Florida er en stat i USA. Den kaldes også Solskinsstaten og er et yndet tilbagetrækningsmål for amerikanske pensionister. Staten blev optaget som USA's 27. stat 3. marts1845.
Hovedstaden i delstaten er Tallahassee. Der anlægger også en del krydstogtskibe.
Florida ligger tæt på Cuba, og der bor derfor mange eksilcubanere i Florida.
I Everglades findes alligatorer.
John F. Kennedy Space Center er NASAs affyringskompleks ved Cape Canaveral på Merrit Island i Florida. Centeret dækker et område på 567 km² og ligger lige ved siden af Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, som er flyvevåbnets tilsvarende facilitet.
Området har været brugt af militæret siden 1949, hvor det i første omgang blev brugt til at teste missiler. Efter at NASA blev stiftet i 1958 blev området lavet om til et affyringskompleks. Med starten på rumprogrammet i 1962 blev området udvidet kraftigt og det var da også herfra at Apollo fartøjerne blev affyret.
Oprindeligt hed centeret Launch Operations Center, men det blev omdøbt efter mordet på John F. Kennedy i 1963. Siden rumprogrammets ophør har centeret bl.a. fungeret som affyringssted for rumfærgerne.
Kategori:Rumfartja:ケネディ宇宙センター
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station er det amerikanske militærs rumaffyringsstation på østkysten. Komplekset ligger på Cape Canaveral i Florida ved siden af NASAs affyringskompleks John F. Kennedy Space Center.
Området blev fra 1949 brugt af militæret til testaffyringer af missiler. Senere blev det stedet hvor det amerikanske rumprogram tog sin begyndelse. Efter stiftelsen af NASA i 1958 fungerede det stadig som affyringsstation for NASA, og de tidlige bemandede rumflyvninger blev afsendt herfra. Senere blev bl.a. rumsonderne Voyager 1 og 2 affyret herfra. Derudover er en lang række satellitter blevet affyret fra centret, som stadig står for afffyringen af Delta IV og Atlas V raketterne.
Kategori:Rumfart
John Fitzgerald Kennedy (29. maj1917 - 22. november1963), ofte blot omtalt som JFK eller "Jack Kennedy", var fra 1961 til 1963 USA's 35. præsident. Bror til bl.a. Robert Francis "Bobby" Kennedy og Edward Moore "Ted" Kennedy.
Kennedy blev valgt til den amerikanske kongres (Repræsentanternes Hus) i 1946, samme år som Richard Nixon, og i 1952 blev han valgt til Senatet.
I 1954 forsøgte Kennedy uden held at blive opstillet til vicepræsident, men han tabte en kampafstemning på det demokratiske konvent til Senator Estes Kafauver fra Tennessee.
Kennedy blev genvalgt til Senatet i 1958 og i 1960 blev han opstillet som demokraternes præsidentkandidat.
Kennedy var den hidtil yngste, der var blevet valgt til præsident (om end Theodore Roosevelt var nogle måneder yngre da han blev præsident ved William McKinleys død), og han var den første romersk-katolske præsident. Han vandt over vicepræsident Richard Nixon, Eisenhowers vicepræsident i et meget tæt valgt i 1960.
Han er bl.a. kendt for den cubanske missilkrise hvor den kolde krig var tæt på kanten til at blive varm. Han intensiverede desuden rumkapløbet ved offentligt at sætte det mål at sætte en mand på månen og sikkert få ham tilbage igen inden ti-året var omme.
Trods Kennedys popularitet nu skal man ikke glemme, at temmelig mange dengang i USA opfattede ham som alt for liberal. For resten af verden stod han som eksponent for den globale amerikaner, der bl.a. skabte Fredskorpset (The Peace Corps). Her kunne unge mennesker hjælpe den tredje verden som alternativ til krigstjenste.
I sin stab havde Kennedy en skribent med danske aner Ted Sorensen, der lagde pen til mange af Kennedys nu berømte taler.
Efter attentatet på Kennedy blev vicepræsident Lyndon B. Johnson taget i ed som den 36. præsident.
Billede:Us-halv-dollar-jfk-1964-forside_150.jpg Mønt som minde om Præsident Kennedy
Konspirationsteorierne
Mordet på John F. Kennedy rystede samtiden som en katastrofe og som efter de fleste katastrofer opstod en række konspirationsteorier, med mere eller mindre hold i virkeligheden.
I foråret 1941, meldte Kennedy sig frivilligt til hæren men han blev afvist primært på grund af problemer med ryggen. I september samme år accepterede flåden ham dog. Han deltog i Stillehavskrigen hvor han tilsidst opnåede løjtnantsgraden og anførte en torpedo båd.
Den 2. august, 1943, tog Kennedy's båd, PT-109, del i et natangreb nær ved New Georgia (der er i nærheden af Salomonøerne) da båden blev vædret af en Japansk destroyer. Kennedy blev kastet tværs over dækket hvorved han skadede sin allerede problematiske ryg. På trods deraf trak Kennedy en såret mand efter sig næsten 5 kilometer igennem havet. Han nåede tilsidst frem til en ø hvorfra hans besætning tilsidst blev reddet. For sine handlinger modtog Kennedy en medalje.
prostitute
Born in Rochester, Michigan, Wuornos had what was by most accounts a traumatic childhood. Her father, a psychopathic child molester, left her mother before Aileen was born, and later committed suicide in prison when she was 13 (1969). Her mother abandoned her and her brother, Keith, in 1960, leaving them in the care of their grandparents, Lauri and Britta Wuornos.
Wuornos later said that Lauri physically and sexually abused her as a child, that Britta was an abusive alcoholic, and that they both claimed to be her actual parents until she was twelve. She also claimed to have had sex with multiple partners, including her brother, at a young age.
Wuornos became pregnant at age fourteen (she gave the baby up for adoption), which supported her claim of early sexual activities. After Britta died later that year (officially of liver failure, although Wuornos' mother later accused Lauri of killing her), Wuornos ran away from home and turned to prostitution, traveling around the country and supporting herself with sex up until her arrest for murder years later. She was arrested multiple times throughout the 1970s and 1980s for crimes including drunk driving and shoplifting, as well as prostitution.
Murders and arrest
A storeowner in Palm Harbor, Florida, named Richard Mallory took a ride with Wuornos on November 30, 1989, and became her first victim. Over the next two years, five subsequent victims were found; one other is still missing. Wuornos was eventually identified when she and her girlfriend Tyria Moore had an accident while driving a victim's car. She was apprehended a few months later.
Wuornos cited self defense for Mallory's murder, maintaining that he had attempted to rape her. She was convicted for this first murder in January 1992 with help from Moore's testimony. In November of the same year, Dateline NBC reporter Michele Gillens uncovered that Mallory had served 10 years for violent rape in another state. Despite this, Wuornos was never given a re-trial.
Trials and appeals
During the trial, she was adopted by Arlene Pralle and her husband, after Pralle had a dream in which she was told to take care of Wuornos. Despite Pralle's help, her appeal to the Supreme Court was denied in 1996.
Publicity
1996
Within weeks of her arrest, Wuornos had engaged agents to sell the rights to her story, and so had three of the law enforcement agents who had been tracking her down. Touted as "the first female serial killer" (which she was not), Wuornos' life has been documented in numerous books and portrayed in several films and television shows.
- Books: Lethal Intent (2002), ISBN 0786015187, by Sue Russell - Documentaries: Nick Broomfield directed two documentaries about her: Aileen Wuornos: The Selling of a Serial Killer (1992), and Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer (2003). Broomfield conducted the last media interview with Wuornos on the day before her execution.
- Movies: The 2003 movie Monster, starring Charlize Theron, tells Wuornos' story from the moment she met Selby Walls, the first person in her life who showed some kindness towards her (the Walls character was based on Wuornos' lover and four-year companion, Tyria Moore) until her first conviction for murder. For her performance as Wuornos, Theron received the Academy Award for Best Actress. This award was given on what would have been Wuornos' birthday, although this was not mentioned in Theron's acceptance speech.
- Television: 1992 made-for-television movie Overkill: The Aileen Wuornos Story, starring Jean Smart as Wuornos, was first broadcast in 1992. Wuornos has also been featured on 60 Minutes, A&E, and Court TV.
- Music: Diamanda Galás, who calls Wuornos "a huge hero" [http://www.diamandagalas.com/press/terrorizor0798.htm], dedicated to her the song Iron Lady on the album Malediction and Prayer.
Quotes
- (to the jurors who convicted her) "May your wife and children get raped, right in the ass."
- "They say it's the number of people I killed, I say it's the principle."
- "To me, this world is nothing but evil, and my own evil just happened to come out 'cause of the circumstances of what I was doing."
- "They're daring me to kill again."
Execution and last words
After her first death sentence, Wuornos often said she wanted it all to be over. In 2001 she began fighting to be executed as soon as possible. She petitioned the Florida Supreme Court for the right to fire her legal counsel and stop all appeals, wording her request so as to forestall any objection: "I'm one who seriously hates human life and would kill again." Some have argued that she was in no state for them to honor such a request.
Wuornos was executed by lethal injection (which she requested instead of the electric chair) at 9:47 a.m., Wednesday, 9 October2002. Her last words:
:I'd just like to say I'm sailing with the Rock and I'll be back like Independence Day with Jesus, June 6, like the movie, big mothership and all. I'll be back.
After her execution, she was cremated, and her ashes were taken to her native Michigan and spread around a tree.
She had requested that Natalie Merchant's (from the group 10,000 Maniacs) song "Carnival" be played at her funeral. Natalie Merchant commented on this when asked why her song was run during the credits of the documentary Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer.
:"When director Nick Broomfield sent a working edit of the film, I was so disturbed by the subject matter that I couldn't even watch it. Aileen Wuornos led a tortured, torturing life that is beyond my worst nightmares. It wasn't until I was told that Aileen spent many hours listening to my album Tigerlily while on death row and requested 'Carnival' be played at her funeral that I gave permission for the use of the song. It's very odd to think of the places my music can go once it leaves my hands. If it gave her some solace, I have to be grateful."
Wuornos was the tenth woman in the U.S. to be executed since the reintroduction of the death penalty in 1976, and the second woman in Florida to be executed.
External links
- [http://www.crimelibrary.com/notorious_murders/women/wuornos/1.html?sect=11 The Crime Library: Aileen Wuornos], includes extensive details on Aileen's younger years.
- [http://www.suerussellwrites.com/lethal.html About Lethal Intent]
- [http://www.chasingthefrog.com/reelfaces/monster.php FAQ about Wuornos's life and the 2003 film.]
- [http://www.courttv.com/onair/shows/mugshots/indepth/wuornos.html CourtTV.Com In-depth: Aileen Wuornos]
- [http://members.tripod.com/ahrens/serial/wuornos.htm Biography of Aileen Wuornos.] Site by Andrea Aherns, who has done extensive work on serial killers.
Wuornos, AileenWuornos, AileenWuornos, AileenWuornos, AileenWuornos, AileenWuornos, AileenWuornos, Aileensimple:Aileen Wuornos
Chiisme duodécimain
Le chiisme duodécimain ou imamisme, constitue le groupe chiite le plus important et forme l'obédience officielle de l'Iran. Les duodécimains sont dirigés par un collège d'ayatollah (arabe et persan âyatu Llâh ou « signe de Dieu ») cooptés (une façon de limiter l'infaillibilité à défaut de ijma, i.e. consensus)
L'imamisme ne reconnaît que douze imams.
Ali
Métaux lourds
Le terme métaux lourds est utilisé en chimie pour faire référence aux élémentsmétalliques dont le poids atomique est supérieur à 4.
Les principaux métaux lourds sont (liste non exhaustive) : l'arsenic (As), l'argent (Ag), l'or (Au), le cadmium (Cd), le
Duodécimains
Le chiisme duodécimain ou imamisme, constitue le groupe chiite le plus important et forme l'obédience officielle de l'Iran. Les duodécimains sont dirigés par un collège d'ayatollah (arabe et persan âyatu Llâh ou « signe de Dieu ») cooptés (une façon de limiter l'infaillibilité à défaut de ijma, i.e. consensus)
L'imamisme ne reconnaît que douze imams.
Ali
Imamisme
Le chiisme duodécimain ou imamisme, constitue le groupe chiite le plus important et forme l'obédience officielle de l'Iran. Les duodécimains sont dirigés par un collège d'ayatollah (arabe et persan âyatu Llâh ou « signe de Dieu ») cooptés (une façon de limiter l'infaillibilité à défaut de ijma, i.e. consensus)
L'imamisme ne reconnaît que douze imams.
Ali
Imamisme duodécimain
Le chiisme duodécimain ou imamisme, constitue le groupe chiite le plus important et forme l'obédience officielle de l'Iran. Les duodécimains sont dirigés par un collège d'ayatollah (arabe et persan âyatu Llâh ou « signe de Dieu ») cooptés (une façon de limiter l'infaillibilité à défaut de ijma, i.e. consensus)
L'imamisme ne reconnaît que douze imams.
Ali
L’essence utilisée comme carburant dans les moteurs thermiques ou moteur à explosion à allumage commandé est un mélange d’hydrocarbures, auxquels sont parfois ajoutés d’autres produits combustibles o
Nitrile
Le groupement nitrile correspond à . On peut les obtenir très simplement par substitution nucléophile de sur un halogénoalcane :
Une autre voie d'obtention un peu plus complexe passe par la déshydration de l'amide correspondante en présence d'un déshydratant,
Les Nitriles font partie de la famille des
