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Westminster, Maryland

Westminster, Maryland

Westminster is a city located in Carroll County, Maryland. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 16,731. It is the county seat of Carroll County. Westminster is the home of McDaniel College and the Carroll County Fair. Westminister is also a partner city with Paide, Estonia. Westminster's zip codes are 21157 and 21158. Just outside of Westminster is the farm at which Whittaker Chambers hid the so-called "pumpkin papers".

Geography

Westminster is located at 39°34'36" North, 77°0'0" West (39.576551, -77.000120). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.8 km² (5.7 mi²). 14.8 km² (5.7 mi²) of it is land and none of it is covered by water.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 16,731 people, 6,420 households, and 3,762 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,131.3/km² (2,929.4/mi²). There are 6,755 housing units at an average density of 456.8/km² (1,182.7/mi²). The racial makeup of the city is 91.28% White, 5.49% African American, 0.23% Native American, 1.20% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.65% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. 1.78% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 6,420 households out of which 32.4% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% are married couples living together, 12.6% have a female householder with no husband present, and 41.4% are non-families. 34.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 14.5% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.35 and the average family size is 3.05. In the city the population is spread out with 24.1% under the age of 18, 14.5% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 16.8% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 33 years. For every 100 females there are 87.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 83.4 males. The median income for a household in the city is $40,477, and the median income for a family is $50,879. Males have a median income of $37,186 versus $28,419 for females. The per capita income for the city is $20,320. 9.6% of the population and 7.9% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 11.5% of those under the age of 18 and 9.5% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Education

Schools include Westminster High School and Winters Mill High School, which opened August of 2002. McDaniel College (f.k.a. Western Maryland College) is home to the summer training camp of the Baltimore Ravens NFL team.

External links

Category:Cities in Maryland Category:Carroll County, Maryland

Carroll County, Maryland

Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maryland. As of 2000, the population is 150,897. It was named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737-1832), signer of the American Declaration of Independence. Its county seat is Westminster. This county is a part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area.

History

Carroll County was created in 1837 from parts of Baltimore and Frederick Counties, see Hundred (division). The first settlers included 3,700 Germans and their impact may still be seen today in the attitudes of its residents.

Law and government

Carroll County is governed by three county commissioners, the traditional form of county government in Maryland. Several times in the past, Carroll County voters have rejected charter amendments that would call for a government consisting of a County Exexutive and a County Council. In 2004 Carroll County voters approved legislation that will expand the number of County Commissioners from three to five. The five Commissioners will be elected from five Commissioner districts, as opposed to three Commissioners elected at-large. This change will occur beginning with the 2006 elections. The current commissioners are:
- Julia Walsh Gouge, President of the Commission, former mayor of Hampstead
- Dean L. Minnich, from Westminster
- Perry L. Jones, Jr., former mayor of Union Bridge

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,172 km² (452 mi²). 1,163 km² (449 mi²) of it is land and 8 km² (3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.72% water.

Demographics

mi² As of the census ² of 2000, there are 150,897 people, 52,503 households, and 41,109 families residing in the county. The population density is 130/km² (336/mi²). There are 54,260 housing units at an average density of 47/km² (121/mi²). The racial makeup of the county is 95.69% White, 2.28% Black or African American, 0.22% Native American, 0.75% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.31% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. 0.99% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 52,503 households out of which 39.70% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.50% are married couples living together, 8.30% have a female householder with no husband present, and 21.70% are non-families. 17.50% of all households are made up of individuals and 7.40% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.81 and the average family size is 3.18. In the county the population is spread out with 27.70% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 30.60% from 25 to 44, 23.90% from 45 to 64, and 10.80% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 94.00 males. The median income for a household in the county is $60,021, and the median income for a family is $66,430. Males have a median income of $44,191 versus $30,599 for females. The per capita income for the county is $23,829. 3.80% of the population and 2.70% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 4.00% of those under the age of 18 and 4.90% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

Cities and towns

- 2 Cities:
- #Taneytown (incorporated 1836)
- #Westminster (incorporated 1818)
- 7 Towns:
- #Hampstead (incorporated 1888)
- #Manchester (incorporated 1833)
- #Mount Airy (incorporated 1894) (This town is partly in Carroll County and partly in Frederick County and Montgomery County.)
- #New Windsor (incorporated 1843)
- #Sykesville (incorporated 1904)
- #Union Bridge (incorporated 1872)
- #Eldersburg
- #Uniontown
- #Jasontown
- Louisville and Gamber are communities not recognized by the Census bureau.

Public schools

The Carroll County Public School system is the ninth largest in the state of Maryland. More than 28,000 students are enrolled in the county's public schools. The school system includes 22 elementary schools (Winfield, Parrs Ridge, Carrolltowne, Cranberry Station, Charles Carroll, Eldersburg, Elmer A. Wolfe, Freedom, Friendship Valley, Hampstead, Linton Springs, Manchester, Mechanicsville, Mt.Airy, Piney Ridge, Robert Moton, Runnymede, Sandymount, Spring Garden, Taneytown, Westminster, and William Winchester), nine middle schools (Mt.Airy, Sykesville, Shiloh, East Middle, West Middle, New Windsor, North Carroll, Oklahoma Road, and Northwest) , seven high schools (South Carroll, Century, Liberty, Westminster, Winters Mill, Francis Scott Key, and North Carroll), two career and technology centers (Westminster, and South Carroll) and an alternative school (Carroll Springs). In testing, the schools typically score slightly above the state and national averages. For example, in the 2003-04 school year, Carroll County students scored 522 on the SAT verbal section and 515 in math, compared to 515 verbal and 511 math statewide and 518 verbal and 508 math nationwide.[http://ccpl.carr.org/ccps/instruction/researchaccount/powerpoints/sat.mht!sat_files/frame.htm] The schools are administered by a superintendent of schools, Dr. Charles "Chuck" Ecker. Ecker started a four-year term in the position on July 1, 2002 and will serve as Superintendent through June 30, 2006. He is assisted by a five-member elected Board of Education; as of 2005, the members are Gary W. Bauer, Laura K. Rhodes (Resigned 2005), Cynthia L. Foley, Thomas G. Hiltz and C. Scott Stone.

Miscellaneous

The newspaper of record is The Carroll County Times.

External links

- [http://ccgov.carr.org Carroll County Government]
- [http://www.carrollk12.org Carroll County Public Schools]
- [http://www.carrollcounty.com Carroll County Times] Category:Maryland counties

County seat

A county seat is an administrative center for a county. In the U.S. New England states and the Canadian Maritime Provinces, the term "shire town" is also used, but officially so only in Vermont. In England, Wales and Ireland, the term county town is used. This term is probably still used colloquially in Scotland and Northern Ireland, but today neither are divided into counties - instead being divided, respectively, into regions and districts. Counties are called "parishes" in Louisiana and Alaska is divided into "boroughs" (here, meaning a very large district or region of the state). Their seats of county government are called "parish seat" and "borough seat," respectively. The Canadian province of Ontario, in addition to counties, also has territorial districts, regional muncipalities, and at least one metropolitan municipality, which are effectively different types of counties in that they perform county government functions. In America as in England and Canada, a county is an administrative division of a state which has no sovereign jurisdiction of its own, so it would not be correct to say that a county seat is equivalent to a capital city since it's just an administrative centre. (See also the article, Counties of the United States.) Counties administer state or provincial law at the local level as part of the decentralisation of state/provincial authority. In many U.S. states, state government is further decentralised by dividing counties into townships, to provide local government services to residents of the county who do not live in incorporated cities or towns. A county seat is often, but not always, an incorporated municipality. The county courthouse and county administration are usually located in the county seat, but some functions may also be conducted in other parts of the county, especially if it is geographically large. Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in Arkansas, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Mississippi have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of the county. An example is Harrison County, Mississippi, which lists both Biloxi and Gulfport as county seats. The practice of multiple county towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement since a county seat is a source of pride (and jobs) for the towns involved. In Virginia, all cities are independent cities, which are legally distinct from the counties that surround them. An independent city interacts with the commonwealth (state) government directly whereas villages and other local government authorities do so through the county government apparatus. However, many of Virginia's independent cities act as the county seat for their neighbouring counties. For example, the City of Fairfax is separate from Fairfax County, but is still the county's seat. Uniquely, because it was formerly part of the District of Columbia, Arlington County, Virginia, which is the smallest county in the United States, has no county seat - because it has no muncipalities within its boundaries. Prior to their retrocession to Virginia during the nineteenth century, Arlington and the neighboring independent city of Arlington were, respectively, Arlington County and Alexandria County - two of the three counties of the District of Columbia. The District as currently drawn was coextensive with the County of Washington, which disappeared in the twentieth century following the amalgamation of Tenley, Anacostia and the other rural and semi-rural towns and villages of Washington County, D.C., to the City of Washington.

References

Category:Capitals Category:U.S. counties ja:郡庁所在地

Carroll County, Maryland

History

Law and government

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,172 km² (452 mi²). 1,163 km² (449 mi²) of it is land and 8 km² (3 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.72% water.

Demographics

Cities and towns

Public schools

Miscellaneous

The newspaper of record is The Carroll County Times.

External links

- [http://ccgov.carr.org Carroll County Government]
- [http://www.carrollk12.org Carroll County Public Schools]
- [http://www.carrollcounty.com Carroll County Times] Category:Maryland counties

McDaniel College

McDaniel College is a private college of the liberal arts and sciences in Westminster, near Baltimore, Maryland, USA with a branch college in Budapest, Hungary.

Number of students

As of 2004 there are 1,600 students from 23 states and 19 countries; 45 percent are men, 55 percent are women. The average class size is fewer than 20 students.

History

The college was founded in 1867 as Western Maryland College, and was probably named for the Western Maryland Railroad because the College's first Board chairman was also the president of the railroad. (The railroad gave no funds to establish the college, nor did the Methodist Church.) It had a voluntary fraternal affiliation with the United Methodist Church from 1868 until 1974. The ties with the United Methodist Church were cut over a court case in which Western Maryland and other religiously affiliated schools in Maryland were being challenged over state funding received by the colleges because of their religious ties. The other schools retained their affiliations and won the case. The college's first building went up in 1867, with an inaugural class of 37 men and women. Western Maryland was the first coeducational institution south of the Mason-Dixon Line, and among the first in the nation. The school's original charter read that the school would exist: "For the benefit of students without regard to race, religion, color, sex, national or ethnic origin ... without requiring or enforcing any sectarian, racial or civil test, and without discrimination on the basis of sex, national or ethnic origin, nor shall any prejudice be made in the choice of any officer, teacher, or other employee in the said college on account of these factors." McDaniel College Budapest (formerly known as Western Maryland College Budapest) was established in collaboration with College International Budapest in 1994. On January 11, 2002, the trustees announced their unanimous decision to change the name of the college. On July 1, 2002, WMC officially became McDaniel College. The new name honors William Roberts McDaniel, honoring his 65-year association with the school. The naming process during the Spring of 2002 included input from students, faculty and alumni about possible names.

Presidents

- Reverend J. T. Ward (1867-1886)
- Dr. Thomas Hamilton Lewis (1886-1920)
- Dr. Albert Norman Ward (1920-1935)
- Bishop Fred G. Holloway (1935-1947)
- Dr. Lowell S. Ensor (1947-1972)
- Dr. Ralph C. John (1972-1984)
- Dr. Robert H. Chambers (1984-2000)
- Dr. Joan Develin Coley (2000-present)

Trivia

- McDaniel College is home to the summer training camp of the Baltimore Ravens NFL team.
- A number of buildings on the campus are considered haunted by locals, including Alumni Hall and Elderdice Hall.

External links

- [http://www.mcdaniel.edu Official homepage of the college]
- [http://www.mcdaniel.hu Official homepage of the Budapest branch]
- [http://www.baltimoresun.com/entertainment/visitor/college/bal-hl-mcdaniel,0,4638597.story?coll=bal-college-features School profile by the Baltimore Sun] Category:Universities and colleges in Maryland

Estonia

The Republic of Estonia, or Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariik or Eesti) is a country in Northern Europe and a member state of European Union since 2004. It is separated from Finland in the north by the narrow Gulf of Finland and from Sweden in the west by the middle part of the Baltic Sea. Estonia has land borders with its fellow Baltic country Latvia to the south and Russia to the east.

History

Human settlement in Estonia became possible when the ice, from the last glacial era, melted away 11,000–13,000 years ago. The oldest known settlement in Estonia was located on the Pärnu River, near the town of Sindi (Pulli settlement, by village Pulli - on right bank of Pärnu River). It dates back to the middle of the 8th millennium BC. Estonia was first christianised when the German "Livonian Sword Brethren" and Denmark conquered the land by 1227. Subsequent foreign powers that controlled Estonia at various times included Denmark, Sweden, Poland and finally (1710 de facto, 1721 de jure, see Treaty of Nystad) Russia. However, the upper classes and the higher middle class remained primarily Baltic German until roughly 1918. During and immediately after World War II, the remaining Germans were forced out by Hitler and, later, Stalin. Following the collapse of Imperial Russia after the October Revolution, Estonia declared itself an independent republic on February 24, 1918. After the Estonian Liberation War and Treaty of Tartu signed in February 2, 1920 Estonia maintained this independence for twenty-two years, and the very same parliamentary government was reinstated in 1992, after the collapse of the Soviet Union. It included a parliament called Riigikogu, elected by all Estonian citizens aged 18 or above. Riigikogu was disbanded in 1934 and the country was ruled by decree by president Konstantin Päts until the parliamentary elections in 1938. The country was occupied by Soviet troops in June 1940, as a consequence of the 1939 Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Many of its political and intellectual leaders were killed or repressed, including Estonia's first president Konstantin Päts, who was deported to Russia. The country was occupied by the German Third Reich from 1941 to 1944, when Soviet forces reconquered it. Estonia regained its independence on August 20, 1991, with the Singing Revolution and the collapse of the Soviet Union. August 20 is now a national holiday in Estonia. The last Russian troops left on August 31, 1994, and Estonia joined NATO on March 29, 2004 and the European Union on May 1, 2004. Estonia signed a border agreement with Russia on May 18, 2005, slightly redefining the border they had been using since 1991, which the Riigikogu, the Estonian parliament, ratified on June 20, 2005. However, Russia took exception to Estonia's preamble to the law, which makes references to the Estonian state's uninterrupted legal continuity during the Soviet period and indirect references to the Soviet occupation of Estonia and announced that it is revoking its signature and that it desires to restart negotiations with Estonia. Estonia has said that there is no need to renegotiate the border and that it has no land claims against Russia.

Politics

2005 Estonia is a constitutional democracy, with a president elected by its unicameral parliament (elections every four years). The government or the executive branch is formed by the prime minister, nominated by the president, and a total of 14 ministers. The government is appointed by the president after approval by the parliament. Legislative power lies with the unicameral parliament, the Riigikogu or State Assembly, which consists of 101 seats. Members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. The supreme judiciary court is the National Court or Riigikohus, with 19 justices whose chairman is appointed by the parliament for life on nomination by the president. Internet voting has already been used in local elections in Estonia, and the lawmakers in Estonia have authorized internet voting for parliamentary elections as well. [http://news.com.com/Estonia+pulls+off+nationwide+Net+voting/2100-1028_3-5898115.html (see COM)].

Counties

Estonia numbers 15 main administrative subdivisions. Due to the geographical and demographic size of these subdivisions, they are to be considered counties rather than states (Estonian: pl. maakonnad; sg. - maakond). Here is a list of them: Internet voting
- Harju County (Estonian: Harjumaa)
- Hiiu County (Estonian: Hiiumaa)
- Ida-Viru County (Estonian: Ida-Virumaa)
- Järva County (Estonian: Järvamaa)
- Jõgeva County (Estonian: Jõgevamaa)
- Lääne County (Estonian: Läänemaa)
- Lääne-Viru County (Estonian: Lääne-Virumaa)
- Pärnu County (Estonian: Pärnumaa)
- Põlva County (Estonian: Põlvamaa)
- Rapla County (Estonian: Raplamaa)
- Saare County (Estonian: Saaremaa)
- Tartu County (Estonian: Tartumaa)
- Valga County (Estonian: Valgamaa)
- Viljandi County (Estonian: Viljandimaa)
- Võru County (Estonian: Võrumaa)

Geography

Võru County Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea on the level northwestern part of the rising east European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 m, and the country's highest point is the Suur Munamägi in the southeast (318 m). Oil shale (or kukersite) and limestone deposits, along with forests which cover 47% of the land, play key economic roles in this generally resource-poor country. Estonia boasts over 1,400 lakes (most very small, with the largest, Lake Peipus, (Peipsi in Estonian) being 3,555 km²), numerous bogs, and 3,794 kilometers of coastline marked by numerous bays, straits, and inlets. The number of islands and islets is estimated at some 1,500, with two of them large enough to constitute their own counties, Saaremaa and Hiiumaa.

Climate

See [http://weather.ee/ Weather] (English), [http://ilm.ee/ Ilm] (Estonian) or [http://pogoda.ee/ Pogoda] (Russian).

Economy

As a member of the European Union, Estonia is part of the world's largest economic zone. In 1999, Estonia experienced its worst year economically since it regained independence in 1991, largely because of the impact of the August 1998 Russian financial crisis. Estonia joined the WTO in November 1999 — the second Baltic state to join — and continued its EU accession talks. Privatization of energy, telecommunications, railways, and other state-owned companies is a continuing process. With assistance from the European Union, the World Bank and the Nordic Bank, Estonia completed most of its preparations for EU membership by the end of 2002 and now has one of the strongest economies of the new members states of the European Union, which Estonia joined on 1 May 2004. The Estonian economy is growing fast, partly due to a number of Scandinavian companies relocating their routine operations and Russian oil transit using Estonian ports. Estonia has a strong information technology (IT) sector. GDP PPP per capita is at $16,461, the highest among the Baltic states. Baltic states, Lääne county]] In 1994, Estonia became among the first in the world to adopt a flat tax, with a uniform rate of 26% regardless of the income a person makes. In January 2005 the personal income tax rate was reduced to 24%. Since January 1, 2000, companies have not had to pay income tax on re-invested income. However, tax is due on profit distributions (incl. hidden distributions) at a rate of 24%. The Estonian government is intending to adopt the euro as the country's currency on 1 January 2007, and finalised the design of Estonia's euro coins in late 2004.

Demographics

Indigenous Estonian-speaking ethnic Estonians constitute nearly 70 percent of the population. First and second generation immigrants from various parts of the former Soviet Union, mainly Russia comprise most of the remaining 30 percent. The latter, mostly Russian-speaking ethnic minorities reside predominantly in the capital city (Tallinn) and the industrial urban areas in northeastern Estonia (Ida-Virumaa county). There is also a small group of Finnish descent. The country's official language is Estonian, which is closely related to Finnish. Russian is also much more widely understood than spoken by 30-70 year old ethnic Estonians because Russian was a compulsory second language in school during the Soviet era. Younger people can usually speak English, having learned it as their first foreign language.

Ethnicity

According to the most recent national census taken in 2003, the population of Estonia comprised the following self-reported ethnic groups:
- 68.4% Estonians
- 25.7% Russians
- 2.1% Ukrainians
- 1.2% Belarusians
- 0.8% Finns
- 1.7% others

Religion

Finns The predominant religion of indigenous ethnic Estonians is the Christian belief in the form the Protestant Evangelical Lutheran confession, however less than a quarter of ethnic Estonians define themselves as active believers at present. Most believers amongst the Russian minority are Eastern Orthodox. The Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople has since 1920s recognised a separate national Estonian Orthodox Church, which has led to strained relations with the Russian Orthodox Church, which claimed sole authority over Orthodox believers in the country during the period of Soviet rule. Today, over 31% of the adult population are active followers of a particular faith, and they are made up of:
- 15% Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church
- 14% Orthodox
- 0.5% Baptists
- 0.5% Roman Catholics There are also a number of smaller Protestant and Jewish groups, as well as some neopagans who revere the local ancient deity Taara.

Culture

Taara
- Estonian mythology
- Music of Estonia
- Tallinn University of Technology
- University of Tartu
- Estonian rock

Miscellaneous topics

- List of famous Estonians
- List of Estonian rulers
- Baltic Germans
- Russians in Estonia
- Foreign relations of Estonia
- List of cities in Estonia
- List of islands of Estonia
- List of municipalities of Estonia
- List of national parks of Estonia
- Transportation in Estonia
- Communications in Estonia
- Crime in Estonia
- List of people on stamps of Estonia
- Military of Estonia
- Eesti Skautide Ühing
- Public holidays in Estonia
- The Estonian State Decorations
- Tourism in the Baltics

External links

- [http://wikitravel.org/en/article/Estonia Estonia at Wikitravel]
- [http://www.ciesin.ee/ESTCG/ Estonia Country Guide]
- [http://www.europe-atlas.com/estonia-map.htm Estonia Map]
- [http://english.eesti.pl Estonia onLine - website about Estonia]
- [http://www.unanenestonie.net/ Estonia Pictures]
- [http://www.estonica.org/ Estonica - from A to Z about Estonia]
- [http://www.riik.ee/en/ Official State Website (eRiik)] - in English
- [http://www.culture.ee Culture events in Estonia]
- [http://webcam.deili.info/en,1,32 Webcam in Estonia]
- [http://www.parks.it/world/EE/Eindex.html Parks in Estonia] - National parks, nature reserves and other protected areas Category:Republics Category:European Union member states roa-rup:Estonia zh-min-nan:Eesti ko:에스토니아 ms:Estonia ja:エストニア simple:Estonia th:ประเทศเอสโตเนีย fiu-vro:Eesti

United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census) is a part of the United States Department of Commerce. Its mission is defined in the Constitution of the United States, which directs that the population be enumerated at least once every ten years (through the U.S. Census), and each state's number of Representatives in Congress determined accordingly. It also is in charge of collecting statistics about the nation, its people, and economy. The Census Bureau's establishment is codified in Title 13 of the United States Code. United States CodeSince 1903, the official census-taking organ of the United States government has been the Bureau of the Census. The Bureau is headed by a Director, assisted by a Deputy Director and an Executive Staff composed of the associate directors. The Bureau has 12 regional offices (Atlanta, Dallas, Los Angeles, Boston, Denver, New York, Charlotte, Detroit, Philadelphia, Chicago, Kansas City, and Seattle) with additional processing centers set up temporarily for the decennial censuses. The sole purpose of the censuses and surveys is to secure general statistical information. Replies are obtained from individuals and establishments only to enable the compilation of such general statistics. The confidentiality of these replies is very important. By law, no one — neither the census takers nor any other Census Bureau employee — is permitted to reveal identifiable information about any person, household, or business. The bureau recognizes four census regions within the United States, and further organizes them into nine divisions. These regions are groupings of states that subdivide the United States for the presentation of data. They should not be construed as bound together by any geographical, historical, or cultural concerns. The regions are as follows:region
- Region 1 (Northeast) :
- Division 1 (New England) :
- Division 2 (Middle Atlantic)
- Region 2 (Midwest) :
- Division 3 (East North Central) :
- Division 4 (West North Central)
- Region 3 (South) :
- Division 5 (South Atlantic) :
- Division 6 (East South Central) :
- Division 7 (West South Central)
- Region 4 (West) :
- Division 8 (Mountain) :
- Division 9 (Pacific) The Census Bureau headquarters is located at 4700 Silver Hill Road, Suitland Maryland.

Reference and external links

- The original version of this article was adapted from [http://www.census.gov/acsd/www/history.html U.S. Census Bureau] text.
- [http://www.census.gov/ United States Census Bureau website]
- [http://www.census.gov/geo/www/garm.html Geographic Areas Reference Manual] from the U.S. Census Bureau contains detailed explanations of geographic terms used in the census. Census Bureau Category:National statistical services Census Bureau Census Bureau ja:アメリカ合衆国統計局

Square mile

:This article is about the unit of measure. The Square Mile is a traditional name for the City of London in the United Kingdom. A square mile is the area equal to a square with sides each 1 mile long. It is not an SI unit. The SI unit of area is the square metre.

Symbol

There is no universally agreed symbol but the following are used:
- square mile
- sq mile
- sq mi
- sq m (this can be confused with square metre)
- mile²
- mi²

Conversions

1 square mile is equivalent to:
- 27 878 400 square feet
- 640 acres
- 2 589 988.11 square metres
- 2.589 988 11 square kilometres In the Public Land Survey System of the US and the Dominion Land Survey of Canada, the size of a standard section of land is one square mile.

2000

This article is about the year 2000. For other uses of 2000, see 2000 (number) or 2000 (breakdancing move). 2000 (MM) is a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. Popular culture also holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium. By strict interpretation of the Gregorian Calendar, however, this distinction falls to the year 2001. This is due to the fact that the first century began with the year 1, and there does not exist a year zero. The first century (or first 100 years AD) was from January 1, in the year one (1 AD) through December 31, in the year one-hundred (100 AD). The second century began on January 1, in the year one-hundred and one (101 AD). The year 2000 is also marked as:
- The International Year for a Culture of Peace.
- The World Mathematical Year. See also Wikipedia's almanac of events for this year.

Events

January

- January 1 - Millennium celebrations take place throughout the world. Y2K passes without the serious, widespread computer failures and malfunctions that had been predicted.
- January 5-January 8 - The 2000 al-Qaida Summit
- January 6 - The last remaining Pyrenean Ibex is found dead.
- January 10 - America On-line announces an agreement to buy Time Warner for $162 billion. This is the largest-ever corporate merger.
- January 11 - the armed wing of Islamic Salvation Front concludes its negotiations with the government for an amnesty and disbands in Algeria.
- January 11 - The trawler Solway Harvester sinks off the Isle of Man.
- January 14 - A United Nations tribunal sentences five Bosnian Croats up to 25 years for the 1993 killing of over 100 Bosnian Muslims in a Bosnian village.
- January 16 - In Sacramento, California a commercial truck carrying evaporated milk is driven into the state capitol building killing the driver.
- January 24 - God's Army, Karen militia group led by twins Johnny and Luther Htoo, take 700 hostages at a Thai hospital near the Burmese border.
- January 30 - St. Louis Rams 23 defeat the Tennessee Titans 16 to win the Super_Bowl_XXXIV
- January 30 - Off the coast of Côte d'Ivoire, Kenya Airways Flight 431 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing 169. Within a day, Alaska Airlines Flight 261 crashes off the California coast into the Pacific Ocean, killing 88.
- January 31 - Dr. Harold Shipman in sentenced to life in prison for murder of at least 15 of his patients out of 365 suspected victims.

February

- February 4 - German extortionist Klaus-Peter Sabotta is jailed for life for attempted murder and extortion in connection with sabotage of German railway lines.
- February 6 - Tarja Halonen is elected the first Finnish female president.
- February 13 - Final original Peanuts comic strip is published.
- February 14 - The spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker entered orbit around asteroid 433 Eros, the first spacecraft to orbit an asteroid.

March

- March 1 - The Constitution of Finland is rewritten.
- March 2 - Hans Blix assumes the position of Executive Chairman of UNMOVIC.
- March 8 - Tokyo train disaster.
- March 9 - FBI arrests suspected purveyor of art forgeries, Ely Sakhai, in New York City.
- March 10 - The NASDAQ Composite Index reaches an all-time high of 5048. ([http://dynamic.nasdaq.com/dynamic/IndexChart.asp?symbol=IXIC&desc=NASDAQ+Composite&sec=nasdaq&site=nasdaq&months=84])
- March 18 - 2000 Taiwanese presidential election: Chen Shui-bian is elected President of the Republic of China (Taiwan).
- March 20 - Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther, is captured after gun battle that left a sheriff's deputy dead.
- March 21 - Pope John Paul II began the first office visit by a Roman Catholic pontiff to Israel.
- March 21 - US Supreme Court ruled the goverment lacked authority to regulate tobacco as an addictive drug, throwing out the Clinton administration's main anti-smoking initiative.
- March 26 - Presidential elections in Russia: Vladimir Putin elected President.
- March 30 - America's Cup 2000 retained by Team New Zealand near Auckland. Prada Challenge 2000 lost 0-5 in a "best-of-9".

April

April.]]
- April 1 - Japanese prime minister Keizo Obuchi suffers a stroke and falls into a coma.
- April 3 - United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.
- April 5 - Yoshiro Mori replaces Obuchi as prime minister of Japan.
- April 7 - Attack submarine ex-Trepang completes being recycled.
- April 16 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, Raja of Perlis dies after a reign of 55 years. He was the longest reigning monarch in the world since the death of Prince Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein.
- April 17 - Tuanku Syed Sirajuddin becomes Raja of Perlis.
- April 22 - In a predawn raid, federal agents seize six-year old Elián González from his relatives' home in Miami, Florida and fly him to his Cuban father in Washington, DC ending one of the most publicized custody battles in US history.
- April 25 - The State of Vermont passes HB847, legalizing Civil Unions for same-sex couples.

May

- May 3 - A rare conjunction occurs on the New Moon including all seven of the traditional celestial bodies known from ancient times up until 1781 with the discovery of Uranus. The May 2000 conjunction consisted of: the Sun and Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn.
- May 3 - Computer pioneer Datapoint Corporation files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
- May 12 - The Tate Modern opens in London.
- May 13 - In Enschede a heavy fireworks explosion kills 20 and leaves an entire neighborhood in ruins.
- May 18 - Boo.com collapses due to lack of funds after six months.
- May 25 - Israel withdraws IDF troops from southern Lebanon after 22 years.
- May 28 - The volcano Mount Cameroon erupts.

June

- June 1 - Mark Mendlan, professional wrestler known by his ring name "Kid Gorgeous," is killed while wrestling at a show in New Hampshire.
- June 7 - U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson of the 4th circuit ordered the breakup of Microsoft Corp.
- June 10 - The New Jersey Devils defeat the Dallas Stars 4 games to 2 to win the 2000 Stanley Cup Finals.
- June 10 - The 2000 European Football Championship begins, hosted jointly by Belgium and the Netherlands.
- June 21 - Section 28, a law preventing the promotion of homosexuality is repealed by the Scottish Parliament.
- June 23 - Palace Backpackers Hostel fire in Childers, Queensland, Australia, kills 15 people.
- June 30 - During a set of the band Pearl Jam at the Roskilde Festival near Copenhagen, 9 die and 26 are injured in the crowd.

July

July
- July 2 - France beat Italy 2-1 to win the 2000 European Football Championship with a golden goal.
- July 2 - Presidential election of Mexico. Vicente Fox wins the Presidency as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party).
- July 10 - In southern Nigeria, a leaking petroleum pipeline explodes killing about 250 villagers who were scavenging gasoline
- July 10 - Death of Denis O Conor Donn, died 10th July 2000, aged 88; succeded by his son, Desmond as The O Connor Donn
- July 18 - Alex Salmond resigns as the leader of the Scottish National Party
- July 25 - A Concorde carrying Air France Flight 4590 crashes just after takeoff from Paris killing all 109 aboard and 5 on the ground.

August

- August 1 - The Santa Cruz Operation announced that it will sell its Server Software and Services Divisions, as well as UnixWare and OpenServer technologies, to Caldera Systems,Inc.
- August 8 - Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley is raised to the surface after 136 years on the ocean floor.
- August 12 - The Russian submarine Kursk sinks in the Barents Sea, resulting in the deaths of all 118 men on board.
- August 14 - The first comic of Megatokyo goes online. This webcomic will later become one of the most popular comics on the web (in terms of page views) and spawn numerous imitators.
- August 25 - the Emulex hoax - wire services publish fraudulent bad news about Emulex
- August 27 - The Ostankino Tower in Moscow catches fire, three people are killed.

September

- September 5 - Tuvalu joins the United Nations.
- September 6 - In New York City, the United Nations Millennium Summit begins with more than 180 world leaders present.
- September 6 - The last wholly Swedish-owned arms manufacturer, Bofors, is sold to American arms manufacturer United Defense
- September 7–14 - The UK fuel protests take place, with refineries blockaded, and supply to the country's network of petrol stations halted.
- September 8 - Albania officially joins the World Trade Organization.
- September 15 - The 2000 Summer Olympics are opened in Sydney, Australia.
- September 16 - Ukrainian journalist Georgiy Gongadze is last seen alive; this day is taken as the commemoration date of his death.
- September 24 - The American Family Association begins lobbying the U.S. Congress to eradicate the National Endowment for the Arts for funding the controversial book One of the Guys by Robert Clark Young
- September 26 - Anti-globalization protests in Prague (some 15,000 protesters) turned violent during the IMF and World Bank summits.
- September 28 - Ariel Sharon leads several hundred armed Israelis in a visit to the Temple Mount. Palestinian civil disorder increases into the Al-Aqsa Intifada.
- September 29 - The Long Kesh prison in Northern Ireland is closed.

October

- October 2 NBC Today Show expanded it to three hours (7:00–10:00 A.M. Eastern Time/Pacific Time; 6:00–9:00 A.M. Central Time/Mountain Time)
- October 5 - President Slobodan Milošević leaves office after widespread demonstrations throughout Serbia and the withdrawal of Russian support.
- October 11 - 250 million gallons of coal sludge spill in Martin County, Kentucky. Considered a greater environmental disaster than the Exxon Valdez oil spill.
- October 12 - In Aden, Yemen, the USS Cole is badly damaged by two suicide bombers who placed a small boat laden with explosives along-side the United States Navy destroyer, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39.
- October 21 15 Arab leaders convened in Cairo, Egypt, for their first summit in four years; the Libyan delegation walked out, angry over signs the summit would stop short of calling for breaking ties with Israel.
- October 22 – Mainichi Shinbun exposes Japanese archeologist Shinichi Fujimura as a fraud; Japanese archaeologists had based their treatises of his findings.
- October 26 - Pakistani authorities announce that their police have found an apparently ancient mummy of a persian princess in the province of Baluchistan. Iran, Pakistan and the Taliban all claim the mummy until Pakistan announces it is a forgery in April 17 2001
- October 31 - Singapore Airlines Flight 006 collides with construction equipment in the Chiang Kai Shek International Airport - 83 dead.
- October 31 - The last Jeremy clone has shut down.

November

November
- November - Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq rejects new U.N. Security Council weapons inspections proposals
- November 1 - Yugoslavia's new democratic government joined the United Nations after eight years of U.N. ostracism under former strongman Slobodan Milosevic.
- November 3 - Widespread flooding throughout England and Wales after days of heavy rain
- November 4 - President Clinton vetoed a bill that would have criminalized the leaking of government secrets.
- November 7 - U.S. presidential election, 2000: Republican challenger George W. Bush defeats Democrat Vice President Al Gore, but the final outcome is not known for over a month because of disputed votes in Florida.
- November 7 - Criminal gang raids the Millennium Dome to steal The Millennium Star diamond but police surveillance catches them in the act
- November 7 - Hillary Rodham Clinton is elected to the United States Senate, becoming the first First Lady of the United States to win public office
- November 11 - Kaprun disaster, Austria, where 155 skiers and snowboarders die when a cable car catches fire in an alpine tunnel.
- November 13 - Richard C. Duncan presents his paper, "The Peak Of World Oil Production And The Road To The Olduvai Gorge", on the Olduvai theory (about the collapse of the industrial civilization), at the Summit 2000 Pardee Keynote Symposia of the Geological Society of America)
- November 14 - Netscape version 6.0 is launched following two years of open source development creating a stable Mozilla web browser upon which it is based
- November 16 - Bill Clinton becomes the first sitting US President to visit Vietnam
- November 17 - Catastrophical landslide in Log pod Mangartom,Slovenia, kills 7, and causes millions of SIT of damage. It is one of the worst catastrophies in Slovenia in the past 100 years.
- November 17 - Alberto Fujimori is removed from office as president of Peru
- November 27 - Canada - Parliamentary elections - Jean Chrétien re-elected as Prime Minister as Liberal Party increases majority in House of Commons
- November 28 - Ukrainian politician Oleksander Moroz touches off the Cassette Scandal by publicly accusing President Leonid Kuchma of involvement in the murder of journalist Georgiy Gongadze.

December

- December 1 - Mexico - Vicente Fox becomes the first opposition President to take office since Francisco I. Madero in 1911. He wins the Presidency as candidate of the rightist PAN (National Action Party).
- December 28 - U.S. retail giant Montgomery Ward announces it is going out of business after 128 years.
- December 30 - Rizal Day Bombings: A series of bombs explode in various places in Metro Manila, Philippines, within a span of a few hours killing 22 and injuring about a hundred.

Unknown Date

- Limited reintroduction of routinely armed police in the UK for the first time since 1936.
- Scientists at University of Szeged's laboratory were first in the world to produce artificial heredity material.
- Millie I. Webb elected president of Mothers Against Drunk Driving.

Births

- February 23 - Max & Sam Christy, American actors
- March 15- Amy and Emily Walton, English actresses
- April 25 - Jacob & Joshua Rips, American actors
- October 6 - Amanda Pace, American actress
- October 20 - Cooper and Oliver Guynes, American actors
- November 8 - Madison and Marissa Poer, actresses

Deaths

January

- January 2 - Patrick O'Brian, English writer (b. 1914)
- January 15 - Fran Ryan, American actress (b. 1916)
- January 19 - Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1934)
- January 19 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (b. 1913)

February

- February 9 - Beau Jack, American boxer (b. 1921)
- February 11 - Roger Vadim, French film director (b. 1928)
- February 12 - Jalacy "Screamin' Jay" Hawkins, American musician (b. 1929)
- February 12 - Tom Landry, American football coach (b. 1924)
- February 12 - Charles M. Schulz, American comic strip artist (b. 1921)
- February 23 - Sir Stanley Matthews, English footballer (b. 1915)

April

- April 6 - Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia (b. 1903)
- April 16 - Tuanku Syed Putra ibni Almarhum Syed Hassan Jamalullail, King of Malaysia (b. 1920)
- April 25 - David Merrick, American stage producer (b. 1911)
- April 29 - Phạm Văn Ðồng, Prime Minister of Vietnam (b. 1906)

May

- May 11 - Paula Wessely, Austrian actress (b. 1907)
- May 12 - Adam Petty, American race car driver (b. 1980)
- May 14 - Keizo Obuchi, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1937)
- May 17 - Donald Coggan, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1909)
- May 19 - Yevgeny Khrunov, cosmonaut

White (U.S. Census)

Race (U.S. Census)

Native American (U.S. Census)

Race (U.S. Census)

Asian (U.S. Census)

Race (U.S. Census)

Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)

Race (U.S. Census)

The United States Census Bureau uses the federal government's definitions of race when performing a census. These definitions have changed in the past and may yet change between censuses. The racial categories are officially described as follows:¹ :The categories represent a social-political construct designed for collecting data on the race and ethnicity of broad population groups in this country, and are not anthropologically or scientifically based. :Furthermore, the race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/meta/long_68186.htm] Racial classification in the 2000 census was based solely on self-identification and, for the first time, did not pre-suppose disjointness: :The question on race asked respondents to report the race or races they considered themselves to be. Both questions are based on self-identification. Nearly seven million Americans identified themselves as members of more than one race in the 2000 census. For the 2000 census the Census Bureau considers race to be separate from Hispanic origin. Because of changes to definitions, the Census Bureau issued the following warning: :The question on race for Census 2000 was different from the one for the 1990 census in several ways. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate their racial identities. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Caution must be used when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the U.S. population over time.

2000 Definitions

The following definitions apply to the 2000 census only.
- White or caucasian refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who indicated their race or races as "White" or wrote in entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Near Easterner, Arab, Polish, or Iranian. (See also Whites)
- Black or African American refers to people having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicated their race or races as "Black, African Am., or Negro", or wrote in entries such as African American, Afro American, Nigerian, or West Indian.
- American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) refer to people having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America), and who maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment. It includes people who indicated their race or races by marking this category or writing in their principal or enrolled tribe, such as Cherokee, Chippewa, Meherrin, or Navajo.
- Asian refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent. It includes people who indicated their race or races as "Asian Indian", "Chinese", "Filipino", "Korean", "Japanese", "Vietnamese", or "Other Asian", or wrote in entries such as Burmese, Hmong, Pakistani, or Thai. (See also: Asian American)
- Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander (NHPI) refers to people having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. It includes people who indicated their race or races as "Native Hawaiian", "Guamanian or Chamorro", "Samoan", or "Other Pacific Islander", or wrote in entries such as Tahitian, Mariana Islander, or Chuukese. (See also: Pacific Islander)
- Some other races were included in 2000 census for respondents who were unable to identify with the five Office of Management and Budget race categories. Respondents who provided write-in entries such as South African, Belizean, of a Hispanic origin (for example, Mexican, Puerto Rican, or Cuban), or even "American" are included in the "Some other race" category. Most of the people who define themselves as some other race are Mexican Americans who often call themselves "the Mexican race".
- Two or more races refers to multiracial people. The 2000 U.S. Census provides for a combination of up to six different races.

Footnote

The same language has been used for many years. See for example:
- [http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/ombdir15.html Federal Register Notice October 30, 1997]
- [http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-02-001.html AMENDMENT: NIH POLICY AND GUIDELINES ON THE INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES AS SUBJECTS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH - OCTOBER, 2001] Black people are the only group represented without the description of "original".

References

- [http://www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/race/racefactcb.html Racial and Ethnic Classifications Used in Census 2000 and Beyond]
- [http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/c2kbr01-1.pdf Census 2000 Brief: Race and Hispanic Origin] (PDF document)
- [http://www.asianracedefinition.zoomshare.com Asian-American 2000 Census Race Definiton in Detail] Category:Demographics of the United States

Hispanic (U.S. Census)

Race (U.S. Census)

Latino (U.S. Census)

Race (U.S. Census)

Per capita income

The per capita income for a group of people may be defined as their total personal income, divided by the total population. Per capita income is usually reported in units of currency per year.

Per capita income as a measure of wealth

Per capita income is often used as a measure of the wealth of the population of a nation, particularly in comparison to other nations. It is usually expressed in terms of a commonly-used international currency such as the Euro or United States dollar, and is useful because it is widely known and produces a straightforward statistic for comparison. Particularly when comparing countries with substantially different levels of wealth, however, it has several weaknesses as a measurement.
- Economic activity that does not result in monetary income, such as services provided within the family, or for barter, are usually not counted. The importance of these services will vary widely between different economies, both between countries and among different groups within a country. See: Informal economy
- Per capita income gives no indication of the distribution of that income within the country, so a small wealthy class can increase the measured per-capita income far above that of the majority of the population. See: Income inequality metrics
- Differing currency exchange rates between countries mean that a given amount of money (for example, one US dollar) has differing values in different places. See: Purchasing power

Some national per capita income levels

Data on Per capita income based on a country's total personal income is very difficult to find. Much more commonly used due to its availability is the Gross domestic product (GDP). Total personal income is lower than the Gross domestic income. A ranking of the (probably) top ten countries by GDP per capita (in PPP): # Luxembourg $58,900 # United States $40,100 # Norway $40,000 # Jersey $40,000 # Guernsey, $40,000 # Bermuda $36,000 # San Marino $34,600 # Hong Kong, $34,200 # Switzerland $33,800 # Cayman Islands $32,300 The lowest-ranked is East Timor with a per capita GDP of $400 Source: CIA World Factbook, 2005

Westminster High School (Maryland)

Westminster High School is a large, academically and athletically formidable high school located in Westminster, Maryland, United States. The school has a population of approximately 2,200 students. It is the largest in Carroll County and one of the largest in the state of Maryland. The school was established in 1899 and moved to its present location in 1979. Among its students are several who have received state-wide publicity. The school is regarded as a superior institution among other Marylanders, and far surpasses its sister schools in academic achievement and athletic prowess.

Sniper shootings

During the 2002 Beltway sniper attacks, state officials worried that the school would be a particularly tantalysing target for John Allen Muhammad, and security measures were taken. For several weeks, the large lobby in the school was cleared of all personel and extracurricular student activities were canceled. These restrictions were lifted upon the snipers' capture.

Tragedy

A series of car accidents in recent years have taken the lives of several students. In 2003, a seventeen-year-old student was killed just minutes from the campus. She and her twin brother were waiting at a red light when they were side-swiped by a mini-van. Most recently, two students were killed in 2005 and one other rendered comatose in a separate car crash. Category:High schools in Maryland Category:Schools established in the 1890s

McDaniel College

McDaniel College is a private college of the liberal arts and sciences in Westminster, near Baltimore, Maryland, USA with a branch college in Budapest, Hungary.

Number of students

As of 2004 there are 1,600 students from 23 states and 19 countries; 45 percent are men, 55 percent are women. The average class size is fewer than 20 students.

History

Presidents

Trivia

External links

NFL

The National Football League (NFL) is the largest professional American football league, consisting of thirty-

Westminster, Maryland

Geography

Demographics

Education

External links

Carroll County, Maryland

History

Law and government

Geography

Demographics

Cities and towns

Public schools

Miscellaneous

External links

County seat

References

Carroll County, Maryland

History

Law and government

Geography

Demographics

Cities and towns

Public schools

Miscellaneous

External links

McDaniel College

Number of students

History

Presidents

Trivia

External links

Estonia

History

Politics

Counties

Geography

Climate

Economy

Demographics

Ethnicity

Religion

Culture

Miscellaneous topics

Further reading

External links

United States Census Bureau

Reference and external links

Square mile

Symbol

Conversions

See also

2000

Events

Unknown Date

Births

Deaths

January

February

April

May

White (U.S. Census)

Native American (U.S. Census)

Asian (U.S. Census)

Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)

Race (U.S. Census)

2000 Definitions

Footnote

References

Hispanic (U.S. Census)

Latino (U.S. Census)

Per capita income

Per capita income as a measure of wealth

Some national per capita income levels

See also

Westminster High School (Maryland)

Sniper shootings

Tragedy

McDaniel College

Number of students

History