peninsula where the Ohio River joins the Mississippi. Other settlements in that portion of the state have names with Egyptian or Middle Eastern origins: Thebes, Dongola, Lebanon, and Karnak. During the American Civil War, anti-slavery citizens of northern Illinois would draw less than flattering parallels between the pro-slavery Confederate sympathizers in southern Illinois and the bondage and injustice inflicted on the Hebrews during their "Egyptian bondage"[http://dig.lib.niu.edu/civilwar/politics.html]. These Egyptian influences are not only concentrated in Egypt, but farther south. About one hundred miles south of Cairo, along the Mississippi, lies Memphis, Tennessee, which also was named after an Egyptian city on the Nile with the same name. Memphis also has a giant pyramid for a sporting venue. When hoochie-coochie dancer (belly dancer) Farida Mazar Spyropoulos appeared in the 1893 World's Fair in Chicago, she performed as "Little Egypt". The name of the region appears to have been garbled by some outsiders after 1893; before then "Little Egypt" was never used. Other derivatives and similarities of the Egyptian theme for the region:
- Mounds similar to the pyramids located in Cahokia
- Egyptian High School, located in the extreme southern portion of the state, whose athletic teams are nicknamed the "Pharaohs"
- The man-made Lake of Egypt
- The nickname of the athletic team members at the region's main university, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, and the school mascot, Saluki, is the name of a dog breed that originated in the Middle East.
- The name of SIU Carbondale's student newspaper is the Daily Egyptian: http://www.dailyegyptian.com

Geography

Illinois has been partially covered at times by glaciers. However, southern Illinois was covered only partially by the Illinoisan Glacier and not at all by the Wisconsinan Glacier. Thus, the geography of southern Illinois is considerably more hilly and rocky than central or northern Illinois. Areas of far southern Illinois are much more similar to the Ozarks than to central or northern Illinois. Additionally, the rich farm land of northern and central Illinois is not found in southern Illinois.

Economy

There are two main centers of commerce for southern Illinois. They consist of the of St. Louis, Missouri Metropolitan area (home to approximately 2.8 million people), and the Carbondale, Marion, Herrin area (home to approximately 180,000 people). The main agricultural products of southern Illinois are crops such as corn, soybeans and apples. In recent years there has been a flourishing of wineries in the Shawnee region. Southern Illinois also has significant coal deposits, however since the late 1980's the coal industry has suffered significant decline due to the decreased demand for high sulfur coal. The collapse of the coal industry has had profound and lasting impact on the region's economy. Small oil wells are found in the region but are of low yield. Manufacturing in southern Illinois is typically clustered in the largest towns of each county, with the people of smaller towns and villages often commuting to them to work in the factories. Many of these towns have a number of light factories and other industrial facilities in their industrial parks which produce industrial electronics, minor electrical items, automobile parts, packaging materials, and carry out large scale printing as well as transportation and distribution of warehoused materials and goods. A large percentage of local jobs are in these light industries.

Culture

Culturally, southern Illinois is tied closely with Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri. The immigration route from the east coast westward ran along the Ohio River. In addition, the Cumberland River flowed northwest through Kentucky and Tennessee before joining the Ohio near Paducah, Kentucky, affording a migration route from the interior of those States. Thus, settlers who came to southern Illinois had previously settled Kentucky, Tennessee and continued to migrate into Missouri and Arkansas. A road between Golconda and Jonesboro carried settlers and commerce across southern Illinois as well as the Cherokee on the Trail of Tears.[http://www.illinoishistory.com/trailoftears.html] Egypt exists at the confluence of the North Midland and South Midland dialects of American English. South Midland becomes more prominent as one approaches the Ohio River. The dialect change is not pure continum, but rather occurs in pockets, with certain towns and regions notably favoring one dialect over the other. This difference can even be found between lifelong residents of the same town. No stigma is associated with either dialect within southern Illinois. Even though Illinois was a free state prior to the American Civil War, there were some slaves in Egypt. Illinois law generally forbade bringing slaves into Illinois, but a special exemption was given to the salt works near Equality and as long-term indentured servants or as descendants of slaves in the area before statehood. In 1834, citizens of Alton, Illinois, near St. Louis, lynched abolitionist printer Elijah P. Lovejoy. Many Democrats in southern Illinois favored the South. John A. Logan, a southern Illinois congressman who would later become a general in the Union Army, even compared the southern secessionists to the Founding Fathers. Despite having a Democratic majority and southern sympathizers, Egypt had the highest Union recruitment rates in the state and Union Clubs were formed to physically intimidate dissenters. On April 15, 1861 the citizens of Marion passed a resolution calling for the division of Illinois and the secession of southern Illinois. The resolution stated: "Resolved: 1. That we, the citizens of Williamson County, firmly believing, from the distracted condition of our county---the same being brought about by the elevation to power of a strictly sectional party---the coercive policy of which toward the seceded States will drive all the border slave States from the Federal Union, and cause them to join the Southern Confederacy. "2. That, in such event, the interest of the citizens of Southern Illinois imperatively demands at their hands a division of the State. We hereby pledge ourselves to use all means in our power to effect the same, and attach ourselves to the Southern Confederacy. "3. That, in our opinion, it is the duty of the present administration to withdraw all the troops of the Federal government that may be stationed in Southern forts, and acknowledge the independence of the Southern Confederacy, believing that such a course would he calculated to restore peace and harmony to our distracted country. "4. That in view of the fact that it is probable that the present Governor of the State of Illinois will call upon the citizens of the same to take up arms for the purpose of subjecting the people of the South, we hereby enter our protest against such a course, and, as loyal citizens, will refuse, frown down, and forever oppose the same." The resolution was repealed shortly thereafter, but General Benjamin Prentiss on his way to a garrison in Cairo left a company of men near Marion. It has been suggested that one purpose of troops stationed in Cairo was not only to guard the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers during the American Civil War but also to keep the southern portion of the state from seceding. See also: List of Illinois regions

External links

- Democrats and Republicans in Illinois: http://dig.lib.niu.edu/civilwar/politics.html
- Southern Illinoisan Newspaper http://www.thesouthern.com
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale http://www.siuc.edu

References

- "The Other Illinois", Baker Brownwell
- "Bloody Williamson", Paul M. Angle
- "Egypt in Illinois," in Chicago History (1965) 7(9) 266-70.
- "Illinois: A History," Richard Jensen, (2001) Category:Geography of Illinois

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