Wikimedia Foundation

De Wikimedia Foundation Inc. is de euverkoepelende organisatie van Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikibooks, Wikisource, Wikimedia Commons, [http://species.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Wikispecies] en Wikinews. 't Is ein organisatie zonger winstaugmirk die vilt onger de wette van Florida, Vereinegde Sjtate. 't Besjtoan is offisjeil aangekondigt op 20 juni 2003 doer de veurmalige chef van Bomis en meide-oprichter van Wikipedia Jimmy Wales. [http://mail.wikipedia.org/pipermail/wikipedia-l/2003-June/010690.html]

Doele

De doele van de organisatie zunt 't ontwikkele en ongerhoue van open content, wiki-gebasierde projekte en om alle tekste, aafbeildinge en geluide gratis aan 't algemeine publiek te versjaffe. ja:ウィキメディア ko:위키미디어 재단 simple:Wikimedia Foundation th:มูลนิธิวิกิมีเดีย zh-min-nan:Wikimedia

Wikipedia

Wikipedia is e projek va de Wikimedia Foundation, ing organisasie zónger winsougmirk. 't Doel va Wikipedia is om in jiëker taal 'n kompliëte, rechtevrië encyclopedie te sjriëve. Behauve typische encyclopedie-artikele bevat Wikipedia ouch informasie die vaak in verbandj gebrach weurt mit almanakke, specialitische tiedsjrifte en zake die in 't nuujs zunt. Drie haufkarakteristieke diffeniëre de niesj va Wikipedia op 't World Wide Web: # 't doel is veural om 'n encyclopedie te weure # 't is 'ne Wiki, dae doer jiëkerinne kint weure verangerd (behauve doer geblokkierde gebroekersj en de besjermde pazjenaas). # 't is vrieë content, en maak gebroek van de copyleft GNU Free Documentation License. Wikipedia is begonne op 15 jannuarie 2001, allein in 't Ingelsj. De iësjte angesjtaolige versie, in 't Frans, is begos op 23 maart 2001. Begin januari 2005 besjtit de Ingelsje versie oet mieë as 440000 artikele en zunt er zoeën 1,3 miljoeën artikele in alle tale same. De Limburgse Wikipedia is begos in september 2004, mer de ieësjte echte artikele zunt va december va dat jaor. In de winter van 2005 is dit projek hel gegrujd, tot bienao 500 artikele taege 't eind van mieërt.

Wiki

Wikipedia is 'ne wiki, 'n website woeë elke bezeuker de artikele kint verangere en woe dees verangeringe meteen doergeveurd weure. Artikele weure neet gecontrolleerd doer aangeweze gebroekersj of speciaal editors, en de vriewillige auteursj waarsjuwe dat contributies zónger genade collectief weure verangerd. 't Is neet nuëdig dat auteursj expertise of formael kwalifikasies höbbe in de ongerwerpe woemit ze zich bezighoute, hetgein e punt van kritiek is veur sómmige. als:Wikipedia ja:ウィキペディア ko:위키백과사전 ms:Wikipedia nb:Wikipedia roa-rup:Uichipedia simple:Wikipedia th:วิกิพีเดีย zh-min-nan:Wikipedia

Jimmy Wales

Jimmy Donal "Jimbo" Wales (7 augustus 1966) ies 'ne Amerikaanse internèt-óndernummer. Hae ies bekènd gewore es opriechter van Wikipedia en es veurzietter van de Wikimedia Foundation. Wales ies ouch groataandeilhouwer en directeur van 't internètbedrief Bomis.

Leve

Wales woort gebore in Huntsville (Alabama), es zoon van Jim en Doris Wales. Hae góng nao sjoal aan de "House of Learning", 'n klein privésjoal die 't eigendom waor van zien mam en zien oma. In 1983 haolde hae zien diploma aan de Randolph School. Hae góng economie sjtudere aan de Auburn University, woa hae zien bachelors-diploma haolde, en aan de University of Alabama, woa hae zien masters-diploma haolde. In 1994 woort Wales toegelaote tot 't promotie-trajek aan Indiana University, meh hae besjliesde um in Chicago te goon wèrke es optiehandelaer. In 1998 verhuusde hae mèt zien vrouw Christine nao Californië, woa hae 'n internètbedrief begoes, 't zeukportaol Bomis. Wales loos es kind al alles wat los en vas zoot, veural de 22-deilige Worldbook-encyclopedie van zien ouwersj. Hae ies 'ne bewonderaer van de objectivistische filosofie van Ayn Rand, en in de jaore neugetig beheerde hae ein mailinglies mèt de naam "Moderated Discussion of Objectivist Philosophy". Van 1999 tot 2001 houw Wales de leiing euver 't Nupedia-projek, woa 'r mèt filosoof Larry Sanger aan wèrkde. Vervolges begoes hae ein online encyclopedie onder de GNU Vrie Documentatie Licentie volgens 't wiki-princiep, en in 2003 riechde hae de Wikimedia-sjtiechting op. Daoneve ies 'r nog ummer directeur van Bomis Incorporated. Wales woont mèt zien vrouw en hun dochter Kira (2001) in Saint Petersburg, Florida.

Extern links (Ingelsjtalig)

- [http://www.jimmywales.com Officieel website]
- [http://blog.jimmywales.com/ Perseunlike weblog]
- [http://msnbc.msn.com/id/6298340/site/newsweek/ Artikel in Newsweek 01-11-2004]
- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jimbo_Wales Wales' gebroekerpagina op de Ingelsjtalige wikipedia] ja:ジミー・ウェールズ ko:지미 웨일스 th:จิมมี เวลส์

Wiki

De term wiki, of WikiWiki, weurt gebroek veur 'n colleksie van hypertext documente die in samewirking gesjrieve weure. Soms weurt de software om aan zoen colleksie te wirke ouch waal wiki genumd. Mit 'ne wiki kins e mit 'ne browser documente sjrieve in ein sumpel markup taal. Wiki wiki kumt oet 't Hawaiïaans en beteikent sjnel. De Ingelsjtalige Wikipedia is in 2005 de groetste wiki. D'r is 'n houp versjillende software te kriege om 'n wiki op te zitte. MediaWiki weurt gebroek bie Wikipedia, mer verder ouch ónger angere bie:
- Wikibooks
- Wiktionary
- Wikisource
- Wikitravel ja:ウィキ ko:위키위키 ms:Wiki simple:Wiki th:วิกิ zh-min-nan:Wiki

Herrauð

Bósa saga ok Herrauds (Old Norse Bósa saga ok Herrauðs) 'Saga of Bósi and Herraud' is an Old Norse saga written around 1300 preserved in three 15th century manuscripts relating the fantastic adventures of the two companions Herraud (Old Norse Herrauðr) and Bósi.

The setup

The story begins with King Hring (Hringr) of East Götaland, who is said to be son of King Gauti son of King Odin of Sweden and half-brother to King Gautrek the Generous, who appears as king of West Götaland in Gautreks saga. But chronology is flattened so that Hring is made a contemporary of King Harald Wartooth, King of Denmark and Sweden. Hring's wife was Sylgja daughter of Jarl Sæfara ('Seafarer') of the Smalands. Sæfara also had two sons named Dagfari ('Dayfarer') and Náttfari ('Nightfarer') who served King Harald. Herraud, the primary hero of the saga, was the son of Hring and his wife Sylgja. But Hring also had an illegimate son named Sjód (Sjóðr) who served as Hring's treasurer and tax collector and from whose name, according to the saga, the word sjödr 'purse' derives. Hring preferred Sjód to Herraud. Herraud's best friend was Bósi, the younger son of a former viking named Thvari or Bryn-Thvari by Brynhild, a former shieldmaiden and a daughter of King Agnar of Nóatún. Thvari had fomerly partially maimed Brynhild in a duel, whence she was known as Bögu-Brynhild 'Stunt-Brynhild', for she never fully recovered. Thvari then married Brynhild who bore him two sons, Smid (Smiðr) and Bósi. Smid learned some magic from their foster mother Busla who was a powerful sorceress. Bósi was sometimes called Bögu-Bósi after his mother. Bósi was a rough boy who was eventually outlawed for maiming some other folk in a ball-game. Herraud, discontented, gained permission from his father, over Sjód's objections, be allowed to set off on a viking expedition with five ships. Herraud was eventually joined by the exiled Bósi and they successfully plundered for five years. Meanwhile, back in East Götaland, Herraud's half-brother Sjód forcibly extorted funds from Bósi's father Thvari under the pretence that this was legal compensation for those men whom Bósi had injured. Now it chanced that Bósi's ship was driven to Wendland where Sjód happened to be on a purchasing expedition for King Hring. The two quarreled over the matter and Bósi killed Sjód. Herraud then returned to his father's court, offering to make compensation for Sjód's death. But King Hring refused all offers. Civil war broke out between father and son. Hring managed to capture Herraud and Bósi and prepared to execute them. But that night Busla, Bósi's foster-mother, called on her magic, appeared suddenly in King Hring's bedchamber, and threatened and harassed the king with charms and curses, until the helpless king agreed to make peace with Herraud and Bósi to the extent of sending them on a dangerous quest instead of executing them.

The quest

The following day Hring exiled both Herraud and Bósi, Herraud for life and Bósi the same unless Bósi could find and bring back a vulture's egg inscribed with golden letters. The two headed off to Bjarmaland and had many adventures. An erotic encounter between Bósi and a farmer's daughter is told in amusingly explicit riddling dialogue. The two companions were able to kill a vulture that guarded the temple of Jomali in Bjarmaland, obtained its egg, slew the priestess who was Kolfrosta the mother of King Harek of Bjarmaland, and rescued Hleid (Hleið) the sister of King Godmund (Godmundr) of Glæsisvellir who had been magically brought there to be turned into the new priestess. Herraud took Hleid as his wife and they and Bósi returned to East Götaland where King Hring, on receiving the shell of the vulture's egg, agreed to be reconciled with Bósi and his son.

Further adventures

At that point Herraud and Bósi headed off to aid King Harald in the famous Battle of Bråvalla and were among the few survivors. Meanwhile King Godmund of Glæsisvellir, who did not know what had become of his sister Hleid, promised Siggeir, son of King Harek of Bjarmaland, that Siggeir could have her as his wife if he could find her. Siggeir and his brother Hrærek learned about Hleid's abduction from Bjarmaland by Herraud and Bósi and their destruction of the temple, and they set out for Götaland. There they attacked King Hring who had small strength with him, most of his forces having gone to Bråvalla. Hring was killed in battle and Hleid was taken back to Glæsisvellir. On their return from Bråvalla, Herraud and Bósi, accompanied by Bósi's brother Smid and Bosi's foster-moster Busla, set out to rescue Hleid. They accomplished their goal after many further adventures (and two further amusingly erotic encounters between Bósi and two maidens with riddling dialogues). Herraud regained Hleid and Bósi abducted King Harek's daughter Edda. Both Smid and Busla got to show their magical prowess. When King Harek of Bjarmaland attacked in the form of a giant boar, a giant bitch (apparently Busla) opposed him. Both fell into the sea and were never heard of again.

What happened after

Herraud became king of East Götaland as heir to his father while Bósi became king of Bjarmaland by his marriage to Edda. By one of his other erotic encounters Bósi became the father of Svidi the Bold the father of Vilmund the Absentminded. Meanwhile Herraud and Hleid became the parents of a daughter, that same famous Thóra Town-Hart (Þóra Borgarhjörtr) who kept a serpent in her bower and only he who could slay it could gain her hand in marriage. The eventual slayer and husband was the famous Ragnar Lódbrok. The tale explains at the end that this serpent had sprung from the vulture's egg which Herraud and Bósi had obtained in their quest.

Other references to Herraud

This tale of Ragnar and the serpent also appears in Ragnars saga lodbrókar and Tháttr af Ragnars sonum, though in the former Herraud appears as Jarl Herrud (Herruðr) of Gautland and in the latter as Herraud, Jarl of West Götaland. But Herraud's father is also called Hring in this version. A variant with two serpents instead of one appears in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (Book 9) where Herraud appears as Herothus King of Sweden. None of these accounts explain the origin of the serpent or serpents and it would seem that the story of Herraud and Bósi was in part invented as a prequel to fill that gap.

Alternate forms of names

- Herraud: Herrauðr; Herrud (Herruðr); Herothus, Anglicized as Heroth, Herodd.
- Bósi: Anglicized as Bosi.

Bibliography and external links

- English translations:
- "Bosi and Herraud" in Two Viking Romances. Trans. Pálsson, Hermann and Edwards, Paul (1995). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin. ISBN 0146001567.
- "Bosi and Herraud" in Seven Viking Romances. Trans. Pálsson, Hermann and Edwards, Paul (1985). Harmondsworth, England: Penguin. ISBN 0140444742. Chapter 12, "A Wedding Feast", is included in [http://www.vanishedwood.org/other/wedding.htm Shire of Vanished Wood: Mac Taggart, Talbot. "Weddings in the Viking Age"].
- "Bosi and Herraud" in Gautrek's Saga and other medieval tales. Trans. Pálsson, Hermann and Edwards, Paul (1968). London: University of London Press. ISBN 034009396X.
- Original text:
- [http://www.snerpa.is/net/forn/bosa.htm Snerpa: Netúgáfan: Fornrit: Bósa saga ok Herrauðs]
- [http://server.fhp.uoregon.edu/IRE/Document.ire/Norse/html/0213i.html University of Oregon: Norse: Fornaldarsögur norðurlanda: Bósa saga ok Herrauðs]
- [http://saga.library.cornell.edu/saganet/?MIval=/ManuscriptSagasB&language=english&STitle=Gautreks%20saga Sagnanet: Bósa saga] Category:Sources of Norse mythology Category:Legendary sagas

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