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Railway Mail Association

Railway Mail Association

--Railway Mail Association-- The Railway Mail Association (RMA) was originally The National Association of Railway Postal Clerks when chartered under the laws of New Hampshire in 1898 as a fraternal beneficiary association. In 1904 the name was changed to the RMA and lasted until 1949 when the Post Office Department renamed the Railway Mail Service as Postal Transportation Service. At that time, it became the National Postal Transport Association. The Railway Mail Mutual Benefit Association, (MBA) traces its origins to 1874. It was established to provide compensation to clerks in case of injury or death while working, since commercial life insurance was not available to Railway Post Office clerks due to hazardous working conditions. It is now named the American Postal Workers Union (APWU) Accident Benefit Association. It's current mailing address is PO Box 538, Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03802-0538. Reference:
- Wilking, Clarence. (1985) The Railway Mail Service, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Available as a MS Word file at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/articles/THE_RMS.DOC

New Hampshire

New Hampshire is a small U.S. state in northern New England. It is located east of Vermont, north of Massachusetts, south of Quebec, Canada, and west of Maine and the North Atlantic Ocean. The state ranks 46th of the 50 states in land area (23,249 km²) and 41st in population (around 1.3 million by a 2003 U.S. Census Bureau estimate). It is the site of the New Hampshire primary, the first primary in the U.S. presidential elections, and has probably the most famous of all state mottos: "Live free or die," quoted from Revolutionary War hero John Stark's response to a letter honoring him for the Battle of Bennington. New Hampshire's state nickname is "the Granite State" because it has numerous granite quarries, although that industry has declined greatly in recent decades. The nickname has also been embraced for reflecting the state's attachment to tradition and limited government. More recently, many people, primarily libertarians, have begun referring to New Hampshire as "The Free State". This is partially a reference to the fact that the state has been chosen as the destination of The Free State Project, and partially a homage to all the libertarian laws, or in some cases lack of laws, that caused New Hampshire to be chosen in the first place. Its state flower is the purple lilac. Its state bird is the purple finch. Its state tree is the American white birch, also called paper birch or canoe birch. New Hampshire is home to the highest winds ever recorded on Earth: 231 mph in 1934 at the Mount Washington weather observatory in the Presidential Range. In 2003, it gained international attention for having the first openly gay bishop of a large mainline Christian church, Gene Robinson, within the Anglican Communion (the Episcopal Church in the United States of America). New Hampshire's recreational attractions include skiing and other winter sports; observing the fall foliage; the Lakes Region; and the New Hampshire International Speedway (formerly Bryar Motorsport Park), home of the Loudon Classic, the longest-running motorcycle race in the United States. USS New Hampshire was named in honor of this state.

History

New Hampshire was founded by Captain John Mason and first settled in 1623, just three years after the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth. In 1631, Captain Thomas Wiggin served as the first governor of the Upper Plantation (comprising modern-day Dover, Durham and Stratham). In 1679 this Upper Plantation became the "Royal Province" with John Cutt as governor. The "Royal Province" continued until 1698 when it came under the jurisdiction of Massachusetts with Joseph Dudley as Governor. Thus it continued until 1741. Under King George II New Hampshire returned to its royal provincial status with a governor of its own, Benning Wentworth, who was its governor from 1741 to 1766. It was one of the thirteen colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. It was the first state to declare its independence, and the historic attack on Fort William and Mary (now Fort Constitution) helped supply the cannon and ammunition needed for the Battle of Bunker Hill that took place north of Boston a few months later. On January 5, 1776, the Provincial Congress of New Hampshire, meeting in Exeter, New Hampshire ratified the first state constitution in the soon-to-be United States, six months before the signing of the Declaration of Independence. In the 1830s, New Hampshire saw two major news stories: the founding of the Republic of Indian Stream on its northern border with Canada over the unresolved post-revolutionary war border issue, and the founding of the modern Republican Party by Amos Tuck and friends. New Hampshire grew as a hotbed of Abolitionist sentiment up to the American Civil War, participating in the Underground Railroad in providing safe routes into Canada, primarily via the Connecticut River waterway. In the 20th Century, New Hampshire gained political renown for its First in the Nation political primaries which tended to accurately predict who would be elected President of the United States. See also: Province of New Hampshire

Law and government

Province of New Hampshire The New Hampshire state capital is Concord, which has also been known over time by the names Rumford and Penacook. The governor of New Hampshire is John Lynch (Democrat). New Hampshire's two U.S. senators are Judd Gregg (Republican) and John E. Sununu (Republican). New Hampshire has a bifurcated executive branch, consisting of the Governor and a five-member Executive Council which votes on state contracts over $5,000 and "advises and consents" to the governor's nominations to major state positions such as department heads and all judgeships, and pardon requests. New Hampshire does not have a Lieutenant Governor, the Senate President serves as "acting governor" whenever the governor is unable to perform the duties. The New Hampshire General Court is the bicameral legislative body, consisting of the the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representative is the third-largest and most representative legislative body in the world with 400 members. Legislators are typically independently wealthy or retired as they only make $100 a year, plus mileage. The state's sole appellate court is the New Hampshire Supreme Court. The Superior Court is the court of general jurisdiction and the only which provides for jury trials in civil and criminal cases. The other state courts are the Probate Court, District Court, and Family Division. The New Hampshire State Constitution is the supreme law of the state, followed by the the New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated. Although the state retains the death penalty, the last execution was conducted in 1939. In 2004, the General Court passed the "New Hampshire Parental Notification Prior to Abortion Act" which was declared unconstitutional in Federal court; in Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of New England, the state appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.

Politics

New Hampshire has historically been dominated by the Republican Party. However, in national elections it has become a swing state. In 2004, New Hampshire narrowly gave its four electoral votes to John Kerry with 50.2% of the vote. In the 2000 presidential election, New Hampshire narrowly supported George W. Bush. The state supported Clinton in 1992 and 1996, but prior to that had only strayed from the Republican party for three candidates—Woodrow Wilson, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson. Unlike other northeastern states, Republicans still dominate most local and state offices. Democratic strength is greatest in Strafford, Cheshire, Grafton and Merrimack counties. New Hampshire has a Libertarian-like political tradition that values individual freedom and weak state governmental powers, although the Libertarian party does not do well in elections when compared to the Democratic and Republican parties. Much of the authority in the state is in the hands of municipal governments. In 1995, with the passage of Senate Bill 2, municipalities were able to continue conducting town meetings the traditional way or by ballot voting. The New Hampshire's government has earned the positive attention of residents in neighboring Vermont: Killington, Vermont has twice voted to secede from Vermont and join New Hampshire—a largely symbolic act, since secession would require the agreement of both states' legislatures and the U.S. Congress. Supporters of the secession note that almost all Vermont towns were first chartered by New Hampshire, and point out that these two states already have some unusual cross-border links, including two of the rarely seen interstate school districts in the United States (a third is shared by Oregon and Nevada).

Geography

Nevada See List of New Hampshire counties New Hampshire is part of the New England region. It is bounded by Quebec, Canada to the north, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Massachusetts to the south, and Vermont to the west. New Hampshire's major regions are the Great North Woods, the White Mountains region, the Lakes region the Seacoast region, the Merrimack Valley region, the Monadnock region, and the Dartmouth-Lake Sunapee area. See List of mountains in New Hampshire New Hampshire was home to the famous geological formation called the Old Man of the Mountain, a face-like profile in Franconia Notch, until May 2 to May 3, 2003, when the symbol of New Hampshire collapsed. The Presidential Range in New Hampshire spans the central portion of the state, with Mount Washington being the tallest, and other mountains like Mount Madison and Mount Quincy Adams surrounding it. With hurricane force winds every third day on the average, 100 recorded deaths among visitors, and conspicuous krummholz (dwarf, matted trees much like a carpet of bonsai), the upper reaches Mount Washington claim the distinction of the "worst weather on earth." In consequence, a non-profit observatory is located on the peak for the purposes of observing harsh environmental conditions. In the flatter southwest corner of New Hampshire another feature, the prominent landmark and tourist attraction of Mount Monadnock, has given its name to a general class of earth-forms, a monadnock signifying in geomorphology any isolated resistant peak rising from a less resistant eroded plain. See List of New Hampshire rivers Major rivers include the 116 mile (187 km) Merrimack River, which bisects the state north-south and ends up in Massachusetts. Its major tributaries include the Souhegan River. The 410 mile (670 km) Connecticut River, which starts at New Hampshire's Connecticut Lakes and flows south to Connecticut, forms the western border of New Hampshire. Oddly, the state border is not in the center of that river, as is usually the case, but lies at the low-water mark on the Vermont side, so New Hampshire actually owns the whole river. The Piscataqua River and its several tributaries form the state's only significant ocean port where they flow into the Atlantic at Portsmouth. The largest lake is Lake Winnipesaukee, which covers 72 square miles (186 km²) in the central part of New Hampshire. New Hampshire has the shortest ocean coastline of any coastal state, 18 miles (29 km) by state figures. (Under some federal definitions, Pennsylvania's coast is shorter: See Footnote in "Miscellaneous"). Hampton Beach is a popular local summer destination. About 10 miles (16 km) offshore are the Isles of Shoals, nine small islands (4 belonging to the state) best known as the site of a 19th-century art colony founded by poet Celia Thaxter, as well as the alleged location of one of the buried treasures of the pirate Blackbeard. The state has an ongoing boundary dispute with Maine in the area of Portsmouth Harbor, with New Hampshire claiming dominion over several islands (now known as Seavey Island) that include the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard as well as to the Maine towns of Kittery and Berwick. New Hampshire asserts the area was granted to it by Massachusetts prior to Maine becoming a state of its own rather than just the northern part of Massachusetts, in the Missouri Compromise of 1820. New Hampshire’s claim is also bolstered by British records of captured American POWs during the Revolutionary period, who were held in England and claimed "Berwick, NH," "York, NH," and "Kittery, NH" as their home towns. A dramatic change in the visual landscape of New Hampshire occurred about a century ago when it changed from an open landscape of fields and small farms: It is now the second-most-forested state in the country, after Maine, in terms of percentage of land covered by woods. This change was caused by the abandonment of farms by owners seeking wage jobs in urban areas or bank seizure of unproductive farms, with farming families moving west. The reversion forms the subject of many poems by Robert Frost, while the emigration is consistent with the results of New Hampshire native and newspaper legend Horace Greeley imploring, "Go West, Young Man." The northern third of the state, locally refered to as "north of the notches", contains less than 5% of the state's population and is therefore often at a disadvantage in state politics. Even many New Hampshire residents are unaware that the state extends north a considerable distance beyond the Conway area. As a result, while most of New Hampshire prospers, the northern third suffers from relatively high poverty rates, and is losing population.

Economy

Horace Greeley [http://www.bea.gov/ The Bureau of Economic Analysis] estimates that New Hampshire's total state product in 2003 was $49 billion. Per capita personal income in 2003 was $35,140, 7^th in the nation. Its agricultural outputs are dairy products, nursery stock, cattle, apples, and eggs. Its industrial outputs are machinery, electric equipment, rubber and plastic products, and tourism. New Hampshire experienced a significant shift in its economic base during the last century. Historically, the base was composed of the traditional New England manufactures of textiles, shoe-making, and small machining shops drawing upon low wage labor from nearby small farms and from Quebec. Today, these sectors contribute only 2% for textiles, 2% for leather goods, and 9% for machining of the state's total manufacturing dollar value (Source: U.S. Economic Census for 1997, Manufacturing, New Hampshire). These traditional sectors experienced their sharp decline during the Twentieth Century due to increasingly obsolete plants and increasingly cheaper wages available in the US South. The current New Hampshire economy is largely driven by fiscal policy. The state has no personal income tax and advocates a frugal budget, thereby attracting commuters, light industry, specialty horticulture, and service firms from other jurisdictions with high tax policies, notably from neighboring Massachusetts. This is a viable fiscal policy for a small, high-income state with limited social service demands, but it has not been one hundred percent successful, and pockets of depressed manufacturing activity still remain. Additionally, New Hampshire's lack of a broad-based tax system (aside from the controversial state-wide property tax which former Governor Benson cut nearly in half in two years) has resulted in the state's local communities having some of the nation's highest property taxes, yet overall NH remains ranked 49th in combined average state and local tax burden, due to its lack of income or sales taxes.

Demographics

As of 2004, the population of New Hampshire was estimated to be 1,299,500. This includes 64,000 foreign-born (4.9%). The racial makeup of the state is:
- 95.1% White
- 1.7% Hispanic
- 1.3% Asian
- 0.7% Black
- 0.2% Native American
- 1.1% Mixed race The five largest ancestry groups in New Hampshire are: Irish (19.4%), English (18%), French (14.6%), French Canadian (10.6%), German (8.6%). People of British ancestry live throughout most of New Hampshire, although Coos and Hillsborough counties are predominantly French-Canadian. New Hampshire has the highest percentage of residents of French/French-Canadian ancestry of any state.

Religion

The religious affiliations of the people of New Hampshire are:
- Christian – 80%
- Protestant – 43%
- Congregational/United Church of Christ – 7%
- Baptist – 7%
- Episcopal – 4%
- Methodist – 3%
- Other Protestant or general Protestant – 22%
- Roman Catholic – 35%
- Other Christian – 2%
- Other Religions – 1%
- Non-Religious – 19% see People from New Hampshire

Important cities and towns

People from New Hampshire
- Berlin, the northernmost town of any size, important center of the forest products industry.
- Manchester, is the most populous city in the state giving it the nickname of the "Queen City." The Merrimack River runs through the city and once provided water power to a textile mill industry.
- Nashua, the second-most-populous city, was twice named the best city in the country to live by Money magazine.
- Keene is still called "The Elm City" despite the fact that Dutch elm disease destroyed most of the city's elm trees in the 1930s. Keene is the home to Keene State College.
- Salem contains The Mall at Rockingham Park, frequented by Massachusetts residents to avoid paying sales tax; Canobie Lake Park, an amusement park; and Rockingham Park, New England's first racetrack for horses.
- Peterborough is the inspiration for the town of Grover's Corners portrayed in Thornton Wilder's play Our Town.
- Lebanon is known as "The City of Fountains." It contains Lebanon College and the Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center and is the location of many malls along the Connecticut River that draw Vermont shoppers avoiding that state's sales tax.

- Concord
- Derry
- Portsmouth
- Rochester
- Durham
- Loudon
- Littleton
- Claremont
- Dover
- Merrimack

- Bedford
- Londonderry
- Hudson
- Hampton
- Milford
- Hanover
- New London
- Randolph
- Tilton
- Franklin

10 largest towns/cities in New Hampshire according to 2000 Census

- While Census records may seem to indicate that two separate Census Districts exist for this community, in fact one district is contained entirely within the other.

Education

Franklin

Colleges and universities

- Antioch New England
- Chester College of New England
- Colby-Sawyer College
- Granite State College
- Daniel Webster College
- Dartmouth College
- Franklin Pierce College
- Franklin Pierce Law Center
- Hesser College
- Keene State College

- Lebanon College
- New England College
- Southern New Hampshire University
- Plymouth State University
- Rivier College
- Saint Anselm College
- The Thomas More College of Liberal Arts
- University of New Hampshire
- University of New Hampshire at Manchester

Notable high schools

- St. Paul's School
- Dublin School
- Tilton School
- Derryfield School
- Pinkerton Academy
- St. Thomas Aquinas High School
- Phillips Exeter Academy
- Kimball Union Academy

Professional sport teams

Kimball Union Academy Minor league baseball teams:
- Nashua Pride
- New Hampshire Fisher Cats Hockey team:
- Manchester Monarchs Arena football teams:
- Manchester Wolves Soccer team:
- New Hampshire Phantoms

Miscellaneous information

New Hampshire Phantoms New Hampshire Phantoms See List of New Hampshire-related topics
- The New Hampshire Constitution is the nation's only state constitution that allows the Right to Revolution.
- New Hampshire's Constitution is one of the few in the nation that does not mandate the provision of a public school system.
- In Charlestown, New Hampshire there is the reconstructed Fort at Number 4 from the 1740's and 1750's
- New Hampshire has the highest per capita of elected and appointed Libertarians, and the highest density of Libertarian Party members in the nation.
- New Hampshire was the last of the New England states to observe Fast Day, a day of prayer for a bountiful harvest. Traditionally observed on the 4th Thursday in April, from 1949 was observed as a legal holiday on the 4th Monday in April until 1991 when it was replaced by Civil Rights Day. [http://www.state.nh.us/nhinfo/fast.html]
- There is no general sales tax, no individual income tax, no capital gains tax, no inventory tax and no tax on machinery and equiptment in New Hampshire, though the state does have meals, lodging, and other taxes. (List of states without personal income tax)
- New Hampshire is the only state that does not mandate public kindergarten, partly out of frugality and lack of funding, and partly out of belief in local control, a philosophy under which towns and cities, not the state, make as many decisions as possible. As of 2005, all but two dozen communities in the state provided public kindergarten with local property-tax money.
- Like several states, New Hampshire requires all hard liquor to be sold in state-owned, state-run stores, which keep prices so low that it attracts many out-of-state customers.
- New Hampshire is host to the New Hampshire Highland Games. New Hampshire has also registered an official tartan with the proper authorities in Scotland, used to make kilts worn by the State Police while they serve during the games.
- Based on FBI figures, New Hampshire has the least overall crime in the nation as of 2001.
- New Hampshire is the #1 healthiest state in the nation, tied with Minnesota, as ranked by the United Health Foundation, 2003.
- New Hampshire has the 4th lowest percentage of government employment in the country, following Nevada, Pennsylvania and Massachusettes.
- New Hampshire has the only piece of Interstate highway that is two-lane (i.e. a single northbound lane and a single southbound lane) with a cobblestone median. This was done to preserve Franconia Notch, the site of the Old Man of the Mountain, a former rock formation visible from Interstate 93 in Franconia.
- In northern New Hampshire the town of Dixville Notch is traditionally the first city or town in the U.S. to vote in presidential primaries and the presidential election. The few dozen residents of Dixville Notch all stay awake until after midnight to vote. State law grants that a town where all registered citizens have voted may close early and announce their results.
- Approximately 37% are registered Republicans and 27% are registered Democrats but a full 36% are registered Independents.
- New Hampshire is the only state with no mandatory seatbelt law for adults, no motorcycle helmet law for adults, nor mandatory vehicle insurance for automobiles.
- New Hampshire is the destination of the Free State Project.
- EXTENDED FOOTNOTE on coastline. Official figures recognize two coastal concepts, the coastline and the shoreline. The coastline is a generalized measurement of the shore configuration, whereas the shoreline includes measurements for offshore islands and other features such as inlets and rivers to the head of a narrow tidewater. Pennsylvania has no saltwater coastline of 0 miles, but when the more detailed measurement of shoreline is used, Pennsylvania has a saltwater shoreline of 89 miles versus 131 for New Hampshire. Pennsylvania's number apparently comes because a portion of the Delaware River on its southeastern border is tidal. Source: U.S. Dept of Commerce, "U.S. Coastline by States" cited on Page 606 of the 2003 "World Almanac."

Granite State firsts

From New Hampshire's official folklife website: http://www.nh.gov/folklife/
- On January 5, 1776 at Exeter, the Province of New Hampshire ratified the first independent state constitution, free of British rule.
- On June 12, 1800, Fernald's Island in the Piscataqua River became the first government-sanctioned US Navy shipyard.
- Started in 1822, Dublin's Juvenile Library was the first free public library.
- In 1828, the first women's strike in the nation took place at Dover's Cocheco Mills.
- In 1845, the machine shop of Nashuan John H. Gage was considered the first shop devoted to the manufacture of machinists' tools.
- On August 29, 1866, Sylvester Marsh demonstrated the first mountain-climbing "cog" railway.
- Finished on June 27, 1874, the first trans-Atlantic telecommunications cable between Europe and America stretched from Balinskelligs Bay, Ireland, to Rye Beach, New Hampshire.
- On February 6, 1901, a group of nine conservationists founded the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests, the first forest conservation advocacy group in the US.
- In 1908, Monsignor Pierre Hevey organized the nation's first credit union, in Manchester, to help mill workers save and borrow money.
- On May 5, 1961, Alan B. Shepard Jr. of Derry rode a Mercury spacecraft and became the first American in space.
- In 1963, New Hampshire's legislature approved the nation's first legal state lottery.
- In 1966, Ralph Baer of Sanders Associates, Inc., Nashua, recruited engineers to develop the first home video game, patented in 1969.
- Christa McAuliffe of Concord became the first private citizen selected to venture into space. She perished with her six space shuttle Challenger crewmates in January 28, 1986.

Hotels

- Mount Washington Hotel
- The Balsams Resort
- Mountain View Resort
- Wentworth Hotel
- Oceanic Hotel

Daily newspapers

- New Hampshire Union Leader (Manchester)
- Telegraph of Nashua
- Concord Monitor
- Foster's Daily Democrat of Dover
- Laconia Citizen

- Portsmouth Herald
- Keene Sentinel
- Conway Daily Sun
- Eagle Times of Claremont
- Laconia Daily Sun

Other publications

- The New Hampshire Gazette Portsmouth alternative biweekly, arguably the oldest paper in America (although other publications also make that claim)
- New Hampshire Business Review (statewide)
- Hippo Press (Manchester and Nashua editions)
- The New Hampshire - "The University of New Hampshire's Student Newspaper Since 1911"

External links

- [http://www.state.nh.us Official State Website]
- [http://www.nhhistory.org New Hampshire Historical Society]
- [http://www.state.nh.us/nhinfo/ The New Hampshire Almanac]
- [http://www.northnh.com Coos County Website]
- Category:States of the United States ko:뉴햄프셔 주 ja:ニューハンプシャー州 simple:New Hampshire

Post Office Department

The Post Office Department was the former name of the United States Postal Service when it was a Cabinet department. It was headed by the United States Postmaster General. The Postal Service Act signed by President George Washington on February 20, 1792 established the Department. During the Civil War, postal services in the Confederacy were provided by the Confederate Post-office Department, headed by Postmaster General John Henninger Reagan. The Postal Reorganization Act signed by President Richard Nixon on August 12, 1970, replaced the cabinet-level Post Office Department with the government-owned corporation, the United States Postal Service. The Act took effect on July 1, 1971. Post Office Department Post Office Department Category:Postal organisations

Railway Mail Service

The United States Postal Service's Railway Mail Service was a significant mail transportation service in the US during the time period from the mid-19th century until the mid-20th century. The RMS, or its successor the Postal Transportation Service (PTS), carried the vast majority of letters and packages mailed in the United States from the 1890s until the 1960s.

History

George B. Armstrong, manager of the Chicago Post Office, is generally credited with being the founder of the concept of en route mail sorting aboard trains which became the Railway Mail Service. Mail had been carried in locked pouches aboard trains prior to Armstrong's involvement with the system, but there had been no organized system of sorting mail en route, to have mail prepared for delivery when the mail pouches reached their destination city. In response to Armstrong's request to experiment with the concept, the first railway post office(RPO) began operating on the Chicago and Northwestern Railway between Chicago and Clinton, Iowa, on August 28, 1864. The concept was quickly seen as successful, and was expanded to other railroads operating out of Chicago, including the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, Chicago and Rock Island, Pennsylvania and the Erie. By 1869, the system had expanded to virtually all of the major railroads of the United States, and the country was divided into six operating divisions. A superintendent was over each division, all under the direction of George B. Armstrong, who had been summoned from Chicago to Washington, D.C. to become general superintendent of the postal railway service. Armstrong served only two years as general superintendent before resigning because of failing health. He died in Chicago on May 5, 1871, two days after his resignation. Armstrong's successor in Chicago, George S. Bangs, was appointed as the second general superintendent of the postal railway service. Bangs encouraged the use of fast mail trains, trains made up entirely of mail cars, traveling on expedited schedules designed to accommodate the needs of the Post Office rather than the needs of the traveling public. In 1890, 5,800 postal railway clerks provided service over 154,800 miles of railroad. By 1907, over 14,000 clerks were providing service over 203,000 miles of railroad. The Railway Mail Service reached its peak in the 1920s, then began a gradual decline with the discontinuance of RPO service on branchlines and secondary routes. After 1942, highway post office (HPO) service was utilized to continue en route sorting after discontinuance of some railway post office operations. As highway mail transportation became more prevalent, the Railway Mail Service was redesignated as the Postal Transportation Service. Abandonment of routes accelerated in the late [1950s] and early 1960s, and many of the remaining lines were discontinued in 1967. On June 30, 1974, the Cleveland and Cincinnati highway post office, the last HPO route, was discontinued. The last railway post office operated between New York and Washington, D.C. on June 30, 1977.

Operating Divisions - 1950

- First Division: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts. Headquarters: Boston.
- Second Division: New York, New Jersey. Headquarters: New York City.
- Third Division: District of Columbia, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina. Headquarters: Washington, D.C.
- Fourth Division: Tennessee, South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, Florida. Headquarters: Atlanta.
- Fifth Division: Kentucky, Indiana, Ohio. Headquarters: Cincinnati.
- Sixth Division: Illinois, Iowa. Headquarters: Chicago.
- Seventh Division: Missouri, Kansas. Headquarters: St. Louis.
- Eighth Division: California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona. Headquarters: San Francisco.
- Ninth Division: Michigan, also lines of New York Central Railroad between New York City and Chicago. Headquarters: Cleveland.
- Tenth Division: North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan peninsula. Headquarters: St. Paul, Minnesota.
- Eleventh Division: New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma. Headquarters: Fort Worth.
- Twelfth Division: Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi. Headquarters: New Orleans.
- Thirteenth Division: Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington. Headquarters: Seattle.
- Fourteenth Division: Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska. Headquarters: Omaha.
- Fifteenth Division: Pennsylvania, Delaware, also lines of Pennsylvania Railroad west of Pittsburgh. Headquarters: Pittsburgh.

External links

- [http://www.usps.com/history/his2.htm#RAIL History of the United States Postal Service 1775-1993: Railway Mail Service]
- [http://www.postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibits/2c1_railwaymail.html National Postal Museum - Railway Post Office]
- Bergman, Edwin B. (1980) 29 Years to Oblivion, The Last Years of Railway Mail Service in the United States, Mobile Post Office Society, Omaha, Nebraska.
- Wilking, Clarence. (1985) The Railway Mail Service, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Available as a MS Word file at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/articles/THE_RMS.DOC
- U.S. Post Office Department. (1956) MEN AND MAIL IN TRANSIT, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Portion available as a video clip at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/videos/m&mit01.MPG
- National Postal Transport Association. (1956) MAIL IN MOTION, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Portion available as a video clip at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/videos/MIM-01.MPG

References

- Carr, Clark E. (1909) The Railway Mail Service, Its Origin and Development, A.C. McClurg & Co., Chicago.
- Bergman, Edwin B. (1980) 29 Years to Oblivion, The Last Years of Railway Mail Service in the United States, Mobile Post Office Society, Omaha.
- Romanski, Fred J. The Fast Mail, History of the Railway Mail Service, Prologue Vol. 37 No. 3, Fall 2005, College Park, Maryland. Category:United States Postal Service Category:Rail transport in the United States

National Postal Transport Association

--National Postal Transport Association-- The National Postal Transport Association (NPTA) was the successor to the Railway Mail Association. The name change was prompted by the Post Office Department reorganizing the Railway Mail Service as Postal Transportation Service on October 1, 1949. In 1961, the NPTA merged with the National Federation of Post Office Clerks (NFPOC) and the United National Association of Post Office Clerks (UNAPOC) to form the 115,000-member United Federation of Postal Clerks (UFPC). The National Postal Transport Association Mutual Benefit Association, (MBA) is now named the American Postal Workers Union (APWU) Accident Benefit Association. It's current mailing address is PO Box 538, Portsmouth, New Hampshire 03802-0538. Reference:
- Wilking, Clarence. (1985) The Railway Mail Service, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Available as a MS Word file at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/articles/THE_RMS.DOC

Railway post office

.]] A railway post office, commonly abbreviated as RPO, was a railroad car that was normally operated in passenger service as a means to sort mail en route, in order to speed delivery. The RPO was staffed by highly trained Railway Mail Service postal clerks, and was off-limits to the passengers on the train.

History

The first sorting of mail en route in the U.S.A. was in 1862 between Hannibal, Missouri, and St. Joseph, Missouri. Its purpose was to separate mail for connection with a westbound stage departing soon after the train's arrival at St. Joseph. This service lasted approximately one year. The first permanent Railway Post Office route was established on August 28, 1864, between Chicago, Illinois, and Clinton, Iowa. This service is distinguished from the 1862 operation because mail was sorted to and received from each post office along the route, as well as major post offices beyond the route's end-points. By the 1880s, railway post office routes were operating on the vast majority of passenger trains in the United States. A complex network of interconnected routes allowed mail to be transported and delivered in a remarkably short time. Railway mail clerks were subjected to stringent training and ongoing testing of details regarding their handling of the mail. On a given RPO route, each clerk was expected to know not only the post offices and rail junctions along the route, but also specific local delivery details within each of the larger cities served by the route. Periodic testing demanded both accuracy and speed in sorting mail, and a clerk scoring only 96% accuracy would likely receive a warning from the Railway Mail Service division superintendent. In the United States, RPO cars (also known as mail cars or postal cars) were equipped and staffed to handle most back-end postal processing functions. First class mail, magazines and newspapers were all sorted, cancelled when necessary, and dispatched to post offices in towns along the route. Registered mail was also handled, and the foreman in charge was required to carry a regulation pistol while on duty, to discourage theft of the mail. Image:RPO interior.jpg|The interior of an RPO on display at the National Railroad Museum in Green Bay, WI Image:CBQ 1926 mail hook detail.JPG|The mail hook on CBQ 1926 An interesting feature of most RPO cars was a hook that could be used to snatch a leather or canvas pouch of outgoing mail hanging on a track-side mail crane at smaller towns where the train did not stop. With the train often operating at 70 miles per hour or faster, a postal clerk would have a pouch of mail ready to be dispatched as the train passed the station. In a coordinated movement, the catcher arm was swung out to catch the hanging mail pouch while the clerk stood in the open doorway. As the inbound pouch slammed into the catcher arm, the clerk kicked the outbound mail pouch out of the car, making certain to kick it far enough that it was not sucked back under the speeding train. An employee of the local post office would retreive the pouch and deliver it to the post office. Green Bay, WI train No. 5.]] Most RPO cars had a mail slot on the side of the car, so that mail could actually be deposited in the car, much like using the corner mail box, while the train was stopped at a station. Those desiring the fastest delivery would bring their letters to the train station for dispatch on the RPO, knowing that overnight delivery would be virtually assured. The mail handled in this manner received a cancellation just as if it had been mailed at a local post office, with the cancel giving the train number, endpoint cities of the RPO route, the date, and RMS Railway Mail Service or PTS Postal Transportation Service between the killer bars. Collecting such cancellations is a pastime of many philatelists and postal history researchers. The Railway Mail Service organization within the Post Office Department existed between 1864 and September 30, 1948. It was renamed the Postal Transportation Service on October 1, 1948, and existed until 1960. After 1960, the management of Railway Post Office routes as well as Highway Post Office routes, Air Mail Facility, Terminal Railway Post Office, and Transfer Office, were shifted to the Bureau of Transportation. After 1948, the Railway Post Office network began its decline although it remained principal intercity mail transportation and distribution function within the Post Office Department. There were 794 RPO lines operating over 161,000 miles of railroad in that year. Only 262 RPO routes were still operating by January 1, 1962. In 1942, the U.S. Post Office began experimenting with a highway version of the RPO to serve the same purposes along routes where passenger train service was not available. These highway post office (HPO) vehicles were initially intended to supplement RPO service, but in the 1950s and 1960s, HPO's often replaced railway post office cars after passenger train service was discontinued. When the post office made a controversial policy change to process mail in large regional 'sectional centers', the remaining railway post office routes along with all highway post office routes were phased out of service. After 113 years of railway post office operation, the last surviving Railway Post Office running on rails between New York and Washington, D.C. was discontinued on June 30, 1977. Ironically, the last route with a Railway Post Office title was actually a boat run that lasted a year longer. This Boat Railway Post Office was the Lake Winnipesaukee RPO operating between The Weirs, New Hampshire, and Bear Island, New Hampshire, on Lake Winnipesaukee, New Hampshire. The final date it operated with a postmark was September 30, 1978.

References

- Bergman, Edwin B. (1980) 29 Years to Oblivion, The Last Years of Railway Mail Service in the United States, Mobile Post Office Society, Omaha, Nebraska.
- Wilking, Clarence. (1985) The Railway Mail Service, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Available as a MS Word file at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/articles/THE_RMS.DOC
- U.S. Post Office Department. (1956) MEN AND MAIL IN TRANSIT, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Portion available as a video clip at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/videos/m&mit01.MPG
- National Postal Transport Association. (1956) MAIL IN MOTION, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Portion available as a video clip at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/videos/MIM-01.MPG
- Romanski, Fred J. The Fast Mail, History of the Railway Mail Service, Prologue Vol. 37 No. 3, Fall 2005, College Park, Maryland.

Railway mail service library

Railway Mail Service Library

The Railway Mail Service (RMS) Library is major collection of materials pertaining to en route distribution history. Incorporated in May 2003, it can assist researchers interested in route agent, seapost, Railway Post Office (RPO), and Highway Post Office (HPO) history. The collection has many unique, original-source documents that provide answers to questions dealing with the transportation and distribution of USA Mail between 1862 and 1977, as well as other countries during the 19th and 20th centuries. The R.M.S. Library has grown from the AmeRPO ("American RPO") Society Library established in the early 1950s by Bryant Alden Long, co-author of the superb book on the subject, MAIL BY RAIL. After a period of stagnation it was acquired by Hershel Rankin, who renamed it the R.M.S. Library. When he was 80 years old and no longer to handle research requests, Dr. Frank R. Scheer purchased the collection. Over a two-year period, the collection was moved from Florida to Virginia and renamed the "Railway Mail Service Library." Since 1982, several major additions have been made to the collection. These include the Edwin Bergman scheme and schedule collection, Lloyd Jackson's, John Kay's, Lawrence Kruse's, Ed Maloney's, and Roy Schmidt's postal artifacts, Carm Cosentino's Transfer Office covers, Charles Scott's Fifth Division RMS records, worldwide postal emblems assembled by Len Cohen, James Mundy's postal locks, Lt. Col (ret) A. B. "Chip" Komoroske's railroad books, H. W. "Red" Reed's post office route maps, John McClelland's 1905 to 1949 bound issues of THE RAILWAY POST OFFICE, as well as Paul Nagle's set of the POSTAL TRANSPORT JOURNAL between 1950 and 1959. A multitude of other historically-significant resources have been acquired from many former railway and highway postal clerks. The RMS Library has every major book published about the Railway Mail Service/Postal Transportation Service (RMS/PTS). It also has many periodical articles written about en route distribution, and continually seeks ones that are not represented. There are six types of original-source documentation in the collection, however. These are: 1) photographs of HPO and RPO vehicles; 2) THE RAILWAY POST OFFICE and POSTAL TRANSPORT JOURNAL issues between 1905 and 1959; 3) oral recollections of former clerks on audio and video tapes, as well as movies about the RMS/PTS; 4) general orders describing weekly changes within several divisions; 5) general- and standpoint-schemes of mail distribution; and 6) schedules of mail trains/routes. Schemes and schedules are particularly helpful for understanding how the network of mail transportation and distribution activities operated, as well as when routes began, ended, or underwent significant changes. As with most archival libraries, the principal activities are assisting research inquiries, organizing and filing the collection, as well as preservation of materials. The largest artifact in the collection is the building that became the Library's home on October 16, 2003: the Boyce, Virginia, railroad station. Built in 1913 and in service on the Norfolk & Western Railway for more than four decades, it was used for the town post office during the 1970s. Inside the 24 by 46 feet freight room are 20 filing cabinets and more than 500 feet of shelving. Artifact displays will be presented in the former baggage and waiting rooms after 2005. The RMS Library also seeks to buy or exchange documents, publications, and artifacts to expand the collection's scope and coverage. Items that are acquired are preserved in a climate-controlled environment. Rarer items are restored or treated to insure their existence for use by future researchers. Please call or write to request free want lists that show and describe obsolete postal artifacts that are sought for acquisition by gift or purchase. The limited scope of the collection --doing a few specific things well-- combined with Dr. Scheer's personal knowledge of transportation and postal history, permits better responses to user queries than many other non- specialized organizations can provide. The RMS Library also participates in inter-library loans or will provide photo- reproductions of items at five cents per page. Inquiries pertaining to RMS Library holdings or persons seeking research assistance should contact Dr. Scheer, at the: RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE LIBRARY, INC. (540) 837-9090 - TELEPHONE [http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org RMSL Website] fscheer@railwaymailservicelibrary.org - e-Mail 117 EAST MAIN ST BOYCE VA 22620-9639 USA

Boyce, Virginia

Boyce is a town located in Clarke County, Virginia. As of the 2000 census, the town had a total population of 426.

Geography

2000 Boyce is located at 39°5'35" North, 78°3'33" West (39.093118, -78.059190). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 0.9 km² (0.4 mi²). 0.9 km² (0.4 mi²) of it is land and none of the area is covered with water.

Town History

THE TOWN OF BOYCE By GEO. B. HARRISON The town of Boyce was incorporated by the Circuit Court for the County of Clarke on the 28th day of November, 1910, having at that date a population of 312. The first election for Mayor and four Councilmen was held on the 20th day of December, 1910, at which W. M. Gaunt was elected Mayor and George W. Garvin, M. O. Simpson, J. T. Sprint and Geo. B. Harrison were elected Councilmen; and the Council duly organized on the 24th day of December, 1910, and elected Geo. B. Harrison, Recorder. The town is situated at the crossing of the Norfolk & Western Railway and the Winchester and Berry's Ferry Turnpike about two miles west of Millwood of which it is the shipping point, and three miles from Old Chapel and White Post, Virginia respectively, and nine miles from Winchester, Virginia upon a ridge, which drains on the one side into the Pagebrook Run and on the other into the Saragota Run, affording most excellent sanitary conditions. It is apparently well underlaid with water, a number of its artesian wells proving inexhaustible. The Town well at a depth of 165 feet furnishes water so cold that no ice is needed with it. The N&W Railway passes through the centre of the business portion of the town, which at the time of the building of the Railroad in 1881 was dense woods; and the community since its renaissance on the 4th day of October, 1900, when it was visited by General J. C. Hill, Railroad Commissioner, in his official capacity, has taken on all the push and energy of a railroad town. The Norfolk & Western Railway in kind response to the requests of the community has erected a magnificient station of latest design and material with spacious grounds and facilities, fully equipped and provided with electric light and water. In addition to the Public Well the town owns the Electric Plant and lot on the Railway in the centre of the town, and has added thereto an alternating current plant with ninety kilowatt dynamo, so as to meet any possible demand for light or power; a switch will bring the coal to the power-house. The main street of the Town is piped with water; and it has been contemplated to establish a fire department and sewerage system. The Town contains an Episcopal and a Methodist church, and a Baptist parsonage; the Episcopal church being electrically lighted; a brick High School with seven teachers and an enrollment of about two hundred scholars; a brick Bank with a capital of $15,000.00; a hotel and two livery stables; one pinning mill and two lumber yards; two grain elevatiors; nine stores-one being a department store; a butcher shop; a harness shop; and a barber shop. Adjoining the town is a large cattle plant, and the town is a large stock-shipping station. Including the incorporated town of Millwood the population of the two towns is computed to be about eight or nine hundred. SOURCE: History of Clarke County, Virginia - Its connection with the war between the states with illustrations of colonial homes and of Confederate officers. Edited by Thomas Daniel Gold [A reproduction of the original book on CD], Originally published in 1914, 349 pgs. There is no index of individuals in this volume, pages 46-47. 6. HISTORY The Shenandoah Valley Railroad (known as the Norfolk and Western for many years, now known as the Norfolk and Southern) was constructed in Clarke County in 1879. It started in Hagerstown, Maryland, and went south to Roanoke, Virginia. The railroad opened from Hagerstown to Berryville on October 1, 1879." The town of Boyce, located eight miles south of Berryville, Virginia began in 1881 with the arrival of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad. Located at the railroad crossing with the Millwood Turnpike, Boyce remains much as it was in the early 20th century. The town was named after Colonel Upton L. Boyce who lived at the nearby Tuleyries estate and who was very influential in persuading the railroad to pass through Clarke County. The town was incorporated on November 28, 1910 at which time it had a population of 312. Previous to the current railroad station, there was another much smaller one located on the same side of the tracks but right along the Millwood Turnpike. The railroad was apparently upgrading some of their railroad stations during the early 1910s, and were going to replace the original station in Boyce. The new building was to be a small wooden one, and sit along the west side of the tracks at its intersection with the Millwood Turnpike. According to local tradition and some historical accounts, the citizens of Boyce (and neighboring Millwood) wanted a larger, more ornate building and also wanted it to be located on the east side of the tracks. They apparently raised money on their own and gave it to the Norfolk and Western to upgrade to a larger more commodious station. A December 11, 1912 article in The Clarke Courier entitled, "New Depot for Boyce" states: "The public spirit of the citizens of Boyce has again scored a victory. Some time ago the N & W Railway Company announced that it would erect a new passenger station at Boyce. The plans submitted by the railway company did not entirely suit the Boyce people, and they at once started a movement to secure a better piece of ground in order that a more pretentious station might be erected. The old buildings have been removed from the Page-Manning lot, and work on a new and commodious passenger station, of concrete construction, will be started at once. This is the spirit which builds cities. The Boyce people are quick to go down in their pockets and contribute to any and every cause which will advance their town...." The train station was completed in late 1913. A November 26, 1913 article in The Clarke Courier states: The new N & W station, with fine concrete platforms, and promenade, long train shed, electric-lighted throughout, with all modern conveniences for the comfort of patrons, is a great addition to the town." In a December 23, 1914 article in The Clarke Courier, entitled "The Hustling Town of Boyce," the railroad station is described: "...water is now piped to the magnificent railroad station. The handsome railroad station of tile and concrete construction with its 400 feet of train shed, and 540 feet of concrete platform, with its 3 acres of grounds and tracks, is a noble response by the officials of the railway to the requests of our people, and furnishes ample railroad facilities." In 1913, George B. Harrison, a town councilman, wrote about Boyce and described the train station in the following manner: "The Norfolk and Western Railway in kind response to the request of the community has erected a magnificent station of latest design and material with spacious grounds and facilities, fully equipped and provided with electric light and water." Undeniably, the Boyce train station is a surprisingly large building for a community the size of Boyce. It was much bigger than the Berryville (county seat) station, constructed at about the same time. The reason for such an elegant station can probably be attributed to the wealth of many of the local citizens around Boyce and Millwood. Early in the twentieth century, Clarke County experienced an influx of wealthy settlers from the West and North. They were drawn to the county because of the presence of fox hunting, cheap land, and good climate. Many purchased older homes and restored them. Horsebreeding and cattle raising became very popular. The local citizenry of Boyce and Millwood wanted a more elegant train station than what the N & W initially proposed, and they wanted it larger because they were transporting thoroughbreds and cattle on it. The Boyce Railroad Station is thus an example of a rare instance where the citizens of the community wanted a larger and more pretentious facility than what the railroad company was willing to provide, and helped to fund the construction of the building themselves. It appears that the N&W owned the building, although there is a metal sign on the central part of the station 's polygonal bay that identifies its location as "H-461-A" and one that says "Not N&W". According to oral tradition, this means that the N & W did not own the building. However, when Mr. Kenneth Gilpin, Jrn purchased the building in the 1950s, he bought it from the Norfolk and Western. Since then the building has conveyed through several owners. The land on which the building sits, however, is still owned by the railway and is only leased to the owner of the building. In recent years, several of the more substantial railroad stations on the Norfolk and Southern line in the Lower Shenandoah Valley have been demolished. The Boyce train station is thus one of a few surviving examples of a large and elegant station in this pan of Virginia. It is definitely the finest surviving one in Clarke County, as the Berryville station was demolished in the late 1980s. Not only is the Boyce train station a reminder of the influence of the railroad on this area, it is a testament to the hard work of the local citizens who partially paid for its construction. Maral S. Kalbian 1/16/95 Source: BOYCE HISTORIC DISTRICT APPLICATION - 2003, VDHR # 172-0001 Image:boyce_va.jpg

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there are 426 people, 159 households, and 114 families residing in the town. The population density is 456.9/km² (1,179.9/mi²). There are 168 housing units at an average density of 180.2/km² (465.3/mi²). The racial makeup of the town is 86.38% White, 11.74% African American, 1.17% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.00% Pacific Islander, 0.00% from other races, and 0.47% from two or more races. 0.00% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. There are 159 households out of which 27.0% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.2% are married couples living together, 11.3% have a female householder with no husband present, and 28.3% are non-families. 25.2% of all households are made up of individuals and 10.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.68 and the average family size is 3.19. In the town the population is spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 5.2% from 18 to 24, 31.5% from 25 to 44, 24.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 37 years. For every 100 females there are 106.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 98.7 males. The median income for a household in the town is $48,333, and the median income for a family is $52,000. Males have a median income of $35,179 versus $21,354 for females. The per capita income for the town is $17,041. 8.9% of the population and 6.5% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 8.5% of those under the age of 18 and 16.7% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.

External links

Category:Clarke County, Virginia Category:Towns in Virginia

Hohenschönhausen

Hohenschönhausen ist ein Ortsteil von Berlin im Bezirk Lichtenberg. Amtlich wird zwischen den Ortsteilen Alt-Hohenschönhausen und Neu-Hohenschönhausen unterschieden. Bis zur Verwaltungsreform 2001 gab es einen eigenen Stadtbezirk Hohenschönhausen. Dieser wurde zu DDR-Zeiten aus dem Stadtbezirk Weißensee ausgegliedert, als durch Städtebau das alte Hohenschönhausen erheblich erweitert wurde. Der ehemalige Bezirk Hohenschönhausen bestand aus den Berliner Ortsteilen Hohenschönhausen, Wartenberg, Falkenberg und Malchow, die heute alle zum Bezirk Lichtenberg gehören. Auf dem Gebiet des ehemaligen Bezirks leben heute etwa 110 000 Menschen.

Geschichte

1230 beginnt der Bau einer spätromanischen Taborkirche, die aufgrund ihrer historischen Innenausstattung heute das älteste erhaltene Denkmal des Bezirks ist. 1352 erfolgt die erste Erwähnung Hohenschönhausens in einer aus Templin ausgestellten Urkunde, in der der Pfarrer der Kirche von Hohenschönhausen genannt wird. 1480 entstand das Rittergut Hohenschönhausen. Mit der Eingemeindung 1920 wird Hohenschönhausen Teil von Groß-Berlin und dem Bezirk Weißensee zugeordnet. Mit dem Bau einer neuen Groß-Wohnsiedlung (Plattenbausiedlung) zwischen Alt-Hohenschönhausen und Wartenberg wurde Hohenschönhausen 1985 ein eigenständiger Stadtbezirk. Aufgrund der Verwaltungsreform im Jahr 2001 wurde Hohenschönhausen dann Teil des Bezirks Lichtenberg. Von 1951 bis 1989 befand sich in Hohenschönhausen die zentrale Untersuchungshaftanstalt des Ministeriums für Staatssicherheit der DDR, die heute die Gedenkstätte Berlin-Hohenschönhausen ist. Gedenkstätte Berlin-Hohenschönhausen

Ortsteile

- 11 Berlin-Lichtenberg
- 1109 Alt-Hohenschönhausen
- Mühlengrund
- 1110 Neu-Hohenschönhausen
- Neu-Wartenberg

Sport

Sportforum Hohenschönhausen

Neu-Wartenberg Das 1954 gegründete Sportforum Hohenschönhausen ist Europas größtes Sport- und Trainigszentrum. Das 55 Hektar große Gelände beheimatet heute 30 Sportvereine, den größen deutschen Olympiastützpunkt, zwölf Sport-Bundesstützpunkte, die Sportschule „Werner Seelenbinder“, das „Haus der Athleten“ mit etwa 200 Internatsplätzen sowie das Institut für Sportwissenschaften der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin mit etwa 500 Studenten. Zu den wichtigsten Vereinen gehören die im „Wellblechpalast“ beheimateten Eisbären Berlin, ein Eishockey-Team aus der DEL, das 2005 Deutscher Meister wurde. Außerdem spielt im Sportforum der frühere DDR-Serienmeister im Fußball und inzwischen in der Oberliga spielende BFC Dynamo.

Olympiastützpunkt Berlin

Das Sportforum Hohenschönhausen wurde 1987 um den Berliner Olympiastützpunkt erweitert, nach der deutschen Wiedervereinigung entwickelte er sich zum größten Olympiastützpunkt Deutschlands. Er ist heute mit moderner Technik ausgerüstet und besitzt unter anderem einen Strömungskanal für Schwimmer, ein Bildanalysesystem für Turner und eine Laseranlage für den Hürdensprint. Der Olympiastützpunkt brachte insgesamt über 100 Olympiasieger, Weltmeister und Europameister hervor und bietet heute Trainingsmöglichkeiten für 18 Sportarten. Regelmäßig stellt der Olympiastützpunkt Berlin die meisten deutschen Sportler für die Olympischen Spiele, zu den bekanntesten Athleten des Stützpunktes gehören Franziska van Almsick, Claudia Pechstein und Andreas Wecker.

Weblinks

- [http://www.berlin.de/ba-lichtenberg/DerBezirk/geschichte/zeitreise/alt_hohenschoenhausen.html Alt-Hohenschönhausen]
- [http://www.berlin.de/ba-lichtenberg/DerBezirk/geschichte/zeitreise/neu_hohenschoenhausen.html Neu-Hohenschönhausen]
- [http://www.stiftung-hsh.de/ Gedenkstätte Hohenschönhausen]
- [http://www.feuerwehr-hohenschoenhausen.de/ Freiwillige Feuerwehr Hohenschönhausen]
- [http://www.Kiez-Nord.de/ gemeinnützige Träger in Hohenschönhausen-Nord]
- [http://www.chronik-hsh.tk/ Chronik rechter Übergriffe im Bezirk Hohenschönhausen]
- [http://www.wlanhsh.de/ Das "WLanhsh" ein freies, öffentliches Funknetz das über die Bezirksgrenzen hinauswächst] Hohenschonhausen Kategorie:Großsiedlung

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