Lord Cornwallis

Lord Cornwallis may refer to:
- Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis
- Edward Cornwallis (1713-1776), founder of Halifax, Nova Scotia

Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis

right Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis (December 31, 1738 – October 5, 1805) was a British general and colonial governor. In America, he is most remembered for his role in the American Revolutionary War, and in India, for promulgating the Permanent Settlement. He was the eldest son of Charles Cornwallis, 5th Baron Cornwallis (later 1st Earl Cornwallis) and was born in London even though his family's estates were in Kent. Cornwallis had all the advantages that money and family connections could bring. His family had been Barons Cornwallis since the reign of King Charles II, and his uncle, Frederick, was Archbishop of Canterbury. His mother was a daughter of Charles Townshend, 2nd Viscount Townshend and a niece of the Prime Minister, Robert Walpole. Throughout the course of the Seven Year's War, Cornwallis served for terms in different posts in Germany, interspersed with trips home. He served as a staff officer to John Manners, Marquess of Granby in 1758. In 1759 he was assigned to the 85th Regiment of Foot, and after action at the Battle of Minden he was promoted to Captain before returning to England. He also became a Member of Parliament in January 1760, entering the House of Commons for the village of Wye in Kent. In 1761 he was again sent to Germany, this time for duty with the 12th foot, and was promoted to brevet Lieutenant Colonel. He led his unit in the Battle of Vellinghusen on July 15th-16th, and was noted for his gallantry.

American Revolution

In 1776 Cornwallis moved to North America after volunteering his services to help maintain order in the rebellious thirteen colonies. Between January 2 and January 4, 1777 Cornwallis fought the American Continental Army at Princeton, New Jersey, led by General George Washington. The Americans surprised a detachment of Cornwallis' troops and pressed the attack until encountering the main body of Cornwallis' force. After this first engagement, the American army slipped away in the night before Cornwallis could counter-attack. The Battle of Princeton was seen as an American victory, although it was actually a confused series of skirmishes without a decisive defeat for either force. In 1780, Cornwallis led British forces in the Carolinas against Nathanael Greene. In 1781, Cornwallis' army won the Battle of Guilford Courthouse but suffered heavy losses and abandoned plans to control the Carolinas. He retreated to wait for reinforcements. After a textbook siege by American and French forces, Cornwallis surrendered to the allied forces, bringing to a close the Battle of Yorktown, on October 19, 1781, and thus ending the war. He was ultimately blamed for losing the war to the colonists.

India

Cornwallis, a close political ally of the younger Pitt then moved to India, where the colonial administration was judged by the Prime Minister to be urgently in need of reform following Warren Hastings' tenure. His appointment as Governor-General began in 1786. The primary objective of his first term was the settling of issues related to revenue extraction and local administration, and his administration came to the significant agreement with native landlords known as the Permanent Settlement of Bengal. A few years after his term ended in 1793 he once again re-located, and became Lord Lieutenant of Ireland where he was responsible for the repression of the United Irishmen's rebellion in 1798 and the enabling of the union between Britain and Ireland. Subsequently, Lord Cornwallis moved back to India where he was made Governor General a second time in 1805. He died of a fever at Ghazipur near Varanasi shortly after arriving, and is buried overlooking the Ganges River, where his memorial continues to be maintained by the Government of India. Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess

Number 140

140 is the natural number following 139 and preceding 141.


Cardinal	One hundred [and] forty
Ordinal	140th
Factorization	$2^2 \cdot 5 \cdot 7$
Divisors	2, 5, 7, 10, 20, 28, 35, 70
Roman numeral	CXL
Binary	10001100
Octal	214
Hexadecimal	8c

140 is an abundant number and a harmonic divisor number. It is the sum of the squares of the first seven integers, which makes it a square pyramidal number, and in base 10 it is divisible by the sum of its digits, which makes it a Harshad number. One hundred [and] forty is also:
- The designation of some spur routes of Interstate 40.
- The age Job died at (Holy Bible, Job 42:16).
- The year AD 140 or 140 BC.

Other numbers in the 140s

One hundred [and] forty-one has its own article. ---- One hundred [and] forty-two has its own article. ---- One hundred [and] forty-three (143, CXLIII) is the natural number following one hundred forty-two and preceding one hundred forty-four. It is a composite number, and its factorization is

143 = 11 \cdot 13.

This number is the sum of three consecutive primes (43 + 47 + 53), as well as the sum of seven consecutive primes (11 + 13 + 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31). But this number is never the sum of an integer and its base 10 digits, making it a self number. Every positive integer is the sum of at most 143 seventh powers (see Waring's problem). One hundred [and] forty-three is also:
- The year AD 143 or 143 BC. ---- One hundred [and] forty-four has its own article. ---- One hundred [and] forty-five has its own article. ---- One hundred [and] forty-six (146, CXLVI) is the natural number following one hundred forty-five and preceding one hundred [and] forty-six. It is a triangular number and an octahedral number as well as a composite number, and its factorization is

146 = 2 \cdot 73.

It is a nontotient since there is no integer with 146 coprimes below it, and an untouchable number since there is no integer whose proper divisors add up to 146. One hundred forty-six is also:
- The year AD 146 or 146 BC. ---- One hundred and forty-seven has its own article. ---- One hundred [and] forty-eight (148, CXLVIII) is the natural number following one hundred forty-seven and preceding one hundred forty-eight. It is a heptagonal number and a centered heptagonal number. It is a composite number, and its factorization

148 = 2^2 \cdot 37.

One hundred [and] forty-eight is also:
- The number of singers, sons of Asaph, at the Census of men of Israel upon return from exile (Holy Bible, Nehemiah 7:44).
- The year AD 148 or 148 BC. ---- One hundred and forty-nine has its own article. Category:Integers ko:140 ja:140

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