:: wikimiki.org ::
| Developer |
Developer::For the specific role of developers in Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Administrators.
A developer can be one of:
- A software developer, one who programs computers or designs the system to match the requirements of a systems analyst.
- A real estate developer, one who builds on land or changes and enhances the use of an existing building for some new purpose or to better effect.
- Photographic developer is a chemical, often a mixture of metol and hydroquinone, which converts the latent silver halide image in the exposed photograph material into reduced, opaque, black silver metal.
Wikipedia:Administrators
Administrators are Wikipedians who have "SysOp rights".
Current (de facto) Wikipedia policy is to grant this access liberally to anyone who has been an active Wikipedia contributor for a while and is generally a known and trusted member of the community. In practice, standards have generally risen. However, there are several administrators created every week.
Request assistance - Full list of Administrators - Requests for adminship
"This should be no big deal," according to Jimmy Wales.
In the early days of Wikipedia all users acted as administrators and in principle they still should. Any user can behave as if they are an administrator, provided that they do not falsely claim to be one, even if they have not been given the extra administrative functions. Users doing so are more likely to be nominated as full administrators by members of the community and more likely to be chosen when they are finally nominated.
The community does look to administrators to perform essential housekeeping chores that require the extra access administrators are entrusted with. Among them are watching the Articles for deletion debates and carrying out the consensus of the community on keeping or deleting these articles, keeping an eye on new and changed articles to swiftly delete obvious vandalism, and meeting user requests for help that require administrative access. Since administrators are expected to be experienced members of the community, users seeking help will often turn to an administrator for advice and information.
So, what's the deal?
The wiki software has a few important features that are restricted. Of those restricted features, administrators have access to the following. (New admins, see Wikipedia:Administrator's how-to guide.)
Protected pages
- Edit the Main Page, and other protected pages. For information and guidelines, see Wikipedia:Editing the main page. You can suggest changes at Talk:Main Page. The main page used to receive a lot of vandalism; protecting it is an unfortunate compromise to keep our welcome mat free of random profanity.
- Protect and unprotect pages. Pages are only protected in certain rare circumstances - for information and guidelines, see Wikipedia:Protection policy.
Deletion and undeletion
- Delete pages and their history. For information and guidelines, see both Wikipedia:deletion policy and (most definitely) Wikipedia:Deletion guidelines for administrators. To suggest a page for deletion (after reading the policy and guidelines pages!), see Wikipedia:Articles for deletion. Sometimes deletion is a technical matter, in which a redirection page has to be removed to make way for renaming an article, or a page whose history has been broken up has to be deleted and the pieces recombined. Other times it's a matter of cleaning up simple junk edits on pages with no actual content, or removing material that has been pasted in from another site and infringes copyright.
- View and restore deleted pages and their history. See Wikipedia:Undeletion for guidelines. To challenge an already made decision to delete a page, see Wikipedia:Votes for undeletion.
- Permanently delete images. This is a non-reversible change: once deleted, always deleted. For information and guidelines, see Wikipedia:Image use policy. To suggest an image to delete (after reading the policy), see Wikipedia:Images for deletion. To challenge a decision to delete an image, make sure that you still have a copy of the image (else there is no way to restore it), then see Wikipedia:Votes for undeletion. Note that there is no particular reason that image deletion should not be reversible; this is simply the way the software works at present.
Reverting
- Revert pages quickly. Any user (logged-in or not) can revert a page to an earlier version. Administrators have a faster, automated reversion tool to help them revert vandalism by anonymous editors. When looking at a user's contributions, a link that looks like: [rollback] – appears next to edits that are at the top of the edit history. Clicking on the link reverts to the last edit not authored by that user, with an edit summary of (Reverted edits by X to last version by Y) and marks it as a minor change.
- Do not use one-click rollback on edits that are not simple vandalism; please use manual rollback with an appropriate edit summary.
Enforcement of Arbitration Committee rulings
Admins have the authority to enforce rulings by the Arbitration Committee.
See Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Admin enforcement requested.
Hiding vandalism from recent changes
- Admins can hide vandalism from Recent changes. To do this, add &bot=1 to the end of the URL used to access a user's contributions. For example, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Contributions&target=Example&bot=1. When the rollback links on the contributions list are clicked, the revert and the original edit that you are reverting will both be hidden from the default Recentchanges display (by using the marker originally added to keep massive bot edits from flooding recentchanges, hence the "bot"). This means that they will be hidden from recent changes unless you click the "bots" link to set hidebots=0. The edits are not hidden from contributions lists, page histories or watchlists. The edits remain in the database and are not removed, but they no longer flood Recentchanges. The aim of this feature is to reduce the annoyance factor of a flood vandal with relatively little effort. This should not be used for reverting a change you just don't like, but is meant only for simple vandalism, particularly massive flood vandalism.
Block and unblock
- Block IP addresses, IP ranges, and user accounts, for a specific time, or indefinitely.
- Unblock IP addresses, IP ranges, and user accounts.
- See Wikipedia:Blocking policy for more information on when blocks are appropriate and when they are not. See Special:Ipblocklist for currently blocked addresses and usernames
Design and wording of the interface
- As of 6 December, 2003, admins can change the text of the interface by editing the pages in the MediaWiki namespace. This includes the text at the top of pages such as the "Special:Whatlinkshere" and the page that a blocked user will see when they try to edit a page (MediaWiki:Blockedtext).
- As of 3 June, 2004, admins can edit the style of the interface by changing the CSS in the monobook stylesheet at MediaWiki:Monobook.css.
Becoming an administrator
If you would like sysop access add your name to Wikipedia:Requests for adminship according to the guidelines mentioned there, and a voting will take place by fellow editors in order to determine if you should become an administrator.
It is recommended that you write for Wikipedia for a while before requesting administrator status, since other users will have to recognize you before they can agree on your promotion.
Also keep in mind that each language's Wikipedia has its own policies for administrators, which may differ somewhat.
Be careful, please!
If you are granted access, we ask that you exercise care in using these functions, especially the ability to delete pages and their history, to delete images (which is permanent!), and the ability to block IP addresses. You can learn about your newfound powers at the Wikipedia:Administrators' how-to guide. You should also take a look at the pages linked from the Administrators' reading list before using any of your admin abilities.
Places where admins in particular can assist
Admin rights can be particularly helpful for working in certain areas of Wikipedia.
- Incidents that may require admin intervention
- 3RR violations
- Intervention against vandalism
- Copyright problems
- Candidate speedy deletion pages
- Admins will also find their rights useful for RC patrolling.
Other access types
In addition to administrators, there are other types of identified users, listed here in roughly ascending order of power. Administrators lie between signed-in users and bureaucrats on this list.
Signed-in users
Users with ordinary access, including visitors who haven't "signed in," can still do most things, including the most important: editing articles and helping with Wikipedia maintenance tasks.
But only signed-up users can upload files, move pages, create their own user page or rename pages; see Special:Userlogin to sign up for yourself.
Bureaucrats
Users with "bureaucrat" status can turn other users into sysops (but not remove sysop status). Bureaucrats are created by other bureaucrats on projects where these exist, or by stewards on those who don't yet have one. Sysoppings are recorded in Special:Log/rights Wikipedia:Bureaucrat log. Sysoppings by stewards are recorded at Meta:Special:Log/rights but the few stewards who actively sysop users on the English Wikipedia do so using their local bureaucrat status, making this distinction rather academic.
Stewards
Users with "steward" status can change the access of any user on any Wikimedia project. This includes granting and revoking sysop access, and marking users as bots. Their actions are recorded at Special:Log/rights on meta. Requests for their assistance can be made at m:requests for permissions. Normally, they will not perform actions that can be carried out by a local bureaucrat.
Developers
The highest degree of technical access (actually a group of levels, the difference between all but the lowest of which isn't really visible to users) is "developer", for those who can make direct changes to the Wikipedia software and database. These people, by and large, do not carry out administrative functions, aside from sock puppet checks and reattributing edits.
They can be contacted via the wikitech-l mailing list. See m:Developer for a list of developers and further information.
Administrator abuse
Administrators can be removed if they abuse their powers. Currently, administrators may be removed either at the request of Jimbo Wales or by a ruling of the Arbitration Committee. At their discretion, lesser penalties may also be assessed against problematic administrators, including the restriction of their use of certain powers or placement on administrative probation. The technical ability to remove administrator status rests with the stewards.
Dealing with grievances
If you think an administrator has acted improperly against you or another editor, you should express your concerns directly to the administrator responsible. Try to come to a resolution in an orderly and civil manner. However, if the matter is not resolved between the two parties, you can take further action according to Wikipedia:Dispute resolution. There have been a number of alternative procedures suggested for the removal of sysop status but none of them have achieved consensus.
Administrators
zh-min-nan:Wikipedia:Hêng-chèng jîn-oân
als:Wikipedia:Administratoren
ko:위키백과:관리자
ms:Wikipedia:Penyelia
ja:Wikipedia:管理者
simple:Wikipedia:Administrators
th:วิกิพีเดีย:ผู้ดูแลระบบ
Software developer
A software developer is a programmer who is concerned with one or more facets of the software development process, a somewhat broader scope of computer programming. This person may contribute to the overview of the project on the application level rather than component level or individual programming tasks. Software developers are often still guided by lead programmers but also encompasses the class of freelance software developers.
Other names which are often used in the same close context are software analyst and software engineer.
As time passes, differences between system design, software development and programming are more apparent. Already in the current market place there can be found a segregation between programmers and developers, being that one who actually implements is not the same as the one who designs the class structure or hierarchy. Even more so that developers become systems architects, those who design the multi-leveled architecture or component interactions of a large software system. (see also Debate over who is a software engineer)
References
# "[http://software.ericsink.com/No_Programmers.html Small ISVs: You need Developers, not Programmers]", Eric Sink, Founder of [http://www.sourcegear.com SourceGear], accessed August 20, 2005
See also
- Software engineering
- Software development process
Category:Computer specialistsCategory:Software
th:ผู้พัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์
Computer programming
Computer programming (often simply programming) is the craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program. Programming has elements of art, science, mathematics, and engineering.
Programming languages
Main article: programming language
A programmer writes source code in a particular programming language.
Different programming languages support different styles of programming (called programming paradigms). Part of the art of programming is selecting one of the programming languages best suited for the task at hand. Different programming languages require different levels of detail to be handled by the programmer when implementing algorithms, often resulting in a compromise between ease of use and performance (a trade-off between "programmer time" and "computer time").
The only programming language a computer can directly execute is machine language (sometimes called "machine code"). Originally all programmers worked out every detail of the machine code, but this is hardly ever done anymore. Instead, programmers write source code, and a computer (running a compiler, an interpreter or occasionally an assembler) translates it through one or more translation steps to fill in all the details, before the final machine code is executed on the target computer. Even when complete low-level control of the target computer is required, programmers write assembly language, whose instructions are mnemonic one-to-one transcriptions of the corresponding machine language instructions.
In some languages, an interpretable p-code binary (or byte-code) is generated, rather than machine language. Bytecode is used in the popular Java programming language by Sun Microsystems as well as Microsoft's recent .NET family of languages and Visual Basic previous to the .NET version.
Software development
Main article: software engineering
Software is a mass noun for computer programs and data. The accompanying documentation and software license are also considered an essential part of the software, even though they don't involve any actual coding.
Creating software involves:
- Requirements Analysis
- Specification
- Design and Architecture
- Coding
- Compilation
- Testing
- Documentation
- Maintenance
See software engineering for more details.
External links
- [http://www.techbooksforfree.com/ Programming books available for free download]
- [http://www.techbookreport.com/ProgIndex.html TechBookReport] - reviews of books on all aspects of computer programming - including programming language tutorials, best practices, methodologies etc
- [http://www.gamemaker.nl/ Game Maker]
Category:Programming
ko:프로그래밍
ja:プログラミング
Real estate developerA real estate developer (American English) or property developer (British English) makes improvements of some kind to real property, thereby increasing its value. The developer may be an individual, but is more often a partnership, limited liability company or corporation.
There are two major categories of real estate development activity: land development and building development (also known as project development).
Land developers
Land developers typically acquire raw land (real property with no improvements or infrastructure) and improve it with utility connections, roads, earth grading, covenants, and entitlements. Infrastructure improvement provides a base for further development of built improvements. Covenants define the context in which future development of built improvements may take place (often in the form of deed restrictions on particular parcels: a sort of "private zoning code" limited only to those properties). Entitlements are secured legal permissions from regulatory bodies (typically in the form of permits, but sometimes in the form of re-zoning or planned unit developments). Once these improvements have been made to the raw land, it is typically subdivided and sold piecemeal at a profit to Building Developers or individuals.
Building developers
Building developers acquire raw land, improved land, and/or redevelopable property in order to construct building projects. The buildings are then sold entirely or in part to others (usually for a significant profit), or retained as assets to produce cash flow via rents and other means. Some building developers have their own internal departments for designing and constructing buildings (more common among smaller developers), while others subcontract these parts of the work to third parties (typical of larger developers).
Where do developers come from?
Although there are specific educational programs which are tailored to teaching real estate finance with an emphasis on development (typical MBA programs at university-level business schools), most real estate developers enter the business from other professional areas. Most often, persons in related fields (architecture, accounting, engineering, construction, planning, etc.) enter into real estate development via personal interest and opportunity, and then choose to make a career out of it if successful. An educational background in finance is typically a prerequisite for obtaining employment with an established development company. Real estate development requires extensive and complex financing arrangements to be successful, as few people or organizations have the money to undertake development projects on their own (see below).
The business of real estate development
Real estate development is first and foremost a cash flow business.
Real estate is, by its nature, an expensive non-liquid asset. This means that it costs a lot of money to own it, and it can be difficult to sell. In development activity, there are also the added costs of improvements themselves (typically called "hard costs") and the fees of various and sundry consultants necessary to get the work done properly (typically called "soft costs"). Because expense is high, sale is difficult, and return on investment is delayed, real estate investment is inherently risky. A large part of the work of developers is the management of risk.
Because the amounts of money involved are typically very large, a majority of real estate development projects are financed with a large amount of debt leverage. While more leverage increases potential profit, it also magnifies risks and builds in a periodic negative cash flow (regular payments on the debt). Projects will generally be profitable if the upfront commitment of cash is kept to a minimum and the project can quickly start generating a positive cash flow sufficient to cover debt service.
There are almost as many ways to finance a real estate development project as there are development projects. However, most financing arrangements fall into a few broad categories:
- Private investors (pension funds, insurance funds, wealthy individuals, joint ventures, etc.)
- Public investors (REITs, share offerings, public-private partnerships, etc.)
- Private debt (individual loans, bank mortgages, construction loans, etc.)
- Public debt (redevelopment loans, etc.)
- Private grants (non-profit target grants, etc.)
- Public grants (anti-blight subsidies, affordable housing credits, tax incentives, historic preservation grants, etc.)
- Equity financing (use of cash flows from other projects owned by the developer)
- Subordination
Successful real estate developers can become enormously wealthy due to the large sums of money being transacted and the value of the assets they control. However, because of the illiquidity of their assets, they are also very often cash-poor. Inability to remain cash solvent is the primary cause of business failure for real estate developers.
The process of real estate development
Although the process for development of real estate varies from project to project, the various phases can be categorized roughly as follows (in approximate chronological order):
- Market research
- Site selection / feasibility analysis
- Due diligence / preliminary pro forma
- Property acquisition
- Project design / refined pro forma
- Obtain entitlements
- Financing / final pro forma
- Construction
- Lease-up / sales
- Operation (in cases where the project is retained as an asset)
Notable developers
- Donald Trump
- Chicago Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf
- Richie King
- James Rouse
- Microsoft founder, Paul Allen
- The Irvine Company
- Harry Helmsley, deceased husband of Leona Helmsley
- Forrest City Companies
- The Related Companies
- The Related Group of Florida
- Pulte Homes
- Toll Brothers
- Lennar
- Novare
- Engel Homes
External links
- [http://www.uli.org The Urban Land Institute] - A professional association for real estate developers and related professions
Category:Real estate
Metol
Metol (or Elon, in Eastman Kodak parlance) is a developing agent used in photographic developers. In its pure form, it is a solid rather light-sensitive chemical which is the sulfate salt of para-(methylamino)phenol.
Because it has been in use for this purpose for over 100 years and often by amateur photographers , there is a wide body of evidence about the health problems that contact with Metol can cause. These are principally local dermatitis of the hands and fore-arms as well as some evidence of sensitization dermatitis in which subsequent exposure triggers of a chronic condition that is resistant to medication. The use of Metol in highly caustic solutions and the presence of other materials in dark-rooms that have been implicated in dermatitis such as Cr(VI) salts, may exacerbate some health impacts.
External Reference Link
- [http://www.chemexper.com/index.shtml?main=http://www.chemexper.com/search/cas/55-55-0.html ChemExper.com - Metol]
Category:Photographic chemicals Rica Seilet HotelRica Seilet Hotel is a high rise building in Molde, Norway. The building is a hotel which was opened 11. september 2002. At 16 floors and 82 meters, this is the tallest building in Molde. The tower has become a famous attraction, even though it was meet with large opposition before the building was approved. The hotel contains 170 rooms, 10 meeting rooms, 2 bars and a restaurant. Next to the hotel, sharing the same entrance with the hotel lies Bjørnsonhuset. Bjørnsonsplassen is situated infront of the hotel with a parking lot built in stones, surrounded with a garden of thousands roses.
Rica Seilet Hotel is located a few steps west of downtown Molde and is a neighbour of Molde Stadion its with 11,167 seats. The architect behind Rica Seilet and Bjørnsonhuset is Kjell Kosberg in Kosbergs Arkitektkontor AS. The construction of the hotel and Bjørnsonhuset was started by the Norwegian princess Märtha Louise, 5 August 2001.
External links
- [http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=71509 Information and a image gallery from Rica Seilet]
Category:Hotels in Norway
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